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Introduction to Lightning Protection Technology
Lightning Conductors function is to divert to itself a lightning discharge, which might otherwise strike a vulnerable part of the
structure/facility to be protected.
Before proceeding with the detailed design of a lightning protective system, the following essential steps should be taken:
i.
ii.
iii.
Decide whether or not the structure needs protection and, it, so, what are the special requirements.
Ensure a close liaison between the architect, the builder, the lightning protection system engineer so that the
appropriate design is made which provides the complete protection cover to the building / facility.
Ensure the correct the procedures for erection, commissioning, testing and future maintenance.
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TESTS AND CERTIFICATIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
METU Electric Electronic high tension Lab test certificate as per NFC 17-102
Lightning conductor lab of Beijing Lightning protection device test centre
GOST certificate
CE certificate
ISO certificate
All LIVA lightning conductors are serial numbered and each carry 30 years Warranty. In house test certificate for each
lightning conductor can also be submitted on request. Live Test Video is also available.
PROTECTION RADIUS: Lightning conductor is categorised based on area or radius within which it provides protection.
Radius of protection of lightning conductors is calculated based on following formula derived by NFC 17-102 2011 standard:
Rp= h(2D-h)+L(2D+L)
Where
Rp Radius of protection in a horizontal plane situated at a vertical distance h of lightning conductor
h - Height of top of lightning conductor above area to be protected
D - Lightning advancement step or leaping interval of lightning along the way. D=20m for Level I protection, D=30m for Level
II, D=45m for Level III protection and D=60m for Level IV protection as per NFC-17-102- 2011 standard.
L Distance to catch lightning in T period
T Early Ionisation time period / Initiation advance time / Early Streamer Warning Time
L (m) = V (m/sec) X T (sec)
For calculation purpose, V to be considered as 1 m/sec.
So, higher T active reaction time of lightning conductor is better. Lightning conductors with higher T intercepts lightning
faster and provides wider protection area. It is recommended to used lightning conductors with T > 60 sec.
Level of protection: It is defined as the risk of lightning strike on a structure. It depends upon the various factors like
Dimensions of building, structural & environmental coefficients, structure contents & occupancy, lightning density or number
of lightning or thunderstorm days, etc.
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C=C2.C3.C4.C5
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Steps to ensure Correct Lightning Protection System with the Advanced Ion generating Lightning Conductor
Step 1 Calculation of Risk Assessment or The Protection Level for the Building / structure
The Lightning risk is assessed using various criteria for determining the protection need and required protection level.
The various factors taken into consideration are as follows: --Environment of building (Coefficient C1)
-- Type of construction (Coefficient C2)
-- Structure Contents (Coefficient C3)
-- Structure occupancy (Coefficient C4)
--Consequence of lightning strikes (Coefficient C5)
Separate application form is enclosed for user to send us the data so that the protection level can be calculated. This risk
assessment / protection level calculation is done as per the International Standards i.e. NFC, IEC etc. In case the user needs
the details, the same can provided on request.
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LIVA LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR APPLICATION FORM
CUSTOMER DETAILS:
Customer:
Address:
Date:
Contact Name:
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
:
:
:
Walls
Metallic
Common
Flammable
STRUCTURAL CONTENTS COEFFICIENT OF THE BUILDING (Tick the Appropriate Box):
No value
Standard Value or normally flammable
High value or particularly Flammable
Exceptional value, irreplaceable or highly flammable, explosive
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
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Step 2: Ensure the correct selection of the Advanced Lightning Protection Conductor
Protection against direct lighting strikes is designed to capture the lighting impact, channel it and discharge
it to the earth for a particular dimensional area of the structure. After evaluating the lightning risk and choosing
the protection level, the second phase involves choosing the kind of Lightning Conductor which shall be able to
cover the required dimensions.
The following is the table that defines the radius of protection that can be achieved by the various models of
Lightning Conductor. One model out of these have to be selected which can cater to the protection Level
calculated in Step 1 and as per this level is able to cover the dimensions to be protected.
