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EFFECTIVE PROPOSAL

FINAL YEAR PROJECT

Khalid Isa, PhD


halid@uthm.edu.my

5 MINUTE SELF TEST


Answers: 1. b 2. c 3. d 4. c

1. How long should a FYP


proposal be?
a. 1 3 pages
b. 3 7 pages
c. 7 15 pages
d. 15 20 pages

2. Which of the following is NOT

needed in a FYP proposal?


a. problem statements
b. a list of references
c. a detailed literature review
d. a project timetable

3. How can proposed project be justified?

a. a gap in the literature needs to be addressed


b. an improved methodology is to be used
c. the project may benefit policy and practice
d. all of the above

4. The project plan:

a. should commit you to a plan of action


b. should be a substantial part of the proposal
c. should show your project is well organised and
achievable
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d. is the same as the project timetable

The FYP is as it sounds; a year-long project that evolves through three


written phases:
Proposal
Progress report and Seminar paper
Final report

PROPOSAL
REQUIREMENTS

PROPOSAL
RULES
Plagiarism

COMMON PROPOSAL CONCERN


Writing a proposal
just seems like
another hoop to
jump through

I havent even
decided what my
project will be about
yet!

What if I change my
mind later and want
to do something
else?

PURPOSE OF
PROPOSAL

What are
you going to
do?
What are
the
outcomes/
expected
results

Why this
project
important/
significant?

Advice
There are three main pieces of advice
when writing a proposal. What do you
think these are?

Be realistic

Research, research, research

Follow directions

How are you


going to
complete the
project?

Reader to
understand

Where the
project will
be tested?

Who going
to involve in
this project?

What are
the
objectives
and scopes
of the
project?

PREPARATION
Think about it
Generate ideas
Background reading
Ask yourself

Am I familiar with other project that has been conducted in areas related to my project?
Do I have a clear understanding of the steps that I will use in conducting my project?
Do I have the ability to go through each step?
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Title

PROPOSAL
ELEMENTS
Advice
At early stage:

Identifying problem statements


Formulating project objectives
Formulating project scopes
Do the literature review

Project background
Problem Statements
Objectives
Scopes
Methodology
Expected Results
References

Imagine the experimental design

Appendix

TITLE
Focused and
precise

Highlight Main
Contribution

Use keywords
as indexed

Avoid ambiguous word


and phrasing as full sentence

Example:
Weak (Too little information and Too lengthy)
Controller algorithm for an autonomous underwater glider (Too little)
Controller algorithm based on integration of artificial neural networks,
artificial endocrine systems, and artificial immune systems for a hybriddriven autonomous underwater glider (Too lengthy)

Strong (Precise, focused and informative)


Homeostatic-inspired controller algorithm for a hybrid-driven
autonomous underwater glider

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PROJECT BACKGROUND
General review of the area of project
Introduces broad to specific about the project
Use keywords in the title as a guideline
Should start on a broader scale and keep zeroing down to the
problem.

by the time one reads the last sentence of background, he/she should be
having a hint about the problem statement.
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Example:

Broad area

Specific area

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PROBLEM STATEMENTS

Start with a general statement of the problem or issues


Make sure the problem is restricted in scope
Make sure the context of the problem is clear
Cite the references from which the problem was stated previously
Provide justification for the project to be conducted
Motivates to conduct the proposed project
Highlight the problems/demerits of the available techniques
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Example:

Problem

Solution

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OBJECTIVES

Must be written using any specific measurable verb


To design
To propose
To evaluate
Are the final results to be achieved
Must be spelled out explicitly
Should be achievable in the stipulated time period
These shall not be too many
Should be SMART (Simple, Measurable, Attainable, Reliable and Timely)

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Example:
The main objective of this project is to design a homeostatic
controller algorithm for a hybrid-driven autonomous
underwater glider. Thus, the sub-objectives are:
i.

to design and propose a homeostatic controller


algorithm of the glider motion control system.

ii.

to develop the hybrid-driven autonomous underwater


glider platform for oceanographic sensing applications.

iii. to evaluate the performance of the homeostatic


controller and the hybrid-driven underwater glider in
the highly nonlinear ocean environment.
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SCOPES
Should show the boundaries, limitations and assumptions of your
project

Coverage What techniques, specifications and tools (software and

hardware) that you used? Who How many subjects/data involved?


