ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS:

Explain the working principle/results/observation/related theory.

Working principle of Gate Valve
Working of gate valve is displayed here in following figure 1. When handle wheel will be rotated
in clockwise direction, steam and gate will move in downward direction across the fluid flow line
and gate will be tightly located between the two seats. Hence there will not be any leakage of
fluid through the valve once valve is closed completely.

Fully closed

Partial open

Completely open

Figure1: working mechanism of Gate Valve

. When handle wheel will be rotated in anti-clockwise direction, steam and gate will move in
upward direction across the fluid flow line and valve will be opened from closed position and will
permit the flow of fluid through the gate valve. Once gate valve is completely opened, it will
permit no resistance or very little resistance to the flow of fluid. We can use gate valve in semiopen condition also but there will be one issue of erosion of gate as fluid will strike the gate if
valve is partially open. Therefore gate valve should be used in completely closed or completely
open condition

Working principle of Globe Valve

Working principle of globe valve is as displayed here in following figure 2. When handle wheel
will be rotated in clockwise direction, steam and valve plug will move in downward direction
across the fluid flow line and valve plug will be tightly located between the two valve seats.
Hence there will not be any leakage of fluid through the valve once valve is closed

Figure 2 : working mechanism of Globe Valve

When handle wheel will be rotated in anti-clockwise direction, steam and valve plug will move in
upward direction across the fluid flow line and valve will be opened from closed position and will
permit the flow of fluid through the globe valve.

Comment on results:
Based on the result , it shows that 2 types of test valve which is gate valve and globe valve shows
different value of head loss. The Flow rate for both test valve is decrease as the head loss is decreased.
The time taken for 2 types of test valve is close to each and other during different differential pressure
reading. Calculated Minor loss coefficient, k shows that higher coefficient .k when there is low in value
of head loss To get an accurate reading for time taken, the experiment has been conducted twice so that
will get average reading for time taken .

Comment on Graph :
The graph of Head loss, h vs (VV)/2g for Gate valve and Globe valve show that the head loss, h is
directly proportional to (VV)/2g. So graph Head loss proportional to v2/2g which will result in Minor
loss coefficient ,k for both Gate and Globe valve .
The graph of Head loss, h vs Flow rate (Q )for Gate valve and Globe valve shows that the Head loss, h is
directly proportional to Flow rate (Q) ,as the head loss increased, the flow rate is increased at the same
rate for both Gate and Globe valve .
The graph of Head loss, h vs Fluid velocity for Gate valve and Globe valve shows that the Head loss, h
is directly proportional to the Fluid velocity , as the head loss increased the fluid velocity is increased at
the same rate for both Gate and Globe valve

List the possible sources of errors and safety precaution.:

Avoid parallax error during taking measurement for amount of water flowing into measuring tank .
Make sure that the volume does not increase more than 10L, because if the volume increase more than
10L the air will trap into the system and will cause air bubbles inside the smooth bore pipes which will
effect the differential pressure reading.
To prevent errors in experiment , the experiment should conduct more than 2 trials and the average
reading shoud be taken and make sure the apparatus in good condition before begin the experiment.
Make sure conduct the experiment in possible manner at all times in the laboratory to avoid accidents.