On the basis of the data received from the customer as per the step 1, the radius of the protection for the
building is calculated as per the table given below: ORDER
CODE
LENGTH (MM),
WEIGHT (KG)
LAP-DX-250
LAP-AX-210
LAP-BX-175
LAP-BX-125
LAP-CX-070
LAP-CX-040
700MM, 5KG
1000MM, 5KG
1000MM, 4.8KG
800MM, 4.2KG
700MM, 2.4KG
700MM, 2.3KG
PACKING
DIMENSIONS(M
M)
250*250*700
170*170*1000
170*170*1000
130*130*800
130*130*700
130*130*700
T
(sec)
96
82
63
40
31
22
123
108
89
65
55
45
134
120
100
74
64
53
146
130
109
82
72
60
164
176
188
1500MM, 15KG
160*160*1600
136
155
Example: Suppose the parameter, which we have selected for the building protection, is as below: Length of the building = 50 m
Width of the building = 80 m
Height of the building = 15 m
Suppose the Level of Protection on the basis of the calculation comes to be as Protection Level - I and radius of
protection required for above building is 95 m, then if we use the LAP BX 175 model to install at a 4 m height
above the roof of the building, then the radius of the protection will be 81 m, which will, not able to provide the
complete protection to the building. So we have to suggest the installation of LAP AX 210 Lightning conductor at
height of 4 m to cover a radius of 100 m so that it will be able to provide the complete protection for the building
which has a radius of 95 m.
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Step 3: Using correct procedures for Erecting, commissioning, testing and future maintenance.
1. As per NFC 17-102 standard, if width of building is more than 2 times height of the building or building
height is more than 28m, then 2 down conductors should be routed from the nearest opposite path of
the lightning conductor.
2. Care should be taken in routing the down conductor. It should be routed through the straight and
shortest path to earth and also such that all gas pipes, water pipes, wires & cables, etc. should be
minimum 1-2m far from it. Sharp bends should be avoided. In any case, bends should have radius of
20cm. External open routing of down conductor is better.
3. In case, metallic pipes / wires /cables are unavoidable then it should be separated by placing them
inside a metallic screen which should extend 1m beyond the point of crossing. Such metallic screen
should be connected to down conductor.
4. Down conductors should be attached to the side wall of the structure to be protected by means of 2-3
fixings per m. All the down conductors are also connected by same material.
5. Drilling on down conductors should be avoided.
6. Each down conductor should be routed to Rubber or PVC pipe or sleeves in order to avoid risk of
impact.
7. When external routing of down conductor is impracticable, then a dedicated duct should be made. Such
duct should not be more than 2000sq.mm. If it is more than it or in case other wires, pipes / cables also
pass through it then insulated non inflammable duct should cover down conductor.
8. When outside of the building or structure has a metal cladding or stone or glass curtain walls then the
down conductor should be attached behind the cladding to the concrete wall or the load bearing
structure. In such cases, conductive cladding components and supportive structure must be bonded to
the down conductor at the top and bottom ends.
9. If external structure is completely metallic like a telecom or transmission tower and if electrical continuity
is there, then, it is not necessary to use separate down conductor. Steel metallic structure can be used
as down conductor as they are conductive and their internal resistance is <0.01Ohm. In such cases,
ESE lightning conductors should be connected directly to the metallic frame which at the ground level is
connected to earth termination system. In such cases, equipotential bonding should properly be done.
10. Down conductor should be earthed at minimum 2-3m apart from building and other earthing. Down
conductor should be buried by minimum 1 feet below the ground. Non corrosive earthing compound
should be poured below and above the down conductor to avoid corrosion. All the joints should be
exothermically welded to avoid any weak joints and increasing life of complete lightning protection
system.
Preferred Installation Points: It is preferred to install lightning conductor over the topmost portion of the
structure to be protected. However, the architectural aspects should be taken into consideration for fixing
location of lightning conductor.
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SPECIFICATIONS OF LAP-AX 210 ADVANCED ACTIVE ESE ION GENERATING TYPE
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM
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ADVANCED ACTIVE ION GENRATING ESE EARLY STREAMER EMISSION AIR TERMINAL / LIGHTNING
CONDUCTOR LAP-AX 210 SPECIFICATIONS:
1. Stainless steel material body, 1000mm long and 5.7 Kg nett weight with pointed tip.
2. Based on Active Early Streamer Emission principle and consists of Ion Generator.
3. High early streamer warning time of T 82 sec.
4. Provides protection radius of 130m in Level IV area / 120m in Level III area/ 108m in Level II area/ 100m
in Level I area at 4m height in accordance with latest NFC 17-102 2011 standard.
