Is it a ttest?

START
This
spreadshe
et is of no
use to
you.

YES

Is the compar
correlated

NO
Is it a Ftest?

NO

YES

Report p or see Olejnik & Algina

(2003) or Bakeman (2005) for
formulas for generalized G

No

YE
S

Partial
F
6.34 p
df effect
1 p
df error
18 p
Reporting
Example: Group 1
scored higher (M =
8.7, SD = 0.82) than
Group 2 (M = 7.7, SD
= 0.95), F(1, 18) =
6.34, p = .022, p=
0.22, 90% CI [0.02,
0.48].

0.26048
0.21073
0.02149

YES

No

Are all factors

manipulated (i.e.,
there are no
measured factors o
covariates)?

Do you have the

ANOVA table?
YES

Are all factors

manipulated between
participants?

NO
Click here to go to the next sheet
which will help you to calculate G
for the following designs:
1 Within Factor
2 Within Factors
1 Within x 1 Between Factors
2 Within x 1 Between Factors
1 Within x 2 Between Factors
For other designs report p
or see Olejnik & Algina (2003) or
Bakeman (2005)

ds from t for indepen

Total N
20
Cohen's d
1.1258799376
Hedges g
1.0783075458
CL
0.7870180814

For other designs report p

or see Olejnik & Algina (2003) or
Bakeman (2005)

s the comparison between

correlated samples?

Are all factors

anipulated (i.e.,
there are no
asured factors or
covariates)?

NO

Do you have the M's, SD's, and n's?

YES

NO

ve the
ble?

Do you have the M's

and N?

YES

Do you have the n for each condition?

NO

YES

from t for independent samples

Total N
20
Cohen's ds
1.1258799376
Hedges gs
1.0783075458
CL
0.7870180814

t-value
2.517544075
p
0.021508334
df
18

ds from t for independent samples

n group 1

n group 2
10
10
p
0.021508334
df
18

Do you have the M's, SD's, r,

and N?

dz from t for correlated sam

n pairs
10

NO

1.5
CL effect size
0.9331927987

YE
S
Mean 1
8.7
SD 1 0.8232726023
n pairs
10

and n's?

t 4.7434164903

YES

Correlated (or Dependent) Samp

Mean 2
7.7
SD 2 0.948683298
r 0.72554232

df

Independent Samples
Mean group 1
8.7 Mean group 2
7.7 95% CI Mdiff
SD group 1 0.823272602
SD group 2 0.94868 [Low; High]
n group 1
10
n group 2
10
t
df
p

ependent samples
t-value
2.5175440749
Cohen's ds =
1.1258799376
Hedges gs =
1.0783075458
CL
0.7870180814

Insert values in green cells. Grey c

You can cite this spreadsheet and the ac
Lakens, D. (2013). Calculating and reporting effe
science: A practical primer for t-tests and ANO
4:863. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.20
For comments, contact me at D.
This is version 3.4. For upda
http://openscienceframework.org/project/ixG

dz from t for correlated samples

n pairs
10
Cohen's dz

t-value
4.74341649

1.5
CL effect size
0.9331927987

lated (or Dependent) Samples

Mdiff
1
Sdiff 0.666666667
SEdiff 0.210818511
95% CI Mdiff
[Low; High]
p

Cohen's dz
1.5
Cohen's drm 1.111332336
Hedges grm 1.016075279 Reporting Example: Mean 1
= 7.7, SD = 0.95), t(9) = 4.74
Cohen's dav 1.125879938
0.5231
1.03 95% CI [0.50, 1.72]. The
Hedges gav 1.029375943 individual differences, the lik
1.4769
0.00 Recommended:
Gav
tha
CL effect size 0.933192799

Samples
Cohen's ds
0.165487484
1.834512516
Cohen's d
Hedges's
gs
2.517544075
18 CL effect size
0.0215

1.1258799376 Reporting Example: Group 1 scored higher (M

1.1867816582 0.95), t(18) = 2.52, p = .022, 95% CI [0.17, 1.8
1.0783075458 CL effect size indicates that the chance that
0.7870180814
score of a person from Group 1 is higher tha

s in green cells. Grey cells are output.

readsheet and the accompanying article as:
ng and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative
er for t-tests and ANOVAs. Frontiers in Psychology,
doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863
nts, contact me at D.Lakens@tue.nl
version 3.4. For updates, check:
mework.org/project/ixGcd or follow me @Lakens
Data for two groups of observations used as the basis for the
example results.

