SE00-02 | PREVIEW] Sales Engineer Handbook “Application Course” DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.Contents 1 Features of Various Systems .. 1-1 General Classifications... 1-2 Central system often used. 1-3. Inchoosing system ra Central System Selection. 2-1 Planning method of airconditioning systems 2-4-1 Planning concept of airconditioning systems. 2-4-2 Procedure of airconditioning system planning 2:2. Airconditioners.... 2-2-1 Fan coil unit 2-2-2 Packaged type alr-handling unt (Possible to call large or middle sized fan coll unt) 2-2-3 Model selection... 2-2-4 Air-Handling unit 2-3 Heat source equipment:Air cooled heat pump chiller. 2-8-1 What an air cooled heat pump chiller is... 2-3-2 Model selection of heat pump chiller .. 2-4 Fundamentals of water piping 2-4-1 Fundamentals of water circuit 2-4-2 Water piping systems. 3 Selection of VRV & HRV... 3-1 Design procedure of system to use VRV/HRV 3-1-1 Zoning inside building .. 3-1-2 Practical zoning 3-1-3 Outdoor unit's space check. 3-2 Heat load calculation... 3-3. Temporary selection of indoor units. ... 3-4 Temporary selection of outdoor units. ...... 3-5 Control planning 3-5-1 What's Super Wiring 3-5-2 Preliminary knowledge on the control system planning. 3-5-3 Control devices composed 3-5-4 Control group and zone... 3-5-5 Control devices and wiring cont 3-5-6 Concept of “Priority” contro! 3-5-7 Wiring error is avoidable. 3-5-8 Sequential starting, 3-5-9 Control wiring example.3-6 Ventilation planning 3-6-1 Decision of ventilation flow rate 3-6-2 Choice of ventilation system .. = 3-6-3 Ventilation air flow in whole building 3-6-4 HRV (Heat Reclaim Ventilation). 3-6-5 Exercise of ventilation design with HRV. 3-7 Drain piping planning. 4 Making Presentation For System Proposal . 4-1 Purpose of Presentation 4-2 Preparation Stage 4-2-4 Target Setting... 4-2-2 Indentty the right ting. 4-2-3 Key person Analysis... 4-2-4 What is an effective proposal?.. 4-3 Layout. 4-3-1. Layout of Pages for a Written Presentation 4-3-2 Layout of a Slide Presentation 4-3-3 Effectiveness of Visual Elements. 4-4 Comparison of Systems .. 4-4-1. Factors for Comparison 4-4-2 Layout of a Comprehensive Comparison Char. 4-4-3 Terms Indicating Relative Merits... 4-4-4 Example of a Comparison Chart of Air-Conditioning Systems . 4-5 Running Costs....csssesseenseen 4-5-1 The Operation Cost ..... 4-5-2 Ideal Calculation of the Operating Cost ‘ 4-5-3 Simplified Calculation of the Operating Cost .. 4-5-4 Electricity Expenses. 4-5-5 Water Expenses. 4-5-6 Unit Price of Energy 4-6 Simple Payback Period Calculation .. 4-6-1 Definition of Simple Payback Period 4-6-2 Cases in Which the Simple Payback Period Calculation is Etfective 4-6-3 Formula. 4-6-4 Example ofthe Simple Payback Period Calculation 4-7 Example of presentation sheet........Features of Various Systems1. Features of Various Systems ‘You must know various system except VRV forthe sake of reaching the knowledge of VRV system design and he selection Otherwise, you can't persuade estimated customers. This chapter takes up typical systems and the features with advantage/disadvantage will be roughly explained and discussed. 1-1 General Classifications ‘Central systems All air systems | hitler + Air Handling unit + Duet (Fig. 1) chiller + ir-Handting unit + VAV unit Fig. 2) Water to ae systems {Fach floor ai-handling unit + Duct (Fig. 3) All water systems [— Chiller + Two-pipe fan coil unit (Fig. 4) |— chiller + Thre-pipe fan coi unit (Fig. S) ‘— Chilter + Four-pipe fan coil unit Fig. 6) stems Individual sy’ All refrigerant systems |— Packaged airconditioner system ( | Mult-airconditioning system (VRV) (Fig. 8) [Description] ‘© Above classification, All air system, All water system, and Water to air system, isa superficial one. On an actual job being progressed, we won't say "Let's adopt All air system!" Instead, itis very common to say "Let's use a combination of chiller, air-handling unit and duct system!" Here above, that isa only thing to classify several air conditioning systems from academic point of view. ‘© In this connection, this classification method specifies the heart transfer media supplying heat to the space to be air ‘conditioned. An all air system supplies chilled or hot ai from an ait-handling unit to a space through ducts, and a water 10 air system once supplies chilled water or hot water to cols of ‘an air handling unit on each floor, and converts the energy into chilled air or hot air and finally is sent to a room space. or like that. © The advantages and disadvantages of each system are summarized on Table 1Fig. 1 Chiller + AirHandling unit + Duct system [Description] Outline of system is to install heat source equipment like ‘water chiller and big sized air-handling unit in a machine room on a basement, Chilled or hot air is delivered to each airconditioning space through a long distance duct, Fig. 8 Each Noor alr-handling unit + Duct system [Description] Chilled or hot water is supplied to air handling units on each floor where converts energy to chilled air or hot air which delivered to a room space. Many modern high-rise building adopt this type's central system. Fig. 2 Chiller + Air Hancling unit+ VAV unit VAY anit ‘A intake D Heating coil um dice f a [Deseription} Structured equipment till air-handling unit is the same to the system in Fig.1, but VAV unit is provided in the inlet duct connection on each floor VAY unit can throttle the air flow in a range of 30 ~ 100 4% based on a room temperature before supplying to a room. Fig. 4 Chiller + Two-pipe fan col unit system [Description] ‘Most popular fan coil unit system, ‘Three-way valve controls the inlet chilled or hot water in by-pass circuit or another way uses a flow control valve to save energy.Fig. 5 Chiller + Three-pipe fan col unit system Fig. 6 Chiller + Four-pipe fan coll unit [Description] ‘A system that chilled or hot water is always supplied to a three-way valve at fan coil’s inlet depending on a space temperature. On the return side, just one pipe is connected and ‘mixture will take place at an outlet of fan coil unit, then returns tothe heat source equipment. [Description] ‘Two coils ; for chilled water and hot water individually, are ‘mounted in fan coil unit, and each coil is connected to line ‘with a chilled or hot heat source. The change over between chilled and hot water is conducted by an inlet valve of fan coil unit Fig. 7 Packaged alr conaltoner system [Description] System which has been used from old times. Packaged air conditioners ae installed ina space and water piping are ‘commonly connected to each packaged airconditioner. Units ‘can operate individually Fig. 8 Mutiratcondiioning system (VRV) [Deseription] Air cooled outdoor units are installed at top or in terrace of building, and favorite indoor units are placed on an indoor space, and then combine these two Kinds units with refrigerant piping. Indoor units can be operated under a group control or ‘one by one individual coatrol1-2 Central system often used ‘The equipment, which will be explained in next chapter by using many pages, are fan coil unit, sit-handling unit and heat pump Unit as heat source because of the frequent use. Here, let me show you two plan view, Fig. 10 and L1, about central systems often used. Besides, a schematic view is shown in Fig. 9 where an air-handling unit and a fan coil unit cover loads in perimeter and interior zones respectively. Fig. 9 sieht . Fig. 10 : Each floor singlo duct VAV system [Description] Possible to save energy by every group with a VAV unit, But ithas disadvantage that every time when the air low rate changes, air distribution also varies and may give influence badly to the comfort Fig, 11 : Simultaneous use of fan coll unit and ait-hancling unit ge) ese f fy, "| on FW. Fan col watt [Description] Fan coil unit and air handling unit cover load in perimeter and interior zones respectively. This layout is often found in large sized buildings.