799 Anisarinabintimatani2014

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AI{IS ARINABINTI MAT AhTt
Dole of Birth
tlOCTOBER
1991
AUTOMATIC AIRER BASED ON AMBIENT PARAMETER
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l9ILlNts 2014
AUTOMATED AIRER BASED ON AMBIENT PARAMETER MEASUREMENT
ANIS ARINA BINTI MAT ANI
A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical-Electronic)
Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
JUNE 2014
"I declare that this thesis entitled"Automated Airer Based on Ambient Parameter
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thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in
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ANIS ARINA BINTI MAT ANI

19 JUNE 2014
iii
Dedicated To Abah and Mak:
Mat Ani Bin Jaafar

&
Zaiton Binti Mohamood
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to show my highest gratitude and thankful to Allah
S.W.T. for giving me good health and strength to complete final year projects. The
experiences I gained during this period were meaningful to me, which exposed me to
the engineering practices. My appreciation recorded to my supervisor, Dr Rashidah
@ Siti Saedah Bte Arsat for giving his valuable time, guidance, assistance and
continuous encouragement towards the completion of my project.
My appreciation also goes to my family who has been so tolerant and

supporting me all these years. I would like to express my appreciation to my father
Mat Ani Bin Jaafar and my mother Zaiton Binti Mohamood who have given me
courage, moral support and helping me all the way towards the completion of this
project.
Lastly, I would like to express my gratitude to all my friends and people that
involve directly or indirectly for this project. To all my friends who always give
continuous support and help in completing this project, especially Noor Ili Amalina
Binti Mohd Yusoff, Aida Noora Ashikin Binti Mohd Abdul Rani, Farah Wahida Binti
Md Arepen, Kamarudin Bin Abdul Rahman, Khairul Akmal Bin Zulkepli and Khairul
Aishah Binti Khalid. May Allah bless you for the good deed you have done.
ABSTRACT
The Malaysian female labor force always working at least nine hours
per day. Thus, it can interfere their time to do some chores especially laundry.
Since Malaysia is located on top of the equator line, it causes to experience rain
state and damp during the year. This matter sometimes cause problem to the
female labor force when washed clothes are not dry and have unpleasant smell.
In order to lighten their burden, the project proposed an automatic airer. In
developing this airer, factors of rain need to stress such as temperature and
humidity. The temperature and humidity is use to detect the conditional
behavior before rain. The movement of airer will control by Arduino UNO
based on specific conditional. If the environment shows the hint of raining, the
airer will move into the specified chamber that have cooling fan to dry the
clothes. Or else, it will stay outside under the sunny day until the clothes dry
naturally. This airer will ease all the women workers to complete their laundry
during rainy day
vi
ABSTRAK
Pekerja wanita Malaysia sentiasa bekerja sekurang-kurangnya sembilan jam

setiap hari Maka, ia boleh mengganggu masa mereka melakukan rutin
harian terutama cucian. Oleh kerana Malaysia terletak di atas garisan khatulistiwa, ia
menyebabkan Malaysia mengalami keadaan hujan dan lembap sepanjang tahun.
Perkara ini adakalanya menyebabkan masalah kepada pekerj wanita apabila pakaian
dibasuh tidak kering dan mempunyai bau yang tidak menyenangkan. Dalam usaha
untuk meringankan beban mereka projek ampaian automatik telah dicadangkan.
Dalam membangunkan ampaian ini, faktor-faktor hujan perlu ditekankan seperti suhu
dan kelembapan. Suhu dan kelembapan digunakan untuk mengesan faktor-faktor
sebelum berlakunya hujan. Pergerakan ampaian akan dikawal oleh Arduino UNO
berdasarkan syarat-syarat yang ditetapkan. Jika persekitaran menunjukkan tanda-tanda
bahawa akan berlakunya hujan, ampaian akan bergerak ke dalam ruang yang
disediakan yang mempunyai kipas untuk mengeringkan pakaian. Jika tidak, ia akan
kekal di luar di bawah matahari yang cerah sehingga pakaian kering secara semulajadi.
Ampaian ini akan memudahkan semua pekerja wanita untuk melengkapkan cucian
mereka semasa hari hujan.
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
TITLE
PAGE
DECLARATION
ii
DEDICATION
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
iv
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vii
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
xiv
LIST OF SYMBOLS
xv
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background Information
1.2
Motivation
1.2.1 Women with Profession
1.2.2 Malaysia in Equator Line
1.2.3 Migrant Maids
1.3
Problem Statement
1.4
Objectives
1.5
Scope of Work
1.6
Thesis Outline
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Introduction
2.2
The Factor Affects the Formation of Rain

Correlation
viii
2.3
2.4
Technology on Smart Clothesline
2.3.1 Conventional Clothesline
2.3.2 Mrs Peggs Handy Line
2.3.3 Clevacover
11
2.3.4 Clever Clothesline
13
2.3.5 Trendy Clothesline
15
Conclusion
16
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
17
3.1
Introduction
17
3.2
Project Flow
17
3.3
System Architecture
19
3.4
Electronic Development
20
3.4.1 Microcontroller
20
3.4.2 DC Gear Motor
22
3.4.3 LCD Screen
23
3.4.4 Temperature Sensor
24
3.4.5 Water Sensor
26
3.4.6 Fans and Lamps
27
3.4.7 Power Source
29
Software Development
29
3.5.1 Software Design
29
3.5.2 The Arduino IDE Software
31
3.6
Product Testing
33
3.7
First Prototype
33
3.8
Conclusion
33
3.5
2.2.1 Temperature Affects the Formation of Rain

Correlation
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
34
4.1
Introduction
34
4.2
Correlation Study on the Relation of Temperature

and Rain
34
ix
4.3
Programming
43
4.3.1
44
Programming Implementation
4.4
Final Integration Result
44
4.5
Conclusion
47
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
49
5.1
Introduction
49
5.2
Conclusion
49
5.3
Project Limitation
50
5.4
Recommendation
51
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
53
6.1
Introduction
53
6.2
Project Planning
53
6.3
Cost Estimation
55
6.4
Conclusion
56
REFERENCES
58
Appendix A
60
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO.
TITLE
PAGE
3.1
The uses pin in Arduino UNO
21
3.2
Arduino UNO specification
21
3.3
Specifications of DC gear motor
23
3.4
Specifications of temperature sensor
25
4.1
Summary of three hours before rain
38
4.2
Summary of temperature reference
43
6.1
Project Gantt chart for Final Year Project One (FYP1)
54
6.2
Project Gantt chart for Final Year Project Two (FYP2)
55
6.3
Cost estimation for the system
55
xi
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
Frequency of rainfall events for threshold value

greater than 30 mm h-1
2.2
The conventional way to hang clothes
2.3 (a)
Mrs Peggs Handy Line is ready to hang clothes
11
2.3 (b)
Mrs Peggs Handy Line in fold flat for easy storage
11
2.4
Clevacover rotary clothesline
12
2.5
Clevacover rectangular clothesline
13
2.6
Clever Clothesline in first step, hang the clothes
14
2.7
Clever Clothesline in second step, cover the

parameter of the clothesline
14
2.8
Clever Clothesline in third step, when the rain sensor

detect water the roof cover will protect clothe
14
2.9
Trendy Clothesline
16
3.1
Process flow of the project
18
3.2
Architecture of the system
20
3.3 (a)
Arduino UNO as a microcontroller
21
3.3 (b)
Name of every pins in Arduino UNO
21
3.4
Motor driver circuit
23
3.5
Hardware connection between LCD and Arduino

UNO
24
3.6
Hardware connection between temperature sensor,

LM35DZ and Arduino UNO
26
xii
3.7 (a)
Rain sensor module
27
3.7 (b)
Hardware connection between rain sensor module

and Arduino UNO
27
3.8
Prototype of cooling fans
28
3.9
Prototype of lamps (LED)
28
3.10
Relay circuit
28
3.11
Switching power supply
29
3.12
Software architecture for automated airer based on

ambient parameter measurement
31
3.13
Arduino IDE software for programming
32
4.1
Sample of data tabulated for every minute by using

