VSL - Calibration Guide en

The Golden Ratio.
Ever since the ancient times mathematicians,

architects, artists, and composers studied this phenomenon.
Even in nature, we find the Golden Ratio. A special measure
with special applications.
VSL, The Art of Measurement
Calibration Guide
Reliability
through traceability
VSL
Thijsseweg 11
2629 JA Delft
P.O. Box 654
2600 AR Delft
The Netherlands
T
F
E
I
+31 (0)15 269 15 00

+31 (0)15 261 29 71
info@vsl.nl
www.vsl.nl
Beyond
all
doubt
Reliability
through
traceability
This guide gives an overview of calibrations that VSL
can perform for you. Your choice for VSL is a choice
for high level calibrations with the highest reliability.
VSL makes measurement results of companies, laboratories

and organisations directly traceable to international standards.
The Dutch government has appointed VSL to maintain and
develop the national measurement standards. VSL makes
an important contribution towards the reliability, quality and
innovation of products and processes, both within businesses
and in society at large.
It is important that you can have confidence in the results of your measurements.
After all, the quality of your measurement is closely linked to the quality of the
product or service you provide. It is important that your measurement value is
comparable with that found by others but also that your current measurement
value can be compared with that of last year. A timely and correct calibration of
your measuring equipment is essential for this purpose.
Apart from calibrations, VSL offers reference materials for gas analysis, viscosity
and mineral oil.
International traceability
A calibration by VSL implies a direct comparison to a primary measurement
standard. VSL is the National Metrology Institute of the Netherlands and
maintains and develops the national measurement standards. The chain
between the primary standard and your equipment is as direct as possible
when having your equipment calibrated at VSL. This ensures the lowest
possible measurement uncertainty. VSL operates in the centre of the
international metrological infrastructure. Our certificates are widely recognised
via the CIPM Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA).
Service and planning
At a certain moment, recalibration of your equipment will be required.
We can guide your organisation in determining the relevant recalibration
period and initiate timely recalibration. Careful planning can prevent the
loss of valuable time.
More information
You can read more about our ISO 17025 accreditation scope on www.rva.nl
and you can find everything about our calibration & measurement capabilities
(CMC) on www.bipm.org.
Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability
Chemistry
Our customers wish to underpin their quality system.
Our Primary Reference Gas Mixtures facilitate this.
Service
VSL provides Primary Reference Gas Mixtures that are used worldwide to make
gas composition measurements traceable and comparable. These internationally accepted mixtures are used in both industrial and environmental
analyses in a wide field of applications. Typical applications vary from volatile
organic compounds to natural gas. VSL is strong in the calibration of gas
monitors and the analysis of gas mixtures of third parties in addition to the
supply of gas mixtures.
Method
The gas mixtures are prepared via gravimetric methods (ISO 6142) and validated
by comparison with standard gas mixtures. Gas mixtures of third parties are
analysed and are also compared with these standard gas mixtures. The method
described in ISO 6143 is used for the comparison. VSL reports the linearity over
the desired measurement range for gas monitors.
Applications and clients
Most suppliers of specialty gases use the Primary Reference Gas Mixtures
from VSL to underpin their quality system and to provide their clients with
international traceability. For example: the calorific value, which relates directly
to the price of natural gas, is determined by both buyer and seller with a gas
chromatograph traceably calibrated to VSL.
More information
For more information about this service, feel free to contact our Sales and
Planning staff. They will be pleased to provide you with an adequate and expert
answer. Please send an email to vsl@vsl.nl or you can call +31 15 269 15 50.
Light
We provide an extensive range of services aimed
at LED-based products as well as conventional
calibrations of light sources, light measurement
systems and optical materials.
Service
VSL provides traceability via calibration and reference standards in the field
of light measurements. We have an extensive range of services aimed at the
characterization of LED-based products, as well as conventional calibrations
of light sources, light measurement systems and optical materials. Our services
provide certainty to clients so that they can guarantee the quality of their
products or services.
Method
The metrological basis for all light measurements originates from a cryogenic
radiometer, with which detectors are calibrated in terms of spectral responsivity.
These detectors are utilized to achieve the internationally recognized national
standards realized at VSL. Consequently these detectors are used as transfer
standards to calibrate a huge variety of light sources, light measurement
systems or optical materials.
The services provided by VSL are important for a wide scale of applications.
Specific application areas are for example public lighting, interior lighting,
maritime and obstruction lighting, operating theatre lighting, and bio- and
pharmaceutical research. We provide our services to manufacturers of light
sources and measurement systems, authorities, hospitals and research
institutions.
More information
Electricity
VSL enables its clients to demonstrate the
quality and reliability of their products and
services by the calibration of their measuring
equipment.
Service
Electricity is often used as the medium to transport information or energy from
one place to another. Accurate electrical measurements are essential in this.
VSL provides the basis of all these measurements with measurement facilities
for a large number of quantities (voltage, resistance, current, power) over wide
frequency and measurement ranges. VSL enables its clients to demonstrate
the quality and reliability of their products and services by the calibration of their
measuring equipment.
Method
The metrological starting point of all electrical measurements are the primary
standards for voltage and resistance, which are based on intrinsically stable
and accurate quantum effects. All other electrical quantities are derived of
these quantum standards using special scaling and conversion equipment.
This ultimately produces a measurement range of the VSL facilities varying
from nanovolts to kilovolts and a frequency range from DC to 50GHz.
The service provided by VSL means that the quality of the measurement values
is guaranteed whether it concerns billing of electrical energy between client and
supplier or proof of specifications of newly developed measuring equipment.
VSL provides services to a wide range of companies and institutes, e.g.
accredited measurement and testing laboratories, manufacturers of measuring
equipment, energy companies, universities and defence laboratories.
More information
Length and
geometry
VSL has a complete range of facilities in dimensional
measurement techniques: length, diameter, shape
or angle, from more than a metre to nanometre level,
in 1D, 2D or 3D.
Service
VSL has a complete range of facilities in dimensional measurement techniques:
length, diameter, form or angle, from more than a metre to nanometre level, in
1D, 2D or 3D. This enables VSL to measure your product or prototype with a
high degree of accuracy, and also to calibrate your measurement instruments
or standards. Either in our high quality measurement laboratories or at your
premises.
Application and clients