Group 1
9.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
8.00
9.00
9.00
10.00
9.00
9.00
8.70

Group 2
9.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
7.00
9.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
7.00
7.70

Difference
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
1.00

SD

0.82

0.95

0.67

rting Example: Mean 1 was higher (M = 8.7, SD = 0.82) than Mean 2 (M

7, SD = 0.95), t(9) = 4.74, p = .001, 95% CI [0.52, 1.48], Hedgess gav =
95% CI [0.50, 1.72]. The CL effect size indicates that after controlling for
vidual differences, the likelihood that a person scores higher for Mean 1
than for Mean 2 is 93%.

Group 1 scored higher (M = 8.7, SD = 0.82) than Group 2 (M = 7.7, SD =

= .022, 95% CI [0.17, 1.83], Hedgess gs = 1.08, 95% CI [0.13, 2.01]. The
tes that the chance that for a randomly selected pair of individuals the
rom Group 1 is higher than the score of a person from group 2 is 79%.

correct
design by
scrolling to
the right.
Insert
values in
green cells.
Look at the
example
SPSS
output to
see which
Sum of
Squares
and Mean
Squares
you need to
insert. For
additional
information
, read
Bakeman
(2005) or
Olejnik &
Algina
(2003)

(P; within)
Tests of Within-Subjects Effects
Measure: MEASURE_1

Source
WithinFactor1

Sphericity Assumed

Type III Sum

of Squares
40.613

df
1

Greenhouse-Geisser

40.613

1.000

Huynh-Feldt

40.613

1.000

Lower-bound

40.613

1.000

74.888

39

Greenhouse-Geisser

74.888

39.000

Huynh-Feldt

74.888

39.000

Lower-bound

74.888

39.000

Error(WithinFactor1) Sphericity Assumed

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Measure: MEASURE_1
Transformed Variable: Average
Source
Intercept
Error

Type III Sum of Squares

2820.313
39.188

df
1

Mean Square
2820.313

39

1.005

(P; within) Design

G for (P; within)

in-Subjects Effects

Main Within

.000

Partial Eta
Squared
.352

21.150

.000

.352

40.613

21.150

.000

.352

40.613

21.150

.000

.352

Mean Square
40.613

F
21.150

40.613

Sig.

MSP

40.6125 40.6125
SSPs

MSPs

74.8875 1.92019
SSs
MSs
39.1875 1.00481

1.920
1.920

F-ratio df effect
21.1502
1
G
N
0.26255
40

1.920
1.920

ubjects Effects

F
2806.818

SSP

Sig.
.000

Partial Eta
Squared
.986

0.35162

0.335

0.26255 0.24852

(A; between) X (P; within) Desig

Tests of Within-Subjects Effects
Measure: MEASURE_1

Source
WithinFactor1

WithinFactor1 *
BetweenFactor

Error(WithinFactor1)

Type III Sum

of Squares
40.613

Sphericity Assumed

df
1

Mean Square
40.613

F
61.059

Greenhouse-Geisser

40.613

1.000

40.613

61.059

Huynh-Feldt

40.613

1.000

40.613

61.059

Lower-bound

40.613

1.000

40.613

61.059

Sphericity Assumed

49.613

49.613

74.591

Greenhouse-Geisser

49.613

1.000

49.613

74.591

Huynh-Feldt

49.613

1.000

49.613

74.591

Lower-bound

49.613

1.000

49.613

74.591

Sphericity Assumed

25.275

38

.665

Greenhouse-Geisser

25.275

38.000

.665

Huynh-Feldt

25.275

38.000

.665

Lower-bound

25.275

38.000

.665

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Measure: MEASURE_1
Transformed Variable: Average
Source
Intercept

