centripetalmotionnotes.

notebook

October16,2013

UniformCircularMotionNotes

Sofarinourstudyofphysicswehavelearnedthatinthecaseof
linearmotiontheapplicationofaforcecanchangethemagnitudeof
anobjectsvelocity.Inotherwordsitacceleratesanobjectina
straightline.Mostofthemotionthatweexperienceinoureveryday
liveshoweverinvolvesmorethanmotioninastraightline.Many
motionsinvolvemotionsalongacurvedpath.Nextinthestudyof
projectilemotionwelearnedthataforcecanchangethevelocityand
thedirectionofanobjectsmotionaswelookedatexamplesof
gravitychangingthemotionofaprojectile.Nowaswestudycircular
motionwewillseehowaforcecanchangethedirectionofanobjects
motionwithoutchangingitsspeed.

Oct61:05PM

IntrotoUniformCircularMotion

Recallthatuniformmotionisconstantmotionormotionata
constantspeedinastraightline.
Uniformcircularmotion(UCM)iswhenanobjecttravelsarounda
circleataconstantspeed.
Sincespeed=distance/timeandthedistancearoundacircleis
givenby2rthenthespeedaroundacircleforUCMisdefinedby
theformula:

Oct31:37PM

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CentripitalAcceleration
Recall:acceleration=changeinvelocity/time
v
or:a=
t
Letslookatthechangeinvelocityforanobjecttravelingclockwise
inacircle:

v1

v2

Oct31:39PM

v1
v=v2v1
=v2+(v1)

v2

v2
v1

Note:Theaverageacceleration,called
centripetalacceleration
,betweenthesetwo
pointsactstowardthecenterandisgivenby
theformula:

Oct31:59PM

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=(2r/T)/T=2r/T2

Oct32:35PM

CentripetalAcceleration
Weknowthatinorderfortheobjecttomoveinacirclesomeforcemustbe
pullingtheobjectinward.NewtonsSecondLawtellsusthatforceisthe
productofmassandacceleration.Howisthataccelerationrelatedtothespeed
oftheobjectandtheradiusofthecircleittravelsthrough?

(Seep.205forderivation)

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Oct61:14PM

CentripetalForce

Aswealreadymentioned,inorderforanobjecttomoveinacircular
motiontheremustbeanetforceactingontheobjectthatpullsitinward
towardthecenterofthecircle.Theeasiestwaytopicturethisisto
imagineaweightontheendofastring.Ifwewhirltheweightaboveour
headswecanfeelthetensioninthestring.Thattensionispullingthe
weighttowardthecenterofthecircle.Withoutthattensionactinginward
towardthecenterofthecircletheweightwouldflyoffinastraightline.
Thenetforceactingtowardthecenterofthecircleiscalled centripetal
force.Centripetalforceisrequiredformotionalongacurvedpath.

Oct61:16PM

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Force=massxacceleration
RecallfromNewtonsSecondLaw:
Forcircularmotiontheaccelerationactstowardthecenterofthecircularpathandiscalled
centripetalacceleration.Bysubstitutingtheequationsforcentripetalaccelerationintonewtons
secondlawgivesusthreenewformulasforthecalculationofcentripetalforce:

Oct61:17PM

CircularmotioninahorizontalplaneFBDs:
Considerwatchingacar,trainorpendulumbob
travelinginacircle:

Fc
(causedbyfriction,
tensionornormalforce)

Oct61:40PM

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October16,2013

Circularmotioninahorizontalplaneexamples:
1.A1000.0Kgcarroundsacurveonaflatroadofradius50.0mataspeedof14
m/s.Willthecarmaketheturnif:
a)thepavementisdryandthecoefficientoffrictionis s=0.60?
b)thepavementisicyandthecoefficientoffrictionis s=0.20?
2.Achildlocated11.0mfromthecenterofamerrygoroundismovingwitha
speedof1.25m/s.Calculate:
a)thecentripetalaccelerationofthechild
b)thenethorizontalforceexertedonthechild(mass=25.0Kg)

3.Anethorizontalforceof26.0Nisappliedtoa0.80Kgstonetokeepitrotatingin
ahorizontalcircleofradius0.50m.Calculateitsspeed.

4.Whatisthemaximumspeedwithwhicha1000.0kgcarcanroundaturnof
radius85monaflatroadifthecoefficientoffrictionbetweentheroadandthetires
is0.60?Istheresultindependentofthemassofthecar?
5.Howlargemustthecoefficientoffrictionbebetweenthetiresandtheroadifacar
istoroundaturnofradius68mataspeedof55km/h?
Oct208:53AM

Circularmotioninahorizontalplaneexamples:
1.A1000.0Kgcarroundsacurveonaflatroadofradius50.0mataspeedof14
m/s.Willthecarmaketheturnif:
a)thepavementisdryandthecoefficientoffrictioniss=0.60ANS:Yes
b)thepavementisicyandthecoefficientoffrictioniss=0.20ANS:No

2.Achildlocated11.0mfromthecenterofamerrygoroundismovingwitha
speedof1.25m/s.Calculate:
a)thecentripetalaccelerationofthechild ANS:0.142m/s2
b)thenethorizontalforceexertedonthechild(mass=25.0Kg) ANS:3.55N
3.Ahorizontalforceof26.0Nisappliedtoa0.80Kgstonetokeepitrotatingina
horizontalcircleofradius0.50m.Calculateitsspeed.ANS:4.0m/s

4.Whatisthemaximumspeedwithwhicha1000.0kgcarcanroundaturnofradius
85monaflatroadifthecoefficientoffrictionbetweentheroadandthetiresis
0.60?Istheresultindependentofthemassofthecar?ANS:22m/s,Yes