Microsoft Excel
35
4.2 (a)
Temperature graph of three hours before rain
36
4.2 (b)
Temperature graph of two hours before rain
36
4.2 (c)
Temperature graph of one hour before rain
37
4.2 (d)
Temperature graph within one hour rain
37
4.2 (e)
Temperature graph within two hours rain
38
4.3 (a)
Temperature graph of 30 minutes before rain
39
4.3 (b)
40
4.3 (c)
40
4.4 (a)
41
4.4 (b)
41
4.4 (c)
42
4.5
Summary of five months of rain
43
4.6 (a)
LCD display current temperature and time
44
4.6 (b)
Water sensor did not detect any drops of water
44
4.6 (c)
Clothesline stay outside from the chamber
45
xiii
4.7 (a)
LCD display current temperature and time
45
4.7 (b)
Clothesline stay inside the chamber
45
4.7 (c)
Fans and lamps turn ON
46
4.8 (a)
Water sensor detect the drops of water
46
4.8 (b)
46
4.8 (c)
47
4.9 (a)
LCD display current time and temperature
47
4.9 (b)
47
5.1
Major city in Malaysia
51
5.2
Weather changes send via SMS
52
xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
SME
Small Medium Enterprise
PSM
Propensity Score Matching
UTM
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
UV
Ultra Violet
LCD
Liquid Crystal Display
PCB
Printed Circuit Board
LED
Light Emitting Diode
p.m.
a.m.
FYP1
Final Year Project One
FYP2
Final Year Project Two
xv
LIST OF SYMBOLS
Volt
Ampere
Byte
MHz
Mega Hertz
r/m
Rotation Per Unit
mN.m
Millimetre Newton Metre
Meter
Kilometer
Micro
Degree Celsius
Ohm
xvi
LIST OF APPENDIX
APPENDIX
A
TITLE
Automated Airer Based on Ambient Parameter
Measurement Full Coding
PAGE
60
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background Information
Most of women will face difficulty to pick up hanging clothes when it comes
to unforeseen circumstances such as rainy day. For example, when women were so
busy doing other important works or not available at time, suddenly it is rainy and the
clothes will exposed to rain. For working people, they have to worry about their
clothes that have been dried outside. Nowadays, people do not have enough time to
manage because many important things to do in daily routine. Thus, it may interfere
their time to do some chores, especially for houses that do not have maids, either local
or migrant.
This project focuses on the laundry issue. The weather can change from sunny
to rainy days, for those who are working away from their house and for working
couple, it is hard to find time to manage a laundry day where the cloth is dried through
the whole day. In order to lighten their burden, the project proposed an automatic
airer. This airer will able to detect the surrounding several rain factors. If the factors
show the hint of rain, the airer will move into the specified chamber. Or else, it will
stay outside under the sunny day until the clothes dry naturally.
1.2
Motivation
2
In this part will be discussed the details about women with profession, Malaysia in
equator line and migrant maids to support the problem statement.
1.2.1
Women with Profession
Datuk Dr Noorul Ainur Mohd Nur, secretary-general from Women, Family

and Community Development Ministry's was said in Star Online 2011, the female
labor force participation rate in Malaysia was 47.9 percent, which was below average
of other East Asia and Pacific countries based on the World Bank Report. By the year
2015 Malaysia is expected to have 55 percent of women in its labor force [1]. Many
studies have shown the significance growth of global and local economy have
contributed by women owned businesses. Over the past decade the growth has been
increase [2]. Today, woman -owned businesses in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and
Latin America are growing rapidly and women in market economy own more than 25
percent of all businesses [2]. Year by year the association of women in Small Medium
Enterprise (SME) industry was built because of their mindfulness and inspiration to
overhaul their economy and jobless among graduate students from university force
themselves to involve all hands on deck. Subsequently, the mentality of women
specialists which are exceptionally dedicated, skill and proactive that ambitious
people's reality will assume control by women [2].
Women in Malaysia have been for a long time in the labor force. In any case,
the cooperation of women in Malaysia holding higher managerial positions is
uncommon in spite of the fact that women have higher instruction capability and
experience compared with men [3]. It is unexpected in comparison to the current
situation whereby after more than 20 years since women entered the labor force,
women are hardly found in the higher managerial positions. Numerous organization
still underestimate that men make a more efficient managerial pioneers compared with
women. While in many Malaysian organization, a delicate issue about whether is the
circumstances of elevating proficient women to top administration positions [3].
3
1.2.2
Malaysia in Equator Line
Malaysia experience rains, state and damp during the year because Malaysia
are located on top of the equator line. Throughout the whole year equatorial regions
are characterized by wet months and there is no alternation of summer and winter as
in temperate regions. However, the climate in South East Asia, where Kuala Lumpur
is located, is strongly seasonal because of the different monsoons caused by the
changes in the direction and speed of airstreams.
Malaysia are never excessively hot because Malaysia basically observes by

tropical climate. Except for high highlands, the atmosphere is considered decently hot
and greatly sultry. Throughout the year, the average temperature for every month is
between 20 C 30 C.
Round the year, Malaysia generally accomplish tropical climate. However, the
rainstorm differs on the coastline of Peninsular Malaysia. The rainy season reaches
out from September to December on the west coast, whereas on the east coast receive
rainfall from October to February. As regards East Malaysia, between the months of
November to February it gathers overwhelming rains [4].
Normal precipitation of mean annual cumulative rain in Malaysia is 2400mm

3200mm [4]. From November to February is the crest month in Malaysia to become
monsoon season, however on the west coast, August turns out to be the wettest month.
In general, days are warm and nights are really cool in Malaysia. Furthermore its
average climate is continually welcoming.
Therefore, all house need to have the automated airer to save their clothes from
rainy day.
1.2.3
Migrant Maids
4
As more married women choose to participate in the workforce, the demand
for migrant maids by households in Malaysia has increased rapidly [5]. According to
statistic there are 729,809 workers from Indonesia and 189,500 of them work as a
maid. The maid has become an integral member of many families in Malaysia. Detail
indicate that, in 2012 there are currently about 230,000 foreign maids in Malaysia and
the number could achieve 300,000 if Indonesian maids return to the nation [6].
Simple comparisons of families without housemaids and those with maids,

suggesting that utilize maids can raise female labor force participation rates of their
employers by 26 percentage points. By estimate the treatment effect of having a
foreign maid the rise in female labor force participation is estimated by Propensity
Score Matching (PSM) methods to be only 18 percentage points in 1993/94.
Moreover, this effect appears to have decrease to only 13 percentage points from
2004/05. The minor impact of taking maids is more leisure time for Malaysian women
and financial losses to the host households [5].
1.3
Problem Statement
During the rainy day, most of women facing problems to pick up hanging
clothes especially when it comes to unexpected circumstances, such as when women
workers are caught up with doing other obligations works or not available at the time.
Moreover, Malaysia is located on top of the equator line, it causes to experience

rain state and damp during the year. This matter sometime causes problem with the
female labor force when washed clothes are not dry and have an unpleasant smell.
Besides that, it will be more difficult to the family if they do not have helpers
or maid that will help them in doing house chores. However, for the middle class of
the family is cannot afford to hire a maid. Since, the salary of the maid was increasing
year by year.
5
1.4
Objectives
The objectives of this research are:
i.
To investigate in details the basic behavior of rain (such as temperature) using

sensor and data bank.
ii.
To develop automated airer: sensor, automated controller, and chamber.
iii.
To verify the automated smart airer performance based on the data on rain
behavior.
1.5
Scope of Work
This project, will focus on clothesline in order to lighten the burden of women
workers in laundry issue. Basically, there are some scopes in this project is to
investigate in details the basic behavior before rain using temperature factor, between
7.00 a.m. to 6.30 p.m. around Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Skudai based on
the data bank of five months from July 2013 to September 2013. Then, design
automated airer that can move automatically during rainy day based on temperature
behavior.
1.6
Thesis Outline
This thesis comprises of five chapters. Chapter 1 provides the introduction,

motivation, objective, problem statement and scope of work are involved in
accomplishing this chapter. The author also highlights the significant achievement
obtained upon completion of this project.
For Chapter 2 present a brief of factor that affect rain correlation, technology
on clothesline start from the conventional clothesline until the current clothesline.
6
In Chapter 3, briefly explain on project planning, system architecture,
electronics development and software development.
All the result obtained were showed in Chapter 4. The results were discussed
in this chapter. Moreover, comparisons of the results are made between technology
on clothesline and automated airer.
The outcome of this thesis is concluded in Chapter 5. Recommendations for

future products are also given.
For Chapter 6, explain about the project management. Project management

will discuss details about cost estimation of the system and project schedule of the
project.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Introduction
In this chapter, detail literature review is conducted. The literature started with
the investigation of the rain factors, then followed with conventional clothesline and
recent development of clothesline.
2.2
The Factor Affects the Formation of Rain Correlation
Main parameter measured was atmospheric pressure and others as secondary

parameters were atmospheric temperature and relative humidity [7]. However, in this
case study, the factor of temperature will be stress more. The basic behavior of
temperature factor was investigated based on data bank, to get the average specific
temperature before rainfall.
2.2.1 Temperature Affects the Formation of Rain Correlation
The conditions for cloud formation and rainfall are affected by higher
temperatures. Heavy rainfalls, such as summer thunderstorms, are influenced more by
temperature than rain from larger widespread rain systems. Heavy rain has farreaching consequences for society, and these could worsen at higher temperatures.
8
The volume of rain that falls in a heavy shower depends on the amount of water vapor
in the atmosphere. At higher temperatures the atmosphere may contain more water
vapor, thus increasing the chance of heavy showers. The properties of a rain shower
are strongly dependent on the time scale being studied, from five minutes to several
hours or days, for instance. The various types of precipitation are created in different
processes in the atmosphere.
This makes this a complex area from a research
perspective.
Rain-rate distribution and raindrop-size distribution are two important

parameters used for attenuation prediction are. Measured data and the rain-rate
conversion technique were proposed on both parameters [8]. There are three ranges
of rainfall thresholds which are 0.1-10 mm h- 1(light precipitation), 10.1-30 mm h1(moderate rainfall) and more than 30 mm h-1(heavy rainfall) that was analyze the
rainfall over Kelantan river basin [9]. The frequency of rainfall events for threshold
value greater than 30 mm h-1 was shown in Figure 2.1.
Figure 2.1
Frequency of rainfall events for threshold value greater than