Type III Sum of Squares

2820.313

df
1

Mean Square
2820.313

F
4488.874
24.372

BetweenFactor

15.313

15.313

Error

23.875

38

.628

Sig.
.000
.000

ween) X (P; within) Design

G for (A; between) X (P; within)
Main Between

Main Within

Interaction

SSA

SSP

SSPA

15.3125

40.6125

49.6125

.000

Partial Eta
Squared
.616

.000

.616

.000

.616

.000

.616

23.875
MSA

MSP

MSPA

.000

.662

15.3125

40.6125

49.6125

.000

.662

.000

.662

.000

.662

Sig.

SSs/A

SSPs/A
25.275

MSs/A

MSPs/A

0.6282894737
dfA

0.6651315789
dfP
dfPA

F-ratio
F-ratio
F-ratio
24.3717277487 61.05934718 74.59050445

Partial Eta
Squared
.992
.391

0.23754

0.45244

0.50234

0.39075

0.61639

0.66249

0.39075

0.35162

0.42955

(P; within) X (Q;

Tests of Within-Subjects Effects
Measure: MEASURE_1

Source
WithinFactor1

Type III Sum

of Squares
124.256

Sphericity Assumed

Mean Square
124.256

124.256

1.000

124.256

Huynh-Feldt

124.256

1.000

124.256

Lower-bound

124.256

1.000

124.256

27.494

39

.705

Greenhouse-Geisser

27.494

39.000

.705

Huynh-Feldt

27.494

39.000

.705

Lower-bound

27.494

39.000

.705

Sphericity Assumed

13.806

13.806

Greenhouse-Geisser

13.806

1.000

13.806

Huynh-Feldt

13.806

1.000

13.806

Lower-bound

13.806

1.000

13.806

Error(WithinFactor2) Sphericity Assumed

WithinFactor1 *
WithinFactor2

Greenhouse-Geisser

Error(WithinFactor1) Sphericity Assumed

WithinFactor2

df

126.944

39

3.255

Greenhouse-Geisser

126.944

39.000

3.255

Huynh-Feldt

126.944

39.000

3.255

Lower-bound

126.944

39.000

3.255

Sphericity Assumed

28.056

28.056

Greenhouse-Geisser

28.056

1.000

28.056

Huynh-Feldt

28.056

1.000

28.056

Lower-bound

28.056

1.000

28.056

23.694

39

.608

23.694

39.000

.608

Huynh-Feldt

23.694

39.000

.608

Lower-bound

23.694

39.000

.608

Error(WithinFactor1* Sphericity Assumed

WithinFactor2)
Greenhouse-Geisser

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Measure: MEASURE_1
Transformed Variable: Average
Source
Intercept
Error

Type III Sum of Squares

7439.256
27.494

df
1

Mean Square
7439.256

39

.705

F
10552.616

(P; within) X (Q; Within) Design

G for (P; within) X (Q; within)

Effects

Main Within P Main Within Q

.000

Partial Eta
Squared
.819

176.258

.000

.819

176.258

.000

.819

176.258

.000

.819

F
176.258

Sig.

4.242

.046

.098

4.242

.046

.098

4.242

.046

.098

4.242

.046

.098

46.181

.000

.542

46.181

.000

.542

46.181

.000

.542

46.181

.000

.542

Sig.
.000

Partial Eta
Squared
.996

SSP

SSQ

124.25625

13.80625

SSPs

SSQs

27.49375
MSP

126.94375
MSQ

124.25625

13.80625

MSPs

MSQs

0.7049679487 3.254967949
F-ratio
F-ratio
176.258013185 4.241593225
G

0.37667

0.06292

0.81882

0.09809

0.33425

0.03714

within) X (Q; within)

Tests of Within-Subjects Eff

Interaction Between
SSPQ

SSs

28.05625

27.4938

Measure: MEASURE_1

Source
WithinFactor1

SSPQs
23.69375
MSPQ
28.05625
MSPQs
0.607532051
F-ratio
46.18069111

WithinFactor1 *
BetweenFactor

Error(WithinFactor1)

