TCXDVN 276:2002

tiu chun xy dng vit nam

cng trnh cng cng- nguyn tc c bn thit k

Public Building. Basic rules for design

1. Phm vi p dng

Tiu chun ny p dng thit k xy dng mi hoc ci to cc cng

trnh cng cng trong cc th, bao gm cc cng trnh y t, th thao, vn
ho, gio dc, tr s c quan hnh chnh cc cp, cc cng trnh dch v cng
cng nhm m bo nhng yu cu c bn v s dng, an ton v v sinh.
Ch thch:
1. Khi thit k cc cng trnh cng cng nh nu trn, ngoi nhng
qui nh trong tiu chun ny, cn phi tun theo nhng qui nh trong cc
tiu chun thit k hin hnh i vi tng loi cng trnh.
2. Cc cng trnh cng cng xy dng vng nng thn c th tham kho
tiu chun ny.
2. Tiu chun trch dn
Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam
TCVN 2748- 1991. Phn cp cng trnh xy dng- Nguyn tc chung
TCVN 2622-1995. Phng chy, chng chy cho nh v cng trnh- Yu cu
thit k
TCVN 5568-1991. iu hp kch thc m un trong xy dng. Nguyn tc
c bn
TCVN 2737-1995. Ti trng v tc ng. Tiu chun thit k
TCXDVN 264:2002. Nh v cng trnh- Nguyn tc c bn xy dng cng
trnh m bo ngi tn tt tip cn s dng.
TCVN 5744-1993 Thang my. Yu cu an ton trong lp t v s dng
TCXD 192-1996. Ca g- Ca i, ca s. Yu cu k thut
TCXD 237-1999. Ca kim loi- Ca i, ca s. Yu cu k thut
TCVN 5682-1992. Thng gi iu tit khng kh, si m. Tiu chun thit
k
TCXD 29-1991. Chiu sng t nhin trong cng trnh dn dng. Tiu chun
thit k.
TCXD 16-1986 . Chiu sng nhn to trong cng trnh dn dng
TCXD 46-1986 . Chng st cho nh v cng trnh xy dng

TCXDVN. 276: 2002

3. Quy nh chung
3.1. Phn loi cc cng trnh cng cng xem ph lc A trong tiu chun ny.
3.2. Khi thit k cc cng trnh cng cng phi cn c vo nhng iu kin
kh hu t nhin, a cht thu vn, cc tin nghi phc v cng cng, kh
nng xy lp, cung ng vt t v s dng vt liu a phng.
3.3. Gii php b cc cc loi cng trnh cng cng phi ph hp vi quy
hoch v truyn thng xy dng a phng.
3.4. Cn c vo tiu chun din tch, khi tch, cht lng hon thin bn
trong v bn ngoi, cc thit b k thut (v sinh, in nc, thng hi, thng
gi, iu ho khng kh, si m,...), cht lng cng trnh, cp ca cng trnh
cng cng c ly t cp I n cp III nh quy nh trong TCVN 2748 1991 Phn cp cng trnh xy dng- Nguyn tc chung. Cc ngi nh trong
mt cng trnh cng cng nn c thit k cng mt cp cng trnh.
Ch thch:
1. Cc cng trnh cng cng c ngha quan trng v nh cao tng
c thit k cp cng trnh cp I.
2. Cc cng trnh cng cng c xy dng ti cc th x, th trn, th t
c php thit k t cp II tr xung.
3. Nhng ngi nh, cng trnh hay b phn cng trnh c yu cu s dng
ngn hn, cho php xy dng cp cng trnh thp hn so vi cp ca cng
trnh chnh, nhng phi tun theo nhng quy nh trong tiu chun Phng
chy, chng chy cho nh v cng trnh - Yu cu thit k- TCVN 26221995.
4. Cng trnh cng cng cp cng trnh no th mc s dng vt liu
trang tr, mc tin nghi v thit b v sinh, in nc tng ng vi cp
cng trnh y. Trng hp c yu cu s dng c bit, c th cho php s
dng mc cao hn.
3.5.Tu thuc vo iu kin c th m cc cng trnh cng cng c th c
xy dng thp tng hay cao tng.
Cng trnh thp tng l cng trnh c t 1 n 3 tng.
Cng trnh nhiu tng l cng trnh c t 4 n 9 tng
Cng trnh cao tng l cng trnh c t 9 tng tr ln.
3.6. Cht lng xy dng cng trnh c xc nh bi bn vng tnh bng
nin hn s dng v bc chu la ca cng trnh.
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3.7. Khi thit k cng trnh cng cng vng c ng t v trn nn t ln

phi tun theo tiu chun Xy dng cng trnh trong vng ng t.
3.8. H s thit k cc cng trnh cng cng phi tun theo nhng quy nh
trong cc tiu chun hin hnh c lin quan.
3.9. Bc m un Bo, Lo ca cc cng trnh cng cng phi ly cc theo quy
nh trong tiu chun iu hp kch thc m un trong xy dng. Nguyn
tc c bn- TCVN 5568-1991 .
3.10. Chiu cao tng nh ca cng trnh cng cng tu thuc vo n quy
hoch c duyt, tnh cht cng trnh, yu cu k thut v iu kin kinh t
ca tng a phng la chn cho ph hp.
3.11. Phn nh din tch trong cng trnh cng cng c quy nh ph lc
B ca tiu chun ny bao gm din tch s dng, din tch lm vic, din tch
sn, din tch kt cu, din tch xy dng.
3.12. H s mt bng K1 : l h s th hin mc tin nghi s dng mt
bng cng trnh. H s K1 cng nh th mc tin nghi cng ln. H s mt
bng K1 c tnh theo cng thc sau:
K1 =

Din tch lm vic

Din tch s dng

Ch thch: H s mt bng K1 thng ly t 0,4 n 0,6.