30 mm h-1 [9]
9
2.3
Technology on Smart Clothesline

In todays present era of the technology was evolved more household chores
was converted to a modern ways. It was a long time ago that the people use a lot of
efforts and dedication for their works even there is a way to lessen their task every day.
Automated Clothesline gives more opportunities the client or the user to give a
convenience on daily tasks. In this case study is to conduct an intensive research that
would help the people in modern technology.
2.3.1
Conventional Clothesline
The conventional clothesline are totally exposed to sun and rain. Figure 2.2
shows the conventional clothesline. It is suitable for non-women worker are known
as housewife. Even though non women are at home, but sometime non women worker
also out from house. So, sometime their clothes are exposed to the rainy day too.
Therefore non women worker also need automated airer to give comfortable for them
if they are not at house.
Figure 2.2
2.3.2
Mrs Peggs Handy Line
Conventional way to hang clothes
10
Mrs Peggs Handy Line is the perfect alternative to conventional clotheslines,
electric dryers, airers because it can be left outside permanently. It is portable
clothesline and easily folded for storage as shown in Figure 2.3(a) and Figure 2.3(b).
They are several features of this product. The Handy Line clotheslines can be
used everywhere either outdoors or indoors that means the clothesline are lightweight
portable clothes dryer. This clothesline builds from stainless steel and ultra-strong
aluminum. Its compact design which is its can carry to anywhere and it is ideal for
living areas with limited space such as retirement villages, apartments, courtyards and
balconies. It also folds flat for easy storage. Furthermore, this clothesline can saves
energy because this clothesline use natural environment to dry the clothes. At any
time in any weather the users being able to wash, without using an expensive electric
dryer. Then, power bills will be reduced since the clothesline do not use any electricity
source. Beside, being an energy saving product, the Handy Line also known as ecofriendly which mean it help to save the environment and planet. Moreover, it is easy
to use and versatile clothesline which can hold full wash load like sheets, towels,
blanket, clothes and others.
The disadvantages of this product is the user must lift the suspension to the
suitable place. Sometime weather are very sunny but suddenly the weather change to
rainy day. If the user place the clothesline at outside and they are not at home the
clothes will exposed to the rain. Therefore, the user need the automated airer to save
the clothes from wet.
11
Figure 2.3(a) Mrs Peggs Handy Line is ready to hang clothes [10]
Figure 2.3(b) Mrs Peggs Handy Line in fold flat for easy storage [10]
2.3.3
Clevacover
12
The Clevacover is revolutionary weatherproof cover which attaches to almost
any rectangular or rotary clothesline assembly. Figure 2.4 shows Clevacover rotary
clothesline and Figure 2.5 shows Clevacover rectangular clothesline. The cover is
Ultra Violet (UV) stabilized and waterproof. The cover is excellent for protecting
many clothes and linen. This clothesline use natural air to dry the clothes. Therefore,
even if it is raining, the clothes and linen will dry because air dries the clothes not the
sun. Besides that, this clothesline can save electricity because its no need dryer to dry
the clothes.
The Clevacover only used air to dry the clothes while automated airer use
natural sun to dry the clothes and use fans and lamps to dry the clothes if rainy day.
Besides that, if rain with strong wind sometime the clothes also exposed to rain.
Figure 2.4
Clevacover rotary clothesline [11]
13
Figure 2.5
Clevacover rectangular clothesline [11]
2.3.4 Clever Clothesline
Clever Clothesline is a new rotary clothesline with a clever rain sensor that
opens and retracts automatically water proof cover when it detects water. First hang
the clothes on the clothesline. Then, cover the parameter of the clothesline with the
water proof cover. A rain sensor positioned on top of roof cover to detect the first
drops of rain water. When the sensor detect the drops of rain water, then the sensor
will send to microcontroller to trigger a roof cover to automatically open and to make
sure the clothes remain dry. The cover automatically retracts at the end of the rain
shower, when the water sensor did not detect the drop of rain water anymore. Then, it
allow full aeration and UV drying the clothes. All the operation of Clever Clothesline
was shown in Figure 2.6, Figure 2.7 and Figure 2.8. The Clever Clothesline supplied
with a side mesh which is attached to the three sides of the line, protecting your clothes
from any rain that falls at an angle. While the mesh protects your clothes from rain.
It is designed to allow aeration which allows your clothes to continue drying. User
also can turn off the automatic cover and remove the side mesh, if the user are
confident that day will not rain. The battery of the clothesline needs to recharge once
14
in two weeks and also depending on usage. The Clever Clothesline can easily fit two
to three machine loads of laundry.
The automated airer is more protect and care the clothes because automated
airer move the clothesline in specific chamber when temperature sensor shows the hint
of rain. Therefore the clothes are not in contact with water compared to Clever
Clothesline that are wait until the water sensor detect water then the roof cover will
cover the clothes.
Figure 2.6
Clever Clothesline in first
step, hang the clothes [12]
Figure 2.7
Clever Clothesline in
second step, cover the parameter of the

clothesline [12]
Figure 2.8
Clever Clothesline in third step, when the rain sensor detect water the
roof cover will protect clothes [12]
15
2.3.5
Trendy Clothesline
Trendy Clothesline is the way to solve big issues of drying clothes in Australia.
Figure 2.9 shows the Trendy Clothesline that was develop. The reason why this
product are design is for low electricity bills. This quality electric product was
designed with creative and innovative technology by utilizing minimum energy.
Moreover, to sustain the planet Trendy Clothesline use ecofriendly way to the drying
clothes. Trendy Clothesline helps to reduce the carbon foot print from your households
which mean lower carbon taxes and more savings. Besides that, it was design in-built
cross air flow fans to facilitate quick drying. Furthermore, it has specialty which is
unnatural UV lights to disinfect clothes. This mean drying clothes is taken care
irrespective of the weather. Hence, to solve big drying problems, the new Trendy
Clothesline was develop with its variety features and unique design that can drying the
clothes in any seasons and all weather conditions.
This product can save valuable working space on the floor because it mounted
on the ceiling both indoors and outdoors. Furthermore, it is electrically operated and
it has remote controlled to ease the user to control the operation. It can move upward
and downward. It can move downward 1.2 meters from the ceiling for ease of hanging
clothes.
Trendy Clothesline is the multifunctional four pole design to meet variety of

needs from clothes to quilts. It can bear a load of 35 Kilos and it made from rust proof
aluminum material. This clothesline is fits well into the sustainable-living products
category
This product comes with three type of trendy clothesline which is Trendy
Elegance, Trendy Vivid and Trendy Robust. These three types have same design but
different specialty. For trendy Elegance it has UV light and fan. While Trendy
Vivid has light and fan and Trendy Robust only has light.
16
Besides that, this clothesline also have disadvantages compared to automated
airer. The disadvantages is this clothesline only use fully UV light and fan to dry
clothes while automated airer use natural air and sun to dry the clothes. Therefore
the usage of electricity in trendy clothesline are more than automated airer.
Figure 2.9
Trendy Clothesline [13]
2.4 Conclusion
Within this chapter, the study of the factor that can cause the formation of rain
was discussed. Then, follow by the technology on the clothesline. There are pros and
cons on the current clothesline but by study on the technology of clothesline that was
introduce, it can give some idea to improve the clothesline to be more low cost and
eco-friendly. For the next chapter, will discuss about the electronic components to be
used for the automated clothesline.
17
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Introduction
This chapter explains the detail methodology in developing automated airer

based on ambient parameter measurement. This will involve brief methodology on
obtaining the rain data as well as the fabrication of the prototype.
3.2
Project Flow
Organization of a project is very important in order to create the superior

outcome. The detail process flow is shown Figure 3.1.
18
Start
Literature review
Investigate the correlation of rain based
on temperature behavior
Proposed designed of automated airer
Develop the system

Hardware
Sensor
Motor
YES
NO
Test using the data

bank, is it function
as expected?
End
Figure 3.1
Process flow of the project
Prior to the fabrication process, it is necessary to understand the current

technology in airer. This can be achieved by conducting literature review which is
explained in Chapter 2. Then, follows with the correlation studies between rain and
temperature.
After that, the design of automated airer is propose. The automated airer has
specific chamber because it use to secure the clothes from wet during the rainy day.
19
Its mean the automated airer will move to the specific chamber when the temperature
sensor detect the hint of rain or the water sensor detect the drop of rain water. The
water sensor uses to support the temperature sensor if in any case the temperature
sensor unable to detect any temperature drop as stated in Chapter 4, water sensor will
sense any water droplets that shows raining. Then, within ten minutes the water sensor
did not detect any drop of water, the automated airer will move out from the specific
chamber and dry the clothes naturally.
Next, the hardware system was develop by using sensor and motor. In the next
subtopic which is electronic development will discussed the details of electronic
components that has been used.
After the system was complete, the system will test using the temperature
factor of rain. If the system functions as expected, it will end the project, but if the
system cannot functioning well it troubleshoot at the hardware development.
3.3
System Architecture
Figure 3.2 shows the architecture of the automated airer based on ambient
parameter measurement.
An automated airer systems consist of five primary
components to develop it which is water sensor, temperature sensor, DC gear motor,

