 

1. The vectors , j are unit

i vectors along the
 x-axis and y-axis respectively.
   
The vectors u = – i + j and v = 3 i + 5 j are given.
   
(a) Find + 2 in terms of and j .
u v i
  
A vector w has the same direction as u + 2 v , and has a magnitude of 26.
  
(b) Find in terms of and j .
w i

Working:

Answers:

(a)

…………………………………
………..
(b)

…………………………………
…..........

(Total 4 marks)

     
2. (a) u  i  2 j v  3i  5 j
   
u  2v  5i  12 j (A1) 1
 
u  2v  52  122
(b)
= 13 (A1)
 26  
w (5i  12 j )
Vector 13 (A1)
 
= 10i  24 j (A1) 3
[4]

1
 6
 
3. The circle shown has centre O and radius 6. OA is the vector  0  , OB is the
  6  5 
   
 0  OC  11 .
vector and is the vector,
y

B O A x

(a) Verify that A, B and C lie on the circle.

(3)

(b) Find the vector AC .

(2)

(c) Using an appropriate scalar product, or otherwise, find the cosine of angle
OAC.
(3)

(d) Find the area of triangle ABC, giving your answer in the form a 11 , where
a .
(4)
(Total 12 marks)

OA
4. (a) =6  A is on the circle (A1)
OB
=6  B is on the circle. (A1)
 5 
OC   
 11 
= 25  11
=6  C is on the circle. (A1) 3

(b) AC  OC  OA
 5   6
    
=  11   0  (M1)
 1 
 
=  11  (A1) 2

2
 AO  AC
cosOAˆ C 
AO AC
(c) (M1)
  6   1 
 . 
 0   11 
= 6 1  11
6
= 6 12 (A1)
1 3

= 2 3 6 (A1)
6 2  ( 12 ) 2  6 2
cos OAˆ C 
OR 2  6  12 (M1)(A1)
1
= 12 as before (A1)

OR using the triangle formed by AC and its horizontal and

vertical components:
AC  12
(A1)
1
cos OAˆ C 
12 (M1)(A1) 3
Note: The answer is 0.289 to 3 s.f.
(d) A number of possible methods here
BC  OC  OB
 5    6
    
=  11   0  (A1)
 11 
 
=  11  (A1)
BC  = 132
1
 132  12
ABC = 2 (A1)
= 6 11 (A1)
OR ABC has base AB = 12 (A1)
and height = 11 (A1)
1
 12  11
 area = 2 (A1)
= 6 11 (A1)

3
 3
cos BAˆ C 
OR Given 6
33 1 33
sin BAˆ C   ABC   12  12 
6 2 6 (A1)(A1)(A1)
= 6 11 (A1) 4
[12]

5. Find the coordinates of the point where the line given by the parametric
equations x = 2 + 4,
y = – – 2, z = 3 + 2, intersects the plane with equation 2x + 3y – z = 2.

Working:

Answers:

……………………………………
……..

(Total 4 marks)

6. Substituting gives,
2(2 + 4) + 3(– – 2) – (3 + 2) = 2 (M1)
 4 + 8 – 3 – 6 – 3 – 2 = 2 (M1)
 –2 = 2
 = –1 (A1)
Intersection is (2, –1, –1) (A1)
[4]

7. The coordinates of the points P, Q, R and S are (4,1,–1), (3,3,5), (1,0, 2c), and
(1,1,2), respectively.

(a) Find the value of c so that the vectors OR and PR are orthogonal.

For the remainder of the question, use the value of c found in part (a) for
the coordinate of the point R.
(7)

(b) Evaluate PS × PR .
(4)

4
 (c) Find an equation of the line l which passes through the point Q and is
parallel to the vector PR.
(3)
(d) Find an equation of the plane  which contains the line l and passes
through the point S.
(4)

(e) Find the shortest distance between the point P and the plane .
(4)
(Total 22 marks)

8. (a) Since the coordinates of the points P, Q and R are (4, 1, –1), (3, 3, 5)
and (1, 0, 2c), respectively, the vectors QR and PR are given by
  
QR  2i  3 j  (2c  5)k (M1)(A1)
  