3.13. H s khi tch K2: l h s th hin mc tin nghi s dng khi tch
cng trnh. H s mt bng K2 c tnh theo cng thc sau:
K2 =

Khi tch ngi nh

Din tch lm vic

3.14. Mt xy dng: l t s ca din tch xy dng cng trnh trn din

tch khu t (%):
Din tch xy dng cng trnh x 100%
Din tch khu t
Trong din tch xy dng cng trnh c tnh theo hnh chiu bng
ca mi cng trnh.
3.15. H s s dng t: l t s ca tng din tch sn ton cng trnh trn
din tch khu t:
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HSD =

Tng din tch sn ton cng trnh

Din tch khu t

Trong tng din tch sn ton cng trnh khng bao gm din
tchsn ca tng hm v mi.
4. Yu cu v khu t xy dng v t chc quy hoch tng mt bng
Yu

cu i vi khu t xy dng

4.1. Khi la chn khu t xy dng cng trnh cng cng cn tun theo cc
nguyn tc c bn di y:
a) Ph hp vi d n quy hoch c duyt;
b) t c hiu qu kinh t, x hi, mi trng trong thit k xy
dng;
c) S dng t ai v khng gian th hp l;
d) Ph hp trnh pht trin kinh t ca tng a phng, p ng
nhng nhu cu hin ti, xem xt kh nng nng cp v ci to trong tng lai;
e) Tit kim chi ph nng lng, m bo tnh nng kt cu;
g) Ph hp vi nhu cu ca tng cng trnh s xy dng;
h) An ton phng chy, chng ng t, phng v chng l;
i) Nu trn khu t xy dng c cc cng trnh vn ho ni ting, cc di
tch lch s c Nh nc v a phng cng nhn, phi thc hin theo cc
vn bn quy nh ca Nh nc hoc a phng.
Ch thch :
Trong trng hp cha c quy hoch, khi xy dng cng trnh cc
vng t trng, t mi, ci to hoc xy chen trong khu vc quc phng, khu
vc thng xuyn c l, lt... cn phi c cc cp c thm quyn ph duyt.
4.2. Mt bng cng trnh ch c xy dng st vi ch gii ng khi ch
gii xy dng trng vi ch gii ng v c c quan qun l quy hoch
xy dng cho php.
Ch thch:
1. Ch gii ng l ng ranh gii c xc nh trn bn
quy hoch v thc a phn nh ranh gii gia phn t xy dng cng
trnh v phn t c dnh cho ng giao thng hoc cc cng trnh k
thut h tng, khng gian cng cng khc.
2. Ch gii xy dng l ng gii hn cho php xy dng nh, cng
trnh trn khu t .
4.3. cao cng trnh phi thit k theo cao khng ch m quy hoch
th quy nh cho tng vng.
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4.4. Cao nn nh phi cao hn mt ng th, nu khng phi c bin

php thot nc b mt.
Nu cng trnh xy dng trongkhu vc c kh nng b trt l, ngp nc
hoc hi triu xm thc, phi c bin php bo v an ton.
Ch thch: Khi cn thit k s dng tng ngm hoc tng na
ngm phi c bin php thot nc v chng thm hu hiu.
4.5. Phi m bo khong cch an ton phng chng chy gia cc cng trnh
cng cng khng c nh hn 6m. ng dnh cho xe cha chy phi c
chiu rng thng thu khng nh hn 3,5m v chiu cao thng thu khng
nh hn 4,25m. Cui ng ct phi c khong trng quay xe. Kch thc
ch quay xe khng nh 15m x 15m.
4.6. Nu cc cng trnh cng cng t trn cc tuyn ng giao thng chnh
th v tr li vo cng trnh phi ph hp vi yu cu di y:
a) Cch ng t ng giao thng chnh, khng nh hn 70m;
b) Cch bn xe cng cng, khng nh hn 10m;
c) Cch li ra ca cng vin, trng hc, cc cng trnh kin trc cho
tr em v ngi tn tt khng c nh hn 20m;
4.7. i vi nhng khu vc tp trung nhiu ngi nh rp chiu bng, nh
ht, trung tm vn ho, hi trng, trin lm, hi ch, ngoi vic tun theo cc
tiu chun hin hnh cn phi tun theo cc nguyn tc di y:
a) Mt bng t nht phi c mt mt trc tip m ra ng ph;
b) Trnh m cng chnh trc tip ra trc ng giao thng;
c) Trc cng chnh ca cng trnh nn c khong t trng dnh cho
bi xe hoc l ni tp kt ngi. Din tch ny c xc nh theo yu cu
s dng v quy m cng trnh;
d) Cng v phn hng ro gip hai bn cng phi li su vo so vi ch
gii xy dng khng nh hn 4m.
4.8. i vi nhng cng trnh c xy mi hoc ci to, cn c vo quy m
v th loi cng trnh, s ngi s dng trong cng trnh m tnh ton din
tch bi xe cho ph hp. Bi xe c th t ngay trong cng trnh hoc
ngoi cng trnh. Din tch tnh ton ch xe c ly nh sau:
- Xe mt, xe my: t 2,35m2/xe n 3,0m2/xe;
- Xe p : 0,9m2/xe;
- Xe t: t 15m2//xe n 18m2/xe.