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen, and Arduino. For the electronic design, it is
equivalent to human body system whereby the microcontroller which is an Arduino,
the brain of the whole system. Water sensor is use to detect rain while temperature
sensor is use to detect environmental temperature and power supply as the heart to
work the system. Other components such as DC gear motors and LCD screen are
placed to complete the system.
By using water sensor and temperature sensor as the input of the device, the
Arduino will give two outputs which is the motor will move the clothesline forward
and backward and the display of current temperature on the LCD screen.
20
Figure 3.2
3.4
Architecture of the System [14]
Electronic Development
This section describes the electrical circuitry for an automated airer based on
ambient parameter measurement system. Microcontroller and interfacing circuit are
the part of electrical circuit system for this project.
3.4.1
Microcontroller
Arduino UNO has been used in this project as the main board for controlling
purposed. Arduino known as a microcontroller module for developing a prototyping
because of its simplicity, flexibility and open source library, reduce development time
and all essential circuits have already built inside the module. The microcontroller on
the board is programmed using the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring)
and the Arduino development environment (based on Processing). The main program
of the automated airer based on ambient parameter measurement will be uploaded to
21
Arduino UNO. Figure 3.3 (a) shows Arduino UNO as a microcontroller and Figure
3.3 (b) shows the name of every pins in Arduino UNO.
Figure 3.3 (a) Arduino UNO as a

microcontroller
Figure 3.3 (b) Name of every pins in

Arduino UNO
Arduino UNO can convert from analog input to digital output [15]. Since this
project uses 12 digital input/output pins and three analog input pins, it is partially
utilize the digital and analog pins in Arduino UNO. Table 3.1 shows the pin was used
in Arduino UNO in developing this project. Table 3.2 shows the detail specification
of the Arduino UNO R3 Microcontroller.
Table 3.1
The uses pin in Arduino UNO
Electronic Components
Liquid crystal display (LCD)
Rocker switch
Water sensor module
Fans
Lamps
DC gear motor
Temperature sensor
Timer circuit
Table 3.2
Arduino Pin
Digital pin 0 to 5
Digital pin 6
Digital pin 7
Digital pin 8
Digital pin 9
Digital pin 10 and 11
Analog pin 3
Analog pin 4 and 5
Arduino UNO specification [16]
22
Microcontroller
ATmega328
Operating Voltage
5V
Input Voltage (recommended)
7-12V
Input Voltage (limits)
6-20V
Digital I/O Pins
14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins
DC Current per I/O Pin
40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin
50 mA
32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5

KB used by boot loader
SRAM
2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM
1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed
16 MHz
Flash Memory
3.4.2
DC Gear Motor
Industrial applications, robotic manipulators and appliances that require

control of motor speed and position use DC motors [17]. DC gear motor used to
actuate the movement of automated airer. The direction and speed of the motor will
be controlled using a motor driver and the motor driver is controlled by
Microcontroller. The DC gear motor used in this project design is to move the
clothesline forward and backward from the specific chamber. Figure 3.4 shows the
circuit for motor driver to connect the DC gear motor and Arduino UNO.
23
Figure 3.4
Motor driver circuit
The specification for the DC motor as showed in Table 3.3.
Table 3.3
Specifications of DC Gear motor [18]
Rated voltage
No load speed
No load current
Rated torque
Rated current
Rated speed
Stall torque
Stall current
3.4.3
LCD Screen
12VDC
7000 r/m
70mA
5.88mN.m
410mA
5200 r/m
23.5mN.m
1A
24
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen is an electronic display module and was
utilized as a medium for the system to communicate with user and to monitor the
system. Hence, to inform or tell the user about the status of the system, the LCD was
used because LCD act as an output monitor.
This project used the LCD is to show the time and current temperature as the
output. In this project, a 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 column by 2 rows
characters used as an LCD of choice. The LCD has 16 pins which consist of power
supply pin, data pin, the enable pin, backlight pin and contrast pin. Figure 3.5 shows
hardware connection between LCD and Arduino UNO.
Figure 3.5
3.4.4
Hardware connection between LCD and Arduino UNO
Temperature Sensor
National Semiconductor was design an integrated circuit temperature sensor

which is LM35. This temperature sensor use to detect the environmental temperature
to show the hint of rain. It has wider range of linear working and higher precision.
The output voltage LM35 linear proportional Celsius temperature[19], at ordinary
temperatures, it can provide 1/4C common precision of room temperature without
25
need additional calibration or fine-tune. The test used LM35DZ-92 type temperature
sensor with plastic packaging [20]. Table 3.4 shows the specification of temperature
sensor. The hardware connection of temperature sensor and Arduino UNO was shown
in Figure 3.6.
Table 3.4
Specifications of temperature sensor[21]
Microcontroller
ATmega328
Working voltage
dc 4 ~ 30V
Working current
less than 133 A
Output voltage
+ 6V 1.0V
Output impedance
1mA load 0.1^2
Measuring precision
0.5 C (in + 25 C)
Leak current
less than 60 A
Scale factor
linear + 10.0 mV / C
Nonlinear value
1/4 C
use directly Celsius temperature

calibration
Measuring temperature range
0 ~ 100 C
Accuracy guarantee able (at

+25C)
0.5C
Calibration means
26
Figure 3.6
Hardware connection between temperature sensor, LM35DZ and

Arduino UNO [20]
3.4.5
Water Sensor
Figure 3.7 (a) shows the rain sensor module. Rain sensor module is low cost
rain detector which can be used to detect water or rainfall [22]. It comes in two parts,
the sensor plate and the sensor module board. The sensor plate has two printed circuit
board (PCB) tracks which routed parallel surrounding it.
These tracks are not
connected, but when rain drop to the surface of the plate and changes the resistance
between the tracks because rain is conductive, this further reduces the resistance
between these two tracks. More rain touches the plate, resistance becomes lower. The
rain module comes with a comparator and adjustable potentiometer for user to adjust
the threshold to toggle digital output. This rain module can use the digital or analog
output. Rain module use power supply between 3.3V to 5V DC. The hardware
connection between rain sensor module and Arduino UNO was shown in Figure 3.7
(b).
27
Figure 3.7 (a)
Figure 3.7 (b)
Rain sensor module
Hardware connection between rain sensor module and

Arduino UNO [23]
3.4.6
Fans and Lamps
Figure 3.8 and Figure 3.9 shows fans and lamps (LED light emitting diode)
that use in this project. It use to dry the clothes continuously even though it become
28
rainy day. It give air flow to prevent the clothes from unwanted smells. When the
airer move into the specific chamber fans and lamps will turn ON. That is mean the
weather become rainy. When the clothes are dry naturally at outside, fans and lamps
will automatically turn OFF. Relay circuit are used to connect the hardware of fans
and lamps as shown in Figure 3.10. Both use 12V as a supply to on fans and lamps.
Figure 3.8
Prototype of cooling
Figure 3.9
fans
Prototype of lamps
(LED)
Figure 3.10
Relay circuit
29
3.4.7
Power Source
The power supply is important in every system to operate the electronic circuit.
In choosing right power supply is very important, because if the power supply give to
the circuit is less than the required, the system will not operate. For this product,
switching power supply was use as a power source. The output voltage of this source
is 12V. Figure 3.11 shows the switching power supply as a power supply.
Figure 3.11
3.5
Software Development
3.5.1
Software Design
30
Clothesline in chamber
Curtain close
Lamp and fan off
Rocker switch on and timer

YES
between 7.00 a.m. 6.30 p.m.
NO
YES
Curtain open
Clothesline move forward
NO
At 7.00 a.m. 10.30 a.m. when

temperature 24.6C
At 10.31 a.m. 11.59 a.m. when
temperature 26.2C
At 12.00 p.m. 3.00 p.m. when
temperature 27.5C
At 3.01 p.m. 3.59 p.m. when
temperature 26.8C
At 4.00 p.m. 5.00 p.m. when
temperature 24.4C
At 5.01 p.m. 6.30 p.m. when
temperature 26.2C
Or
water sensor detect water
31
A
YES
Clothesline move backward
Curtain close
Fan and lamp on
Water sensor not detect

water in 10 minutes
YES
NO
YES
Fan and lamp off
Figure 3.12
Software architecture for automated airer based on ambient

parameter measurement
Automated airer system is develop to help women workers manage their

laundry time easily. By using this automated airer that consists temperature sensor to
measure the environmental temperature. The value was measured will show in the
LCD display. When the value temperature meet the specific condition or water sensor
detect drops of water, it will trigger the motor to move the clothesline into specific
chamber. Then, fans and lamps will turn ON to continue dry the clothes. When the
water sensor did not detect water within 10 minutes the clothesline will move outside
to dry the clothes naturally. Fans and lamps will automatically turn OFF. Figure 3.12
shows the overall software architecture.
3.5.2
The Arduino IDE Software
32
There are many aspect that contains in Arduino IDE which is text editor for
code sketching, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common
functions, and a series of menus. File extension .ino or .pde is file type which
sketches will be saved. In the message area, will be display saving, exporting, and
errors as a feedback message. Besides that, console displays text output by the
Arduino environment including error message and other information. Moreover, to
verify and upload programs, create, open, save sketches, and open the serial monitor
just click on the toolbar buttons. Before uploading the sketch, user need to ensure that
correct items such as the serial port and Arduino boards have been selected. Arduino
boot loader is used when uploading a sketch, which is a small program has been loaded
in the microcontroller.
After done developing the hardware implementation, Arduino IDE software

will use to program the microcontroller and the specific input condition to run the
motor driver. Figure 3.13 shows an Arduino IDE software for programming.
Figure 3.13
Arduino IDE software for programming
33
3.6
Product Testing
The function of this part is to determine the product functionality and

