CONCEPT OF MOL

1.

Moll is used as a unit of number in chemistry calculations

Definition of moll:
A moll of a substance contains 6,022 x 1023 particles. The number 6,022 x 1023 is called Avogadro's
Number because it is based on the experiments of Avogadro.
The amount of Number Avogadro is stated based on the knowledge of the mass of C-12 atom
The mass of C-12 atom = 1,99268 x 1023 grams so, in 12 grams of C-12 there are
12

1,99268x10 23 gram/atom

6,0220x10 23 atoms
If it is declared in 3 important numbers, then the Number Avogadro is: NA = 6,02 . 10 23
So, according to the definition above:
1 moll of every substance contains 6,02 x 1023 particles

For example:
1 moll of H2O contains 6,02 . 1023 molecules of H2O
1 moll of Na contains 6,02 . 1023 molecules of Na
The relation of the number of moll (n) with the number of particles.
Number of particles: n x 6,02 . 10 23

numberofparticles
6,02x1023

And

Molar Mass
The mass in grams of one of atom or compound is called "MOLAR MASS". You have studied
that "molecular mass" is the sum of atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule and "formula mass" is
the sum of atomic masses of all atoms in a formula unit.
Examples: {USE the table of atomic mass/Ar}
1. Molecular mass of CO2 = {1 x atomic mass of C} + (2 x atomic mass of O} = 1 x 12} + {2 x 16}
Mr CO2
= 44
2. Formula mass of Na2SO4 = {2x atomic mass of Na} + (1 x atomic mass of S} + { 4 x atomic mass
of O}= {2 x 23} + {1 x 32}+{4 x 16}
Mr Na2SO4
= 142
Mass of one mole of atoms, molecules and ionic compound in gram can be calculated using the
following equations:
1. Mass of 1 mole atoms in gram = atomic mass of atom
Example: 1 mole Al = atomic mass of Al gram
1 mole Al = 27 gram
2. Mass of 1 mole atoms in gram = molecular mass of molecul
Example: 1 mole H2O = molecular mass of H2O gram
1 mole H2O = {2 x 1} + {1 x 16} gram
= 18 gram
3. Mass of 1 mole ionic compound in gram = formula mass of compound
Example: 1 mole NaCl = formula mass of NaCl
1 mole NaCl = {1 x 23} + {1 x 35,5} gram
= 58,5 gram
From the above examples we can make a conclude that:
The mass of 1 mole of an element is equal to its atomic mass in gram
The conversion between mole and mass:

xMr{Ar}

MOLE

MASS
:Mr{Ar}

Example:
[using the table of atomic mass]
1. Mass of 1 mole ionic compound in gram = formula mass of compound
a. glucose [C6H12O6]
b. acetic acid [CH3COOH]
c. Urea [CO(NH2)2]
Answers:
a. Molecul mass of glucose = {6 x 12} + {12 x 1} + {6 x 16} = 180
The molar mass of glucose = 180 gram/mole
b. Molecul mass of acetic acid = {2 x 12} + {4 x 1} + {2 x 16} = 60
The molar mass of acetic acid = 60 gram/mole
c. Molecule mass of urea = {1 x 16} + {2 x 14} + {4 x 1} = 60
The molar mass of urea = 60 gram/mole
2.

How any moles are present in 2,2 grams of CO 2 molecul?

Answer:
Molecul mass of CO2 = {1 x 12} + {2 x 16} = 44
2,2 grams of CO2 = [2,2 : 44] moles = 0,05 moles

3.

An atom of element X weight 3,16 x 10-23 grams

a. What is the atomic mass of X
b. Write down the name of X
Answers:
a. 1 atom X = 3,16 x 10-23 grams
1 mole X = 6,022 x 1023 atoms
1 mole X = 6,022 x 1023 x 3,16 x 10-23 grams = 19 grams
The atomic mass of X = 19
b. Using the periodic table, the name of X is Fluorine.

Molar Volume of Gas

Avogadros hypothesis said that equal volumes of different gases at the same temperature and pressure
contain of equal number of particles. This phenomenon has agreed in commonly. In other words, all of
gases which have equal volume contain of equal number of particles. Its now called Avogadros Law. The
equal number of particles and moles can be summarized as follow:
Volume = Number of particles
Volume M
Volume = Standard Molar Volume

Volume
Standard Molar Volume
Moles
The comparison between volume (V) and mol (n) can be summarized as follow:

Volume (V )
Standard Molar Volume
Moles (n)
For n = 1 mol, the volume of the gas called molar volume (Vm)
Molar volume is volume which placed by one mol of gas at the same
temperature pressure.
Molar volume (Vm) can be counted using the law of an ideal gas equation
PV = nRT as follow:

Molar volume Vm

Volume ( V ) RT

mol ( n)
P

P
V
n
R
T

= pressure (atm)
= volume (L)
= molar volume of gas (mol)
= 0,08206 L atm/mol K
= temperature (K)

Example 7.10
o
How many molar volume of gas at 1 atm and 25 C.
Solution:

Vm

V
RT
0, 08206 L atm/mol K x 298, 15 K

24, 4 L
mol
n
P
1 mol

There are two conditions, temperature (T) and pressure (P) which are usually used for explain molar
volume of gas, called Standard Conditions of Temperature and Pressure (STP) and Ambient Conditions of
Temperature and Pressure (ATP).
STP
o
T = 0 C (273,15 K)
P = 1 atm
Vm = 22,4 L/mol

ATP
o
T = 25 C (298,15 K)
P = 1 atm
Vm = 22,4 L/mol

= 22,4 dm /mol

= 22,4 dm /mol

STPisStandard
ATPisAmbient
Conditionsof
Conditionsof
Temperatureand
Temperatureand
Pressure
Pressure
Example 7.11
How many molar volume of the gas if the volume is 2L in STP?
Solution:
Known:

Looked for:

Volume of
gas = 2L

Mol of
Hydrogen
gas.