Yu cu v tng mt bng cng trnh

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4.9. Thit k tng mt bng cng trnh phi cn c vo cng nng s dng
ca tng th loi cng trnh, dy chuyn cng ngh c phn khu chc nng
r rng ng thi phi ph hp vi quy hoch th c duyt, m bo tnh
khoa hc v tnh thm m.
4.10. B cc v khong cch kin trc phi m bo cc yu cu v phng,
chng chy, chiu sng, thng gi, chng n, khong cch ly v sinh, ng
thi ph hp nhng yu cu di y:
a) Gii quyt tt mi quan h gia vic xy dng trc mt v d kin
pht trin tng lai, gia cng trnh xy dng kin c vi cng trnh xy dng
tm thi;
b) B tr kin trc phi c li cho thng gi t nhin mt ma h, hn
ch gi lnh v ma ng. i vi nh cao tng, nn trnh to thnh vng p
lc gi;
c) Thun tin cho vic thit k h thng k thut cng trnh bao gm :
cung cp in, nc, thot nc, trang thit b k thut, thng tin lin lc;
d) Khi thit k cng trnh cng cng nn thit k ng b trang tr ni,
ngoi tht , ng giao thng , sn vn , cng v tng ro.
4.11. Trn mt bng cng trnh phi b tr h thng thot nc mt v nc
ma. Gii php thit k thot nc phi xc nh da theo yu cu quy hoch
th ca a phng.
4.12. Cc cng trnh phi m bo mt cy xanh theo iu l qun l xy
dng a phng, c ly t 30% n 40% din tch khu t.
Loi cy v phng thc b tr cy xanh phi cn c vo iu kin kh
hu ca tng a phng, cht t v cng nng ca mi trng xc nh.
Khong cch cc di cy xanh vi cng trnh, ng x v ng ng
phi ph hp vi quy nh hin hnh c lin quan.
4.13. Vic lp t h thng k thut h tng nh ng ng cp thot nc,
thng tin lin lc, cp in... khng c nh hng n an ton ca cng
trnh, ng thi phi c bin php ngn nga nh hng ca n mn, ln,
chn ng, ti trng gy h hng.
Yu cu v cc b phn kin trc ca cng trnh
4.14. Khng cho php cc b phn kin trc sau y nh qu ch gii ng
:
a) Ban cng, vng ca s ca cng trnh;
b) Cng trnh ngm v mng cng trnh;
c) Tt c cc ng ng ngm di t, tr ng ng ngm thng vi
ng ng thnh ph;
4.15. Cc b phn kin trc ca cng trnh cng cng c php nh ra khi
ch gi ng trong trng hp ch gii xy dng trng vi ch gii ng
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v trng hp ch gii xy dng li vo sau ch gii ng , nh quy

nh trong iu 7.4 v 7.5 Tp I - Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam.
Ch thch:
1. Ngoi vic tun theo cc quy nh trong tiu chun ny cn cn
phi tun theo cc quy nh ca c quan qun l quy hoch th ca a
phng.
2. i vi cc cng trnh c yu cu v kin trc tm thi, c c
quan qun l quy hoch a phng cho php, c th nh ra qu ch gii
ng .
Yu cu v chiu cao kin trc cng trnh
4.16. Chiu cao kin trc ca cc cng trnh trong cc khu vc di y c
gii hn theo nhng quy nh trong iu l qun l xy dng th ca a
phng, tr cc cng trnh c chn lm im nhn cho khng gian kin trc
th v mt s ng ph c bit theo quy hoch.
a) i vi cc cng trnh xy dng trong khu vc th, phi ly theo
chiu cao khng ch nh quy nh trong mt bng quy hoch tng th th
c duyt ;
b) i vi cc cng trnh gn trung tm thnh ph, phi khng ch
cao nh bng ng ti hn. Gc ti hn khng c ln hn 600.
Ch thch :
1. Khng ch cao nh bng ng ti hn xem hnh 1.
2. Khng ch cao nh cn c th s dng gc ti hn c xc nh
t im gia trn mt ct ngang ng ph vi mi quan h gia loi ng
v cp th.
4.17. Trng hp cha c quy hoch, khi tnh ton cao thit k cng trnh
phi cn c vo cc yu t sau:
a) Chiu rng l gii;
b) Chiu cao ca nhng ngi nh xung quanh;
c) Chiu rng ca bn thn ngi nh ;
d) Chc nng s dng, quy m v t l hnh khi, bc chu la ca cng
trnh;
e) Chiu cao hot ng ca thit b cha chy ca lc lng phng chy
cha chy th.
Ch thch : Cc b phn khng tnh vo chiu cao gii hn ca cng
trnh l gian cu thang, bung thang my, b nc v ng khi cc b nh ra
ngoi mt nh, nhng t l gia phn nh ra v din tch cng trnh phi ph
hp vi quy nh ca iu l qun l xy dng th ca a phng;

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Hnh 1. minh ho gc ti hn v ng ti hn khi xc nh cao

cng trnh

5. Ni dung cng trnh v gii php thit k

Chiu cao thng thu trong phng
5.1. Chiu cao thng thu trong phng l chiu cao thng gc tnh t mt sn
n mt di ca trn treo hoc n mt di ca sn tng trn. Nu kt cu
chu lc di sn hoc mi nh hng ti khng gian s dng, phi tnh theo
chiu cao thng gc t mt sn n mp di ca kt cu chu lc.
5.2. Tu thuc vo chc nng s dng ca cng trnh m quy nh chiu cao
phng cho thch hp.

Ch thch
1. Thng thng chiu cao ca nhng tng trn mt t, tnh t mt
sn tng di n mt sn tng trn ly t 3m n 3,6m.
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2. i vi cc cng trnh cng cng c cc phng ln nh hi trng,

phng khn gi, nh th thao, ca hng c din tch trn 300m2, ging ng,
phng trin lm, bo tng, phng th nghim ... tu theo yu cu s dng v
kch thc trang thit b, chiu cao c ly t 3,6m tr ln.
3. Chiu cao thng thu ca cc phng ph nh tng hm, nh kho,
tng xp cc b, hnh lang v phng v sinh ... cho php c gim xung
nhng khng thp hn 2,2m.
5.3. Chiu cao cc phng ng trong cc cng trnh cng cng ly theo quy
nh trong tiu chun TCVN 4451-1987 Nh -Nguyn tc c bn thit
k.
5.4. i vi nh v cng trnh cng cng c tng k thut th chiu cao ca
tng k thut xc nh theo thit k, khng k vo chiu cao ca tng nh,
nhng phi tnh vo chiu cao cng trnh tnh khi tch ca ngi nh.
Cu thang, bc thm, ng dc, lan can, thang my
5.5. Cu thang

