MEC653

HVAC SYSTEM
MINI PROJECT REPORT
GROUP: EM2208E4
PREPARED BY:
1. Mohamad Amirul Shafiq B.
Muda (2013233426)
2. Muhammad Aminuddin B.
Mohd Sani (2013449314)
3. Mohamad Faris Bin Kadir
(2013659456)
4. Ahmad Helmi Bin Salim
(2013264486)
5. Mohamad Nor Shafamee
bin Shafri (2012400924)

ENDORSED BY:

______________________________
Name:
Position:
Company:

PREPARED FOR:
En. Hazran Hussin
(Lecturer)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content

Page
1

Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Cooling Load Estimation
Chapter 3 Psychrometric Chart Analysis
Chapter 4 System Selection
Chapter 5 Ducting
Chapter 6 Discussion & Conclusion
References
Appendix

4
9
20
26
31
40
42
43

LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1.1: Floor Plan for B3-A11-1/2
Figure 1.2: Floor Plan for Lab Kom 2A/2B
Figure 1.3: Floor Plan for Lab Kom 3A/3B
Figure 2.1: Cooling Load of Conduction in COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B
2

Figure 2.2: Cooling Load of Radiation in COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B

Figure 2.3: Cooling Load of Internal Heat Gain in COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B
Figure 2.4: Cooling Load of Infiltration in COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B
Figure 2.5: Cooling Load of Ventilation in COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B
Figure 2.6: Total Overall Cooling Load in COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B
Figure 2.7: Cooling Load of Conduction in COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B
Figure 2.8: Cooling Load of Radiation in COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B
Figure 2.9: Cooling Load of Internal Heat Gain in COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B
Figure 2.10: Cooling Load of Infiltration in COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B
Figure 2.11: Cooling Load of Ventilation in COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B
Figure 2.12: Total Overall Cooling Load in COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B
Figure 2.13: Cooling Load of Conduction in LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A11-1/2)
Figure 2.14: Cooling Load of Radiation in LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A11-1/2)
Figure 2.15: Cooling Load of Internal Heat Gain in LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A111/2)
Figure 2.16: Cooling Load of Infiltration in LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A11-1/2)
Figure 2.17: Cooling Load of Ventilation in LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A11-1/2)
Figure 2.18: Total Overall Cooling Load in LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A11-1/2)
Figure 5.1 Marinsoft Duct Calculator Software
Figure 5.2 Ducting design in COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B
Figure 5.3 Ducting design in COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B
Figure 5.4 Ducting design in LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A11-1/2)

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION

HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) is the technology of indoor and
vehicular environmental comfort. Its

goal

is

to provide thermal comfort and

acceptable indoor air quality. This sytem is important in the design of residential
structures such as residential homes, high-rise buildings and living facilities, medium to
large industrial where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to
temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.
4

Ventilating or ventilation is the process of "exchanging" or replacing air in any space

to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen
replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, and
carbon dioxide. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces
outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior
air.Other than that, ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as
circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most important factors for
maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings.
Air conditioning is the process of altering the properties of air; primarily temperature
anf humidity, to a comfortable conditions, typically with the aim of distributing the
conditioned air to an occupied space. In other words, it is a system that removes heat from
the air inside an occupied space, thus lowering the air temperature. The cooling is
typically achieved through a refrigeration cycle.

2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

In this task, we need to design HVAC system, including ducting, types of chiller and
cooling load estimation on 3 different room. All the room is situated at Block 3 in
Engineering Complex of UiTM Shah Alam.

3.0 OBJECTIVE
3.1 To calculate the cooling load estimation of Bilik Kuliah and Computer Lab at
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal buildings.
5

3.2 To design a ducting for all room

3.3 To analyse the outdoor and indoor air conditions including fresh air intake, supply
air temperature, supply air flow and supply heat ratio using Pyschometric chart.

