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SrinivasanSoftwareSolutions:[DWH]SlowlyChangingDimensions
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[DWH]SlowlyChangingDimensions

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Slowly Changing Dimensions

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BI APPS (10)

In dimensional modeling, it is very important to determine how changes of data in the source

DATA WAREHOUSE
INFORMATICA (22)

reflect in dimension tables in data warehouse system. This phenomenon is known as slowly changing

INSTALL (18)

dimensions. This term comes from the reason that dimensions accumulates their changes at slow rate in

OBIEE (375)

compare with facts in the fact table.

There are three most common slowly change dimension types which are known as slowly changing dimension
type 1, type 2 and type 3. Lets examine each type and technique t deal with it in a greater detail.

PHP (1)
TABLEAU (52)

BlogArchive

2016 (33)
2015 (42)

Slowly changing dimensions type 1

2013 (419)
November 2013

In slowly changing dimensions type 1, when data in the source systems changed, the corresponding

October 2013

dimension attribute is overwritten. As the result, the dimension table does not represent history and historic

September 2013

context of existing facts is changed.

August 2013
June 2013 (7)

Slowly changing dimensions type 1 should be avoided as much as possible and only use to in case there is a

May 2013 (63)

need of correcting data in the source systems that will reflect in dimension table in data warehouse system.

April 2013 (9)

March 2013 (91)

Slowly changing dimensions type 1 example

Lets take a look at an example of slowly changing dimensions type 1 to get a better understanding.
In our sample star schema, we take DIM_PRODUCT dimension table as an example. Below is the sample data
of DIM_PRODUCT dimension table.

February 2013

[MSTG] Applying Selec

Or Slices

[MSTG] Execute Comm

Scripts

[MSTG] Security Mode

[MSTG] Hierarchy Dril

[MSTG] Using MicroSt

[MSTG] Comparison O
Of MicroStrateg...

[OBIEE 11g] KPI BASICS

[OBIEE 10g] Referencin

Session Variable In .

[OBIEE 10g] Using Rep

And Presentat...

[OBIEE 10g] Variables I

Database Requests

[OBIEE 11g] Application

From DEV to...

[SAP BO] Charts And D

Types And Conf...

[OBIEE 10g] Creating r

using OBI se...

[SAP BO] Dierent Out

[SAP BO] Drill In Busin

Figure 1. Slowly Changing Dimensions Type 1 Example

[SAP BO] Create Repor

[SAP BO] Filter Data

[SAP BO] SQL Develope

For OBIEE Deve...

[SAP BO] Ranking Data

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SrinivasanSoftwareSolutions:[DWH]SlowlyChangingDimensions

[SAP BO] Ranking Data

For some reasons, the product called Nikon Coolpix has a typo in the source system and that incorrect value

[SAP BO] How To Form

was loaded in the dimension table in data warehouse system. To apply slowly changing dimension type 1,

[SAP BO] Highlight Da

value in source system changed and value in data warehouse system get overwritten.

[OBIEE 11g] Adding Cal

[OBIEE 10g] Logical Di

Hierarchies

Slowly changing dimensions type 2

[OBIEE 11g] Building P

[DWH] Slowly Changin

In slowly changing dimension type 2, when data in the source system changed, a new version of the

[DWH] SnowFlake Sch

corresponding dimension row is created to preserve a version history and historic context of the facts. It is

[DWH] Star Schema

important to note that each time a change is made, a new record is inserted to preserve history therefore we

[DWH] OLAP

can preserve unlimited version history with slowly changing dimension type 2.

[DWH] Dimensional M

[DWH] Dierence Betw

OLAP

In the dimensional design, if you cannot decide what type of slowly changing dimension that applies to a

[DWH] Data WareHous

particular dimension, the type 2 is the safest way because when data in the source system changes, the

[DWH] Data Mart

dimension can use either type 1 or 2.

[OBIEE 10g] When OBI

Do Not Join To ...

[OBIEE 10g] Conditiona

On Other Colu...

Slowly changing dimensions type 2 example

[OBIEE 10g] Bubble Ch

In the figure 2 below, for example if the product category of product Id 4 changed into Electronics, instead of

[OBIEE 10g] Adding A C

Graphtype

overwriting the product category, we create a new record with single attribute that gets the new value so we

[SQL / PLSQL] Stored P

have two records one to preserve the history and one is for current analysis.

[SQL / PLSQL] Iterative

[SQL / PLSQL] What is

[OBIEE ] Excel As Data

[OBIEE 11g] Creating A

[OBIEE 11g] Generate M

Dictionary

[SQL / PLSQL] Unlocki

The Password ...

[ODI 11g] ODI Scenario

Figure 2. Slowly Changing Dimensions Type 2 Example

[SQL / PLSQL] Sql Quer

[OBIEE 10g] Enabling C

[OBIEE 11g] Title View

[OBIEE 10g N 11g] Imag

Slowly changing dimensions type 3

[OBIEE 11g] Write Back

[OBIEE 11g] Write Back

In dimensional design, sometimes you will have requirements that allows analysts to analyze facts recorded
before and after the change occurred using the old value and new value. None of both types above is suitable

[OBIEE 10g] Identifyin

Level

to address these requirements. In this case, type 3 is used.

[OBIEE 11g] Script Met

[OBIEE 11g] Adding Do

Files To The Cata...

In type 3, a pair of attributes is created to track current value and previous values. Whenever a change occurs,

[OBIEE 11g] Saving RPD

Content

both attributes get updated, no row is added. Be noted that type 3 only keeps track the current value and
most recent values not all historical values like type 2.

[OBIEE 11g] Multi User

Using SVN

[OBIEE ] Dierences B
Analytics And ...

Slowly changing dimensions type 3 example

[OBIEE 10g] Admin To

Sql Server

In the product dimension table we created a pair of attributes called CAT_CURRENT and CAT_PREVIOUS to

[OBIEE 10g] Running I

track the change. As shown in the figure 3 below, the product category of product Id 4 is kept track.

[OBIEE 10g] Aggregate

Wizard
January 2013
2012 (133)

Video

Figure 3. Slowly Changing Dimensions Type 3 Example

Slowly changing dimension summary

Slowly

Action

changing

Effects on facts
ContactForm

dimensions
http://ssssupport.blogspot.in/2013/02/dwhslowlychangingdimensions.html

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SrinivasanSoftwareSolutions:[DWH]SlowlyChangingDimensions

Type 1

Overwrite attribute value in dimension

Restate history

Name

Email *

table
Type 2

Insert new row in dimension table

Preserves unlimited history

Type 3

Create a pair of attributes to keep

Ability to analyze facts recorded before and

previous and current values. No new rows

after change happened using old value and new

are added.

value.

Message *

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SrinivasanSoftwareSolutions:[DWH]SlowlyChangingDimensions

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