5.5.1. S lng, v tr cu thang v hnh thc gian cu thang phi p ng yu

cu s dng thun tin v thot ngi an ton.
5.5.2. Chiu rng thng thu ca cu thang ngoi vic p ng quy nh ca
quy phm phng chy, cn phi da vo c trng s dng ca cng trnh.
Chiu rng ca cu thang dng thot ngi khi c s c c thit k
khng nh hn 0,9m.
5.5.3. Khi on cu thang i hng, chiu rng nh nht ni c tay vn chiu
ngh khng c nh hn v thang. Nu c yu cu vn chuyn nhng hng
ho ln, c th m rng cho ph hp vi yu cu s dng.
5.5.4. Chiu cao ca mt t thang khng c ln hn 1,8m v phi b tr
chiu ngh. Chiu rng chiu ngh khng nh hn 1,2m (xem hnh 2).
5.5.5. Chiu cao thng thu (khng k v thang u tin ti tng trt) ca pha
trn v pha di chiu ngh cu thang khng c nh hn 2m. Chiu cao
thng thu ca v thang khng c nh hn 2,2m.
Ch thch: Chiu cao thng thu ca v thang l chiu cao thng ng tnh
t mt bc ca v thang di n mt trn nghing ca v thang trn.
5.5.6. Cu thang t nht phi c mt pha c tay vn. V thang c chiu rng
cho ba dng ngi th phi b tr tay vn hai pha, nu c chiu rng cho bn
dng ngi th nn b tr tay vn gia.

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5.5.7. Chiu cao tay vn ca cu thang trong phng tnh t mp trc ca bc

khng c nh hn 0,9m. i vi cc cng trnh dnh cho thiu nhi, ngi
tn tt phi ly theo cc tiu chun thit k hin hnh c lin quan.

Hnh 2. Kch thc cu thang v bc thang

5.5.8. Mt bc nn c bin php x l chng trn, trt.

5.5.9. T l gia chiu cao vi chiu rng ca bc thang phi ph hp vi quy
nh trong bng 1.
Bng 1. Chiu rng nh nht v chiu cao ln nht
ca bc thang

Loi cng trnh

- Trng hc, trng mm non
- Rp chiu bng, nh ht, nh thi u, ca hng,
bnh vin
- Cc cng trnh kin trc khc
Cu thang phc v chuyn dng

Chiu rng Chiu

cao
nh nht (m) ln nht (m)
0,26
0,15
0,28
0,30

0,16
0,15-0,17

0,22

0,20

Ch thch:
1. Chiu rng mt bc ca cu thang xon c khng c ct gia v cu
thang hnh cung ti im cch tay vn 0,25m, khng c nh hn 0,22m.
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2. Trong cc cng trnh cng cng cn ch n i tng s dng l

ngi tn tt. Yu cu thit k cn tun theo cc quy nh trong tiu chun
TCXDVN 264:2002 Nh v cng trnh- Nguyn tc c bn xy dng cng
trnh m bo ngi tn tt tip cn s dng
5.6. Bc thm

5.6.1. Chiu rng mt bc ca bc thm trong v ngoi nh khng c nh

hn 0,3m. Chiu cao bc khng c ln hn 0,15m. Khi s bc li vo
cng trnh ln hn 3 cn b tr tay vn.hai bn.
5.6.2. Chiu cao bc thm ca ni tp trung nhiu ngi khng c cao qu
1m v phi c lan can bo v.
5.7. ng dc

5.7.1. i vi nhng cng trnh nh cc tr s c quan hnh chnh quan trng,

th vin, bo tng, cung vn ho, nh ht, cng vin, trng hc, bnh vin,
khch sn phi thit k ng dc cho ngi i xe ln. Tiu chun thit k
ng dc ly theo cc quy nh trong tiu chun TCXDVN 264:2002 Nh
v cng trnh- Nguyn tc c bn xy dng cng trnh m bo ngi tn
tt tip cn s dng nhng khng c ln hn 1:12.
5.7.2. ng dc phi phng, khng g gh, khng trn, trt v phi b tr
tay vn c hai pha ng dc .
5.8. Lan can

5.8.1. tt c ni c tip gip vi bn ngoi nh ban cng, hnh lang ngoi,

hnh lang bn trong, ging tri bn trong, mi c ngi ln, cu thang ngoi
nh u phi b tr lan can bo v, ng thi phi ph hp nhng yu cu di
y:
a) Lan can phi lm bng vt liu kin c, vng chc, c th chu c ti
trng ngang, c tnh ton theo cng v n nh di tc ng ca
ti trng theo tiu chun TCVN 2737-1995 Ti trng v tc ng. Tiu
chun thit k;
b) Chiu cao lan can ph thuc vo cao ca mt sn nh nhng khng
c nh hn 0,9m tnh t cao mt sn n pha trn tay vn. Chiu cao lan
can ca nh cao tng c nng ln cao hn nhng khng c vt qu
1,2m.
c) Trong khong cch 0,1m tnh t mt nh hoc mt sn ca lan can
khng c h.
d) Ni c nhiu tr em hot ng, lan can phi c cu to kh tro.
Khong cch thng thu gia cc thanh ng khng c ln hn 0,1m.
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5.9. Thang my

5.9.1. i vi cng trnh cao trn 5 tng cn thit k thang my. S lng
thang ph thuc vo loi thang v lng ngi phc v . Trng hp c yu
cu c bit phi c cp c thm quyn ph duyt.
5.9.2. Khng s dng thang my lm li thot ngi khi c s c. Trong cng
trnh c thang my vn phi b tr cu thang b, nh quy nh trong tiu
chun TCVN 2622-1995 Phng chy cha chy cho nh v cng trnh. Yu
cu thit k.
5.9.3. Mi mt n nguyn cng trnh hay mt khu phc v trong cng trnh
nu dng thang my lm phng tin giao thng ng ch yu th s thang
my ch ngi khng c t hn 2.
5.9.4. Thang my phi c b tr gn li vo chnh. Bung thang my phi
rng, c b tr tay vn v bng iu khin cho ngi tn tt i xe ln v
ngi khim th s dng.
5.9.5. Ging thang my khng nn b tr st bn cnh cc phng chnh ca
cng trnh, nu khng phi c bin php cch m, cch chn ng.
5.9.6. Kt cu bao che ca bung thang my phi c cch nhit. Trong
phng phi c thng gi, chng m v chng bi. Khng c b tr trc tip
b nc trn bung thang my v khng cho cc ng ng cp nc, cp
nhit i qua bung thang my.
5. 9.7. Vic lp t thang my v yu cu an ton khi s dng cn tun theo
cc quy nh trong tiu chun TCVN 5744-1993 Thang my. Yu cu an
ton trong lp t v s dng.
Mi
5.10. dc ca mi phi xc nh trn c s iu kin ca vt liu chng
thm, cu to v thi tit a phng. dc nh nht ca mi c quy nh
ca bng 2.