PR  3i  j  (2c  1)k (M1)(A1)
QR is perpendicular to PR if and only if QR  PR = 0
i.e. 6 + 3 + (2c – 5)(2c +1) = 0 (M1)
 4c2 – 8c + 4 = 0
 (c – 1)2 = 0 (M1)
c=1 (A1) 7
    
(b) PR  3i  j  3k , PS  3i  3k (M1)(M1)
  
i j k
PS  PR   3 0 3
 3 1 3
 
(M1)
= 3i  3k (A1) 4
(c) The parametric equation of a line l which passes through the
point (3, 3,
 
5) and is parallel
 
to the vector PR is given by

r  (3i  3 j  5k )  t (3i  j  3k ) (M1)(M1)
  
= 3(1  t ) i  (3  t ) j  (5  3t ) k (– < t < ) (A1) 3
Note: If – < t <  is not mentioned, do not penalise.
Also note that some candidates may give the
parametric equation of the line in the form x = 3(1 –
t), y = 3 – t, z = (5 + 3t), – < t < 

5
(d) Let P1 and P2 be points on the line l corresponding to t = 0 and t = 1,
respectively.   

Hence, for r  xi  yj  zk ,
x = 3(1 – t), y = (3 – t) and z = 5 + 3t.
Putting t = 0 and t = 1, we get the coordinates of points P1 and P2
as (3, 3, 5) and (0, 2, 8), respectively.
  
Vectors SP 1 , and SP 2 are given by SP1  2 i  2 j  3k
  
and SP2  i  j  6k . (M1)
  
i j k
SP1  SP2  2 2 3
1 1 6
A vector

perpendicular to both SP1 and SP2 is
 
(M1)
= 9i  15 j  4k (A1)
Let T(x, y, z) be any point of the plane . Since S = (1, 1, 2),
   
ST  ( x  1)i  ( y  1) j  ( z  2)k is a vector in . Hence TS  n = 0
i.e. 9(x – 1) – 15(y – 1) + 4(z – 2) = 0  9x – 15y + 4z – 2 = 0(A1)
OR
  
QS  (1  3)i  (1  3) j  (2  5)k (M1)
The equation of the plane containing the line l and passing
through the point S is determined by l and the vector SQ .
Hence, the equation is:
 3   3   2
      
r   3    1    2 
 5  3    3
      (M1) (A1) 4
  1  9 
  
 2  .   15
 6 4 
PQ  n   
 
n 322
(e) Shortest distance (M1)(M1)
15
= 322 (M1)(A1)
OR
The distance of P from  is:
9(4)  15(1)  4(1)  2
9 2  152  4 2 (M1)(A1)
15
= 322 (M1)(A1) 4
Note: Accept 0.836 (3 s.f.)
[22]

6
7
    
9. The vector n = 2 i – j +3 k is normal to a plane which passes through the point
(2, 1, 2).

Find an equation for the plane.

Find a if the point (a, a – 1, a – 2) lies on the plane.

Working:

Answers:

....
…………………………………
…..........

(Total 4 marks)

10. (a) An equation of the plane is

2x – y + 3z = 9. (M1)(A1)
 2 1  0
     
 1   λ 2     3 
 2 0 1
OR r =       (M1)(A1)
 2   2  2 
    
  1   1 .  1
 3   2  3 
OR r =      =9 (M1)(A1) 2
(b) (a, a – 1, a – 2) lies on the plane if 2a – (a – 1) + 3(a – 2) = 9(M1)
7
This gives a = 2 . (A1)
OR (a, a – 1, a – 2) lies on the plane if a = 2 + ,
a – 1 = 1 + 2 + 3 and a – 2 = 2 + .
Thus a – 1 = 1 + 2(a – 2) + 3(a – 4) (M1)
1 7
 a = 3 2 or 2 (A1)
 a  2 
  
 a  1 .  1
 a  2  3 
OR (a, a – 1, a – 2) lies on the plane if    =9 (M1)
 2a – (a – 1) + 3(a – 2) = 9

8
 1
a=32 (A1) 2
[4]

9
11. Calculate the shortest distance from the point A(0, 2, 2) to the line
      
r = 5 i + 9 j + 6 k + t( i + 2 j + 2 k )

where t is a scalar.