5. METU Electrical & Electronics test report as per NFC 17-102 standard.
7. In each lightning conductor Serial number, model no., CE mark, hologram & OEM name is printed.
8. Every lightning conductor carries 30 years warranty.
9. Internal last inspection report of manufacturer will be provided with every serial numbered lightning arrester, if
required.
10. Sigma test report
11. Temperature withstand test of -40C to +125C.
12. QA technic conformity certificate
13. TS EN ISO 9001:2008 certificate
14. BS EN ISO 14001:2004 certificate
15. Certificate of registration from World Intellectual Property Organisation
16. CE certification
17. Testable by means of external tester.
18. Designed as per NFC17-102 standard.
17. Suitable for all types of lightning discharges.
19. Suitable for all whether and climatic conditions and can be used in any terrain.
20. No use of battery or power source is required.
Elevation Rod:
The Advance lightning conductor height may be increased by means of an elevation rod of GI/ SS/ FRP with
GI/ Aluminium.
The lightning conductor tip should be at least 2 meters higher than the highest point of the building that it
protects, including antenna, cooling towers, roofs, tanks, etc.
The Down conductor is attached to the Advance Lightning conductor by a connecting system located on the
support rod. This connecting system consists of suitable mechanical devices providing long-lasting contact. The
Down conductor should comply with the data as below:
Material
plated electrolytic
Bare/Tin
Copper
18/10-304 stainless steel
A 5/L
Down Conductor
Remarks
Recommended
for
its
good
conductivity and corrosion resistance
Recommended in certain corrosive
environments
To be used on aluminum surfaces
(cladding, curtain walls)
Minimum Dimensions
Strip: 30 x 2mm
Round section: 8mm Dia
Strip: 30 x 2mm
Round section: 8mm Dia
Strip: 30 x 3mm
Round section: 10mm Dia
When Advance lightning conductors protect open areas such as playing fields, golf courses, swimming pools,
camping sites, etc., they should be installed on specific supports such as lightning poles, pylons or any other
nearby structures which enables in Advance lightning conductor to cover the maximum area to be protected.
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LIGHTNING COUNTER
Lightning counter is of 6 digits of stainless steel material and have IP65 protection. It also comes in testable/
SMS / Email options. It is used to provide the information of no. of lightning strikes our lightning protection
system has safely discharged. It should be installed at eye level.
Technical specifications:
Range: 000000 to 999999
Current discharge capacity >1KA
Conductor size: 2.5sq.mm. to 70 sq.mm.
Temp: - 50C to + 80C
Degree of Protection: IP 65
Email / SMS transmission device needed to be installed in case lightning discharge records are needed in
remote computer or mobile automatically during lightning strike. The device immediately send the email or sms
as desired in case of lightning event.
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LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR & TESTABLE LIGHTNING COUNTER TESTER
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TEST CLAMP / JOINT:
Each down conductor should have a test joint for disconnecting it with earth for measuring the earth resistance.
It should be installed generally at 2m height above the ground level.
EARTHING:
Each earth should consist following:
1. Copper bonded rod 17.2mm dia 1.8m long of 254 microns 1no.
2. NABL tested EREC having resistivity of 0.039 -m 20kg
3. Earth chamber of 300mm approx. of CI / concrete / Brick / Polyplastic should be used as earth pit cover.
Polyplastic earth pit is preferred since it can withstand all climatic conditions.
3 sets of above earthing should be made each minimum 2m apart and joined by 30*2mm / 8mm dia bare copper
rope / 30*3.5mm dia braided copper cable. Suitable non corrosive clamps for connecting strip or cable to
copper bonded rods may also be used. All the nuts and bolts should be of stainless steel.
Exothermic welding should be done for connecting all joints of strip / cable / rod.
POLYPLASTIC EARTH PIT CHAMBER (SABO-PEPC)
MAIN FEATURES:
Factory- built long holes for accessing pipes easily at site
Made of heavy duty polyethylene for extra durability.
Resistant materials- assuring long life.
Green top cap matches the environment.
DIMENSIONS
At Top
:
10 inches (254mm)
At Bottom
:
13 inches (330mm)
Height
:
10.25 inches (260mm)
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LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR INSTALLATION DETAILS WITH EMAIL/SMS OPTION
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LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR INSTALLATION ACCESSORIES