Explain the term October Heat.

Sum up the lesson telling about the climatic contrast

in India.
Assessment
Summative Assessment
The teacher can help the students complete exercises I and II on page 79 orally. The
children can then be asked to write the answers on their own from home.
Formative Assessment
Given below is a list of activities for Formative Assessment. A wide variety of activities
have been given keeping in mind the fact that the students in a classroom have multiple
intelligences. You could use them to assess the understanding of the students either at
the end of the chapter, or at the end of each section.
Map Work: On the outline map of India mark all the features mentioned under this
activity.
Website/Project Work: Complete the activity on page 79.
Analysing Temperature Graphs: Ask the students to complete the activity and display
the same in class.
Make a Model: Ask the students to make the model and display their work in class.
Peer and self-assessment: Use Fill in the blanks, and the MCQs on pages 79 and 80
for peer and self-assessment.
HOTS
The HOTS question can be discussed in class.
Life skills
Ask the students if they have visited old buildings with wide windows and high ceilings. Ask
them to suggest energy saving ways to cut energy costs in their homes.
Value-based question
Ask the students to discuss the answers for the value-based questions.
Follow-up

Every city has a metrological department. Find out what the people who work in this
department do, what devices they use to study the rainfall and temperature of a
place.

Answer key for the exercises in the lesson

Exercises for Summative Assessment
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. Climatically, India falls in the Monsoon Asia
region.
2. The hot, dry and dusty winds that blow in the
Northern Plains in summer are called loo.
3. The onset of monsoon in India is around the
first week of June.

4. Summer is the season of fruits like mango.

II. Answer the following.
1. Define weather. How is it different from
climate?
Weather is the daily state of atmosphere. It
describes the temperature, wind speed and
direction, and the amount of precipitation in
a place on a particular day or over few days.
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Weather
1. Weather is the
daily state of
atmosphere.

Climate
1. Climate refers
to the average
weather conditions
of a place over 30
years.
2. It describes the 2. It refers to the
temperature,
long-term average
wind speed
weather patterns of
and direction,
a region comprising
and the
a very large area.
amount of
precipitation
in a place, on a
particular day
or over few
days.
3. Described
3. Described as
as hot, cold,
equable, extreme,
sunny, cloudy,
tropical, temperate
windy, calm,
etc.
wet, dry, etc.
2. Distinguish between Equable and Extreme
climate.
Equable
Extreme
1. Regions which
1. Regions which are
are neither too
too hot and too
hot nor too
cold i.e. extremes
cold, just warm
of temperature
enough.
prevail.
2. Generally
2. Places
located close
experiencing
to the Sea.
extreme climate
Examples
are land-locked.
Chennai,
Examples Delhi,
Mumbai,
Haryana, Kanpur,
Kolkota etc.
Bhopal etc.
3. How does the climate of a place affect people?
The climate of a region has a strong effect on the
people who live there. Climate controls the soil,
vegetation and animal life of the region. The very
life style of people their food habits, clothing
and types of shelter is determined by the climate
of the place. Climate also influences the natural
resources of a country. This in turn determines
the occupations or the economic activities of
that country.

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4. What factors affect the climate of a place?

There are various factors that affect the climate
of a place. The major ones are:
Latitude
Altitude
Distance from the Sea
Relief (mountains and hills)
Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
Upper air currents
5. What are the four major seasons of India?
In a year, India experiences four major
seasons that follow each other in a cycle.
The Cold Weather Season (December to
February)
The Hot Weather Season (March to May)
The Advancing Monsoon Season (June to
September)
The Retreating Monsoon Season (October
and November)
6. To which climatic region does India belong?
Climatically, India belongs to the Monsoon Asia
Region.
7. Name the winds that provide rainfall to India.
The South-West Monsoon winds bring rain
to almost all parts of India. North-East winds
which are dry winds originating over land
pick up moisture from Bay of Bengal and
provide rain to coastal Tamil Nadu.
8. What is the reason for high moisture content of
the south-west monsoon winds?
The South-West monsoon winds originate
over the sea. They absorb an enormous
amount of moisture as they blow across the
sea.
9. What is October heat?
During the retreating monsoon season
in India, in the Central Highlands and the
Peninsular belt weather conditions become
highly inhospitable as temperature and
humidity simultaneously rise sharply. This
situation is known as October Heat.
10. The climatic contrast of India is striking. Explain?
India is known for its climatic contrast.

 While the Thar in Rajasthan experiences

55 C in summer, Leh in Jammu Kashmir
experiences minus 45 C in winter.
While Mawsynrum and Cherrapunji
record an annual rainfall of over 400cm
the North-West of Rajasthan records
less than 20cm.
All types of precipitations (snow, sleet,
hail, rain, fog, mist, haze and dew) can
be seen in India.

While one region suffers from flood

another region may suffer from draught
at the same time.

Multiple Choice Questions

1.d

2.d

3.a

4.d

5.c

6.c

Value- Based Question

Being compassionate
Showing empathy
Being generous

Answer key for the worksheet

I. 1.d
II.

2. a

3. c

A
Cold Weather
Season
Hot Weather
Season
The Advancing
Monsoon
The Retreating
Monsoon

4. c

5. b

B
December to
February
March to May
June to September
October and
November

III. 1. The Northern Plain experiences cold waves

after spells of snowfall in the Himalayas.
2. India is a vast land stretching from the snowy
mountains of the Himalayas in the north to
the hot coastal areas of the Indian Ocean in
the south. There are arid deserts in the west

and humid tropical climate in the east. Since

the landmass is huge it experiences a wide
range of climatic conditions.
3. The south-west monsoon lasts from June
to September. The intense heat of the
summer causes a low pressure to form over
the north-western parts of India. Winds
originating from a high pressure area in the
southern Indian Ocean are drawn towards
the low pressure in the north. Since these
winds originate in the sea it collects a lot
of moisture. It crosses the equator and
approaches the Indian landmass from the
south-west.
4. The northeast monsoon or the retreating
monsoon brings heavy rainfall to Tamil
Nadu during the months of October and
November.

5. October Heat is a weather condition

prevalent in Tamil Nadu during the months
of October and November. The months of
October and November form the period

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of transition from the hot rainy season to

dry winter conditions.The weather here
becomes uncomfortable as the temperature
and humidity rise sharply.