Working:

Answers:

....
…………………………………
…..........

(Total 4 marks)

12.
A (0 , 2 , 2 )

B (t+ 5 , 2 t+ 9 , 2 t+ 6 )
v = i+ 2 j+ 2 k

AB . v = 0 (M1)
 t  5  1
  
 2t  7 . 2 
 2t  4   2 
Therefore,   
=0
t + 5 + 4t + 14 + 4t + 8 = 0, (A1)
giving t = –3 (A1)
 2 
 
AB   1 
  2
Then   , and the required distance AB = 3. (A1)
[4]

10
13. Consider the points A(l, 2, 1), B(0, –1, 2), C(1, 0, 2), and D(2, –1, –6).

(a) Find the vectors AB and BC .

(2)

(b) Calculate AB × BC .
(3)

(c) Hence, or otherwise find the area of triangle ABC.

(2)

(d) Find the equation of the plane P containing the points A, B, and C.
(3)

(e) Find a set of parametric equations for the line through the point D and
perpendicular to the plane P.
(2)

(f) Find the distance from the point D to the plane P.

(3)

(g) Find a unit vector which is perpendicular to the plane P.

(2)

(h) The point E is a reflection of D in the plane P. Find the coordinates of E.

(4)
(Total 21 marks)

    
14. (a) AB  i  3 j  k , BC  i  j (A2) 2
  
i j k
AB  BC   1  3 1
1 1 0
(b) (M1)
  
=  i  j  2k (A2) 3
1  
 i  j  2k
(c) Area of ABC = 2 (M1)
1
11 4
= 2
6
= 2 (A1) 2
   
(d) A normal to the plane is given by n  AB  BC   i  j  2 k(M1)
Therefore, the equation of the plane is of the form –x + y + 2z = g,
and since the plane contains A, then –1 + 2 + 2 = g  g = 3.(M1)
Hence, an equation of the plane is –x + y + 2z = 3. (A1) 3

(e) Vector n above is parallel to the required line.
Therefore, x = 2 – t (M1)
y = –1 + t

11
 z = –6 + 2t (A1) 2
(f) Distance of a point (x0, y0, z0) from a plane ax + by + cz + d = 0
ax0  by0  cz0  d
2 2 2
is given by a b c (M1)
since –x + y + 2z – 3 = 0 and D is (2, –1, –6) (M1)
 2  1  12  3 18

then; distance = 11 4 6

=3 6 (A1) 3
 1 
 e   n
n
(g) Unit vector in the direction of n is (M1)
1   
( i  j  2k )
= 6 (A1) 2
(  e is also acceptable)
(h) Let H be the intersection of DE with the plane, then
–2 + t + (–1 + t) + 2 (–6 + 2t) = 3 (M1)
 6t = 18 (A1)
t=3
 H(–1, 2, 0) (M1)
but H is the mid point of DE (A1)
 E(–4, 5, 6) (A1) 4
[21]

15. Find a vector that is normal to the plane containing the lines L1, and L2, whose
equations are:

L1: r = i + k +  (2i + j – 2k)

L2: r = 3i + 2j + 2k + µ (j + 3k)

Working:

Answers:

....
…………………………………
…..........

(Total 3 marks)

12
 y 1 z  3

16. The plane 6x – 2y + z = 11 contains the line x – 1 = 2 l . Find l.

Working:

Answers:

....
…………………………………
…..........

(Total 3 marks)

17. The direction vector, i + 2j + lk, for the line, is perpendicular to 6i – 2j + k,

the normal of the plane.
Therefore, (i + 2j +lk) . (6i – 2j + k) = 0 (M1)
Therefore, 6–4+l=0 (M1)
l=2 (A1) (C3)
OR
x = t + 1, y = 2t – 1, z = lt + 3 (A1)
6t + 6 – 4t + 2 + lt + 3 (M1)
2t + lt = 0
l = –2 (A1)
[3]

18. (a) If u = i +2j + 3k and v = 2i – j + 2k, show that

u × v = 7i + 4j – 5k.
(2)