4.0 DETAIL OF THE ASSIGN ROOM

4.1 LECTURE ROOM Level 11 (B3-A11-1/2)
Building Location: Block 3, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, UiTM Shah Alam.
Type of usage/purpose: Classroom, Lecture room.
Size: 9.2m x 5.8m x 3m
*A floor plan of the room is included

Figure 1.1 Floor Plan of B3-A11-1/2

6

4.2 COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B

Building Location: Block 3, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, UiTM Shah Alam.

Type of usage/purpose: Classroom, Computer room.
Size: 24.4m x 11.5m x 3m
*A floor plan of the room is included

Figure 1.2 Floor Plan for COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B

7

4.3COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B

Building Location: Block 3, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, UiTM Shah Alam.
Type of usage/purpose: Classroom, Computer room.
Size: 24.4m x 11.5m x 3m
*A floor plan of the room is included

Figure 1.3 Floor Plan for COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B

CHAPTER 2
COOLING LOAD
ESTIMATION

2.1

INTRODUCTION
The Purpose of cooling load estimation conducted is to calculate the peak design loads
(heating/ cooling), estimate likely equipment capacity, provide informations for HVAC
design such as load profiles and form the basis for building or room energy analysis. In
this case, the cooling load is estimated on three rooms: COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B,
COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B and LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A11-1/2).
The cooling load estimation is based on five aspects: conduction, radiation, internal
heat gain, infiltration and ventilation. To determine the cooling load, there are some
10

important information in the rooms that needed such as space dimensions, type of wall,
rooms orientation, number of windows and its dimensions, type and number of
equipments, number and behaviour of the occupants and many more. The standards that
mostly used in Malaysia to determine the cooling load estimation are from American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) and
Malaysian Standard (MS 1525:2007). In this case, the 1997 ASHRAE Fundamentals
Handbook is used.

2.2

COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B

2.1.1 Important Information
Temperatures (oF)
Dimensions (ft)

Wall

Windows

Door
People
Lights

Equipments

Infiltration
Ventilation

Outside Temperature
92 (at 60% RH)
Indoor Temperature
75 (at 55% RH)
Space
79.955 (L) x 37.642 (W) x 8.0801 (H)
Door
2.8322 (L) x 6.7473 (H)
Window
2.8322 (L) x 1.6244 (H)
Partitions
79.955 (L) x 8.0801 (H)
4 brick wall with cement plaster on both sides
Orientation of Conduction: NE
Wall Type No. 3 from ASHRAE 1997, Chapter 28, Table 32 at 1600
U: 0.48 btu/hr.ft2.oF
6.4mm thick Uncoated Single Glazing with Operable Aluminium Frame
63 pieces
U: 1.13 btu/hr.ft2.oF
Plywood Door (Sandwich)
4 pieces
U: 0.42 btu/hr.ft2.oF
Number of Occupants: 64
Seated, very light work
Fluorescent Light
28 pieces
36W each
LED Projector
600W
2 sets
Desktop Computer
500W
64 sets
1.6
Air change rate
(Neutral Pressure, average constrution)
10
cfm/pax
(Computer lab)

2.1.2 Cooling Load Calculations

11

Figure 2.1: Cooling Load of Conduction in COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B

Figure 2.2: Cooling Load of Radiation in COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B

Figure 2.3: Cooling Load of Internal Heat Gain in COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B

12

Figure 2.4: Cooling Load of Infiltration in COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B

Figure 2.5: Cooling Load of Ventilation in COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B

Figure 2.6: Total Overall Cooling Load in COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B

2.2

COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B

2.2.1 Important Information
13

Temperatures (oF)
Dimensions (ft)