‘Table 1: Each system's comparison (Mer/Demei) central air ducts are combined. Sometimes requires auxiliary fan ‘System: a Fig, to| Dificutty of individual operation control Difficulty of fresh air intake Possible to control each group's Chiles + Aichandling unit lig. 9 [flow rate. Fan is controlled by Ditto above one means of revolution, pels eae a »ssible to control by every floor intake style or central wit 2 = | Needs independent ventilation unit _ | control valve ‘hole on wall individually or | z 7 1 Cuter +Foursipe cit Tagg uo atove | Dito shove sysiern ie and whenever we want system is installed, Tacividual sy Malt i (vRV) ‘system is installed. To indoor units sree ) | Fig. 8 Ditto above ‘with fresh air intake hole, each floor‘Occupied level in indoor space Cost Initial cost Running cost [Needs due’ shaft and space above ceiling. [No need of space in oom. ‘Comparatively simple contol system just ‘with fresh air intake control or so. Duct installation cost occupies most of inital cost. IMD] ‘Costs much for fan operation. Impossible to save energy. Ditto above ‘Cost much money for system and devices related to VAV. (HIGHT ‘Costs much lower tha (MD) ‘Needs a machine room on each Toor. No need of space in oom. Shaft space is only for water piping ‘Coats much for installing many airhandling units, Enables shaft 10 be compact. [HIGH] High saving energy because of individual ‘opeation of air-handling units on each foot IMD] indoor unit is mounted above eeiing, no extra space for room. Floor standing type requires corresponding floor space in room is needed. invests much tothe control of fan coil unit, itresutts in power saving. Simple installation of fan coil units and power source equipment, (MID) 1 soving energy contol system is applied, it cost lower isp) Most of 3 oF4-pipe fan coil system apply ‘oor stnding unit which wil take a corresponding space. Water piping costs one and half imes to 2- pipe system, imp} ‘As eum water from cooling coil and beating coil are mixed together, it esults in energy Tosson power source equipment [HIGH] Ditto above ‘Water piping costs simply double. Fan coil unit itself is expensive with complexity. [HIGH] ‘Cosis much for duplicate supply of chilled / hot water tall times. [HIGH ‘Takes large space to place units and provide Pipings Possible to install standard units as hey ae, and very easy installation. LOW ‘COP of equipment self drei alfocs running ‘cost No extra heat loss other than this. Lowy Enables shaft to be smal size compared 10 ‘Water piping or duct system If indoor units mounted above ceiling, no extra space for room is needed. High unit cost because all necessary sophisticated devices were equipped inthe factory. Costs lower than central system bocatse ofits implicit IMD] High efficiency equipment itself. Least power consumption among all system fexpressed here. Same condition for ventilation system with othe systems. [Low]1-3 In choosing system Big difference of VV to other system Let's take up the example of airconditioning surroundings from Japan. Any building with 3,000 cai or more floor area must be complied with Building Management Act (BMA). In planing airconditioning system, such a large building, the designer of the system is required at least a few years experience, sometimes ten years or more. Do you have ever visited any office where system engineers work? In such office, there are many bookshelves on which a lot of catalogues, technical handbooks of | accessories, related to airconditioning systems, given by the manufacturers of the accessories. You may feel dizzy when you see handbooks as many as several ten's concerning valves, pumps, functional devises, electric components and so force are put ‘on shelves. It should be one of the important technique charging for engineers to handle these handbooks easily. Conversely, no need of bookshelves for VRV. Only one desk with deep drawer is enough. The latest several engineering handbooks might be stocked in the drawer. Thus, you can start system designing with VRV. Two or three years experience ‘would be sufficient to handle the VRV system design, Moreover, some handbook of ventilation, for example HRV's ‘engineering data, might be ready in your stock. It is another point of VRV's advantage that the short required time and no need cf many years experience for the system designing, because almost required electronic or functional devices are inherently built in the unit, System selection which every body will agree. Now, next subject is concemed to the circumstances. No matter how you will become aware of advantage of VRV, you will not be able to expect that the estimated customer will willingly agree to apply VRV immediately because there is some other circumstances tll to reach the assessment, Here, the summary of factors to reach a conclusion of adopting airconditioning systems might be described. ‘Take a look at Fig. 12 in next page. This is the chart which has been used in DAIKIN training center for a long time. Every ‘year come many attendants to study from various countries in the world, ‘There have been many experts who have been in charge of designing central airconditioning systems for many years so far. ‘Those kinds of people have agreed upon the facts this chart describes, while saying "That's it!” Let's explain more about this. 1) How the related people are familiar to the system, ‘Owners, design consultants, design engineers, and workers are tend to like using the system to which they have been familiar for along time. 2) What style does the building have? ‘What application does the building have? New building or retrofit? Is the power supply enough? Is sufficient space available? (for piping shaft, duct, space above ceiling, ete.) '3) What circumstances is the building in? Is surrounding air clean or contaminated. Are there a lot of dust? Does salty air blow? Much noise is emitting? 4) What comfort level is require. ‘Temperature, humidity and its range. Fresh air intake rate. Air distribution. Operation sound. '5) What's the cost to be able to extend. For equipment, installation work, operation and maintenance,Fig. 12. Big fe factors betore going into system design Factors meshed with each other - vee) (cnnmnans ~ y ARE ACCUSTOMED TO Koo Sue SITUATION Polluted ‘surrounding (Salty air...) HOW Designers Customers CIRCUMSTANC Pollution (Air, Water a) Noise Fresh air ON LEVEL vas ee ( Piping shaft ‘enpernan) Duct space Humidity New or Existing \ gage above, mee aN =) si— | Central System Selection |2. Central System Selection 2-1 Planning method of airconditioning systems 2-4-1 Planning concept of airconditioning systems Main elements to decide airconditioning systems is to check and make sure a building grade, application, purpose, scale and an actual use of building, while checking up the owner's needs and a philosophy of the building designer. -<> Blements Factors (Examples) High:-lass, Midale-class, Low-cost, Year-ound Grade | airconditioning, Seasonal airconditioning Purpose | Own office building, Rental office building Application | Office, Hal, Hospital, Hotel ‘Operation hours, Heat source generated intemally (Pasons, Airconditioning | yymynation, instruments), Future extension or alteration, elements fr | Room temperate and humidity, Aircealines, A applications | distribution, Ventilation rate = Fat building, Muli-story bing, Smal sale, Mid sae, fe