(b) Let w = u + μv where  and µ are scalars. Show that w is perpendicular

to the line of intersection of the planes x + 2y + 3z = 5 and 2x – y + 2z = 7
for all values of  and μ.
(4)
(Total 6 marks)

i j k
2 3 1 3 1 2
1 2 3 i j k
1 2 2 2 2 1
2 1 2
19. (a) u×v= . (M2)(AG) 2

13
14
    2 
 
 2   
 3  2 
(b) w=   (C1)
The line of intersection of the planes is parallel to u × v. (M1)
.
Now, w (u × v) = 7 + 14 + 8 – 4 –15 – 10 = 0 for all , .(M1)(C1)
Therefore, w is perpendicular to the line of intersection of the
given planes. (AG)
OR
The line of intersection of the planes is perpendicular to u and to v,(M2)
so it will be perpendicular to the plane containing u and v, that is,(R1)
to all vectors of the form u + v = w. (C1) 4
[6]

20. Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the line L with the plane P
where:

x  3 y –1 z –1
L:  
2 –1 2
P : 2x  3 y – z  – 5

Working:

Answers:

……………………………………
……..

(Total 3 marks)

15
21. The position vectors of points P and Q are:

p = 3i + 2j + k
q = i + 3j – 2k

(a) Find the vector product p × q.

(b) Using your answer to part (a), or otherwise, find the area of the
parallelogram with two sides OP and OQ .

Working:

Answers:

(a)

…………………………………
………..
(b) ...............................................
...................

(Total 3 marks)

i j k
3 2 1
1 3 2
22. (a) The vector product, p × q = (M1)
= –7i + 7j + 7k

(b) Area of parallelogram = p × q = 147 or 7 3 or 12.1 units2(A1)

[3]

23. Three points A, B and C have coordinates (2, 1, –2), (2, –1, –1) and (1, 2, 2)
respectively. The vectors OA , OB and OC , where O is the origin, form three
concurrent edges of a parallelepiped OAPBCQSR as shown in the following
diagram.

16
 P S

A
Q

B
R

O C
(a) Find the coordinates of P, Q, R and S.
(4)

(b) Find an equation for the plane OAPB.

(2)

(c) Calculate the volume, V, of the parallelepiped given that

V = OA  OB  OC 
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

24. (a) OP  OA  OB = 4i – 3k  P = (4, 0, –3) (A1)

OQ  OA  OC = 3i + 3j  Q = (3, 3, 0) (A1)
OR  OB  OC = 3i + j + k  R = (3, 1, 1) (A1)
OS  OP  OC = 5i + 2j – k  S = (5, 2, 1) (A1)

(b) OA  OB = –3i – 2j – 4k: (from part (i)).

An equation of the plane is 3x + 2y + 4z = 0 (M1)(A1)
(c) V = (–3i – 2j – 4k).(I + 2j + 2k) = –3 – 4 – 8= 0
Notes: Accept alternative forms
 2   2   3  x 
       
 1      1   2 . y 
  2   1  4  z
e.g. r =      or     = 0.
[8]

25. Find the equation of the line of intersection of the two planes –4x + y + z = –2
and
3x – y + 2z = –1.

17
Working:

Answers:

……………………………………
……..

(Total 3 marks)

18
26. For the line of intersection:
–4x + y + z = –2
3x – y + 2z = –1
–x + 3z = –3 (M1)
–8x + 2y + 2z = –4
3x – y + 2z = –1
11x – 3y =3 (M1)
3y  3
The equation of the line of intersection is x = 11 = 3z + 3 (or equivalent) (A1)
(C3)
OR
 y  z  2

Let x = 0   y  2 z  1
 3z = –3, z = –1, y = –1
 (0, –1, –1) (M1)
 4 x  y  2

Let z = 0   3 x  y  1
 –x = –3, x = 3, y = 10
 (3, 10, 0) (M1)
 0 3
   
  1  λ11
  1 1
The equation of the line of intersection is r =     (or equivalent)(A1) (C3)
[3]

27. The triangle ABC has vertices at the points A(–l, 2, 3), B(–l, 3, 5) and C(0, –1, 1).

(a) Find the size of the angle  between the vectors AB and AC .
(4)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the area of triangle ABC.

