Drilling

FISHING
Day Two
DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING
Safety considerations
While recovery attempt in progress using high torque and pull
on drillstring ...
Only the minimum crew allowed on the rigfloor (driller+ fishing eng)
Driller must fully understand what he has to do
Torque and pull limits must be clearly communicated
Instrumentation must be in perfect working order and recording
Latches of power tongs tied up, if used

Prepared for escaping from rig floor in case of emergency
Remember this ...

146.4 t
Pipe recovery
back-off
Options
cut
Methods :
Applying left torque only
Applying left torque and firing string shot
Using LH drillpipe + engaging tool
Using RH drillpipe + reversing tool + engaging tool
Severing the pipe by ...
jet cutting
chemical cutting
shaped charge
Preparations
The following has to be known before trying to back-off :
A. The BHA and in general , the pipe tally
B. The weight of the free drillstring
C. The free point ...
calculated from pull test, or

measured by Free Point Indicator tool
D. Depths of the tool joint or casing collars (CCL)
Do you know how the FPI tool works ?

Back-off
hook load
left turns
tension
NPT
compression
-
WOB
+
1
Back-off using string shot

Pull to the buoyed weight of the free pipe
(have the NPT at the target connection)
Apply 1 turn / 1000 ft of the free pipe to the left
left turns
wireline
Work the pipe, let the torque go down to the

tool joint to be backed off at
Fire a string shot across this tool joint
string
shot
Pick up the string and check the weight
The Fishermans toolbox
Fishing tools
External catch
Internal catch
Destructive tools : pipe cutters mechanical
- hydraulic
- chemical
- explosive
mills pipe mills
- bottom mills
Other tools : impression block, fishing magnet, junk basket

quick release sub, casing roller, casing swedge,
casing scraper
Other tools : impression block, fishing magnet, junk basket

quick release sub
Indicators, that junk is in the hole
No progress
Erratic, fluctuating string torque
Ring grooves on bit cone(s) or face
Broken teeth, TCI or PDC cutters on new bits
Decrease in SPP due to blown bit nozzle(s)

Missing nozzles or cones from bit pulled
Dents or grooves on downhole tools
Missing parts of slips, tonges or other tools

Vitnessed that something fell into the hole
What ? Junk ? What junk ?

Most frequent stuff :
Lost bit parts : teeth or TCI
cone
bearing elements (balls @ rollers)
nozzle(s) and nozzle holder
Debris from float shoe, collar or wiper plug
Lost hand tools : wrench, pipe wrench, hammer
flashlight, jack-knife, tape measure
Slip parts, tong die or pin
Parts broke off from various downhole equipment
Selection of the best fishing method

Questions :
A. What is the junk ?
origin
material
size and weight
shape
B. Magnetic or not ?
C. Could it be milled ?
A. Could it be pushed to the side ?
Power tong the die could be lost

cover the hole cover the hole cover the hole cover the hole cover the hole cover the hole
MG0007.jpgvMG0007.jpg
cover the hole cover the hole cover the
hole cover the hole cover the hole cover the hole
1
Removing junk
Tools :
Magnet, electromagnetic wireline tool (EMT)
Junk basket
Reverse circulated junk basket (RCJB)
Junk catcher (finger type)

Flat bottom mill
Disintegration by explosive (torpedo)
Fishing with magnet

Types
permanent
magnet
on drillstring
(tripping time)
electromagnet
on wireline
(fast retrieval)
circulation
is possible
no circulation
Fishing magnet
A pole lock should be installed

across the pole plate when the
magnet is not in use.
top sub
housing
flush guide
permanent
magnet
pole plate
Picture103.jpg
Junk baskets
conventional (boot basket)
Forms :
Poor Boy baskets
Types :
finger
peen
wire whiskers
inside
spring
diamond
cuts
open
circulating
Finger junk catcher
Finger junk catcher
Boot sub, junk sub