Large scale “Automate contra, Manual contol, Semi-automatic oto, Being in use | Bach oom contol, Zone consol, Cental conta, Remedy fr saving energy -<> ‘Contzol wo Be able wo Saving energy Tndividually controllable follow Load variation [> (eduction of runing cost) [7 ‘system ' 1 i 1 i (Change of 1 7 parition) ‘Comfortable ustibaion of |_! : temperate and ae How (user's nees) iverson of he room f L 1. Conorabie airconditioning ‘System bo able o cape with 1 acy maintenance Tastallation cost with Easy handling oF management TL igh cost performance i ‘operation Basic design concept Required performance from users. Ena realization of design concept -12-2-4-2. Procedure of airconditioning system planning ‘Gusiomer’s needs, Specs. ‘of room, Application, Usage, Plan & its conditions Here it will be decided 1 use fan coil units, air handling units and air source heat pump chillers. ‘Bach rooms Feat load calculation, and tose sums including whole building and individual zone. flere, the kinds and the model willbe decided for fan coi units and aie handling units Desision of airconditioning Ventilation plan system and its heat source ‘Smoke exhausting plans vice of aicondioners| |} Veniaion rt] Choice of ar handing unit Plan of duet system_ ‘Anti-vibration / ian of chilled fot water ping system ‘Sound attenuation pans (Choice of fan coil unit Here, Capacity ofthe sir source heat pump chiller willbe decided, ‘Automate control 7 Geral contol ie side / Heat ‘management plan(or Design) sie eat Decision of specifications make out design drawings) Structure of design drawings: External drawing of equipment Specifications (equipment itself, whole accessories) Equipment layout drawings (airconditioner, ventilator, water piping, duct layout, ee.) Wiring diagram (Internal wiring, extemal wiring, schematic control diagram ) Exterior drawing of elecic components (electric board, et.) 13+2-2 Airconditioners 2-2-1 Fan coil unit What a fan coll unit is. ‘A fan coil unit is composed of an air heat exchanger, a small fan, filter, and a casing. There are a variety of types such as floor standing type, concealed floor standing type, ceiling suspended type, ceiling mounted type, ceiling mounted cassette type. floor standing lowboy type, concealed floor standing lowboy type, and concealed wall mounted type, ete Fan coil unit has many applications and will be installed on a guest room of hotel, hospital, perimeter equipment in office building. Chilled water (5~7°C) o hot water (40 ~ 80°C) is supplied from heat source equipment such as a water chiller or so to fan coil units, and coolAdehumidify or heat room's air. Chilled/hot water piping and drain piping are connected to fan coil units. © Heat exchanger Ttconsiss of copper bes with aluminum fins whose rows are two or thee rows. In coling mode, chilled ‘water is supplied tothe coll where air in room is Cooled down and deburiified. Simultaneously, condensed water generate on srface ofthe heat exchanger drops on a drain pan and flows out through ‘drain pipe. In beating mode, hot water is supplied an heats wp room air. Fig.3. Structure of floor standing type fan col cont Machine pate frome shy @ Fan ‘Mult-blade centrifugal fan with both sides suetion are coften used. The numbers of fans used depend on the unit capacity and generally 1 ~ 4 fans are used. Flow control mechanism uses mainly the three steps change-over type and another type with linear change- cover between high and low is available. High static pressure model of concealed duct connection type is available because duct connection arises extra pressure loss. @ Filter Filter generally uses materials washable like saran-net. Optional high efficieney filter coping with Building Management Act is available ® Casing Tris made of steel and lines casing with glass wool with a finished surface as insulators on the necessary part 4Various types of Fan coil unit (1) Ceiling mounted cassette type ‘The adoption of new interior panel, with one to four selectable air outlets to realize the perfect comfort suitable for rooms, makes it possible to get comfort and increase the sense of interior. Further, quiet operation, op class in the industry, is designed. Wide variety of models are provided such as specified model for hotel, large sized four-way flow model for ‘wide space or shopping center ‘Two-way flow type: FWHC (2) Ceiling mounted duet type Ducting system covering small space to large space with various layout pattems allows the realization of high quality and quiet airconditioning. Many variety of models to suit installing conditions are available. Ceiling mounted type: FWHM- (3) Ceiling suspended type. Easy installation work / ceiling suspended type. ‘No need to require wide space on a floor. Easily it can cope ‘with the extension in the existing buildings or the replacement of the airconditioning systems. Ceiling suspended type: FWH~ (4) Floor standing type ‘The most suitable models for perimeter airconditioning with slim design as approx. 22cm depth. Lowboy type is available ready for a low projection wall (lowboy type's depth : approx. 35cm). Easy maintenance and quick adaptation to extension or replacement, Floor standing type: FWV~ (5)Concealed floor standing type Designed so slim that can be installed on the limited place beneath a window and to suit perimeter zone air conditioning. Concealed floor standing type: FWVM- = 18 CColing mounted cassotte two-way flow type Cling mounted type Cling suspended type Floor standing ype Concealed floor standing ype2-2-2 Packaged type air-handling unit (Possible to call large or middle sized fan coil unit) (1) Ceiling suspended duct type UAHM 90A(Z) ~ 450A(Z) “Main unit is hid out and possible to provide flexible duct distribution airconditioning to suit a room shape and conditions in use. (2)Floor standing duct type UAVP 90A ~ 6004, Realized duct distribution airconditioning with easy installation floor standing type coping with diversity of | airconditioning with a variety of models. UAVP300A -16-2-2-3 Model selection ‘There are two cases ; Models have been decided, or Models will be decided through airconditioning systems planning, (A) In case that models have been decided. ‘When equipment list is submitted from building designer's office, construction company. facilities engineering company or so, ‘will proceed the selection work based on the list proposed. (A)Example of submitted equipment list and specifications. On the lis, specific conditions of required equipment in the plan of airconditioning systems for the building. Generally, these figures on the list (Specifications = required figure for the systems) are different from the figures shown in catalogue. It is needed to select the equipment based on the equivalent to or bigger values than the figures on the list proposed. FCU: Fan col units code Number: Represented airflow rate _- Showing model seis Ba ase vos] frome] = Spreatectcnm | Paar [er] tom] toot Fan coll [pe YG Concealed oor sting yp) [1-100 [0037 | 5 [3xd-Roor ‘ih coment unit [Cooingeapaciy 1, 150Kal/h (SH) T,500KealTh TH) VIP meeting room Hestingcpaciy —2730Kcatmh lc wats fo rae 5 Jmin (7.0°C-120°C, 55.°C-50.8°0) Aitlow rate 310m ter Manufacturer's standard spec. Accrsory Remo si Liter afc Fle 2 pes Casta eae 9 we FCU- | Fan coil [Type #300 Concealed floor standing type [1-100 | 0.051 | 5 |4ibfloor Small | with connection uct St | unit [Cloingcapaciy 1730 call SH) 2.288kealh (TH) eae Heating apeiy 3880 Kcalh . te Managesofce (2)Required conditions for model selection Read the following conditions through an equipment list or airconditioning systems drawings. ® Model series type) @ Air flow rate m/min © External pressure loss mml20 (for duct type only) ® Cooling capacity kealfa total heat - sensible heat © Heating capacity cals © Air conditions in cooling scDB, °CWB in heating scpB © Chilled water conditions (Water temperature, water flow rate) °C, L/min © Hot water conditions (Water temperature, water flow rate) °C, L/min © Air filters specifications ® Humidifying method - humidified volume kg © Presence of special specifications 7.