reliability. Several testing was conducted in this project to make sure the project is
function properly and safety to the users. Before the circuit is powered up testing the
fabrication of the electronics circuit and the circuit already soldered is needed to
prevent the circuit from short circuit or defect while in fabricating it. There will be a
risk if the circuit is not tested and can cause damaging on the microcontroller or other
essential part of the system.
3.7
First Prototype
The product presentation is important because it can give first impression of

the product. Before talk about price the first thing user will look on the safety of the
device and the ergonomics value of the device. The product presentation in this project
will be not be as interesting as if commercially manufacture because it still on the
prototype mode.
3.8
Conclusion
Within this chapter, the methodology of this project was presented. First stage
of this project need special and specific planning. The follow by literature review to
know the specification of others product. The design of the system is second stage.
During this stage the requirement and the specification of the electronic component
must be chosen properly. The smallest details regarding the power distribution, the
processor, the circuit reliability and others have taken care in this project to make the
project successful. Next step will be follow by coding and troubleshooting. Coding
is done to make the system follow the requirement. In chapter 4, the results on the
performance of the system based on ambient parameter measurement will be discussed
in details.
34
CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1
Introduction
This chapter shows all the results obtained from the project of an automated
airer based on ambient parameter measurement. In this part, the results will divide
into two part which is the result of investigation of temperature factor before rain and
the prototype of automated airer performance based on the investigation.
4.2
Correlation Study on the Relation of Temperature and Rain
There are several factors will change upon raining [7]. These factors are
reviewed in detailed in Chapter 2. In this project, the relation of temperature behavior
towards will be investigated. Rain data for 5 months, which is from May 2013 to
September 2013 are analyzed in details, focusing on temperature behavior before rain.
The data bank of rain was collected and obtained from Assoc. Dr. Jafri Din and Dr.
Lam Hong Yin under project Satellite Site Diversity System Prediction from Weather
Radar Network. This ongoing experiment is currently being conducted at P18,
Automatic Weather Station. The changes of data was tabulated for every minute.
Figure 4.1 shows the sample of data tabulated for every minute presented using
Microsoft Excel.
35
Figure 4.1
Sample of data tabulated for every minute by using Microsoft Excel
After the data was collected, the investigation on temperature behavior was
performed by plotting it using Microsoft Excel.
Figure 4.2 (a) shows graph of three hours before rain. The graph is the sample
of rainy at evening, around 3.47 p.m. Every graphs were plotted in the period of one
hour. While Figure 4.2 (b) shows graph of two hours before rain.
36
34.5
temperature(C)
34
33.5
33
32.5
32
31.5
13:45
13:42
13:39
13:36
13:33
13:30
13:27
13:24
13:21
13:18
13:15
13:12
13:09
13:06
13:03
13:00
12:56
12:53
12:50
12:47
31
time(min)
Figure 4.2 (a)
Temperature graph of three hours before rain
35.5
temperature(C)
35
34.5
34
33.5
33
32.5
14:44
14:41
14:38
14:35
14:32
14:29
14:26
14:23
14:20
14:17
14:14
14:11
14:08
14:05
14:02
13:59
13:56
13:53
13:50
13:47
32
time(min)
Figure 4.2 (b)
Temperature graph of two hours before rain
Figure 4.2 (c) shows one hour before rain and the temperature slightly
decrease. At the beginning of the period within one hour rain the graph in Figure 4.2
(d) shows it started rain at 15.47 p.m. Then, continue with next hours of rain graph
as shown in Figure 4.2 (e) and the temperature continue drop.
Figure 4.2 (d)

temp
Series1
time(min)
rain
Series2
Temperature graph within one hour rain

16:44
16:41
16:38
16:35
16:32
16:29
16:26
16:23
16:20
16:17
16:14
16:11
16:08
Figure 4.2 (c)
16:05
16:02
15:59
15:56
15:53
15:50
15:47
temperature(C)
15:44
15:41
15:38
15:35
15:32
15:29
15:26
15:23
15:20
15:17
15:14
15:11
15:08
15:05
15:02
14:59
14:56
14:53
14:50
14:47
temperature(C)
37
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
time(min)
Temperature graph of one hour before rain
30
25
20
15
10
38
Temperature(C)
25
20
15
10
5
17:44
17:41
17:38
17:35
17:32
17:29
17:26
17:23
17:20
17:17
17:14
17:11
17:08
17:05
17:02
16:59
16:56
16:53
16:50
16:47
time(min)
Series1
temp
rain
Series2
Figure 4.2 (e): Temperature graph within two hours rain
Next, Table 4.1 shows the summary of all graph for three hours before rain.
The temperature for three and two hours before rain did not show any pattern because
the temperature are fluctuate. Then, follow by one hours before start rain it give a
trend which is temperature became drop. Next, for 30 minutes and 20 minutes before
it start rain it shows the temperature changes are slightly decrease. And for the last 10
minutes before rain the temperature was significantly decrease.
Table 4.1
Summary of three hours before rain
Time
Changes for temperature
Temperature range
3 hours
2 hours
1 hours
30 minutes
20 minutes
No trend
No trend
Have trend
Slightly decrease
Slightly decrease
32.22 C - 34.25 C
33.10 C - 34.96 C
35.12 C - 28.09 C
32.82 C 27.13 C
30.90 C - 27.13 C
10 minutes
Significantly decrease
30.14 C - 27.13 C
Next, the investigation was details on the 30 minutes before rain because at the
previous investigation its show some trend which is easy to analyze. In this part
39
investigation, time duration of rain temperature were stress. That is means the
temperature was analyze based on time of rain.
Figure 4.3 (a) shows the temperature changes for 30 minutes before rain in the
afternoon started at 12.08 p.m. Then, follow by Figure 4.3 (b) for 20 minutes before
rain. At the end of the graph at 12.37 p.m. in Figure 4.3 (c) shows the weather become
rainy and the temperature shows 27.407 C as a reference. From the three figure shows
that there are some temperature drop before rain.
28.25
28.221
28.2
Temperature(C)
28.15
28.147
28.147
28.147
28.122
28.1
28.097
28.072
28.05
28.023
28
27.95
27.949 27.949
27.9
27.85
27.8
1
12:08
2
12:09
Figure 4.3 (a)
3
4
5
6
12:12
12:13
12:10
12:11
Time(min)
7
8
12:14
12:15
9
12:16
10
12:17
40
28
27.98
27.974
27.974
27.96
Tempearture(C)
27.94
27.949
27.949
27.924
27.92
27.9
27.899
27.899
27.899
27.88
27.875
27.86
27.85
27.84
27.82
27.8
27.78
1
12:18
2
3
12:19
12:20
4
12:21
5
12:22
12:23
7
8
12:25
12:24
9
12:26
10
12:27
Time(min)
Figure 4.3 (b)
28
27.9
27.924
27.924
27.949
27.949
27.875
Temperature(C)
27.8
27.825
27.751
27.7
27.653
27.6
27.5
27.481
27.407
27.4
27.3
27.2
27.1
1
12:28
2
12:29
3
12:30
4
5
12:31
12:32
6
12:33
7
12:34
8
12:35
9
12:36
10
12:37
Time(min)
Figure 4.3 (c)
Figure 4.4 (a) shows the temperature changes for 30 minutes before rain in the
morning started at 9.45 a.m. and follow by Figure 4.4 (b) as temperature drop 20
minutes before rain. At the end of the graph at 10.13 a.m. in figure 4.4 (c) the weather
become rainy and the temperature shows 27.515 C as a reference
41
27
26.891
26.8
26.769 26.793
26.695
26.6
26.573
Temperature(C)
26.475
26.4
26.402 26.426
26.353
26.231
26.2
26
25.8
1
2
9:46
9:45
3
9:47
4
9:48
5
9:49
6
9:50
7
9:51
8
9:52
9
9:53
10
9:53
Time(min)
Figure 4.4 (a)
26.4
26.2
26.182
26.061
Temperature(C)
26
25.914 25.89 25.866

25.841
25.8
25.647
25.6
25.4
25.404
25.283
25.2
25.137
25
24.8
24.6
1
9:54
2
9:55
3
9:56
4
9:57
5
9:58
6
7
8
9:59
10:00
10:01
9
10:02
10
10:03
Time(min)
Figure 4.4 (b)
42
25.2
Temperature(C)
25
24.8
25.016
24.871
24.75
24.6
24.702
24.629
24.581
24.4
24.508
24.436
24.388
24.315
24.2
24
23.8
1
2
3
4
5
10:04
10:05
10:06
10:07
10:08
6
7
8
9
10
10:11
10:13
10:10
10:12
10:09
Time(min)
Figure 4.4 (c)
From the five months data, based on investigation was conducted it can be
conclude that every range of time it has a value of temperature as a reference before
its rain as shown in Table 4.2 and Figure 4.5. In this experiment the time range was
divide into six phase. For first phase, is around 7.00 a.m. 10.30 a.m. and the
reference temperature is less than and equal to 24.6C. Follow by second phase which
is at 10.31 a.m. 11.59 a.m. the reference temperature is less than and equal to 26.2C.
Then, for third phase is at 12.00 p.m. 3.00 p.m. the reference temperature is less than
and equal to 27.5C. Next, follow by 3.01 p.m. 3.59 p.m. and the reference
temperature is less than and equal to 26.8C as a fourth phase. Fifth phase is between
4.00 p.m. 5.00 p.m. and the reference temperature is less than and equal to 24.4C.
Lastly, sixth phase is between 5.01 p.m. 6.30 p.m. the reference temperature is less
than and equal to 26.2C.
43
29
Temperature,(C)
28
27
26
25
24
23
0
7.00
510.30
10
12.00
Phase 1 Phase 2
Figure 4.5
Table 4.2
Phase
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.3
15
Time (min)
Phase 3
20
3.00
5.00
4.00 25
30
6.30
0
Phase 4 Phase 5 Phase 6
Summary of five months of rain
Summary of temperature reference
Time
07.00 a.m. 10.30 a.m.
10.31 a.m. 11.59 a.m.
12.00 p.m. 03.00 p.m.
03.01 p.m. 03.59 p.m.
04.00 p.m. 05.00 p.m.
05.01 p.m. 06.30 p.m.
Temperature reference
24.6C
26.2C
27.5C
26.8C
24.4C
26.2C
Programming
Software programming has been successfully tested on the hardware of