Measurements must be efficient and reliable wherever the dimensions of a
product are important. Measurement departments in manufacturing companies
use VSL to calibrate their measurement standards and instruments. Reliable
measurements form an important part of the incoming and outgoing quality
control. Producers of length measuring equipment ask VSL to provide their
products with an internationally recognised certificate. VSL can make product
measurements for companies in the high-precision industry with the highest
attainable accuracy.
Method
All our measurements are traceable back to the metre, the 1/299 792 458th part
of the distance light travels in a second in vacuum. The Dutch metre is a special
iodine stabilised He-Ne laser. In practice, a measured distance is compared
directly or indirectly to the wavelength of a laser interferometer whose frequency
is compared to that of the standard laser.
10
More information
11
Ionising
radiation and
radioactivity
VSL offers a wide range of services in the field of
ionising radiation and radioactivity, for example
calibration of dosimetry equipment, radiation level
and contamination monitors and well-type ionisation
chambers.
Service
VSL offers a wide range of services in the field of ionising radiation and radio
activity, for example calibration of dosimetry equipment, radiation level and
contamination monitors and well-type ionisation chambers. VSL also provides
calibration and dosimetry audits of radiation beams on location. VSL continually
keeps abreast of the developments in health care and industry. In this way VSL
helps its clients to guarantee the quality of their services.