Needed:
Molar volume
(Vm) in STP (T
o

=25 C,
P= 1 atm )

Using the pattern:

Molar volume ( Vm )

Volume ( V )
mol ( n)
in STP is 22,4 L/mol

mol ( n)

Volume ( V )
2L

Molar volume ( Vm ) 22, 4 L

Mol of gas,

0, 089
mol

Example 7.12
The volume of hydrogen gas in the cylinder inside the laboratory is 10 L. If the temperature of the room
o
25 C and the pressure of the air ~ 1 atm, how many molar volume of hydrogen gas in the cylinder?
Solution:
Known:
Volume of
hydrogen gas
(V) = 10 L
Using the pattern:

Looked for:

Needed:

Mol of
hydrogen gas.

Molar volume
o

(Vm) in 25 C
and 1 atm

Molar volume ( Vm )

Volume ( V )
mol ( n)
is 24,4 L/mol

Mol of hydrogen gas in the cylinder,

mol ( n)

Volume ( V )
Molar volume ( Vm )

10 L
24, 4 L
mol
0, 41 mol

A summary of conversion between volume, mole, grams, and number of molecule of any gas at STP as
follow:

EXERCISE
I. Multiple choice question
1. Mass of 0,5 mole C is .
a. 3 grams
b. 6 grams
c. 12 grams
d. 24 grams
e. 60 grams
2.

How many molecules are there in 3 grams urea

a. 1,2 x 1023
b. 3,01 x 1023
c. 6,02 x 1023
d. 1,2 x 1022
e. 3,01 x 1022

3.

The molar mass of acethyldehide [CH3CHO] is

a. 30 gram/mole
b. 44 gram/mole
c. 60 gram/mole
d. 64 gram/mole
e. 68 gram/mole

4.

Mass of 1,204 x 1022 molecules of glucose is .

a. 0,09 grams
b. 0,18 grams
c. 0,36 grams
d. 0,9 grams
e. 3,6 grams

5.

Mass of 5,6 liters of hydrogen gas is .

a. 0,25 g
b. 0,50 g
c. 2,50 g
d. 5,00 g
e. 25,0 g

6.

How many moles of atoms are contained in 2,8 g of Iron?

a. 0,05 mole
b. 0,5 mole
c. 5 mole
d. 50 mole
e. 500 mole

7.

What is the mass of 0,4 mole of oxygen atoms?

a. 64 gram
b. 6,4 gram
c. 0,64 gram
d. 0,064 gram
e. 0,006 gram

8.

How many oxygen atoms are there in 4 g of oxygen? (O = 16,0; L = 6,02 x 10 22 mol-1)
a. 6,02 x 1023
b. 1,5 x 1023
c. 0,6 x 1023
d. 0,15 x 1023
e. 0,015 x 1023

9.

Calculate the volume of 24 x 1023 molecules of gas at s, t, p?

(1 mole of gas occupies 22,4 dm3 at s, t, p; Avogadro constant = 6,02 x 10 23 mol-1)
a. 89,6 dm3
b. 8,96 dm3
c. 0,896 dm3
d. 0,0896 dm3
e. 0,00896 dm3

10. The equation for the complete combustion of ethene is:

C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
What volume of oxygen is required to completely burn 50 cm 3 of ethene?
a. 150 cm3
b. 15 cm3
c. 1,5 cm3
d. 0,15 cm3
e. 0,015 cm3
II. Descriptive questions
1. How many atoms does each of the following samples contain?
a. 35,5 grams of Cl2
b. 1,2 grams of magnesium
f. 6,2 grams of P4
2. What are the mass of:
a. 0,5 moles of CHCl3
b. 4 moles of CaCO3
c. 4,8 x 1022 molecules of H2S
3. Which could the worth most:
1,5 moles of silver; 300 grams of silver or 1,204 x 10 24 Ag atoms?
4. Arrange the following in order if increasing weight:
1 mole of calcium carbonate; 2 moles of iron; 3 moles of ammonium fluoride
5.
6.
7.
8.

An atom of element A weight 3,94 x 10-23 grams.

a. What is the molar mass of A?
b. Write down the name of A [USE the periodic table]
In 36 g of water
a) How many moles of molecules are present?
b) How many moles of hydrogen atoms are present? (H = 1, O = 16)
How many hydrogen atoms are there in 10 gram of hydrogen?
Calculate the volume of 1,5 x 1023 molecules of gas s, t, p?

9.

The equation for the complete combustion of ethene is:

2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(g)
10. What volume of oxygen is required to completely burn 50 cm 3 of ethene?
How many mole or air are in the lungs of an average adult with a lung capacity of 5,6 L? Assume that the
person is at 1.0 atm and 0oC