(3) Model selection © Model series ‘Choose models which suits the airconditioning purpose and construction conditions. Since the types and air flow rate have been generally decided by building design office or construction company, select the models among models listed ® External static pressure ‘When the ceiling mounted concealed duet type is used, some air pressure is required to send air forward to diffusers against resistance inside duct system proportional to the duct length, This pressure i called external static pressure and ‘ust be hold securely in the equipment side. As fan coil unit has its own fan motor inherently, check to make sure if the external static pressure of the fan coil unit you are going to us isin a permissible range or not. Fig. 14: Extomal state pressure chart Note) Use fan col unit in this chart’ range ‘¢ FWHMTA(Z)- 24(Z) -3A(Z) -4A(Z) -6A(Z) ‘S FWMFIAZ) -2A(2)- 3A(Z) - 4A(Z) AZ) (¢ FWMS2A- 9A. 4-6 g E § : : 1 FE pressure = + at oO T2545 5789 11 1215 4 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 tow (mn) ® Capacity selection Since the characteristics and airflow rat of fan coil unit are decided! depending on the model, select the models in accordance withthe customers requirements. As the capacity and condition the customer will propose are different in every object, be sure to check up the details aecordng othe technical materials at every occasion, The capacities the customer offer us show “Total heat” and "sensible heat", so choose the models so that these two capacities must be satisfied simltaneously For more information, the less the ar flow rate, the less the capacity. Accordingly, pay attention to that fact forthe duct ‘connection type. eeKey points to refer to technical documents Classified by modele and types entative ai conditions Listed in both eapeciis of total Representative inlet water temperatures saree posta Some haee Seow “aecosreecwe 27°C0.B,19.0°CW.B PCOBISS'CW.B ‘28CD.B.22.0°CWy 5 if ° sf]? 5 : ° D ‘ ° com et Lelaey | re |snc| ve Janel re Jane} re [snc] re fave) ve Janel re Jsue| re Jone] re Janel re [sel re Jane re [oc rar 1s0[-o [om oa vm a aaa al eva [or [va al sana aoe ne a ae 20 2 aon vr eve [a0 | safes nanan lana oda an a) va 3 0 9 oa [8 Pa at aaa ve av aan alae va aaa) va 20 [26 fos al av eve a a aaa laa eva aaa) va [Las | ox [rand urd | aa na a va [13 feared ee val av csc a seve [Too [as fea asker a el of ac 2a veo | 22 [ame zo)zeo a > re see [41 fafa eae of ee nnn fat [eae oer area ene sa 0_[ 17 [oral zz eh aa a2) 2): | 2 a ee ol 2 seve [aoa [27 [ssl aan a 2 asa] a2 a 20209 0 ane 2s aa er 2 re ae 2 a a 2 ‘0 se oa ae a 2 cern nn a a ee] 20a © aa ace eae a | ac | ce ae ce ar le a 7 ae xo ar nae ee afar aed ae saan aa aad an eve [as <0 ta 1 a me ve an a re econ oa oe a ‘a es an aa | 3 a rea a re ea ae ae 200 | -2_[sa] re ra a ana ar a a mr ar | 7a] ao al 100 |_| ean ance | a | | a aes se so] ae 180 |14 |e ec a aa ass | > Owners needs, Budget Building structure, Seale Indoor interior Indoor environments grade © esis : sore eaugmest : aertempentate imeotonby piping! Zoning plan of room space "To make out sats tie table of cooling / ‘eating Toads by zone lation of at ‘of model 3 Toad Tor seleation isby zone Choice of types Decision of required unit number ‘Decision of cooling heating load bya nit To check up the conditions for evaluation of equi ipments capacity ‘del secon ast Cooling bestia. 9b wehial docanens = Egpment copay ising up of exesary codons fer selon fea sour equipment, pap. an ing Decision of optional accessory ate ‘Add allowance to heat load for model selection 10% for heating load ‘Temperature distribution, Air flow distribution Cooling toad : total heat, sensible heat ‘ating load: sensible heat (otal eat) Chilled (hot) water inet temperature, water flow rate ‘Suction air condition DB - WB Chilled (hoe) water inlet temperature, water flow rate, loss head2-2-4 Air-Handling unit (A) What air-handling unit is, {5 Equipment to make cooling air or heating air and to supply clean air with controlled temperature and humidity. Basie structure Air handling unit consists of ; (a) Fan to supply air (b) Chilled water (hot water coil) () Steam coil to make hot air (@) Humidifier o add moisture to the air (6) Air filter to clean up the air (Fan, Fan motor) (Water coil) (Steam coil) (Humidifier, Eliminator) (Air filter) ‘and so forth. All these components are builtin the casing of one package. Fig. 16 : Basie structure (Example: standard verical type) Aer CECE, ie | ole le & | Se |e o Companion flange at air discharge outlet oy @ Fan © ea 4 @ Fanmetor = @ Water ol © Steam heater a ® spray noze © eliminator chamber © imnator © Drain out @ fir ftor chamber 1 ar tter (3 Belt guard 3 a | \ \ {B Access door é¢s { Companion lange at ar suction inet Note) This figure shows the case of AV(K) 43EA, SIEA, 66EA, 7SEA(8) Selection order Flow chart Required conditions for selection 1.-Air flow m/min ‘Conversion formul 2. External static pressure smmH:O Bak Teall 397 3. Cooling capacity keal/h | kW Kealth x 0.001163, “4 Heating capacity kath Inches =mm x 000394 mn pace Founds =kg 2205 5.Air conditions ‘CDB, "CWB Bi Bim x14 6.Chilled water conditions °C, &/min KPa akglem> x 98.07 (Water temp., water flow) | im =mvmin X 35.3 7. Hot water conditions °C, & min US Gallons =Liter Xx 0.264 Gasca ts) UK Gallons Liter _% 0.220 8, Steam conditions kglem’G, °C ©. 10,200 kealh = 10200 x 3.97 (Pressure, temperature) 500 Bru 9. Air filter specifications 10. Humidifying capacity keh 11 Humidifying method and conditions (pressure) kavem’G 12.Installation conditions Conditions of low chart Reference ea — Internal static pressure loss ~ \ a. static pressure rrr a (ea > RD (SP) [cea - General Specifications Caleulation for capacity of water coil @e< ne cee | Caleulation for internal 7 Static pressure loss Waterco internal head loss Selection of aie filters Selection of humidifiers Standards attachment of eliminator Per | (cession { mt oupu > Selection of fan Dimensions Alteration of air discharge Airection and motor installation position Weight ble : . Selec 7, SS 23 -(©) Examples of model selection | Air flow Q 190m Fin (11,400m°") —— ‘Mode! selection Select a model among the three models, AV/HI7EA, AVIMISEA and AV/H23EA which have been selected from the specifications with ar flow within the limit. In addition, select either AV or AHT depending on cond tions for installation, AVISEA v Calculation for capacity of water coil Obtsin equied row number of wate coil () in accordance | with capacity eaeolaton for water eo. Incase heat source is hot water, water col ean be used both for cooling and heating. In this ese, however, select larger row number N ‘Water coil internal head loss (Obiain col internal head loss both with co internal wate \elocity (Vw) which was obtained during the capacity caleultion of water coi and with single Now coil head Toss for 6 0% Col internal head loss 2.020 is obtained from Vw for cooling = 0.983 mis Coil internal head oss 0.7 mH is obtained from Vw for heating = 0.423 mis Calculation for capacity of steam coil Incase heat source is steam, obtain capacity according to capacity ealelation fo steam col. (nthe example, hot water is used for heating) v Air filter selection Choose