VSL provides traceability for radiotherapy (teletherapy and brachytherapy),
radiobiology, nuclear medicine, medical diagnostics, mammography and
radiation protection purposes. Clients include hospitals, radiotherapy institutes,
international authorities, recognised dosimetry services, nuclear power stations
and manufacturers of radiation and diagnostic equipment.
More information
Method
VSL has a large number of national and derived standards to provide traceability.
With regard to dosimetry, these are standards for absorbed dose to water and
kerma in air in high and medium energetic photon beams. Calibrations are made
in gamma radiation beams of cobalt-60 and cesium-137 and in X-ray beams
with a tube voltage between 10kV and 320kV. VSL also has various standards
for activity measurements, which are used for calibrations using radioactive
sources.
12
13
Time and
frequency
VSL provides the most accurate calibrations in
the field of time and frequency in The Netherlands.
Service
VSL provides the most accurate calibrations in the field of time and frequency
in The Netherlands. This is possible because VSL is responsible for maintaining
the national time and frequency standard. VSL also provides synchronisation
services in the form of a Time Service Bulletinand for computers via the Internet
and a telephone service (0900-6171819)*. These services ensure reliability and
quality assurance within a wide range of applications.

Time and frequency are widely used quantities in daily life. They are used in
various industrial processes, electronic data integrity systems, telecommuni
cation, astronomy, geodesy, navigation, medical research, and for leisure time
activities, e.g. sporting events. Clients are therefore found in a wide application
field, such as manufacturers and suppliers of frequency and time measuring
instruments, research institutes, defence, telecom and Internet providers and
banks.
Method
The national time and frequency standard maintained at VSL is based on four
atomic clocks. These clocks are included in a worldwide network, which jointly
determines the international time scale (UTC) and the duration of the second.
VSL uses frequency dividers and multipliers to achieve an extensive frequency
range.
More information
* only available in the Netherlands
14
15
Flow
VSL has facilities to perform calibrations over
a wide flow range and can calibrate virtually
all types of industrial flow meters.
Service
VSL calibrates flow meters for both gases and liquids. VSL has facilities to
perform calibrations over a wide flow range. With these facilities almost all types
of industrial flow meters can be calibrated. The performance characteristics of
new flow meters can be tested against their specifications. We offer the lowest
possible uncertainty in volume and flow rate, which allows accurate billing of
the supplied amount of oil and gas.
Method
The primary standard for flow (cubic metres per second) is based on standards
for mass and time. Our standards are regularly compared with those of other
National Metrology Institutes, so that international comparability is guaranteed.
During calibration in the laboratory, the meter under test is positioned inline with
a reference meter. This enables us to determine the measurement error and
uncertainty.
Most of the flow meters we calibrate are from customers in the oil and gas
industry. These gas and liquid flow meters are often for billing purposes.
In process and chemical industry, flow meters are used to determine volumes
of various component streams. Furthermore, VSL calibrates many flow meters
for equipment suppliers, utility companies and gas transport and distribution
companies.
More information
16
17
Temperature
and humidity
An accurate knowledge of temperature and humidity
is important in countless processes in industry and
science. VSL provides clients with accurate
temperature and humidity calibrations for a wide
variety of instruments.
Service
An accurate knowledge of temperature and humidity is important in countless
processes in industry and science. VSL provides clients with accurate
temperature and humidity calibrations for a wide variety of instruments.
VSL also carries out special measurement projects such as the characterization
of advanced measurement systems.