automated airer based on ambient parameter measurement system.
After the
compilation of C language in Arduino IDE Software, then implement the algorithm

into the system. The results can be viewed on the operation of the system. Automated
airer based on ambient parameter measurement coding are available in the Appendix
A.
44
4.3.1
Programming Implementation
Programming implementation is to test the automated airer are functioning

based on the investigation of temperature behavior. When the rocker switch is turn
ON the system will check the temperature. The current temperature and time will
display on the LCD display. If the time between 7.00 a.m. to 6.30 p.m. the automated
airer will operate based on the investigation was carried out. This system have two
input which is temperature sensor and water sensor. If the any one of the input meet
the condition the automated airer will retrieve the clothesline into the specific chamber.
Then, the fans and lamps will turn ON. Then, if any one of the input did not meet the
condition the clothesline will stay outside and the lamps and fans will turn OFF.
4.4
Final Integration Result
First case is at 3.18 p.m., the temperature sensor shows in Figure 4.6 (a) the
current temperature which is 29.7C. This means, it did not meet the condition in
phase 4 which is the temperature must less than and equal to 26.8C to make the
clothesline move into the specific chamber. Besides that, Figure 4.6 (b), the water
sensor also did not detect any drops of water. Therefore, the automated airer will stay
outside and dry the clothes naturally as shown in Figure 4.6 (c).
Figure 4.6 (a)
LCD display current
temperature and time
Figure 4.6 (b)
Water sensor did
not detect any drops of water
45
Figure 4.6 (c)
Clothesline stay outside from the chamber
Figure 4.7 (a) shows the temperature is 24.5C at 10.15 a.m. At this time the
current temperature shows it meet condition in phase one which the reference
temperature is less than and equal to 24.6C. Therefore, the automated airer move into
the specific chamber as shown in Figure 4.7 (b).
Then, fans and lamps will
automatically turn ON, refer to the Figure 4.7 (c).
Figure 4.7 (a)
LCD display current
temperature and time
Figure 4.7 (b)
Clothesline stay inside
the chamber
46
Figure 4.7 (c)
For this case, if the temperature sensor did not meet the condition temperature
reference in any phase but the water sensor detect the drops of water as shown in Figure
4.8 (a). Then, the automated airer also move into the specific chamber and the fans
and lamps will automatically turn ON as shown in Figure 4.8 (b) and Figure 4.8 (c).
Figure 4.8 (a)
Water sensor
detect the drops of water
Figure 4.8 (b)
the chamber
47
Figure 4.8 (c)
For last case is at night as shown in Figure 4.9 (a). If there are clothes on the
clothesline the automated airer will placed the clothes in the chamber and continue dry
the clothes by using fans and lamps as shown in Figure 4.9 (b)..
Figure 4.9 (a)
LCD display current
Figure 4.9 (b)
time and temperature
4.5
the chamber
Conclusion
This chapter discusses about the results of the automated airer as it verify the
investigation of temperature behavior before rain.
The temperature sensor has
analyzed on the environmental temperature. Then, the automated airer was tested for
any of phase and water sensor. The automated airer based on ambient parameter
48
measurement is meet all objectives as stated in Chapter 1. Next chapter will discuss
the overall conclusion of the project to support the objectives.
49
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1
Introduction
This project commenced with aim of developing an automated airer based on

ambient parameter measurement in order to lighten women workers burden about
laundry issues. To accomplish this, the author developed an automated airer based on
ambient parameter measurement. The first prototype of automated airer showed an
excellent performance by following expected flow.
5.2
Conclusion
The author successfully fulfilled the project objectives by developing the

automated airer based on ambient parameter measurement.
From this
accomplishments, the author summarized and listed the outcomes and contributions.
1. The author has investigated in details the basic behavior of rain, such as
temperature using sensor and data bank. The data bank of five months was
investigate in details about hint of rain by using temperature factor. The results
of rain correlation using temperature behavior was conclude in details which is
at certain time it has a temperature references. For first phase, at 7.00 a.m.
10.30 a.m., the temperature reference is 24.6C. Second phase is at 10.31
a.m. 11.59 a.m., the temperature reference is 26.2C. Follow by third phase
is at 12.00 p.m. 3.00 p.m., the temperature reference is 27.5C. Fourth
50
phase is at 3.01 p.m. 3.59 p.m., the temperature reference is 26.8C. Fifth
phase is at 4.00 p.m. .5.00 p.m., the temperature reference is 24.4C and
last phase is at 5.01 p.m. .6.30 p.m., the temperature reference is 26.2C.
2. The automated airer has been successfully developed by using temperature

sensor, water sensor and chamber. The temperature sensor was used to detect
environmental temperature in order to relate to the investigation about hint of
rain by using temperature factor.
So that, the temperature sensor will
automatically trigger the clothesline move into the chamber when it shows the
hint of rain. Moreover, water sensor had been used by the author, is to support
the first factor which is temperature as a weather forecast or known as rain
prediction. Besides that, the chamber had been used as a place to save the
clothes during rainy day.
3. The author also developed the software part in order to make the airer move
automatically to the chamber when temperature factor shows the hint of rain
or when the water sensor detect any drops of water. Then, the automated airer
can operate as expected flow.
Therefore, the aim of this project was achieved which is to lighten the women
workers burden by developing an automated airer based on the ambient parameter
measurement.
5.3
Project Limitation
The limitation of this project is investigation before rain correlation using

temperature factor. The investigation was operated between 7.00 a.m. to 6.30 p.m.
because people normally hang the clothes during that time. The data bank of rain
correlation only around Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Skudai within five
months which is from July 2013 to September 2013. Therefore, the automated airer
only can be use around UTM Skudai because the daqta bank only araund UTM Skudai.
51
5.4
Recommendation
Throughout the course of this project, several areas of interest, which have
tremendous research potential have been identified by the author. These areas are as
follow:
1. Since in this project, only one factor is considered it is suggested to add another
factors of investigation that affected by the rain.
Other factors is wind
direction, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. Hence, the prediction

of rain will more accurate based on many factor are consider.
2. Besides that, the improvement for future work is automated airer can use at
other places, not only in UTM Skudai. Other than that, the investigation of
rain correlation can be wider to other area or region. Since number of women
workers in major city is increasing annually, therefore it is suggested to focus
on rain data in several major city such as Selangor, Pulau Pinang Melaka and
Perak. Figure 5.1 shows the major city in Malaysia.
Figure 5.1
Major city in Malaysia
3. For software part, the improvement that can be included in future work is the
users get information about weather changes and the automated airer operation
52
via short message service (SMS). Figure 5.2 shows the users can get update
the weather changes via SMS.
Figure 5.2
Weather changes send via SMS
53
CHAPTER 6
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
6.1
Introduction
Project management is regularly related to designing activities, which