G
0.12006
p
0.54215

WithinFactor2

0.07547

WithinFactor2 *
BetweenFactor

Error(WithinFactor2)

WithinFactor1 *
WithinFactor2

WithinFactor1 *
WithinFactor2 *
BetweenFactor

Sphericity Assumed

Type III Sum of

Squares
124.256

Greenhouse-Geisser

124.256

Huynh-Feldt

124.256

Lower-bound

124.256

Sphericity Assumed

9.506

Greenhouse-Geisser

9.506

Huynh-Feldt

9.506

Lower-bound

9.506

Sphericity Assumed

17.988

Greenhouse-Geisser

17.988

Huynh-Feldt

17.988

Lower-bound

17.988

Sphericity Assumed

13.806

Greenhouse-Geisser

13.806

Huynh-Feldt

13.806

Lower-bound

13.806

Sphericity Assumed

97.656

Greenhouse-Geisser

97.656

Huynh-Feldt

97.656

Lower-bound

97.656

Sphericity Assumed

29.288

Greenhouse-Geisser

29.288

Huynh-Feldt

29.288

Lower-bound

29.288

Sphericity Assumed

28.056

Greenhouse-Geisser

28.056

Huynh-Feldt

28.056

Lower-bound

28.056

Sphericity Assumed

.006

Greenhouse-Geisser

.006

Huynh-Feldt

.006

Lower-bound

.006

Error(WithinFactor1*Wi Sphericity Assumed

thinFactor2)
Greenhouse-Geisser
Huynh-Feldt

23.688
23.688
23.688

Error(WithinFactor1*Wi
thinFactor2)

Lower-bound

23.688
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Measure: MEASURE_1
Transformed Variable: Average
Source
Intercept
BetweenFactor
Error

Type III Sum of Squares

7439.256

df
1

6.006

21.488

38

(A; Between) X (P; within) X (Q; Within) Desi

sts of Within-Subjects Effects

Main Between A
df

Mean Square
1
124.256

F
262.501

.000

Partial Eta
Squared
.874

Sig.

SSA
6.00625

1.000

124.256

262.501

.000

.874

1.000

124.256

262.501

.000

.874

1.000

124.256

262.501

.000

.874

21.4875
MSA

9.506

20.083

.000

.346

6.00625

1.000

9.506

20.083

.000

.346

1.000

9.506

20.083

.000

.346

1.000

9.506

20.083

.000

.346

38

.473

38.000

.473

38.000

.473

38.000

.473

13.806

17.913

.000

.320

13.806

17.913

.000

.320

1.000

13.806

17.913

.000

.320

1.000

13.806

17.913

.000

.320

97.656

126.707

.000

.769

1.000

97.656

126.707

.000

.769

1.000

97.656

126.707

.000

.769

1.000

97.656

126.707

.000

.769

38

.771

38.000

.771

38.000

.771

38.000

.771

28.056

45.008

.000

.542

1.000

28.056

45.008

.000

.542

1.000

28.056

45.008

.000

.542

1.000

28.056

45.008

.000

.542

.006

.010

.921

.000

1.000

.006

.010

.921

.000

1.000

.006

.010

.921

.000

1.000

.006

.010

.921

.000

.623
.623

38.000

.623

0.5654605263
F-ratio
10.6218731821
0.0610

38

MSs/A

1.000

38.000

SSs/A

0.2184587406

38.000

.623

etween-Subjects Effects

Mean Square
7439.256

F
13156.102

6.006

10.622

.565

.000

Partial Eta
Squared
.997

.002

.218

Sig.

n) X (Q; Within) Design

G for (A; between) X (P; within)
Main Within P

Interaction P A

Main Within Q

Interaction Q A

SSP

SSPA

SSQ

SSQA

124.25625

9.50625

13.80625

97.65625

SSPs/A

SSQs/A

17.9875

29.2875

MSP

MSPA

MSQ

MSQA

124.25625

9.50625

13.80625

97.65625

MSPs/A

MSQs/A

0.4733552632
0.7707236842
F-ratio
F-ratio
F-ratio
F-ratio
262.501042391 20.0826963169 17.9133589415 126.707212975
G