5.Howlargemustthecoefficientoffrictionbebetweenthetiresandtheroadifacar
istoroundaturnofradius68mataspeedof55km/h?ANS:0.35
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1.A1000.0Kgcarroundsacurveonaflatroadofradius50.0mataspeedof14m/s.
Willthecarmaketheturnif:
a)thepavementisdryandthecoefficientoffrictioniss=0.60?
b)thepavementisicyandthecoefficientoffrictioniss=0.20?
In order for the car to make the turn the frictional force provided by the tires must be greater than
or equal to the centripetal force required to move it in a circle.
a) Ff = mg = 0.60 x 1000.0 Kg x 9.80 m/s 2 = 5900 N
Fc = mv2/r = 1000.0 Kg x (14m/s) 2 / 50.0 m = 3900 N

F f > Fc the car goes in a circle.

b) Ff = mg = 0.20 x 1000.0 Kg x 9.80 m/s 2 = 2000 N

F f < Fc the car doesn't go in a circle.

Oct2611:18AM

2.Achildlocated11.0mfromthecenterofamerrygoroundismovingwithaspeedof
1.25m/s.Calculate:
a)thecentripetalaccelerationofthechild
b)thenethorizontalforceexertedonthechild(mass=25.0Kg)

a) a c = v2/r = (1.25 m/s) 2 / 11.0 m = 0.142 m/s 2

b) Fc = ma c = 25.0 Kg x 0.142 m/s 2 = 3.55 N

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3.Anethorizontalforceof26.0Nisappliedtoa0.80Kgstonetokeepitrotatingina
horizontalcircleofradius0.50m.Calculateitsspeed.

Fc = mv 2 /r so v = (r F c/m) = (0.50 m x 26.0 N /0.80 Kg)

= 4.0 m/s

4.Whatisthemaximumspeedwithwhicha1000.0kgcarcanroundaturnofradius85m
onaflatroadifthecoefficientoffrictionbetweentheroadandthetiresis0.60?Isthe
resultindependentofthemassofthecar?

Fc = Ff

so mv

/r = mg
v = (rg)
= (85 m x 0.60 x 9.80 m/s2)

Yes the result is independent of the mass because the mass

cancels in the equation.

Oct2611:42AM

CircularmotioninaverticalplaneFBDs:
Consideraplanedoingaverticalloop,arollercoasteroraball
onastringbeingspuninaverticalcircle:

Anobjectatthetopexperiencesa
centripetalforcedownward,tension
(ornormalforce)downwardand
gravitydownward.

Fg

F c=Fg+T

Fg

Anobjectatthebottomexperiencesa
centripetalforceupward,tension(or
normalforce)upwardandgravity
downward.
F c=TFg
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Problemsinvolvingcircularmotioninaverticalplane

1. Aballconnectedtoa1.2mlongstringisrotatedinavertical
circle.Iftheballhasamassof180gandthestringwillbreakifthe
tensionexceeds5.0N.Howfastcanyouswingtheballbeforeit
breaksatthebottomoftheswing?
2. Aplane,ofmass900.0Kg,doesaninvertedloopofradius0.250
kmat180km/hatthetopoftheloop..Whatisthenormalforce
appliedonitswingsatthisspeed?
3. Ifapilot(mass92Kg)canwithstand4g'swithoutpassingout.
Howfastwillhebetravellingatthebottomofaverticalloopifthe
radiusoftheloopis1.2km?
4. Howfastmustaplanebetravellingatthetopofaverticalloopif
theradiusoftheloopis1.5kmandthenormalforceexperiencedby
thepilot(m=88Kg)is50.0N.

Completequestions14p.214
Oct2712:40PM

Problemsinvolvingcircularmotioninaverticalplane

1. Aballconnectedtoa1.2mlongstringisrotatedinavertical
circle.Iftheballhasamassof180gandthestringwillbreakifthe
tensionexceeds5.0N.Howfastcanyouswingtheballbeforeit
breaksatthebottomoftheswing?ANS:4.6m/s
2. Aplane,ofmass900.0Kg,doesaninvertedloopofradius0.250
kmat180km/hatthetopoftheloop.Whatisthenormalforce
appliedonitswingsatthisspeed? ANS:180N
3. Ifapilot(mass92Kg)canwithstand4g'swithoutpassingout.
Howfastwillhebetravellingatthebottomofaverticalloopifthe
radiusoftheloopis1.2km? ANS:
4. Howfastmustaplanebetravellingatthetopofaverticalloopif
theradiusoftheloopis1.5kmandthenormalforceexperiencedby
thepilot(m=88Kg)is50.0N. ANS:

Completequestions14p.214
Oct2712:40PM

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1. Aballconnectedtoa1.2mlongstringisrotatedinavertical
circle.Iftheballhasamassof180gandthestringwillbreakif
thetensionexceeds5.0N.Howfastcanyouswingtheball
beforeitbreaksatthebottomoftheswing?

Oct292:13PM

2. Aplane,ofmass900.0Kg,doesaninvertedloopof
radius0.250kmat180km/hatthetopoftheloop..What
isthenormalforceappliedonitswingsatthisspeed?

Oct292:27PM

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3. Ifapilot(mass92Kg)canwithstand4g'swithout
passingout.Howfastwillhebetravellingatthebottomofa
verticalloopiftheradiusoftheloopis1.2km?

Nov112:53PM

4. Howfastmustaplanebetravellingatthetopofavertical
loopiftheradiusoftheloopis1.5kmandthenormalforce
experiencedbythepilot(m=88Kg)is50.0N.

Nov112:54PM

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