Bng 2.

dc nh nht ca mi

Cu to mi
- Ngi xi mng, ngi t st khng c lp lt
14

dc nh nht
1: 2

TCXDVN 276:2002

- Ngi xi mng, ngi t st c lp lt

- Tm lp xi mng aming
- Tm lp kim loi
- Mi b tng ct thp (c lp cch nhit v
chng xm thc
- Tm thp hnh

1: 2,5
1: 3
1: 4
1: 50
1: 7

5.11. Cc lp ca mi (bao gm phn nh ra ca mi v tng gip mi) u

phi dng vt liu khng chy.
5.12. Thot nc mi phi u tin dng thot nc bn ngoi nh. Mi ca
nh cao tng, c khu ln v din tch tp trung nc tng i ln phi
dng thot nc bn trong nh.
5.13. Mi c b tr lp cch nhit phi tnh ton nhit, ng thi phi c bin
php chng ng sng, chng thm nc bc hi v chng m cho lp cch
nhit trong khi thi cng.
5.14. Dng mi c tng khung cch nhit th lp khng kh ny phi c
cao v khng lm cn tr ng thng gi.
5.15. Dng mi tm xi mng li thp hoc kt cu b tng ct thp v mng,
phi c bin php bo v chng phong ho, chng xm thc; Mi chng thm
cng phi c bin php chng nt.
5.16. Phi c bin php gia c cho mi ngi v mi dng vt liu cun
nhng ni c gi mnh.
5.17. Cc cng trnh c chiu cao trn 10m nu khng c cu thang i ln
mi, phi b tr l ngi i ln mi hoc cu thang leo bn ngoi.
Trn
5.18. C rt nhiu loi trn c s dng trong cc cng trnh cng cng. Tu
thuc vo yu cu ca tng cng trnh m la chn cho ph hp. i vi trn
treo trt vi phi b tr l thng gi v l cho ngi ln kim tra sa cha .
5.19. i vi trn ca hi trng ln v trn treo c h thng ng ng
tng i nhiu, phi b tr tng gip mi kim tra sa cha, ng thi b
tr sn i li nu c yu cu.
Nn v sn nh
5.20. Mt sn v nn nh ca cc gian phng phi bo m khng trn trt,
khng c k h, khng b mi mn, d lau chi v chng c nm, m. i
vi cc cng trnh th thao cn phi c tnh nng n hi v cch m tt. i
15

TCXDVN. 276: 2002

vi cc bnh vin, phng th nghim phi khng b bin dng do thuc st

trng hoc ty u, chng c tc dng ca cc cht ho hc...
5.21. Nn nh xy dng trn lp t nn phi c cc bin php chng m v
ngn nga kh nng ln khng u.
5.22. Khng c dng vt liu hoc cc cht ph gia c tnh c hi lm
vt liu lt nn.
Ca i v ca s
5.23. Cc yu cu k thut ca ca i v ca s phi ph hp cc quy nh
trong tiu chun TCXD 192-1996 Ca g- Ca i, ca s. Yu cu k thut
v TCXD 237-1999 Ca kim loi- Ca i, ca s. Yu cu k thut .
5.24. Ca s phi s dng thun li, an ton v d lm sch.
i vi nh cao tng nn dng ca s ko y; nu dng ca s m ra
ngoi, phi c bin php gia c chc chn cnh ca s.
Nu ca s m ra hnh lang chung, cao t mt sn n mp di ca
ca khng c nh hn 2m.
5.25. Cu to ca ca i phi ng m thun li, bn v chc chn.
Cc ca ln ng m bng tay, phi c b phn hm. Ca ko, y phi
c bin php chng trt khi ng ray.
Ca l xo hai mt, phi b tr tm knh trng phn trn cao c th
nhn thy c .
Cnh khu vc ca quay, ca t ng v ca loi ln phi b tr ca ra
vo thng thng.
Ca m ra hnh lang thot ngi v gian cu thang khng c nh
hng n chiu rng thot ngi ca hnh lang v mt bng cu thang.
Khe ln
5.26. Khe ln phi thit k khi c chuyn dch v bin dng khng lm
hng cng trnh v sn ca tng. Khong cch gia cc khe ln ca cng trnh
khng nn ln hn 60m, khong cch khe co gin trn mi khng nn ln hn
15m.
5.27. Cu to v vt liu ca khe ln phi da vo v tr v yu cu dng
cc bin php chng thm, chng chy, gi nhit, chng mi mt.
ng khi, ng thng gi, ng ng rc