0.5734

0.0932

0.1299

0.1423

0.8735445318

0.3457604001

0.3203770848

0.7692875782

Tests of Wit

Interaction P Q

Three-Way A P Q

SSPQ

SSPQA

28.05625

0.00625

Measure: MEASURE_1

Source
WithinFactor1

Sphericity Assumed
Greenhouse-Geisser

SSPQs/A
23.6875

Huynh-Feldt

MSPQ

MSPQA

28.05625

0.00625
MSPQs/A

0.6233552632
F-ratio
F-ratio
45.0084432718
0.0100263852
G

0.2328

0.0001

0.5422152434

0.0002637826

Lower-bound
WithinFactor1 *
BetweenFactor1

Sphericity Assumed
Greenhouse-Geisser
Huynh-Feldt
Lower-bound

WithinFactor1 *
BetweenFactor2

Sphericity Assumed
Greenhouse-Geisser
Huynh-Feldt
Lower-bound

WithinFactor1 *
BetweenFactor1 *
BetweenFactor2

Sphericity Assumed
Greenhouse-Geisser
Huynh-Feldt
Lower-bound

Error(WithinFactor1)

Sphericity Assumed
Greenhouse-Geisser
Huynh-Feldt
Lower-bound

Tests of Between-S
Measure: MEASURE_1
Transformed Variable: Average
Source
Intercept

Type III Sum of Squares

2820.313

BetweenFactor1

15.313

BetweenFactor2

.013

BetweenFactor1 *
BetweenFactor2
Error

2.113
21.750

(A; Between) X (B; Between) X (

Tests of Within-Subjects Effects

Type III Sum

of Squares
40.613

df

Mean Square
1
40.613

F
60.540

.000

Partial Eta
Squared
.627

Sig.

40.613

1.000

40.613

60.540

.000

.627

40.613

1.000

40.613

60.540

.000

.627

40.613

1.000

40.613

60.540

.000

.627

49.613

49.613

73.957

.000

.673

49.613

1.000

49.613

73.957

.000

.673

49.613

1.000

49.613

73.957

.000

.673

49.613

1.000

49.613

73.957

.000

.673

.113

.113

.168

.685

.005

.113

1.000

.113

.168

.685

.005

.113

1.000

.113

.168

.685

.005

.113

1.000

.113

.168

.685

.005

1.013

1.013

1.509

.227

.040

1.013

1.000

1.013

1.509

.227

.040

1.013

1.000

1.013

1.509

.227

.040

1.013

1.000

1.013

1.509

.227

.040

24.150

36

.671

24.150

36.000

.671

24.150

36.000

.671

24.150

36.000

.671

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

df

.000

Partial Eta
Squared
.992

15.313

25.345

.000

.413

.013

.021

.886

.001

2.113

3.497

.070

.089

36

.604

Mean Square
1
2820.313

F
4668.103

Sig.

Between) X (B; Between) X (P; Within) Design

G for (A; between) X (P; within)
Main Between A

Main Between B Interaction A X B

Main Within

SSA

SSB

SSAB

SSP

15.3125

0.0125

2.1125

40.6125

SSs/AB
MSA

21.75
MSP

MSQ

MSP

15.3125

0.0125

2.1125

40.6125

MSs/AB
F-ratio
25.3448275862

0.6041666667
F-ratio
0.0206896552

0.67
F-ratio
3.4965517241

F-ratio
60.54037267

0.25015

0.00027

0.04400

0.46944

0.41315

0.00057

0.08853

0.62710

tween) X (P; within)

Interaction A X P Interaction P X B Three-Way P X A X B
SSPA

SSPB

SSPAB

49.6125

0.1125

1.0125

SSPs/AB
24.15
MSPA

MSPB

MSPAB

49.6125

0.1125

1.0125

MSPs/AB
0.6708333333
F-ratio
F-ratio
73.9565217391
0.1677018634

F-ratio
1.5093167702

0.51943

0.00244

0.02158

0.67260

0.00464

0.04024