Inserted right above the bit, the debris falls into the
cup when circulated up from bottom.
The cup could be ...
screw-on, or
welded to the stem
Mainly used in wiper trip / cleanout assembly.
Impression block
The purpose is to learn the shape of the top
of the fish.
The inserted block on the bottom of the tool
could be either lead, or plastic.
It may be run on :
drillstring, tubing, or
slickline, wireline
Ditch magnet
Collects the steel debris in the flowline. Cleaning and measuring

the weight of the collected steel every day is an important task.
Coarse thread safety joint
The purpose is to disangage from the

fish if it could not be made free or
retrieved.
Some of them has an additional safety
feature against excessive make-up :
the stop shoulder.
Reverse circulating junk basket - RCJB

The principle :
Junk catcher (insert)

One or two of this spring loaded
catchers are built into a housing,
which has a mill shoe guide on
the end.
Shoe options for the RCJB
Case-1 The bit lost one cone

After drilling 1,340 ft with a 12-1/4 tricone milled tooth bit, the drilling
torque became erratic. POOH for investigation.
When on surface, it became evident, that one cone of the bit and all
rollers and balls from that cone left in the hole. The other 2 cones are
intact.
What should you do ?
Case-2 The bit lost two cones

The 8-1/2 1-3-1 milled tooth tricone bit ran a bit rough and soon the
progress came to a halt. Pulled out immediately for bit change, hoping
that nothing is left in the hole.
No luck. This time the bit lost 2 cones, but the third one was OK and
the nozzles were in place.
Case-3 The bit lost a jet nozzle

While drilling with a17-1/2 1-1-1 milled tooth tricone bit, a sudden
SPP pressure drop was experienced. The pressure drop was
equivalent to loosing one of the 18/32 nozzles.
Pulled out of hole for checking the string for washouts and for
looking at the the bit. No washouts were found, but indeed, one of
the nozzles was blown (out).
Case-4 A tong die dropped into the hole

Due to a snapped retainer pin a tong die slipped out and fell into the
hole.
Case-5 Drillpipe twisted off in the slips

December 31, 1974. At 5 pm on one rig the 3-1/2 15.5 lb/ft E grade
NC38 drillpipe twisted off while made a connection during tripping in.
The string remained hanging in the slips with 23 tons, with the broken ,
twisted and closed end not extending above the slip .
1. What went wrong here ?
2. What should you do ?
Note : the broken pipe was removed and tripping continued from 10:30 pm.
Case-6 Slickline parted

A TOTCO inclinometer was run on slickline inside the 5 drillpipe and
HWDP, down to the mud motor at 12,435 ft. When attempted to pull out,
due to a still unknown reason the slickline parted on top of the probe
and the probe is left downhole.
The BHA tally says that there is a float valve on top of the DC string.
On top of the probe is a fishing neck, and matching overshot is available.
1. What went wrong ?

2. What should you do ?
Some fishing tools
Parts of fishing tools
A
D
E
C
Logan Oil Tools


Drilling

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FISHING

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Latches of power tongs tied up, if used

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Remember this ...

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

C. The free point ...

calculated from pull test, or

D. Depths of the tool joint or casing collars (CCL)

Do you know how the FPI tool works ?

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Back-off using string shot

Work the pipe, let the torque go down to the

Pick up the string and check the weight

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

The Fishermans toolbox

Other tools : impression block, fishing magnet, junk basket

Other tools : impression block, fishing magnet, junk basket

Indicators, that junk is in the hole

Decrease in SPP due to blown bit nozzle(s)

Missing parts of slips, tonges or other tools

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

What ? Junk ? What junk ?

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Selection of the best fishing method

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Power tong the die could be lost

Junk catcher (finger type)

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Fishing with magnet

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

A pole lock should be installed

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Poor Boy baskets

Finger junk catcher

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Finger junk catcher

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Boot sub, junk sub

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Collects the steel debris in the flowline. Cleaning and measuring

Coarse thread safety joint

The purpose is to disangage from the

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Reverse circulating junk basket - RCJB

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Junk catcher (insert)

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Shoe options for the RCJB

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Case-1 The bit lost one cone

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Case-2 The bit lost two cones

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Case-3 The bit lost a jet nozzle

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Case-4 A tong die dropped into the hole

What should you do ?

DRILLING ACADEMY - FISHING

Case-5 Drillpipe twisted off in the slips

1. What went wrong here ?

2. What should you do ?

Case-6 Slickline parted