16

TCXDVN 276:2002

5.28. Cu to ng khi v ng ng thng gi t nhin trong cc cng trnh

cng cng phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh di y:
a) ng khi v ng ng thng gi phi lm bng vt liu khng
chy;
b) Mt ct, hnh dng, kch thc v mt trong ca ng khi v ng
ng thng gi phi thun tin cho vic thot khi (kh) d dng, trnh sinh ra
hin tng cn tr, tc, r r khi v thot ngc;
c) Nu ng ng nhnh ni vi ng ng chnh, th mt ct thng
thu ca ng ng nhnh khng c nh hn 0,015m2. Tng din tch mt
ct ng ng phi c xc nh thng qua tnh ton.
d) ng thot khi v thng gi khng c s dng cng mt h thng
ng ng;
e) ng khi v ng ng thng gi phi vt ln trn mi. Chiu cao
nh ln phi xc nh trn c s: loi mi, chiu cao v khong cch vt chn
xung quanh ca l thot ra, nhng khng c nh hn 0,7m. Trn nh phi
c bin php trnh thot ngc;
g) L vo khi ca ng ng khi mi tng phi c np, l gi vo
ca ng thng gi phi c li chn.
5.29. ng ng rc phi b tr da vo tng ngoi nh, thng ng,
ng thi lm bng vt liu khng chy, mt trong nn nhn, khng r r,
khng c vt nh ra. Din tch mt ct thng thu khng c nh hn 0,5m
0,5m.
5.30. Ca ly rc phi m bo khong cch li v sinh. Phng thc thu gom
v vn chuyn rc phi ph hp vi phng thc qun l rc ca thnh ph.
i vi nh cao tng phi phi hp xe vn chuyn rc bung rc,
ng thi nn c thit b ra, chng bn.
5.31. u ng ng rc phi c ng ng thot hi nh ln pha trn mi
khng nh hn 0,7m. Din tch mt ct khng c nh hn 0,05m2, ng
thi phi c np v c li.
6. Yu cu chung v v sinh
6.1. Cc cng trnh cng cng phi c xy dng nhng ni m bo yu
cu v sinh, mi trng xung quanh khng b nhim, khng gy c hi,
khng gy n qu mc cho php .
6.2. Cc phng lm vic, phng phc v cng cng v phng sinh hot chung
phi c thng gi t nhin. Tu theo yu cu c th ca tng trng hp c
th thng gi bng phng php c gii v thit b iu ho nhit . Khi tnh
ton thit k phi tun theo tiu chun TCVN 5682-1992 Thng gi iu tit
khng kh, si m. Tiu chun thit k
17

TCXDVN. 276: 2002

6.3. Khi thit k h thng cp thot nc bn ngoi v bn trong nh v cng

trnh cng cng phi tun theo cc quy nh trong tiu chun cp thot nc
hin hnh .
6.4. Nhng cng trnh cng cng c yu cu thit k h thng cp nc nng,
phi p dng cc quy nh c th trong tiu chun thit k ca tng loi cng
trnh cng cng c th.
6.5. S lng thit b trong khu v sinh c ly theo quy nh trong cc tiu
chun thit k ca tng loi cng trnh.
6.6. Phi gii quyt chng thm, chng m t, thot mi hi thi v thng
thong cc khu v sinh trong cng trnh cng cng. dc rnh v dc
nn trong cc phng tm, khu v sinh ly t 1% n 2%.
6.7. Khu v sinh trong cc cng trnh cng cng phi tun theo nhng quy
nh di y:
a) Khng c b tr cc phng c yu cu v sinh v yu cu chng
m cao t trc tip trn cc phng nh nh n, khu vc ch bin thc phm,
kho cha thc phm, phng phn phi in v bin p;
b) S lng cc loi thit b v sinh phi ph hp vi quy nh ca tng
loi cng trnh theo cc tiu chun hin hnh.
c) Khu v sinh phi c u tin chiu sng t nhin v thng gi t
nhin trc tip; nu thng gi t nhin khng p ng yu cu th phi dng
thng gi c kh;
d) B mt sn, rnh trn mt sn v b mt tip xc ca ng ng
xuyn qua sn v sn vi mt tng phi thit k chng thm, ngn nc;
e) Nn, mt tng khu v sinh phi dng loi vt liu khng ht nc,
khng ht bn, chu xm thc, d lm v sinh;
f) Cao mt nn phi thp hn cao ca ng i, ng thi c
dc khng nh hn 2%0 hng v rnh thot nc hay phu thu.
g) Trong phng ra tay nn b tr bn, gng, mc treo;
h) Trong bung tm phi b tr chu ra mt v mc treo qun o. Khi
s lng phng tm tng i nhiu, nn b tr phng thay qun o v ngn
qun o chung.
6.8. Khong cch b tr thit b v sinh phi ph hp nhng quy nh di
y:
a) Khong cch thng thu gia tm vi nc ca bn ra mt hoc
mng ra tay n mt tng bn khng c nh hn 0,55m;
b) Khong cch gia cc vi nc ca dy bn ra mt hoc mng ra
tay khng c nh hn 0,7m;
c) Khong cch thng thu t mp ngoi ca dy bn ra mt hoc
mng ra tay n mt tng i din khng c nh hn 0,8m;
d) Khong cch thng thu ca mp ngoi hai dy bn ra mt hoc
mng ra tay i din khng c nh hn 1,8m.
18

TCXDVN 276:2002

7. Yu cu v chiu sng
7.1. Thit k chiu sng t nhin cho nh v cng trnh cng cng c ly
theo tiu chun TCXD 29-1991 Chiu sng t nhin trong cng trnh dn
dng. Tiu chun thit k. Chiu sng t nhin c th l chiu sng bn,
chiu sng trn hoc chiu sng hn hp;
7.2. ch lm vic khng b chi la do nh sng trc tip hay phn chiu
khi c mt tri chiu sng, c th hn ch chi lo bng cch t hng nh
hp l hoc x l bng cc gii php kin trc hay thit b chng chi lo.
7.3. Khi khng c hoc thiu nh sng t nhin trong cng trnh cng cng
phi b tr chiu sng nhn to m bo s lm vic v hot ng bnh
thng ca ngi v cc phng tin vn chuyn. Tnh ton thit k c p
dng theo tiu chun TCXD 16-1986 Chiu sng nhn to trong cng trnh
dn dng.
Ch thch : Chiu sng nhn to bao gm chiu sng lm vic, chiu
sng s c, chiu sng phn tn ngi, chiu sng bo v v chiu sng
trang tr, qung co trong v ngoi nh.
7.4. c php s dng n hunh quang v n nung sng (k c n
halgen nung sng) trong cc cng trnh cng cng.
7.5. Khi chiu sng nhn to c php s dng 2 h thng chiu sng: chiu
sng chung v chiu sng hn hp.
H thng chiu sng chung c chia ra nh sau:
- Chiu sng chung u
- Chiu sng chung khu vc
H thng chiu sng hn hp bao gm chiu sng chung v chiu sng
ti ch. Khng nn s dng ch c chiu sng ti ch chiu sng lm vic.
7.7. Thit k chng st cho nh v cng trnh cng cng phi tun theocc quy
nh trong tiu chun TCXD 46-1986 Chng st cho nh v cng trnh xy
dng