the most suitable ir filter from the ai filter selection or rll er Middle efficiency type: Chemical fibre 18mm thick Humidifier selection Select the mos suitable humidifier from humiier seleton Required humiiying capacity 20. kg. Water spray type, Humidying capacity 30 kgf Necessity of eliminator and selection Water spray type humidifier is used asedon installa standard of eliminator. ae External Internal static pressure loss Oban it fom caleulation of internal static pressure loss. Entering air dew point temp. t= 18.5°C Eniering chilled water temp. ev, = 7°C Tnereasng factor of static pressure due to wetness of coil (is obtained with tau, = 185-7 State pressure loss for 6xow coil for casing and water coil is obtained as follows with h Hy x h= 120 % 1.19= 143 mmkiO State pressure loss with ar flter H, State pressure loss with eliminator Teal sta pressure loss CObrain motor output in accordance with fan selection together with total static pressure and ie low rate Fan moor rating 5.SkW Fanspeed 956 rpm Fan ype Day ‘Check for installation See the following Alteration of air discharge direction and motor installation positon Weight table Installation (Service space)7. Caleulation for capacity of water coil Calculation formula Calculation example Cooling eating 1. Given conditions 2) Most AV IEA AV I9EA ®) Aifiow nmin 190 190 2) Cool capacity atikcaim 76600 4) Heating capacity aHikcalh) 6000 6) Even arte. tice B) 281 15a fa\COWB) 215 £) Emerng water temp. wc 7 © 2) Waterflow 10 min 2553 ho 1) Leaving water emp. wyO) 2 0 ecu ieg oral li — 1 1a 2 Obtain col Face velocity (Va) mv) oo a= 1260 an *-COXAE os 180 ‘Aa (nis col face area, whichis obtained fom Vex gore ray "25 ax iam ~25! specications 3. Obtain coil neal water velocity (Vw) (a5) awa v= 2883 ‘Aw en) is section area on waterside whichis obtained oxais from specification “4 Obiain leaving air conditions For cooling: 4-1 Obtain leaving sir enthalpy is (kealkg) *-Otin emigre alt) fom poco cha sie ayy deans) ae Assume necessary row number Nas follows For normal air conditioning, 6 row For large volume of fesh air intake, 8 row «. Obtain bypass factor BF from Table AV-1 with coil face velocity (Va) 4. Obtain leaving air temp. ta (°CD.B) from piychrometric chart as BF = —2 ns Leaving at For heating: 4-2 Obsain eaving sir emp. ta; °CD.B) tay = tae + LES = 3x 190 ~ i,= 1496-560 =9.36 N=0 (Assumption) BP=0.17 150 tay = 154+ 2354 TX 190 Saar5. Obtain sensible ea actor SHF For cooling: 024 X (ta,~ta) sur= 4% Note: Incase SHF < 095 calculate wth SHE obtained from the above formula Incase SHF 2 0.95, caleuate with SHF = [ For heating: SHI SHE SHP=1 6. Obiain coefficient of overall heat transmission K tkeal/r2h*C, row) dp sounsis Obtain 2 from Table AV-2 with coil face velocity Va By 001135 R . 204 Cobian 8 rom able AV3 with oli ate «= oo as velo =6 ta Senile eat anf coffe aisle (kedmth °C) cxw-Heat anf even rae sie (kealm2h°O) Rats between exteral and neal ‘urface area 7 Obtain logrthnic mean emp. dfeence ‘imc Forcooling 281-122 161 ay is0-7=80 Agsen—as4=246 % From Char AVL From Chart AVI =m CO) sin 116 sim = 290 ‘When obtaining from eakulstion aie teats 23 xox 10) When obsning from Chart obtsin from hart AV. T.Calevlaton fr necessary row number N aor it : 000 NS Aa x St 9. Decision of row number (Note 1) Tn case coil ean be used fr cooling value {inthe example, 6-0W coil is used) @ote2) If necessary row number obtained from the cae in itfers greatly with assumed row number, recalculate it after changing assumption of row number (Note 3) Tn case of 8 < 3, consult Dakin ing, use larger Use 610W coil SHE 1.260 XD. =331 N=drowTable AV. Bypass factor BF Table AV.2. Ua Table AVS. Rlaw Cale vey ‘Water coll ow number Coils weeny Cam merat Vacmis) | Srows | Grows | Srows | 1Orowa Vacmis) | Vea neieCrheal) — _“"Vnes)™ | law mica) 20 | 027 | o14 | oo7 | 000 2.00 0.02806 02 0.01956 21 | 027 | _o1s | 008 [008 205 0.02854 03 ois 22 | 028 [015 | 00s | 004 2.10 (0.02815 mn (01135 23 | 029 | 016 [008 | 00s 215 02778 05 0.00951 24 | 029 | 016 | 009 | 005 2.20 02781 06 0.00827 25 | 030 | 017 | 009 | 00s 225 (0.02705 07 0.00731 26 [ost | 017 | 009 | 005 230 02671 os 0.00657 27 [031 | ats | 010 | 006 235 (0.02637 os 0.00598 28 | 032 | 018 | 010 | 006 2.40 0.02606 10. 0.00549 29 [033 | ato | 010 | 006, 245 0.00575 Li 0.00500 30 [033 { ato | on | 006 250 0.02584 12 (0.00875 “The table is prepared for in pitch 3.5mm. 255 902515 13 oe 2.60 (0.00487 La 0.00420 205 0.02489 us (0.00397 2.70 (0243 16 (00377 215 02407 17 0.00359 2.80 (0.02382 18 0.0385 2.85 (002357 19 0.00329 2.90 (0.02334 20 0.00316 2.95 0 3.00 02288 Chart AV-1, Logarithmic mean temp. citference Atm (°C) | i | | | , om Lice te ‘hem = t= A -27- ‘Flog Gu /Be)2-3 Heat source equipment : Air cooled heat pump chiller 2-3-1, What an air cooled heat pump chiller is. Central airconditioning system requires chilled water in cooling mode and hot water or steam in heating mode. Equipment to ‘make chilled water, hot water, and steam is given a generic name a heat source equipment or a primary equipment which has many variety of the types. ‘An air cooled heat pump chiller produces chilled water( planing outlet water temperature in a range of 5 ~ 9°C) and hot water (planing outlet water temperature in a range of 45~53°C), and then supplies the water to airconditioners. Hence, the big difference to an airconditioner can be said that an airconditioner produces chilled air or hot air, while a chiller produces chilled water or hot water. Fig. 16 Aircooled heat pump chiler structure (example) © Compressor @ Waterside heat exchanger ® Airside heat exchanger Propolis fan 5) Fan motor ® Electric pane! 28 -‘Structured components (1) Compressor A compressor type, totally hermetic reciprocating, totally hermetic scrawl, semi-hermetic single screw, is chosen so as to suit the planning applications which will operate in high efficiency. (2) Water side heat exchanger ‘Water side heat exchanger, durable tube type, plate type made of stainless steel, dry type shell and tube, also is chosen so as to suit the requirement to produce chilled water and hot water in high efficiency. A freeze up protection thermostat is equipped. (3) Air side heat exchanger ‘This is a cross fin coil type heat exchanger composed of copper tubes and aluminum fins. In heating mode (producing hot ‘water), drain water exhausting problem will take place because defrost operation is needed periodically due to formation of frost on the heat exchanger depending on the ambient. Besides, in a location where strong side wind blows or snow accumulates on the machine, some counter measure is needed beforehand. (4)Propeller fan and fan motor 'As a propeller fan is directly connected to a fan motor, number of fan will be determined based on the chiller capacity, For ‘example , one fan to smallest capacity and twelve fans to biggest capacity unit, Especially we take a consideration of fan blowing noise and try to reduce such a noise. (5) Water temperature control Chilled water and hot water control is standardized to carry out in accordance with the detection of water temperature atthe inlet of water side heat exchanger. However, a chiller on which a hermetic single screw compressor is mounted can be changed to other control method like a detection of water temperature at the water outlet (outlet temperature control). (40 ~ 120HP) Fig. 17 [Example of water temperature conto of air cooled heat pump chiller 1180 type (40 HP) Inet water temperature contol Outlet water temperature contrat F 8 demon i it i aoa8 4 (uwystt808 (uwysrte08 | Example of thermostat citferential setting by 2°C) Example of thermostat dilerential setting by 2°C) = 29+2-3-2 