Wall

Windows

Door
People
Lights

Equipments
Infiltration
Ventilation

Outside Temperature
92 (at 60% RH)
Indoor Temperature
75 (at 55% RH)
Space
79.955 (L) x 37.642 (W) x 8.0801 (H)
Door
2.8322 (L) x 6.7473 (H)
Window
2.8322 (L) x 1.6244 (H)
Partitions
79.955 (L) x 8.0801 (H)
4 brick wall with cement plaster on both sides
Orientation of Conduction: SW
Wall Type No. 3 from ASHRAE 1997, Chapter 28, Table 32 at 1600
U: 0.48 btu/hr.ft2.oF
6.4mm thick Uncoated Single Glazing with Operable Aluminium Frame
63 pieces
U: 1.13 btu/hr.ft2.oF
Plywood Door (Sandwich)
4 pieces
U: 0.42 btu/hr.ft2.oF
Number of Occupants: 64
Seated, very light work
Fluorescent Light
28 pieces
36W each
LED Projector
600W
Desktop Computer
500W
35 sets
0.6
Air change rate
(Neutral Pressure, average constrution)
10
cfm/pax
(Computer lab)

2.2.2 Cooling Load Calculations

14

Figure 2.7: Cooling Load of Conduction in COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B

Figure 2.8: Cooling Load of Radiation in COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B

Figure 2.9: Cooling Load of Internal Heat Gain in COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B

Figure 2.10: Cooling Load of Infiltration in COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B

Figure 2.11: Cooling Load of Ventilation in COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B

15

Figure 2.12: Total Overall Cooling Load in COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B

2.3

LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A11-1/2)

2.3.1 Important Information
Temperatures (oF)
Dimensions (ft)
Roof

Wall

Windows

Door
People
Lights
Equipments

Outside Temperature
92 (at 60% RH)
Indoor Temperature
75 (at 55% RH)
Space
30.2 (L) x 19 (W) x 8.2 (H)
Door
3 (L) x 6.9 (H)
Window
3 (L) x 2 (H)
ASHRAE Roof Type 3
U: 0.21 btu/hr.ft2.oF
4 brick wall with cement plaster on both sides
Orientation of Conduction: SW
Wall Type No. 3 from ASHRAE 1997, Chapter 28, Table 32 at 1600
U: 0.48 btu/hr.ft2.oF
6.4mm thick Uncoated Single Glazing with Operable Aluminium Frame
18 pieces
U: 1.13 btu/hr.ft2.oF
Plywood Door (Sandwich)
2 pieces
U: 0.42 btu/hr.ft2.oF
Number of Occupants: 64
Seated, very light work
Fluorescent Light
16 pieces
36W each
LED Projector
300W
Desktop Computer
500W
16

35 sets
Infiltration

Air change rate

Ventilation

cfm/pax

0.6
(Neutral Pressure, average constrution)
10
(Computer lab)

2.3.2 Cooling Load Calculations

Figure 2.13: Cooling Load of Conduction in LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A11-1/2)

Figure 2.14: Cooling Load of Radiation in LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A11-1/2)

17

Figure 2.15: Cooling Load of Internal Heat Gain in LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A111/2)

Figure 2.16: Cooling Load of Infiltration in LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A11-1/2)

Figure 2.17: Cooling Load of Ventilation in LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A11-1/2)

18

Figure 2.18: Total Overall Cooling Load in LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A11-1/2)

2.4

SUMMARY

Compter Lab 3A/3B

Computer Lab 2A/2B
Lecture Room Level
11 (B3-A11-1/2)

TOTAL OVERALL COOLING

LOAD ESTIMATION
(btu/hr)
194978.74
201584.12
45636.69

19

COOLING LOAD
(btu/hr per ft2)
64.78
66.98
79.53

CHAPTER 3
PSYCHROMETRIC
CHART ANALYSIS

20

OBJECTIVE
i.
To determine the Supply Air Temperature and Supply Airflow of each
ii.

designated rooms.
To determine the Refrigeration Load of each designated rooms.

