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Faculty of Informatics & Comm. Engineering

Course: WIRELESS SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (WSN) ,
Midterm Exam 2014-2015-S2
Number of pages: 4

Allowed Facilities: calculator

Duration: 90 minutes

Date:

/ 2014

Total points: 20

Solution Key midterm exam

Question 1 (5 marks): Choose the most correct answer (only one):

1. In IEEE 802.21 standard, the ........ service provides events and triggers
to the upper layers.
A. MIH CS
B. MIH ES
C. MIH IS
2. The problem of hidden terminal appears when:
A. the CS fails for this
B. the CD fails for this C. the hidden terminal
hidden terminal
hidden terminal
senses the carrier
3. One of the positive effects of multipath propagation is:
A. decreasing the
B. increasing the
C. reducing the fading
coverage area
coverage area
4. A rake receiver has several fingers in order to:
A. to increase the effect B. to send several
C. to synchronize to a
of multipath
signals, each on one
different multipath
propagation
path
components.
5. The purpose of guard bands between the channels in FDMA technique
is to:
A. avoid the adjacent
B. avoid the co-channel C. good design the BPF
interference
interference
filter for each channel
Question 2 (6 marks):
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the following concepts (2
advantages and 2 disadvantages for each):
1. -Hybrid TDM/FDM multiplexing technique.
2mark for each
Advantages:

better protection against tapping (hopping among frequencies)

protection against frequency selective interference (e.g.,

interference in a certain small frequency band)
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Disadvantages:

Framing and sync. required

precise coordination required

Two senders will interfere (for so small period) if they choose the
same frequency at the same time.
2. -CDM technique
Advantages:
bandwidth efficient
no coordination and synchronization necessary
good protection against interference and tapping
Code space is also a lot larger than frequency space.
We can assign individual code to individual sender.
Disadvantages:
lower user data rates due to high gains required to reduce
interference
high complexity of the receiver decoding cost.
A receiver has to know the code so as to separate the useful signal
from the rest signals and the background noise.
A receiver must be precisely synchronized with the transmitter to
apply the decoding correctly.
power control : All the signals received by the receiver should have
equal strength, otherwise some signals drain others.
3. -Binary PSK modulation
Advantages:
more complex, robust against interference
better performance
Disadvantages:
rapid amplitude change between symbols due to phase
discontinuity, which requires infinite bandwidth.
more cost
Question 3 (9 marks):
Compare between Aloha, slotted Aloha and reservation Aloha (Explicit
reservation) access medium techniques with respect to the following points:
principle with drawing, efficiency, advantages and disadvantages.
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Principle +drawing: 1+0.5mark

Advantages + disadvantages: 1amrk
Efficiency: 0.5 mark
Classical Aloha:
Principle: Each station can access the medium at any time . This is a
random access scheme, without a central arbiter controlling access and
without coordination among the stations.
Advantage: simple (low cost)
Disadvantage: If two or more stations access the medium at the same
time, a collision occurs and the transmitted data is destroyed (damaged).
Efficiency: 18%
Slotted Aloha:
Principle: additionally uses time-slots, all senders have to be
synchronized, sending must always start at slot boundaries
Still, access is not coordinated so collision

Advantages: medium cost and more efficient than Aloha

Disadvantages: collision as Aloha
Efficiency: 36%
Reservation Aloha consists of two modes:
ALOHA mode for reservation: all stations can try to reserve future slots,
collisions possible during this phase but do not destroy data transmission
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but, only the short requests for data transmission. If successful, a time slot
in the future is reserved, and no other station is allowed to transmit during
this slot.
reserved mode for data transmission within successful reserved slots (no
collisions possible)
It is important for all stations to keep the reservation list consistent at any
point in time and, therefore, all stations have to synchronize from time to
time.

Advantages: no collision+ 80% efficiency

Disadvantage: the collision at requests level is still exist + delay+more complex
(high cost).
Efficiency: 80%
========================================================
Best of luck

Dr. Mohamad SALHANI

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