Model selection of heat pump chiller (A) In case that equipment specification is decided ‘When equipment list based on the system plan is offered by a building design office, building construction company and so forth, the model selection should be proceeded depending on the equipment list. (1) Example of equipment specification list ‘Shows equipment code ‘Shows compressor motor output RE-O2 >| Water cooled serew a) Rane CCT] 1 refrigeration machine USRT) BS So ean a tod a Dea Ce ane cp 1 in Pee: ae esate 1-38 Warton Sila ews Se cig uri cope 2-37 Wat Per snr [tune Tagen 1 Candee ny te 3 Gist cee TP [Acacia aD) ARSON OTST TTI saa . ecg Sa cin cee Saehecs cacti 3-$CMsr Ora din Pes ss 2a fsa citenpeeSSCMurfov etm Psat: 2a ficken ening 35 Catone? cede / Budget + Discusion of quick Parition of heat source equipment quantities Selection of heat source equipment | ~ response to the prade of importance fr the system (Check up chilled / hot water Flow rate -33-2-4 Fundamentals of water piping 2-4-1 Fundamentals of water circuit ‘There are an open circuit and a closed circuit for circulation water circuit. (2) Open cireuit (Open circuit isthe circuit in which an expansion tank doesn't use but the piping is connected to a thermal tank or so where ‘water opens to the ambient. There are varity of the kinds as follows, Heat source Pimp oat source ae Cooking water cut ‘ermal storage tank ores nbuling and so force Fig. 18 Open circut (A) Fig. 19 Open circuit (8) 2) Closed circuit ‘A closed circuit isa circuit in which water doesn't open to the ambient. (including a circuit in which an expansion tank is connected to open water to the ar inthe out of the circulation line). Expansion tank (Closed expansion tank Alcondioner =| Pump “tT ‘Alconcstioner Host source equipment Poe Heat source Fig. 20 (A) Closed circuit (Pressurized by ait) Fig. 21 (B) Closed crcut (Pressurized by water head)Pump Host source © (a) g — ‘Cosod expansion tank Water tan Fig. 22 (C) Closed circuit (Pressurized by pump) (3) Comparison between open circuit and closed circuit It can be clarified the difference between open circuit and closed circuit by watching the required output of pump motor to circulate system water and the piping endurance. For open circuit, the pressure in tubes at the outlet of equipment on the highest position must be hold above atmospheric pressure from a view point of eliminating mixed air. Accordingly, the pump head requires the corresponding static head to this height. The pump required head, or required out put will become bigger by the equivalency, Corrosion inside tube is influenced by air volume inside tube, or oxygen volume. Therefore, there will be many cases air may always mix into water circuit in open circuit, and unless otherwise proper water treatment will be conducted, corrosion will be promoted, causing short-life of pipes. Instead, closed circuit requires sufficient air purging and proper installation of expansion tank are required in initial stage of ‘operation. However, the pump's required head can be reduced corresponding to the static head, and air mixture will not take place because of no touch to air, resulting in rare corrosion rate and few water treatment. Fig. 23 (4) Example of common system with air cooled heat purp chiller Expansion ‘ank Fan cot unit Hoa source Heat souce Fan col unt Uke FeIna system that air cooled heat pump chiller is used, piping system, shown in Fig, 23 on previous page or Fig. 24 shown right, is adopted. The important subject here is to instal expansion tank — Hest source 1 mor higher above fan coil unit atthe top position (5) Example of mistakable water circuit (2) Pump and tank are installed in the outlet side of heat source equipment Problems @ Intel pressure around heat source equipment and pump is at tobe below atmospheric pressure. toxeral pressure after fan coil units apr tobe below atmospheric pressure ifthe piping distance from fan col to heat source equipment is long (b) Expansion tank is connected between pump and heat source equipment. Problems @ Internal pressure around fan col unit located at highest position is apt to be below atmospheric pressure © location of expansion tank is low, internal pressure somtimes falls to below atmospheric Pressure even though in the outlet side. (c) Expansion tank is connected in the outlet side of heart source equipment. Problem (D Intemal pressure is apto be below atmospheric pressure around fan coi unit at highest position, f[ peri Fig. 24 Heat source Fig. 28 Fig. 27 Fan cov uit Fan cal unit Expansion tank —— Pump2-4-2 Water piping systems ‘There are various water piping of chilled hot water, cooling water, and high temperature water in airconditioning systems. For planning water piping, keep in your mind the following suggestions. © Water must be supplied proper volume to proper places (corresponding to airconditioning load) ® The loss due to heat loss and friction loss should be as small as possible. @® Never arise mechanical trouble such as water streaming noise, pipe vibration, or tube expansion due fo temperature difference. @ Never arise water trouble such as water expansion, air mixture, or water quality’s influence, water velocity. © Make arrangement for easy service work and easy maintenance, (1) Piping system Many types of classification are available for water piping systems. Here, "Method by return water” , "Method by water pipe number" and "Method by flow control" will be discussed. @ Method by return water (@) Direct rewm system ‘The piping length connected to the fan coil unit at the nearest location to heat source equipment isthe shortest, while the piping connected to the fan coil unit atthe farthest location is the longest. ‘Thus, the head loss of each fan coil unit is different to each other, Accordingly, water channeling will easily happen and necessitate control mechanism at each fan coil unit (b) Reverse return method Since the piping lengths to go and back are almost equal to and make piping friction loss equal, this method gives good balance of water flow rate to each fan coil unit. Conversely, it has disadvantage like the total length of piping is longer and required space for piping is larger. However, another merit is to enable flow control easier attest run or maintenance work. Fig. 26 ‘<> samcat vat a eee -<> Fan call unt cayMethod by piping number (a) Single pipe method: Method to be used in small scale hot water heating. Low cost in installation work but difficult in flow control. (b)Two-pipe method: Commonly used method. Consists of one pipe to each to go and back piping. Chilled or hot water to fan coil unit in use. (©) Three-pipe method: Two pipes, and one pipe are provided for supply and return piping respectively. When cooling and heating are needed simultaneously in one building, hot water and chilled water flow in separate pipe 10 supply energy to fan coil unit, and then return through one return pipe in mixed condition with chilled/hot water. Finally, one return piping separate into two which flow into separate heat source ‘equipment, (@)4-pipe method: For avoiding demerit of 3-pipe method, supply and return pipes are separately provided. Consists of supply two pipes and return two pipes of chilled /hot water. Fig. 28 < Fan col unit cites Ft water tion <<2-pipe methods> cnitled T T Seater od F*L -< Suc vate" Hotwatee>—— Ed See etm water Fan coll unt Method by flow control (a) Constant flow method. ‘The flow in this side of fan coil unit (atthe outlet of a contro! valve) keeps constant flow rate. Namely, chilled/hot water pump’s flow rate is constant always without relation of Toad variation in constant flow method, (©) Variable flow rate