ordinarily have a complex set of segments that must be finished and assembled to
develop a functioning product. Hence, to achieve the project goals the application of
processes, methods, knowledge, skills and experience are needed. In order to provide
a clear guideline or workflow, Gantt chart has been used as a project schedule to make
sure the task must be completed within the time [24].
Next, to keep the project achieve the required requirement and to ensure
minimal project cost, the cost estimation on the all components must be performed
neatly. Before tabulated final cost, market survey on the component cost must be
carried out to get better electronics suppliers.
6.2
Project Planning
The real process for final year project one (FYP1) is to study or research the
background of project, electronic components to be used in develop the system and the
impact of the system to the society such as society needs and benefits as shown in
Table 6.1.
54
In study the project background, several steps was taken in order to get fully
understand about the project, which is the research was carried out by reading research
paper on related product and scientific journal about rain formation, women workers
and others. Through internet search, there are many teaching and learning process
about the software development.
The current technology about the clothesline was search via web. There is a
lot of current clothesline which is can compared to improve understanding on the
project. Hence, from there many ideas can come out to fulfill the needs, objectives
and scope of the automated airer based on ambient parameter measurement.
Table 6.1
Project Gantt chart for Final Year Project One (FYP1)
Project Gantt chart for Final Year Project Two (FYP2) was shown in Table 6.2.
For this semester, fabrication on the project prototype was develop which is for
hardware and software. For first two weeks the design for automated airer was
proposed to the supervisor, then the design was fabricate. Through second semester,
the time more spend on fabricating, testing and improvement the system.
55
Table 6.2
6.3
Project Gantt chart for Final Year Project Two (FYP2)
Cost Estimation
In this part, Table 6.3 will explain the details about cost estimation for
hardware and electronic components that are used in developing the project system.
Below are details about the cost estimation for overall system.
Table 6.3
ITEM
Hardware
Clothesline
Chamber
Coupler motor
Electronic components
Arduino UNO starter kit
Temperature sensor
Cost estimation for the system
UNIT
COST(RM)
1
1
2
Subtotal
90.00
80.00
40.00
RM 210.00
1
1
1
80.00
70.00
8.00
56
ITEM
Rain sensor module
Donut Board
LCD display
Timer
IC DS1370 & holder
Quartz crystal H490-RTC
Cell battery CR 2032 & holder
Motor Driver
DC geared motor SPG30-30K
Relay 12V
Diode IN4007
2N222\BC548
Push button
Resistor 10K
Terminal block
Micro switch(long lever)
Fans and Lamps
Fans
Lamps(LED super bright 5mm blue)
Resistor 430
Relay 12V
Diode IN4007
Push button
Resistor 10K
2N222\BC548
Terminal block
Main Switch
Rocker switch-small 2 pins Red
Terminal block
Resistor 10K
6.4
Conclusion
UNIT
1
1
1
Subtotal
COST(RM)
13.00
3.80
15.00
RM 189.80
1
1
1
Subtotal
8.20
2.00
6.50
RM 16.70
2
2
6
2
2
2
2
4
Subtotal
96.00
From FKE store
From FKE store
From FKE store
From FKE store
From FKE store
1.40
14.00
RM 111.40
2
5
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
Subtotal
10.00
1.50
From FKE store
From FKE store
From FKE store
From FKE store
From FKE store
From FKE store
1.40
RM 12.90
1
1
1
Subtotal
1.60
0.70
From FKE store
RM 2.30
57
In the nutshell, to achieve the objective and to fulfill the user needs all the
factors such as cost estimation and project schedule must be consider before develop
a system, because user will focus on the cost of product and the benefit of product to
the users.
58
REFERENCES
1.
55% of women expected to be in workforce by 2015, 2013. [Online].

Available: http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2012/10/05/55-ofwomen-expected-to-be-in-workforce-by-2015.aspx.
[2]
Z. M. Zain, N. Tukiman, and R. a. Karim, Women-owned SMEs in Malaysia:

Problems and challenges, 2012 IEEE Symp. Humanit. Sci. Eng. Res., pp.
12111215, Jun. 2012.
[3]
I. Y. Md Yusoff, Z. A. Kassim, and N. Seenivasa, Perceived barriers for

womens career progression and its impact towards job performance in
multinational companies in Malaysia, 2011 IEEE Symp. Business, Eng. Ind.
Appl., pp. 363367, Sep. 2011.
[4]
A. R. Zainal, I. A. Glover, and P. A. Watson, R p ** * , IEEE vol. 1, no. D.
5.
P. Leong, The Economic Impacts of Migrant Maids in Malaysia, 1994.
6.
S. P. JEE, Maid problem plagues Malaysia, 2012. [Online]. Available:

www.mysinchew.com/node/81086.
[7]
I. S. Isa, S. Omar, Z. Saad, N. M. Noor, and M. K. Osman, Weather

Forecasting Using Photovoltaic System and Neural Network, IEEE no.
August 2009, 2010.
[8]
A. Overview, Review of Rain Attenuation Studies in Tropical and Equatorial

Regions in Malaysia:, IEEE vol. 55, no. 1, 2013.
[9]
T. Wardah, a. a. Kamil, a. B. Sahol Hamid, and W. W. . Maisarah, Statistical

verification of numerical weather prediction models for quantitative
precipitation forecast, 2011 IEEE Colloq. Humanit. Sci. Eng., no. Chuser,
pp. 8892, Dec. 2011.
10.
Mrs Peggs Handy Line Clotheslines, 2014. [Online]. Available:

http://www.mrspeggshandyline.com.au/.
11.
Clothesline Covers Clevacover. [Online]. Available:

http://www.clevacover.com.au/.
12.
CleverCloseLine. [Online]. Available: http://www.clevercloseline.com/.
59
13.
TRENDY Clothesline, 2013. [Online]. Available:

http://www.trendyclothesline.com.au/.
[14] C. Lee, L. Chen, K. Jheng, J. Pan, Y. Su, and A. M. D. Board, An Automatic

Window Washer, IEEE pp. 68, 2012.
[15] G. Gpresc, Development of a Low-Cost System for Temperature
Monitoring, IEEE pp. 340343, 2013.
[16] R. W. Fransiska, E. M. P. Septia, W. K. Vessabhu, W. Frans, and W.
Abednego, Electrical power measurement using Arduino Uno
microcontroller and LabVIEW, IEEE 2013 3rd Int. Conf. Instrumentation,
Commun. Inf. Technol. Biomed. Eng., pp. 226229, Nov. 2013.
[17] F. Aguilar-Acevedo and V. Granados Alejo, Using open-source platform for
trajectory control of DC motors, 2013 IEEE Int. Autumn Meet. Power
Electron. Comput., pp. 15, Nov. 2013.
18.
G30 Series. p. 60.
19
O. Access and I. Mohamed, UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

DECLARATION OF THESIS / UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT PAPER AND
COPYRIGHT Date, 2013.
20
G. Description, LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors Precision

Centigrade Temperature Sensors, no. July. 1999.
[21] C. Liu, W. Ren, B. Zhang, and C. Lv, The application of soil temperature
measurement by LM35 temperature sensors, IEEE pp. 18251828, 2011.
[22] M. Ieee and C. Engineering, A Novel and Cost Effective Resistive Rain
Sensor for Automatic Wiper Control: Circuit Modelling and Implementation,
IEEE pp. 4045, 2013.
23
T. O. E. Getting, S. Guide, and R. S. Module, Getting Started Guide Rain

Sensor Module GETTING STARTED, no. March. pp. 19, 2014.
24
Jack R. Meredith, Samuel J. Mantel Jr. (2010). Project Management: A

