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Week 9
Week 9
Week 9
AVIA3710 Stuff
Remember Assignment is TODAY!!
Hard copy to the Aviation office by 17:00hr
Monday 26 Sept
Electronic copy in Moodle by 23:59hr, 23
September
(today)
Week 9
Week 9
In Week 8 we covered:
Basic aspects of validity and reliability as applied to a
research instrument
Describe the types of validity that affect a research instrument
Describe the types of reliability that affect a research instrument
Week 9
Data Analysis
Week 9
Week 9
Comparing
measures of
central
tendency
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Week 9
Measures of Dispersion
Standard deviation
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Week 9
Time
Convincing
Week 9
35
36
Mean
7.66
7.61
Median
8.00
8.00
1.69
1.59
-.34
-1.52
-.513
3.2
Minimum
Maximum
10
10
Valid
Missing
Std. Deviation
Skewness
Kurtosis
Week 9
Week 9
Inferential Statistics
eg Collect a sample of pilots from each group, measure their visual scanning,
then compare the average scanning of the two groups, using a 2-sample
independent t-test
Analogue Vs
Digital cockpits
Week 9
Hawker Siddeley
Trident cockpit
(1970s)
B737 cockpit
A380 cockpit
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Week 9
Week 9
Week 9
Week 9
Week 9
Parametric Tests
These are inferential statistics.
Correlation, regression
t-tests
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA, MANOVA, ANCOVA)
etc
Correlation
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Week 9
t-tests
Used to compare differences between means
of two groups:
independent t-test compares two unrelated
groups between-subjects differences (eg.,
average visual scanning of pilots trained on
analogue cockpits versus average visual scanning
of pilots trained on digital cockpits)
dependent t-test compares two related groups
within-subjects differences (also called repeated
measures) (eg, performance of A380 pilots before
and after 3 glasses of wine).
Week 9
Week 9
Training B
Male pilots
Female pilots
Week 9
driver/low demand
control/low demand
90
driver/high demand
control/high demand
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
pre-test
post-test
Week 9
Training B
Male pilots
Female pilots
Week 9
Nonparametric Tests
Performed when conditions of parametric statistics
are violated:
Week 9
Chi-square test
Analysis of count or frequency data (including %s)
Analysis of relationship between two variables
Data presented in Contingency or frequency tables
Test A
Test B
Test C
Row totals
Males
16 (15.1)
22 (26.2)
30 (26.7)
68
Females
15 (15.9)
32 (27.8)
25 (28.3)
72
Col totals
31
54
55
140
If any Expected cell sizes are small, better to use Fishers Exact test
Week 9
Differences
Week 9
Continuous
Relationships
Comparing
Two Groups
Comparing
> Two Groups
http://www.practicallyscience.com/choosing-a-statistical-test/
Week 9
ALSO:
Regression analysis
Factor analysis,
Discriminant analysis
etc
Week 9
Summary of
decisions in
choosing a
statistical test
StatsMiniBlog: Choosing a
test
30 Jun, 15
> 2 groups
No:
ANOVA
Yes:
Repeated
ANOVA
Week 9
Week 9
Week 9