IMPORTANT INFORMATIONS
Rooms
Parameters

COMPUTER

COMPUTER

LAB 3A/3B

LAB 2A/2B

Outside Air Temperature

(btu/hr)
Latent Heat Gain, QL
(btu/hr)
Total Heat Gain, QT
(btu/hr)
Sensible Heat Ratio

LEVEL 11 (B3A11-1/2)

92 (at 60% RH)

(oF)
Indoor Air Temperature
(oF)
Sensible Heat Gain, QS

LECTURE ROOM

75 (at 55% RH)

172833.17

179438.556

22145.56

38542.81
7093.89

194978.74

201584.12

45636.69

0.89

0.89

0.84

RESULTS
Rooms
Parameters
Supply Air
Temperature (oF)
Supply Airflow

LECTURE ROOM

COMPUTER LAB

COMPUTER LAB

3A/3B

2A/2B

59 (at 90% RH)

58(at 90% RH)

59 (at 90% RH)

9955.83

9728.30

2220.21

21

LEVEL 11 (B3A11-1/2)

(cfm)
Refrigeration Load
(btu/hr)
CFM/ person
CFM/ ft2

394250.79

385240.83

87920.23

155.56
3.31

152.01
3.23

74.01
3.87

22

23

24

25

CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM
SELECTION

For LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A11-1/2)

Machine selection. Carrier DBFP 4

26

Throughout analysis, the suitable cooling system that has been choose for classroom
level 11- 1/2 is Air Handling Unit from Carrier manufacturer model DBFP 4. The model
fulfil the two main parameter of the analysis which is cooling load (45636.69 btu/hr @ 13.37
kW) and airflow (2220.21 cfm @ 3772.16 m3/h). The machine selected give the output of
cooling load (22.3kW) and airflow (4000 m3/h).
27

Thus, it is sufficient enough to keep the room to reach designing room temperature in
nominal operation. The precise dynamic balancing calibration in DBFP model producing thin
low-noise (58dbA). This is very important aspect for teaching and learning process to be done
in the room comfortably.
The AHU design fullfill the specification class needed which provide airflow 3000 m3/h
,cooling capacity 16.9 kW for standard air condition, and cooling capacity 42.6 kW for fresh
air condition.
Performance Data (power source: 380V)

Figure 4.1: DBFB(X) and DFP(X) performance data. [1]

For COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B and 2A/2B

Machine selection : YORK Model YSM/YDM (30 x 70)

28

For both computer Lab 2 and Lab 3 we consider to use the same AHU unit for some
reason. Same Model required same maintenance parts thus it is also required same labor
skills. part of them, it is efficient in term of spare part storing and usage process as it reduce
29

the risk of waste. YORK Model YSM/YDM (30 x 70) has been chose as it meets the required
air flow which is 17618 m3/h (the model) with 16528.49 m3/h (LAB 2) and 16915.06 m3/h
(Lab 3). For cooling load, the model also succed the rquired cooling load by the room which
is 134 kw (the model) with 59.09 kw (Lab 2) and 57.14 kw (Lab 3). Each lab will use each
AHU unit.

Figure 4.2: YORK Model YSM/YDM (30 x 50) Technical Specificat

30

CHAPTER 5
DUCTING

31

 At all places (Computer Lab 2A/2B, Computer Lab 3A/3B and B3-A11-1/2), the air
handler is located at one end of the lab. So, reducing-extended-plenum ducting
system is applied.
We have chosen the circular duct design rather than rectangular duct design. This is
because the pressure loss due to friction is greater for a rectangular duct than for a
circular duct of the same cross-sectional area and capacity.
As referred to 2009 ASHRAE Handbook, the duct material that we used is
Galvanized steel, longitudinal seams, 4 ft. joints (0.00016 to 0.00032 ft.) with
absolute roughness of 0.0003 ft. (or 0.003543 in.).

We used velocity reduction method with the aid of Marinsoft Duct Calculator to
calculate the duct diameters for all the 3 places ducting system. The maximum speed
of main duct is set to be 1500 fpm while the maximum speed of secondary duct is set
to be 1100 fpm. The airflow for every diffuser is equal.

Table 5.1 Ducting System at Computer Lab 2A/2B

Duct Location
A
B

Computer Lab 2A/2B

Supply Airflow (cfm) Friction Loss (in. wg.)
9728
0.07
694
0.16
32

Duct Diameter (in.)