8. Yu cu v phng chy cha chy

8.1. Khi thit k phng chng chy cho cc cng trnh cng cng phi tun
theo nhng quy nh trong tiu chun TCVN 2622 - 1995 Phng chy,
chng chy cho nh v cng trnh . Yu cu thit k .
19

TCXDVN. 276: 2002

8.2. Trong cc cng trnh cng cng phi m bo yu cu thot nn an ton

khi c chy.
Cc li thot c coi l an ton khi m bo nhng yu cu sau y :
a) i t cc phng tng mt trc tip ra ngoi hay qua tin snh ra
ngoi;
b) i t cc phng bt k tng no (khng k tng mt ) ra hnh lang
c li thot ra ngoi;
c) i t cc phng vo bung thang c li ra trc tip bn ngoi hay qua
tin snh ra ngoi .
Ch thch: Cc phng tin c gii di chuyn ngi (thang my nng,
thang my dc) khng c coi l li thot nn an ton.
8.3. Trong cng trnh cng cng, chiu rng tng cng ca ca thot ra ngoi
hay ca v thang hoc ca li i trn ng thot nn phi tnh theo s ngi
ca tng ng nht (khng k tng mt) v c quy nh nh sau:
a) i vi nh 1 n 2 tng tnh 1m cho 125 ngi;
b) i vi nh t 3 tng tr ln tnh 1m cho 100 ngi;
c) i vi cc phng khn gi (nh ht, rp chiu bng, rp xic, hi
trng...) tnh 0,55m cho 100 ngi.
Ch thch:
1. Chiu rng nh nht ca ca i thot nn l 0,8m. Chiu cao ca
ca i, li i trn ng thot nn khng di 2m. Chiu cao li thot nn ra
khi tng hm hay tng chn tng c th h thp 1,9m. Chiu cao li vo
tng gip mi (khng s dng thng xuyn) c th h thp n 1,5m.
2. Trong phng khn gi c bc chu la III, IV v V, chiu rng tng
cng ca ca i, v thang hay li i trn ng thot nn phi tnh 0,8m cho
100 ngi.
8.4. Chiu rng ca li i, hnh lang, ca i, cu thang trn ng thot nn
c quy nh trong bng 3.

bng 3. Chiu rng li i, hnh lang, ca i, cu thang

Loi li i
Li i
20

Chiu rng (m)

Nh nht
1

Ln nht
Theo tnh ton

TCXDVN 276:2002

Hnh lang
Ca i
Cu thang

1,4
0,8
0,9

Theo tnh ton

2,4
2,4

Ch thch:
1. Chiu rng chiu ngh cu thang khng c nh hn chiu rng cu
thang. Chiu rng chiu ngh trc khi vo thang my c ca m y ngang
khng c nh hn 1,6m, Chiu rng chiu ngh cu thang trong cc cng
trnh y t, nh h sinh khng c nh hn 1,8m.
2. Trong khch sn, bnh vin, trng hc, chiu rng hnh lang gia
khng c nh hn 1,6m.
8.5. Khi thit k cu thang xon c v bc thang hnh r qut phi tnh n
yu cu an ton thot ngi khi c s c. Trng hp c bit phi c s tho
thun ca c quan phng chy cha chy.
8.6. Trong mi ngi nh , t nht phi c hai li thot nn. Cc li thot nn
phi b tr phn tn trong ton cng trnh .
Ch thch: i vi cng trnh c nhiu n nguyn cho php thit k
mi n nguyn c mt li thot nn
8.7. Ca i trn ng thot nn phi m ra pha ngoi nh. Khng cho php
lm ca y trn ng thot nn.
Ch thch : Ca i ra ban cng, ra sn, ca i ca cc phng thng
xuyn khng qu 15 ngi, ca kho c din tch nh hn 200m2 v ca phng
v sinh cho php thit k m vo trong .
8.8. Trong cc cng trnh cng cng, khong cch t ca i xa nht ca bt k
gian phng no (tr phng v sinh, phng tm, kho) n li thot nn gn
nht, phi p dng theo quy nh trong bng 4.

Bng 4. Khong cch xa nht n li thot nn

gn nht

Khong cch xa nht cho php (m)

Bc
chu la
21

TCXDVN. 276: 2002

I,II
III
IV
V

T nhng gian phng b tr gia hai T nhng gian phng c li

li thot
vo hnh lang gia hay
hnh lang bn ct
Trng mm Bnh
Cc cng
non, nh h vin
trnh
sinh
cng cng
khc
20
30
40
25
15
25
30
15
12
20
25
12
10
15
20
10

Ch thch : Trong cc cng trnh c khn gi, khong cch quy nh

trong bng 4 phi tnh t ch ngi xa nht n li thot gn nht .

---------------------------------

Ph lc A

Phn loi cng trnh cng cng

1. Cng trnh y t
22

TCXDVN 276:2002

1.1. Bnh vin a khoa, bnh vin chuyn khoa t Trung ng n a phng
1.2. Phng khm a khoa, phng khm chuyn khoa khu vc
1.3. Nh h sinh.
1.4. Nh iu dng, nh ngh, nh dng lo
1.5. C quan phng chng dch bnh
1.6. Trm y t
1.7. Trung tm phc hi chc nng
...
2. Cng trnh th thao
2.1. Sn vn ng, sn th thao c mi che v khng c mi che.
2.2. Nh luyn tp v thi u th thao
2.3. B bi c mi v khng c mi che
....
3. Cng trnh gio dc
3.1. Trng mm non
3.2. Trng tiu hc, trng ph thng c s, ph thng trung hc
3.3. Trng i hc v cao ng
3.4. Trng trung hc chuyn nghip
3.5 Trng dy ngh
3.6. Trng nghip v
...
4. Cng trnh vn ho
4.1. Th vin
4.2. Bo tng
4.3. Trin lm
4.4. Nh ht, rp chiu phim
4.5. Nh vn ho, cu lc b
4.6. Trung tm bin tp pht thanh, v tuyn truyn hnh
4.7. Trung tm biu din ngh thut
.....
5. C quan hnh chnh cc cp
5.1. Tr s U ban hnh chnh cc cp
5.2. Tr s ca cc c quan v t chc qun l Nh nc
5.3. Nh lm vic, vn phng
5.4. To n, Vin Kim sot
...