(2)

Let l1 be the line parallel to AB which passes through D(2, –1, 0) and l2 be the
line parallel to AC which passes through E(–l, 1, 1).

(c) (i) Find the equations of the lines l1 and l2 .

(ii) Hence show that l1 and l2 do not intersect.

(5)

(d) Find the shortest distance between l1 and l2.

(5)
(Total 16 marks)

19
20
28. (a) Given the points A(–1, 2, 3), B(–1, 3, 5) and C(0, –1, 1),
0  1 
   
AB   1 , AC    3 
 2   2
then     (A1)
AB  5 , AC  14
and (A1)
The size of the angle between the vectors AB and AC is given by
 
 AB  AC   7 
   arccos 
 AB AC   5 14 
θ = arccos   (M1)
θ = 147° (3 s.f.) or 2.56 radians (A1) 4
1 1
AB AC AB  AC
(b) Area = 2 sinθ or 2 (M1)
 
 accept 2.28, 2.30 and 21 
 2 
Area = 2.29 units2  (A1) 2
(c) (i) The parametric equations of l1 and l2 are
l1: x = 2, y = –1 + λ, z = 2λ (A1)
l2: x = –1 + µ, y = 1 – 3µ, z = 1 – 2µ (A1)
Note: At this stage accept answers with the same
parameter for both lines.
(ii) To test for a point of intersection we use the system of equations:

2 = –1 + µ 1
–1 + λ = 1 – 3µ 2
2λ = 1 – 2µ 3 (M1)

Then  = 3,  = –7 from 1 and 2 (A1)

Substituting into 3 gives RHS = –14, LHS = –5 (M1) 5
Therefore the system of equations has no solution and the
lines do not intersect.

21
 ( e  d )  ( l1  l 2 )
(l  l )
(d) The shortest distance is given by 1 2
where d and e
are the position vectors for the points D and E and where l1 and l2 are
the direction vectors for the lines l1 and l2.
i j k
0 1 2
1 3 2
Then l1 × l2 = (M1)(A1)
(e  d )  ( l1  l 2 ) (3i  2 j  k )  (4i  2 j  k )

( l1  l 2 ) 21
And (M2)
9
= 21 or 1.96 (A1) 5
[16]

29. (a) The point P(1, 2, 11) lies in the plane π1. The vector 3i – 4 j + k is
perpendicular to π1. Find the Cartesian equation of π1.
(2)

(b) The plane 2 has equation x + 3y – z = –4.

(i) Show that the point P also lies in the plane 2.

(ii) Find a vector equation of the line of intersection of 1 and 2.

(5)

(c) Find the acute angle between 1 and 2.

(5)
(Total 12 marks)

 x  3   1   3 
       
 y     4   2     4
 z   1  11  1 
30. (a)         (M1)
3x – 4y + z = 6 (A1) 2
(b) (i) 1 + 3 × 2 – 11 = –4 (A1)
 P lies in π2 (AG)
 3   1  1
     
  4   3    4 
 1    1 13
(ii)       (M1)(A1)
1 1
   
 2    4 
11 13
r=     (M1)(A1) 5
Note: Award (M1)(A0) if equation given in incorrect
form.

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23
(c) METHOD 1
1  3   1  3 
      
 3     4   3    4
  1  1    1  1 
        cosθ
1  3 
   
 3     4
  1  1 
    = – 10 (A1)
1  3 
   
 3   11   4   26
  1  1 
    (A1)
 10
cosθ = 11 26 (= –0.5913) (M1)
θ = 2.2035 radians (or θ = 126.3°) (A1)
The angle between the planes is
π – 2.2035 = 0.938 radians (or 180° – 126.3° = 53.7°) (A1) (N2)
METHOD 2
 1   3   1  3 
      
 3     4   3    4
  1  1    1  1 
        sin  (M1)
1  3  1
   
 3     4   4  186
  1  1  13
    (A1)
1  3 
   
 3   11,   4   26
  1  1 
    (A1)
186
sinθ = 11 26 (= 0.8064 ) (M1)
θ = 0.938 radians (or θ = 53.7) (A1) 5
[12]

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