method ‘There would be no problem to vary water flow rate or chilled/hot water temperature in accordance with the variation of heat load in order to keep room temperature constant, This method will contribute to save energy. “The method to take this into consideration is a variable water flow rate method. For more specific, two-way valve is used for flow control so as to control air temperature.Here, le’ show one example which uses big sized water chiller with fan coil units and primary pump covers a primary circuit with heat source equipment, and secondary pump covers a secondary circuit with terminal units like fan coil units Fig. 81: Example of system with primary pumps and secondary pumps, (Features group management of purnps and variations of fan col unit connection) EXP tank Fan coil [fac [gc [fac ‘iecuit | if Secondary primate Guitler pO? Mi : Va be €)- oe 7 * from boiler Outdoor thermostat yeat exchanger'“--- to boiler "Non control system just stop valves at both inlet and outlet of water piping are provided, In the midale position of fan coil line-up: Two-way control system, Motorized valve controls water flow rate to fan coil units by detecting room temperature. Good control performance, ‘Transports power saving will be achieved by this system in a linkage of pump's group management and inverter pump. Internal water flow rate of Fan coil varies but water flow rate in the circuit keeps constant. However, pumping water flow rate keeps constant which will < Primary circuit +—— Secondary circuit > 7 FCU at top position In the bottom position of fan col line-up: result in no saving of transport power. ‘V6: Differential pressure regulating valve: When controlling water flow rate by means of two way valve, return water volume to chiller reduces and becomes afraid of freezing evaporator in chiller. This isthe valve to avoid such trouble beforehand by making water in high pressure side to low pressure side bypass. V1. V2, V3, V4: Switching valve of chilled water to hot water. -39-(2) Piping selection © Determination of chilled /hot water flow rate ge 4: airconditioning load (keal/h) ee At: Water temperature differential between outlet and inlet of water coil °C) However, the decision of specification necessitate to take the required flow rate of heat source equipment into consideration ® Decision of piping diameter In airconditioning water piping design, the piping diameters are decided in most cases based onthe equal friction method so as to make pump selection easy (On the first stage of piping diameters selection the reasonable piping circuit should be decided first. On the next step, calculate flow rate in each piping cireuit and then decide the piping diameter in accordance with the flow rate and base fiction Joss ina standard unit Equal friction loss method (to make use of the friction loss head chart) Decide the main pipe size based on whole water circulation flow rate, and generally basic friction loss in a standard unit in a range of 30 ~ 100mmH:O/m, and check the water velocity (refer to tables below). ‘On the next step, each size of pipe after branching should be decided based on water flow rate and basic friction loss in a standard unit just read through chart and read the intersection and then decide the size. In the process of sizing pipes after branching, keep in your mind that pipe size selection has to be done so that basic friction loss in standard unit will not exceed the value which was adopted atthe selection of main pipes because the more friction loss, the harder the water flows in a branch circuit, Nevertheless, ifthe flow rate still exceeds the value selected in a main piping, adjust valve not so as to exceed the main pipe's value. «<> -< “Tube diameter (A) Velocity (ai) “Annual operation hours ‘Velocity Gns) 125 or Bigger 21-27 1.500 (he) 36 30 100) 12-24 2.000) 35 ‘Around 25 06-12 3,000 33 4.000 30) 6,000) 27 8.000) 24 Note) If velocity is too high, erosion or water flow noise comes up to high level. Instead, if velocity is too slow, accumulation Of foreign objects or residue of air arises, resulting in piping corrosion. The least permissible velocity is less than 0.6mFig. 22 Friction loss head chart for steel pipe Water ow rte én Fe wo 1) 10 moo 00 Ko Friction loss head mmF-O/m Recommended range in shadow Correction factors fo friction loss Steel pipe a7 Gas pipe 10 ‘Gas pipe in common wwe i215 ‘Aged g0s pipe 13-27 ae©) Securing water holding volume ‘There are various kinds of heat source equipment for central airconditioning system. Minimum water holding volume in heat source equipment and in water circuit has been decided in every heat source equipment to protect equipment. It is securely required to keep the min. water holding volume anyway. ‘Make sure the required min, holding volume for the equipment in plan by the technical engineering data book. Reason to ensure the min. water holding volume Aircooled heat pump chiller + To secure the limit of ON/OF frequency. + Toprevent cold draft during defrosting © Absorption water chiler + To prevent freeze-up of chilled water (3) Selection of expansion tank Unless there is something to absorb an expanded volume due to water temperatures differential, the piping system will be broken. So, expansion tank will be ready for absorbing the water volume alteration, ‘Two kinds of expansion tanks are available; a closed tank type and an open tank type. ‘The purpose to provide an expansion tank is the same with both a close type and an open type. An open type provides a make-up water supply inlet (with ball tap) so as to make up water ata time of water shortage in a water circuit or in an expansion tank itself © Sizing of an open type expansion tank E=(12~ 1.5) x av E; Expansion tank volume ( ¢ ) av=Ch Lyx -y Av: Expansion volume (¢) me 1: Specific weight of water at lowest temperature (ke/ €) 1p: Specific weight of water at highest temperature (kg/ €) Vs Holding water volume in whole circuit (?) -<> “Temperature CC) [Spe weigh hg0)] | Temperature CC) [Spi weit) 4 1 50 0.9881 10 0.9997 0 (0.9832 20 (0.9982 70 (09778 30 0.9956 80 09718 40 (0.9922 0 0.9653 Fig. 93: Piping around open type expansion tank event c (CO heteup wats ie f + (reanua auto) 1 eget Efecive water volume Reease ‘tbe ve | led ex eersee igs (safety tube) sf = 42+(4) Water valve selection (a) Kinds of stop valve and check valve Fig. 97: Buttery valve Fig. 28: Smorenshy check valve aoe body rb valve sheet bottom guid upper guid spring ) shock absorber ® by-pass valve 3 packing 5 by-pass sheet(b) Applications of valves Globe valve(Glove type and ball type) Gate valve (or Sluice valve) : Butterfly valve ‘Smorensky check valve: (©) Be careful for pressure endurance ing pipe gives 10kg/cm® static pressure when a pump stops. Take a valve position into consideration, 100 mt ‘Slow motion but secure controllability. Frequent use as volumetric control device. Few occasion to use for general water circuit due to its large friction loss except at the position requiring volumetric control Quick action for ON/OFF, small friction loss, frequent use for general water circuit, No use for volumetric control due to the vague characteristic. In recent years, butterfly valve has taken the place of gate valve. ‘Simple structure and used for both purpose ; ON/OFF, volumetric control Frequent use in recent years Frequent use almost 100 % for stop valve at discharge side of a volute pump. Good performance for preventing water hammer at stop of a pump. Used from comparatively old age. Choose valves properly in accordance with Table 2: valve selection table in consideration of pressure resistance. ‘Table 2: Valve selection table in every application (Courtesy, DAIKIN Plant company) ‘Steam | Steam [Chilled & hoi] Cooling | Makeup | Sie Conn.) Material drain water water ‘water w, ° ° ° o 65-300 | Flange Fe (5k) ow sw ° ° ° 5-300, | Flange Fe Gate valve ok) | 0K) fr) ° ° © ° 15-50) Screw BC (sk) 6) SK ° ° ° 15-30) Screw Be oxy | _aoky | gow o 65-200 | Flange FC aw, eee © 15-30) Screw BC (10%, o o ° 7 Flange | FCVAL eae (0%) om | ao | 7 Note: 5K, 10K FC, BC— ‘Max pressure permissible based on Japanese Industrial Standard, S kg/em, 1Okg/om?, espectivly. Ferrous casting, Bronze casting, respectively.