Managerial Approach. (7th Edition). John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2009
60
APPENDIX A
Automated Airer Based on Ambient Parameter Measurement Full Coding
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include "RTClib.h"
RTC_DS1307 rtc;
const int motor1L = 11;
const int motor1R = 10;
const int motor2L = 12;
const int motor2R = 13;
const int fan = 8;
const int lamp = 9;
const int rockerswitch = 6;
const int rain = 7;
const int Temp_Pin = A3;
LiquidCrystal lcd(5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0);
int temperature = 0;
int RainValue;
void setup ()
{
//Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
/*
#ifdef AVR
Wire.begin();
#else
Wire1.begin(); // Shield I2C pins connect to alt I2C bus on Arduino Due
#endif
rtc.begin();
if (! rtc.isrunning())
{
rtc.adjust(DateTime(__DATE__, __TIME__));
61
}
*/
//Serial.println("rainValue");
pinMode (motor1L, OUTPUT);
pinMode (motor1R, OUTPUT);
pinMode (motor2L, OUTPUT);
pinMode (motor2R, OUTPUT);
pinMode (lamp, OUTPUT);
pinMode (fan,OUTPUT);
pinMode (rockerswitch, INPUT);
pinMode (rain, INPUT);
pinMode (temperature, INPUT);
lcd.clear();
}
void loop ()
{
DateTime now = rtc.now();
int RS = digitalRead(rockerswitch);
if ( (RS == 0) && (now.hour() >= 0x07) && (now.hour() <= 0x12) ) // switch ON
{
lcd.setCursor(13,0);
lcd.print("1 ");
if ( (now.hour() == 0x12) && (now.minute() <= 0x1E) )
{
OPERATION();
}
else
{
OPERATION();
}
}
else if ( (RS == 0) && (now.hour() > 0x12) )
{
lcd.print("2 ");
ClotheslineBackward();
Fan_and_LampOn();
}
else if (RS == 1) // switch OFF
{
lcd.print("3 ");
NOT_OPERATE();
62
}
DISPLAY_INFORMATION();
DISPLAY_CLOCK();
delay(500);
}
void DISPLAY_INFORMATION(void)
{
temperature = get_temperature(); //get the temperature
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("TEMP(C) :");
lcd.setCursor(10,1); //set the cursor at 1st position of the 2nd line
lcd.print(temperature/10,DEC); //Starting from position of cursor, print the round
number part of temperature as decimal on LCD
lcd.print('.');
lcd.print(temperature%10,DEC); //print the decimal part of temperature as decimal
on LCD
}
void DISPLAY_CLOCK(void)
{
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("
");
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(now.hour(), DEC);
lcd.print(':');
lcd.print(now.minute(), DEC);
lcd.print(':');
lcd.print(now.second(), DEC);
}
void OPERATION(void)
{
RainValue = digitalRead(rain);
temperature = get_temperature(); //get the temperature
if((now.hour() >= 0x07) && (now.hour() <= 0x0A) && temperature <= 24.6 )
{
if( (now.hour() == 0x0A) && (now.minute() <= 0x1E) )
{
//CurtainClose();
Fan_and_LampOn();
}
else if ( (now.hour() == 0x0A) && (now.minute() > 0x1E) )
63
{
//TODO : NOP
}
else
{
//CurtainClose();
Fan_and_LampOn();
}
}
else if((now.hour() >= 0x0A) && (now.hour() <= 0x0B) && temperature <= 26.2)
{
if( (now.hour() == 0x0A) && (now.minute() >= 0x1F) )
{
//CurtainClose();
Fan_and_LampOn();
}
else if ( (now.hour() == 0x0A) && (now.minute() < 0x1F) )
{
//TODO
}
else if( (now.hour() == 0x0B) && (now.minute() <= 0x3B) )
{
//CurtainClose();
Fan_and_LampOn();
}
else if ( (now.hour() == 0x0B) && (now.minute() > 0x3B) )
{
//TODO
}
else
{
//CurtainClose();
Fan_and_LampOn();
}
}
else if((now.hour() >= 0x0C) && (now.hour() <= 0x0F) && temperature <= 27.5 )
{
//CurtainClose();
Fan_and_LampOn();
}
else if((now.hour() == 0x0F) && temperature <= 26.8)
{
64
if( (now.hour() == 0x0F) && (now.minute() >= 0x01) )
{
//CurtainClose();
Fan_and_LampOn();
}
else if ( (now.hour() == 0x0F) && (now.minute() < 0x01) )
{
//TODO
}
else if( (now.hour() == 0x0F) && (now.minute() <= 0x3B) )
{
//CurtainClose();
Fan_and_LampOn();
}
else if ( (now.hour() == 0x0F) && (now.minute() > 0x3B) )
{
//TODO
}
else
{
//CurtainClose();
Fan_and_LampOn();
}
}
else if((now.hour() >= 0x10) && (now.hour() <= 0x11) && temperature <= 24.4)
{
//CurtainClose();
Fan_and_LampOn();
}
else if((now.hour() >= 0x11) && (now.hour() <= 0x12) && temperature <= 26.2)
{
if( (now.hour() == 0x11) && (now.minute() >= 0x01) )
{
//CurtainClose();
Fan_and_LampOn();
}
else if ( (now.hour() == 0x11) && (now.minute() < 0x01) )
{
//TODO
}
else if( (now.hour() == 0x12) && (now.minute() <= 0x1E) )
{
//CurtainClose();
Fan_and_LampOn();
65
}
else if ( (now.hour() == 0x12) && (now.minute() > 0x1E) )
{
//TODO
}
else
{
//CurtainClose();
Fan_and_LampOn();
}
}
else if (RainValue == 1) //X Hujan
{
Fan_and_LampOff();
ClotheslineForward();
}
else if(RainValue == 0)
{
Fan_and_LampOn();
}
}
void NOT_OPERATE(void)
{
Fan_and_LampOff();
}
void ClotheslineForward(void)
{
digitalWrite (motor1L,HIGH);
digitalWrite (motor1R,LOW);
}
void ClotheslineBackward(void)
{
digitalWrite (motor1L,LOW);
digitalWrite (motor1R,HIGH);
}
void CurtainOpen(void)
{
digitalWrite (motor2L,HIGH);
digitalWrite (motor2R,LOW);
}
void CurtainClose(void)
66
{
digitalWrite (motor2L,LOW);
digitalWrite (motor2R,HIGH);
}
void Fan_and_LampOn (void)
{
digitalWrite(lamp, HIGH);
digitalWrite(fan, HIGH);
}
void Fan_and_LampOff (void)
{
digitalWrite(lamp,LOW);
digitalWrite(fan,LOW);
}
int get_temperature(void)
{
float adc_value = 0; //declare a variable to store ADC value
float total_temperature = 0; //declare a variable to store sum of multiple temperatures
//for average temperature calculation
int average_temperature = 0; //declare a variable to store the average temperature
calculated
for(int count =0; count<100; count++) //obtainning the sum of multiple temperatures
(100 samples in this case)
{
adc_value = analogRead(Temp_Pin); //obtain ADC reading
total_temperature += adc_value/1024*100*5*10; //accumulate the sum of
temperatures untill all samples are taken, same as total_temperature =
total_temperature + adc_value/1024*100*1.1*10;
}
average_temperature = int(total_temperature / 100); //calculate the average
temperature, convert it from float to integer
return average_temperature; //return average temperature to the main
}
/*
if((RainValue == 0)|| (now.hour() >= 0x07) && (now.hour() <= 0x0A) && temprature
<= 24.6)
{
if( (now.hour() == 0x0A) && (now.minute() <= 0x1E) )
{
CurtainClose();
Fan&LampOn();
}
else if ( (now.hour() == 0x0A) && (now.minute() > 0x1E) )
67
{
//TODO : NOP
}
else
{
CurtainClose();
Fan&LampOn();
}
}
else if( (RainValue == 0)||(now.hour() >= 0x0A) && (now.hour() <= 0x0B) &&
temprature <= 26.2)
{
if( (now.hour() == 0x0A) && (now.minute() >= 0x1F) )
{
CurtainClose();
Fan&LampOn();
}
else if ( (now.hour() == 0x0A) && (now.minute() < 0x1F) )
{
//TODO
}
else if( (now.hour() == 0x0B) && (now.minute() <= 0x3B) )
{
CurtainClose();
Fan&LampOn();
}
else if ( (now.hour() == 0x0B) && (now.minute() > 0x3B) )
{
//TODO
}
else
{
CurtainClose();
Fan&LampOn();
}
}
else if((RainValue == 0)|| (now.hour() >= 0x0C) && (now.hour() <= 0x03) &&
temprature <= 27.5)
{
CurtainClose();
Fan&LampOn();
}
68
else if((RainValue == 0)|| (now.hour() >= 0x03) && (now.hour() <= 0x03) &&
temprature <= 26.8)
{
{
CurtainClose();
Fan&LampOn();
}
{
//TODO
}
else if( (now.hour() == 0x03) && (now.minute() <= 0x3B) )
{
CurtainClose();
Fan&LampOn();
}
else if ( (now.hour() == 0x03) && (now.minute() > 0x3B) )
{
//TODO
}
else
{
CurtainClose();
Fan&LampOn();
}
}
else if( (RainValue == 0)||(now.hour() >= 0x04) && (now.hour() <= 0x05) &&
temprature <= 24.4)
{
CurtainClose();
Fan&LampOn();
}
else if( (RainValue == 0)||(now.hour() >= 0x05) && (now.hou()r <= 0x06) &&
temprature <= 26.2)
{
{
CurtainClose();
Fan&LampOn();
}
{
//TODO
}
69
else if( (now.hour() == 0x06) && (now.minute() <= 0x1E) )
{
CurtainClose();
Fan&LampOn();
}
else if ( (now.hour() == 0x06) && (now.minute() > 0x1E) )
{
//TODO
}
else
{
CurtainClose();
Fan&LampOn();
}
}
DateTime now = RTC.now();
Start_M = now.minute();
Finish_M = Start_M + A;
int RainValue = digitalRead(rain);
//Serial.println(rainValue);
if ((RainValue == 1)&& (Finish_M == A)) //X Hujan
{
CurtainOpen();
Fan&LampOff();
ClotheslineForward();
}
else if ((RainValue == 0)&& (Finish_M == A))//Ada Hujan
{
CurtainClose();
Fan&LampOn();
}
}
*/

799 Anisarinabintimatani2014

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PSZ

l9:16 (Pind. l/071

UNIVERSITI IEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT REPORT AND COPYRIGHT

Author's full nome

AI{IS ARINABINTI MAT AhTt

AUTOMATIC AIRER BASED ON AMBIENT PARAMETER

declare ihot this ihesis

CONFIDENIIAI (Contoins confidentiol informotion under the OfficiolSecrel Acl

{Contoins restricted informotion os specified by the orgonizolion

ACCESS logree thot my thesisto be published

os online open occess

ocknowledged thot UnivenitiTeknologi Moloysio reserves the righi os follows:

The thesis h the property of Universili Teknologi Moloysio

Universiti Teknologi Moloysio hos

the right to moke copies for the

purpose of reseorch only.

DR RASHIDAH @ SITI SAEDAH

Dote: 19 JIJNE 2014

Dote: 19 JUNE 2014

"I hereby dedals thu I have

&istrwis rud in my opiuion this thesis is nlfficient in

tenns of scope and quality

ftf thc an'd offte

AUTOMATED AIRER BASED ON AMBIENT PARAMETER MEASUREMENT

ANIS ARINA BINTI MAT ANI

A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the

Faculty of Electrical Engineering

ANIS ARINA BINTI MAT ANI

Dedicated To Abah and Mak:

Mat Ani Bin Jaafar

My appreciation also goes to my family who has been so tolerant and

Pekerja wanita Malaysia sentiasa bekerja sekurang-kurangnya sembilan jam

1.2.1 Women with Profession

1.2.2 Malaysia in Equator Line

1.2.3 Migrant Maids

The Factor Affects the Formation of Rain

Technology on Smart Clothesline

2.3.1 Conventional Clothesline

2.3.2 Mrs Peggs Handy Line

2.3.4 Clever Clothesline

2.3.5 Trendy Clothesline

3.4.2 DC Gear Motor

3.4.3 LCD Screen

3.4.4 Temperature Sensor

3.4.5 Water Sensor

3.4.6 Fans and Lamps

3.4.7 Power Source

3.5.1 Software Design

3.5.2 The Arduino IDE Software

2.2.1 Temperature Affects the Formation of Rain

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Correlation Study on the Relation of Temperature

Final Integration Result

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The uses pin in Arduino UNO

Arduino UNO specification

Specifications of DC gear motor

Specifications of temperature sensor

Summary of three hours before rain

Summary of temperature reference

Project Gantt chart for Final Year Project One (FYP1)

Project Gantt chart for Final Year Project Two (FYP2)