SECOND EDITIONOperative Pediatric Urology Second Edition Edited by J. David Frank, Frcs ‘Constant Paedatic Urologist Brito Royal Hospital for Children Bist UX John P. Gearhart, mp Facs Director and Professor of Pediatrics. Division fPelatic Urology “The ohn Hopkins Medical Institutions “The James Buchanan Brady Urological stitute Baltimore, MD, USA Howard M. Snyder III, MD Professor of Urology Associate Director of Pediatric Urology Division of Pelatric Urology Chitcren’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA USA llustrations by Philip Wilson, FMAA AIM (Allchapters except 12,14, 19) Gillian Oliver, FAA AIMI RMIP (Chapters 12, 14,19) Diss London «Edinburgh - New York Philadelphia StLouis- Sydney - Toronto 2002(CHURCHILLLIVINGSTONE. An imprint of Harcourt Publishers Limite (© Harcourt Publishers Limited 2002 Disa registered trademark of Harcourt Publishers Limited ‘The rightof) Davi Frank; John P Gearhart ana Howard M.Synder to beidentifed as eltors ofthis work hasbeen asserted by them in sccordance withthe Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 198 Allrghts reserved Nopart ofthis pblieation may be reproduced, sored in fetceval syst, transmits in any fem or by ay means, ‘ectoni, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without tithe the prior permission ofthe publishers (Harcourt Publishers Limited, Harcourt Place, 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY) oF a licence pertiting restricted copying inthe United Kingdom issued by ‘the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London wipoue First publishes 1990, Second Edition 2002 ISBN 0-155-05358-5 British brary Cataloguing in Publication Data ‘catalogue recor for this book is available fom the British Library brary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Acatalog econ for this bookie availble rom the Library of Congress Note Medical knowledge is constantly changing. As new information ‘becomes avaiable, changesin eatment, procedures, quipment andthe ‘se of drugs become necessary, The eitors/asthors/contibutrs and ‘the publishers ave taken care to ensure thatthe information given in this textisaccorate an up todate. However readersare strongly advised ta confi tha the information especialy with regard todrag ‘sage complies wth he atest legislation and standards of peactice Printed in Chinaby RDC Group Limited