Clients of VSL often have a direct or indirect interest in process applications
in which temperature and humidity play an important role. Examples of this
can be found in the petrochemical industry, energy production, health care
and environment.
VSL also provides its services to manufacturers of sensors and to calibration
laboratories.
Method
VSL realizes and maintains the full range of the current International Temperature
Scale (ITS-90) from -273 C to +3000 C, through primary standards based on
highly-reproducible phase transitions of ultra-high purity materials (temperature
fixed-points). At VSL the clients thermometers are calibrated by direct
comparison with the primary standards or by comparison with thermometers
directly traceable to the primary standards.
Likewise dew-point hygrometers (e.g. chilled mirror hygrometers) are calibrated
at VSL by direct comparison with a primary humidity standard that is based
on the principle of complete saturation of a carrier gas at known temperature
and pressure (dew-point generator). Other humidity sensors are calibrated
in a climatic chamber by comparison with chilled mirror hygrometers directly
traceable to the primary standard.
18
More information
19
Mass
Mass is very important in many industries
because incorrect mass measurements can lead
to serious errors. VSL provides traceability
and accurate mass calibrations to help clients
to avoid these problems.
Service
VSL provides traceability in the field of mass measurements and achieves
the highest accuracy in the Netherlands. Accurate weighing is in many cases
essential when it concerns safety, health or costs. VSL calibrates and adjusts
weights of class M1 to class E1 for which the conventional mass, the true
mass and the Newtonian mass can be determined.
Method
For the calibration of weights for clients, VSL uses high-class mass standards
that are directly derived from the Dutch kilogram, which in turn is traceable back
to the international kilogram in Paris. This short traceability chain and the use of
weighing robots guarantee a very low measurement uncertainty.
Mass measurements play an important role in trade, industry, analytical
laboratories and process control. For example, mass standards are used
to calibrate weighing instruments and to adjust them if necessary or they
are used in accredited organisations to determine the mass of other weights.
More information
20
21
10
Viscosity
Viscosity plays an important role in many industries.
With certified reference materials supplied by VSL,
the viscosity of products is traceable and can be
determined accurately.
Service
VSL provides certified reference materials with a fixed kinematic or dynamic
viscosity for various temperatures. It is also possible to calibrate the viscosity
and density of liquid samples or to determine viscosimeters. VSL is the only
organisation with an ISO 17025 accreditation for viscosity in The Netherlands.
Method
The basis for all viscosity measurements is the internationally determined
viscosity of double-distilled water. VSL calibrates its primary Ostwald
viscosimeters with this water and uses liquids with increasing viscosity
to calibrate the other viscosimeters, which in turn are used to determine the
viscosity of unknown liquids and reference materials. All these measurements
are performed in a temperature controlled bath, which can be set at various
temperatures.
Viscosity is important in the food, paint, automobile, pharmaceutical, cosmetic
and chemical industries, where it is widely used for quality and process control.
Reference materials are used to calibrate viscosimeters, which can be used to
investigate samples or to perform trend analyses.
More information
22
23
11
Pressure
In many industries pressure measurements are very
important. With pressure gauges and deadweight
testers calibrated by VSL, those pressure
measurements are traceable, accurate and reliable.
Service
VSL calibrates and adjusts pressure gauges and deadweight testers with a low
measurement uncertainty. Both absolute and relative pressure measurements
are possible. Pressure plays an important role in many processes in connection
with quality or safety. Certainly now that more processes are automated, it is of
great importance for the pressure measurements to be accurate and reliable.
Method
Pressure measurements are made by means of a cross float with deadweight
testers. These are traceable to the Dutch standards for mass, length and time.
During the calibration, corrections are made for various effects that can influence
the measurement, such as temperature and gravitation.
Traceable pressure measurements are widely used in the process industry,
health care, the oil and gas industries, and in analytical and chemical
laboratories. VSL provides its services to parties that are active within these
fields. VSL also provides its services to accredited organisations that use
deadweight testers for the calibration of pressure gauges.
More information
24
25
Index
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Chemistry
Light
Electricity
Length and geometry
Ionising radiation and radioactivity
Time and frequency
Flow
Temperature and humidity
Mass
Viscosity
Pressure
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Colophon
Publication: VSL, Delft
Concept, design and text: Smidswater, Den Haag
Photography: Aksento, Breda
Print: Lecturis, Eindhoven

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The Golden Ratio.

Ever since the ancient times mathematicians,

+31 (0)15 269 15 00

VSL makes measurement results of companies, laboratories

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Application and clients

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Application and clients

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Application and clients

* only available in the Netherlands

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Application and clients

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

Calibration Guide Reliability through traceability

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