(6) Pump selection D Kinds of pump ‘There are two categories of classification for pump; by the structure and by the application. In many eases, selection is earried ‘out from manufactures catalogue depending on the classification by its application, (Example) Circulation pump. Self suetion type ine pump Volute self suction pump Mlti-self suction pump Self suetion volute pump Volute pump Line pump @ Pump selection Volute pump Decide size of piping first and then obtain total friction loss inthe line where the maximum friction loss will be estimated, ‘The formula is as follows; H bet het he In an actual procedure, allowance by 10% is generally added to the calculation result through the formula. Then, read the intersection ‘on the selection chart of manufacturer in relation to water flow rate H: Total friction loss (mEO) Ihe Actual head (m0) hie Friction loss in straight ine (mH:O) hh: Partial friction loss (mH:O) hu Internal friction loss (mH:O) ‘and get total required head for pump. (@) Actual head (bs) Actual head means level difference between discharge level and suction level. ‘The case to pump up water from lower tank to upper tank makes the meaning clear. In case of closed circuit, let's consider so that both levels of discharge side and suction side are not provided and actual head is not available -<> Expansion tank al fate ' Incase compete neo a5Fig. 99: Example of volute pump performance curves MODEL FS (Max. Working Pressure 10kgf/cm?) Selection Charts for 4 pole Models FS4 “otal nead 38 Capacity LL onetapests nn 50Hz [Synchronous speed: 1500min-!) a rie ial it esdai a) opebn rsxto0 soni25 Po PEARS aEE ye Pt Fa 1005 5 col Pett FF ae Eso ree TEES phloem To = 46 -(b) Friction loss in straight Line (hy) Friction loss in straight line in has the following relations: Increases in proportion to piping length. Increases in inverse proportion to internal diameter, Increases in proportion to a square of velocity Caleulate the friction loss inthe straight line where maximum frietion loss will be expected, hhr= Straight line in round distance (m) x Basic friction loss in a standard unit (mH:Ofm) () Partial friction loss (hs) Friction loss at elbows or valves in piping lines is called "Partial friction loss". Partial friction loss is converted to equivalent length in referring to the conversion chart, and then get the loss in the same way above. 1h, = Equivalent length of each fittings (m) x Basic friction loss in a standard unit (mH:O/m) Refer to Table 3 in page 48 "Loss a fittings in equivalent meter" for picking up the value of individual fitting’s friction loss. Here, Let's show the simple way to get partial friction loss at fittings as follows: hi=beX kk: Rate of Partial friction loss -> TBullding’s application and piping conditions | Rate of Paral fiction low Piping with few fitings (vale, joint, branch) 02-05 General office building O5=10 Hoouse and other small building 10-15 (@) Internal friction loss (hx) Refer tothe data in engineering handbook for internal friction loss ofthe related equipment. However, calculation procedure is, not related to all of the equipment in the circuit, but choose just terminal units and heat source equipment which are located in a route where maximum friction loss will be expected. a(x6 Surgiosge yooys) ante Yoon ah KysUBIOUIS y ‘yea ofS 8 S50 1 $8071 AION or a os _| 00 t oe ests sz_| ost | ove | oo or_|_ow cE z ‘oor Let oz | oz | ov | sor st | _06 oe 9 cr isle a st | se oe s Str wile oz] 9 s_| sue_| wo | oct |_e9 cd ¥ Oo 1a or | Fe ost_| oor | wo | wr | rs = |_06 or | es oc | ov | 90 | oo | s 8 sv we | 9 zor_| s6r_| sro | sco | 9 9 08 ee | oF re sor_|_6e0 i i ws wy | re 99 Ser ro | sr z 60 oF wr =| st vs sor | 0 | 960 20 we oe = SF st aro | zo | st 0 Se ae ee oe 09 sro_| co | 21 sr0 we | 0 Be 7 ve SF. zro_| sro | 60 960 a $I aa nan [oun Teal [tam soutens | pq ayes | anes | ons f onens | amp | ocr | 206 @ ¥ adi A _| «Ws aguy | amy | wy | car | oa _| moae | moar "Hp (PURGHON cnn) ypaup 292m Jo} 80 UEFeAMb UI SBuNuy SSO] OHO OITEL ie(6) Drain piping ‘When an airconditioners installed, dain piping securely hecomes necessary, because many drainage exist such as drain by dehumicifying, exhausting water from a coil at maintenance work and drain by inside cleaning. Consequently, drain piping shouldbe caried out so that the function as drain can be kept completely. © Key points for making drain piping (@) Drain pipe for arconditioners has to be provided in separate to other drain pipes in the building and must stretch up to a ditch ora drain pot. (6) Either pressure condition is available; negative pressure or positive pressure at outlet of aconditioner depending on the structure ofthe aireonditioner. So, incase negative pressure is supposed, provide a drain trap, et. not so as to enter air to the irconditioner in care of the structure. (6) Make drains so tht bad smell doesn't flow into an arconditioner. (€) Provide minimum gradient for horizontal drain line with 1/50 for pipe size 65 mm dia. or less and 1/100 for 75 mm dia. or more (@) Provide air vent, which supplies air to inside drain, at atop of drain riser, because air which contacts water ina riser falls «dawn as being induced, and results in creating positive pressure. (© Make piping with elbows as few as possible so that clogging in pipes will take place. Use elbow with degre by 45° and conjunct branches with Y shape joint @ Sizing of drain pipe ‘As drain pipe will have internal corrosion, related to the phenomena which internal tube wall contact air, and a scale formed by accumulation of dust inside airconditioner, sizing of pipe must be conducted with sufficient allowance. Outlet pipe size of ‘equipment is recommended to use 25 A dia, or more to suit the outlet of equipment. @ Permissible water flow rate in drain pipe (with ai vent at top) ‘Table 4: Permissible water flow rate in drain pipe. flow rate (¢ min) Par eee as 150 7100 Riser 308, ie = = 36 408 204 210 = 216 508, 528 38, = 366 658, 108 75 = 72 5A 136 Tr 78 108, To0A. 366 237 168 2M Note) 1. Average internal water velocity ranges in 0,6 m/s ~ 1.5 mis. 2. This table is quoted from HASS 206-1991. © Other Guide line of drain volume can be expected 0.4 ~ 0.6 L/h per cooling capacity 1 kW (860 keal) in general airconditioning in office building or so.(7) Chilled/mot water piping guide around airconditioner a 20 som cola ly I & crag 7 ar Fig. 41: Piping diagram on manual control ‘Trwoo-way yang GV event + cu. Gversv_Gvorsv Seep b= Sp ee aversy cot vert fue a Note) Pipe connection size af GV (or SV) is the same ‘with main pipe, white bypass tube and GY (or Note) Pipe connection size of GV (oF SV) isthe 'SV) on the bypass line is the same size with cae Sin pain cies otic biiaes iS two-way valve. and GV (or SV) on the bypass line is the same size with three-way valve. bain Fig. 42: Ping diagram with motor drive two-way valve Fig. 43: Piping bagram wth motor drive three-way valve Trroe-way ala dovices Ccitoanor Sater atin) Cchilenat Heating 2k water (Supe) ” ‘itera {more fan ‘rors’ ee pressure) Water cut Water out Fig. 44 : Piping diagram around airconditioner oi