Functionality - What will your system do? What wont it do?
Assumption What kind of environment?

Should be specific not generic. Justification is mandatory!

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Example:
In order to fulfil the stated objectives, the scope of
this project will be divided into three phases.
i)

In the glider modelling and design phase


a) The hybrid-driven glider will has a cylindrical
hull with controllable wings, a rudder, a ballast
pump, internal moving mass, and a propeller.
Thus, the hybrid-driven AUG can be propelled
using buoyancy and/or propeller.

Coverage:
Specification
Functionality

b) The glider will be mathematically modelled


based on the Newton-Euler approach and the
presence of water currents as a disturbance will
been taken into account.

Coverage:
Technique

c) The centre of gravity (CG) will be assumed to


be located slightly under the centre of buoyancy
(CB) for the purpose of achieving a stable, fullsubmerged underwater glider.

Assumption

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Example:
ii) In the controller algorithm phase
a) Three artificial systems will be required to
design the homeostatic controller algorithm. These
three systems are an artificial neural network
(ANN), an artificial endocrine system (AES), and an
artificial immune system (AIS). The ANN is designed
as the controller backbone; the AES is designed as
the weight tuner; and the AIS is designed as the
optimiser. These three systems are combined into
a single system to control the glider's overall
motion.
b) The algorithm has been simulated by using
MATLABTM.
c) Only the Euler angles will be considered as the
desired outputs. The glider position will be
neglected as the parameter of interest.

Coverage:
Techniques
Functionality

Coverage:
Software

Assumption

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Example:
iii) In the prototype development phase
a) The glider 3D design will be drawn by using
SolidworksTM.
b) The glider structure will be fabricated, with an
aluminium alloy will be used as the material for
the glider structure.
c) Arduino Mega 2560 will be used as the
microcontroller, DS-Xtend as the communication
module, high flow thruster 400HFS-L as the
propeller, and 12V Li-po battery as the power
system. The sensor module for the glider consists
of an IMU sensor, compass, echo sounder and
GPS.
d) The experimental testing will be divided into
two types: sea test and diving pool test.

Coverage:
Software
Coverage:
Material

Coverage:
Hardware

Functionality
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METHODOLOGY
Presents the steps you intend to follow to achieve the objectives
Highlight the breadth and depth of the project
Identify variables/parameters
Project design
would be good to put it into a flow chart

System design
would be good to put it into a block diagram

Data collection plan

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METHODOLOGY: INSTRUMENTS
Describe the instruments will be used to gather data (tests, techniques, surveys,
etc)

Provide reliability and validity information to show techniques are valid for
the study

Describe how the variables will be measured


Provide justification for selection of instruments based on theory, research
question, subject characteristics, etc.

Provide published reliability of instrument and plan to establish reliability

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METHODOLOGY: PROCEDURE
Describe how the study will be conducted
When, how, where and by whom the data will be collected
Describe the design of the test will be conducted or statistical test will be
selected in this section.

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Example: Project
Design

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Example: System Design

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Example: System Design

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EXPECTED RESULTS
Describe your targeted results and it must be consistent with the
problem statements and objectives.

Can be at various level either algorithm, architecture, system,


prototype, or application etc.

Outcomes from analyses, measurements, evaluations, etc.


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Example:
Expected results of this project can be described as follows:
(i) Prototype:
It is expected that at the end of this project, the prototype of a
hybrid-driven autonomous underwater glider will be developed.
(ii) Algorithm:
It is expected that the homeostatic-inspired controller
algorithm to control the glider motion will be successfully designed
and implemented.
Several analyses will also be produced at the end of this project.
The analyses are:
Hydrodynamics analysis
Controller performance analysis
Benchmarking analysis

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Visualise the expected results


Prototype
GUI

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REFERENCES
Must be recent (in five (5) years time) and must be written
correctly.

Presents a list of the scholarly work you have read and used in
building your proposal.

Follow the referencing style recommended by the faculty.


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Example:
Author-date referencing (Harvard system)

Numerical referencing

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APPENDIX

Appendix should at
least contain

Work plan (Gantt


Chart)
Budget/ Cost

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CONCLUSION

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THANK YOU
Q&A

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