34.5
10.8

C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J

694
694
1388
694
4176
694
694
694

0.16
0.16
0.11
0.16
0.12
0.16
0.16
0.16

10.8
10.8
15.1
10.8
22.6
10.8
10.8
10.8

Table 5.2 Ducting System at Computer Lab 3A/3B

Duct Location
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J

Computer Lab 3A/3B

Supply Airflow (cfm) Friction Loss (in. wg.)
9956
0.07
711
0.16
711
0.16
711
0.16
1422
0.11
711
0.16
4268
0.12
711
0.16
711
0.16
711
0.16

33

Duct Diameter (in.)

34.9
11.0
11.0
11.0
15.4
11.0
22.8
11.0
11.0
11.0

Table 5.3 Ducting System at B3-A11-1/2

Duct Location
A
B
C
D
E
F

B3-A11-1/2
Supply Airflow (cfm) Friction Loss (in. wg.)
2220
0.17
370
0.25
1480
0.22
370
0.25
740
0.34
370
0.25

34

Duct Diameter (in.)

16.5
7.7
13.5
7.7
9.5
7.7

Figure 5.2 Marinsoft Duct Calculator Software

35

Figure 5.2 Ducting design in COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B

36

Figure 5.3 Ducting design in COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B

37

Figure 5.4 Ducting design in LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A11-1/2)

38

CHAPTER 6
DISCUSSION &
CONCLUSION

39

6.1 Discussion
From the calculation above, it is shown that the cooling load for each room
indicated has identified where the COMPUTER LAB 2A/2B has higher total cooling
load compare to COMPUTER LAB 3A/3B and LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3A11-1/2). In all locations indicated, it is assumed that the wall facing hallway and
staircase have conduction. From the result above, it is shown that COMPUTER LAB
2A/2B has higher total cooling load compare to two other locations. The check figure
where the value of total cooling load per feet square much achieve within its range (for
Classroom from 45 to 80 and for Laboratories from 45 to 75) to ensure that the design
cooling load of all locations located is in its optimum value. It is indicated that the
value for all locations are reached in optimum range.
After the supply airflow achieve from psychrometric chart analysis, the system
selection is conducted where CARRIER DBFP4 & DBFP4I air handling unit (AHU)
for LECTURE ROOM LEVEL 11 (B3-A11-1/2) is selected. For both computer labs,
YORK MODEL YSM/YDM (30x70) is selected. The reason of choosing both of this
model and brand is because they are meet its requirement and both of the brands are
one of the best and competitive brands available in the market.
The reason of choosing Air Handling Unit (AHU) compared to Fan Cooling
Unit (FCU) is to centralised all control for all the rooms since it is easy to manage the
operation of the system. In the ducting design, it is shown in the drawing layout in
Chapter 5 that both computer labs has free return as it is indicated as confined space
and both locations are not situated directly under roof. The other reason is because
both computer labs are using Air Handling Unit (AHU) where a room to house the
system is required. The room itself has a return duct that enables the air to channel
back to the system. Free return also can save cost where ducting for return air is not
required.

6.2 Conclusion
40

As a whole, it is approved that the objectives of the project is achieved where the
cooling load estimation for all three locations have been calculated and the values of total
cooling load per square feet are in its optimum range. The required supply airflow has
been obtained through Psychrometric Chart Analysis. The system and ducting design for
all three assigned rooms has been completely designed and approved by one of the
Professional Engineer in Malaysia.

REFERENCES
1. Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. (2003) (1st ed., p. 3). Atlanta. Retrieved
10th May 2016 from https://www.ashrae.org/file
%20library/doclib/.../200418145036_347.pdf
2. 1997 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (1997)
3. CARRIER SYSTEM DESIGN MANUAL (9th Printing) (1972)
4. ASHRAE STANDARD 62 (2003)
5. Thin)DBFP(X) (Ultrathin)DFP(X) Suspended Air-Handling Unit. (2013). Carrier.
Retrieved 20th May 2016 from
http://www.carrier.com.hk/comm/comm_new2010/2013%20Cat/Air%20Handling
%20Unit/DBFPDFP%20(CAT-DBFP-1304-02).pdf

41

APPENDIX

42