6. Cng trnh dch v cng cng

6.1. Khch sn, nh khch
6.2. Ngn hng
6.3. Trm cha chy
6.4. Trung tm dch v cng cng ( Git l, tm, cc trm sa cha, may v,
ct tc....)
23

TCXDVN. 276: 2002

...
7. Cng trnh thng mi
7.1. Ch
7.2. Ca hng, trung tm thng mi, siu th
7.3. Ca hng n ung, gii kht
......
8. Cng trnh thng tin lin lc
8.1. Trung tm bu in, in thoi, in tn, tng i
8.2. Trung tm pht thanh v v tuyn truyn hnh.
......
9. Cng trnh giao thng
9.1. Cc ga xe la, cc trm kim tra ng giao thng
9.2 Bn xe t
9.3. Ga hng khng dn dng
9.4. Bn cng vn chuyn hnh khch
...

Ph lc B

Phn nh din tch trong cng trnh cng cng

24

TCXDVN 276:2002

B.1. Din tch s dng

Din tch s dng l tng din tch lm vic v din tch phc v.
Din tch cc gian phng, cc b phn c tnh theo kch thc thng
thu tnh t b ngoi lp trt nhng khng tr b dy cu lp vt liu p chn
tng v khng tnh din tch cc ng rc, ng khi, ng thng hi, in,
nc... t trong phng hay b phn .
B.2. Din tch lm vic
Din tch lm vic l tng din tch cc phng lm vic chnh v cc phng
lm vic ph tr.
Ch thch : Nhng din tch di y c tnh vo din tch lm vic:
- Din tch hnh lang kt hp phng hc trong trng hc, phng i,
ch ngi chi trong bnh vin , nh an dng, nh ht, rp chiu bng, cu
lc b v.v. . .
- Din tch cc phng pht thanh, khi qun l, phng bng in ,tng
i, phng ph ca sn khu, ch tch on, phng k thut my chiu phim...
B.3. Din tch phc v
Din tch phc v bao gm cc din tch snh, hnh lang, bung thang, khu
v sinh, bung m v cc phng k thut.
Cc phng k thut l cc phng t ni hi, phng t my bm, my
bin th, thit b thng gi c kh, my iu ho khng kh, phng thit b
my thang my ch ngi, ch hng ho.
B.4. Din tch kt cu
Din tch kt cu l tng din tch ca tng, vch, ct tnh trn mt bng.
Nhng din tch sau y u tnh vo din tch kt cu:
a) Tng chu lc v khng chu lc;
b) Tng v vch ngn;
c) Ct;
d) Ngng ca i, bu ca s cc loi;
e) Cc ng khi, ng rc, ng thng hi, ng cp in, ng nc t
ngm (k c phn lng ng v b dy ca tng ng )
g) Cc hc tng, cc khong tng trng gia hai phng khng lp
ca i, c chiu rng nh hn 1m v chiu cao nh hn 1,9m .
Ch thch :
25

TCXDVN. 276: 2002

1. Din tch kt cu ca tng, vch, ct u tnh c lp trt hoc p

tng .
2. Cc hc tng, cc khong tng trng gia hai phng khng lp ca
i, rng t 1m tr ln v cao trn 1,9 m (k t mt sn ) th tnh vo din tch
phng .
B.5. Din tch sn
Din tch sn l din tch tnh theo kch thc ph b ca tng ngoi, dy ct
c mi che, cu thang ngoi nh ca tng mt k c bc thm, ca i, l gia,
sn tri v. v
Khi thit k cng trnh cng cng, tiu chun din tch c php tng,
gim nh sau :
a) Theo hng gim: khng qu 5%
b) Theo hng tng : khng qu 10%.
B.6 Khi tch xy dng (ca mt ngi nh, mt tng nh, mt phng):
Khi tch xy dng l tch s ca din tch xy dng ngi nh, din tch sn
ca tng hoc phng vi chiu cao ca ngi nh, tng nh v phng, k c
tng k thut.
----------------------------------------

TCXDVN

26

Tiu chun xy dng vit nam

TCXDVN 276:2002

TCXDVN 276: 2002

Cng trnh cng cng Nguyn tc c bn thit k

Public Building. Basic rules for design

H Ni-2002

27

TCXDVN. 276: 2002

Li ni u

TCXDVN 276: 2002- Cng trnh cng cng- Nguyn tc c bn thit k

do Vin nghin cu Kin trc bin son, V Khoa hc cng ngh- B Xy
dng ngh v c B Xy dng ban hnh.

B Xy dng
Vin nghin cu kin trc

S :

--------/NCKT-TC

Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
---------------------------H Ni, ngy
thng
nm 2002

Knh gi : V Khoa hc Cng ngh- B Xy dng

28

TCXDVN 276:2002

Thc hin k hoch sot xt tiu chun Nh v cng trnh cng cngNguyn tc c bn thit k- TCVN 4319-1986, n nay Vin Nghin cu
Kin trc hon chnh ni dung d tho tiu chun trnh duyt ni trn
D tho trnh duyt k ban hnh c sa i v hon chnh da
trn cc kin gp ca cc chuyn gia v kt lun ti Bin bn Hi ng
Khoa hc k thut chuyn ngnh B Xy dng ngy 25 thng 7 nm 2001.
D tho tiu chun c trnh by theo ng tiu chun TCVN 11995. Mu trnh by tiu chun Vit Nam.
Vin Nghin cu Kin trc xin np V Khoa hc Cng ngh bn d
tho tiu chun trnh duyt V trnh k ban hnh.

Vin nghin cu Kin trc

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