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Basic elements for interest and charges calculation required are (1) when
capitalisation is done and (2) at what frequency it is done. This is required
separately for Debit interest and Credit interest as they can differ.
Interest type that is used in the calculation i.e. fixed or floating are set up currency
wise. Interest rates may be set up as level or banded interest rates with the
effective dates . T24 provides the flexibility to calculate interest based on daily,
average or minimum balance available for credit interest calculation in the account.
Similarly it is possible to set debit interest based on daily, average or maximum
balance .
It is possible to set up different type of interest related and ledger fees related
charges. Interest should be defined with effective dates and for each currency.
Interest rates can be set up as fixed or floating. Rate with level and banded structure.
Balance on which interest is calculated can be specified as daily or average or
minimum for credit interest & maximum for debit interest.
The set up of interest and charges grouping for Accounts structure starts with
CONDITION.PRIORITY table. T24 permits us to decide the order of priority to
apply criteria for creating groups for differential treatment.
Based on the priority and criteria chosen in CONDITION.PRIORITY, the actual
fields are created in ACCT.GEN.CONDITION. Rules and values to criteria, when
specified in this table, will group account records when opened into appropriate
groups. It is mandatory that a default group with no conditions should be setup
before we go on to create conditions attached groups.
Based on these groupings, Capitalisation rules, debit interest conditions and credit
interest conditions for each group need to be setup in GROUP.CAPITALISATION,
GROUP.DEBIT.INT and GROUP.CREDIT.INT. If needed, account specific rules
for all or some of the above 3 can be defined in ACCT.CAPITALISATION,
ACCOUNT.DEBIT.INT and ACCOUNT.CREDIT.INT files.
Charges related setup is done in related files and linked to GENERAL.CHARGES
which is then attached to GROUP.DEBIT.INT or ACCOUNT.DEBIT.INT. At least
one record for default charges is mandatory in GENERAL.CHARGE.
The selection criteria for preference groups can be amended along with or without
change in the ranking conditions. Dated CONDITION.PRIORITY records are
required to be created to achieve this. The effective date could be either processing
date or future date.
Id will be of the format ACCOUNT--<DATE>. The value in the middle field of Id
can be used for company specific definition. Based on the previous selection
criteria, general and group specific conditions would have been built. As a result of
the new selection criteria there would be a need to re-define rules for some or all of
the groups.
While defining CONDITION.PRIORITY records applicable in future , it is
possible to specify which ACCT.GEN.CONDITION and
ACCT.GROUP.CONDITION records need to be retained by specifying their Ids in
GEN.COND.KEEP and GROUP.COND.KEEP Fields.
During COB processing on the specified date, these ACCT.GEN.CONDITION
records would be automatically modified with priority data items applicable for the
new structure, existing priority data items and their values will be retained...New
priority items will be updated with null values.
Advised to leave GEN.COND.KEEP as null so that old records are removed and
new ones redefined. GROUP.COND.KEEP can also be set as ALL to retain all
existing records.
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Rules have to be set up group wise and currency wise to take effect from the
indicated dates for each of the groups created in ACCT.GEN.CONDITION. Then Id
can be 1USD25JAN2008, where 1 is the group Id set up for USD with the effective
date.
General charges and applicable taxes for the group are indicated in CHARGE.KEY
and TAX.KEY Fields. CHARGE.KEY Field is mandatory. Even if there are no
charges to be recovered a null charge key is to be indicated.
TAX.KEY Field hold ids of Tax records (defined in TAX table) or
TAX.TYPE.CONDITION records with a "*" symbol prefixed, which specifies the
calculation and processing of taxes say one or more, applicable to debit interest. If
linked to tax record , then tax rate is applicable on all accounts in the associated
group of accounts. In the latter case, Tax can be collected based on customer related
conditions. CONDITION.PRIORITY needs to be defined for TAX and grouping
rules defined in TAX.GEN.CONDITION. For each grouping condition, the actual
tax rates available in TAX table will be linked to a TAX.TYPE.CONDITION by
defining it in TAX.CODE Field. Hence, when TAX.KEY in GROUP.DEBIT.INT is
defined with an identifier of TAX.TYPE.CONDITION, then the system will derive
the applicable tax rates based on the customer grouping. No tax is applied if interest
is not calculated. The tax record, if attached must be in existence with an effective
date not later than effective date of GROUP.DEBIT.INT.
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When more than one rate of interest is mentioned namely for a level/band
calculation type, then it is possible to define amount up to which the first rate is
applied using DR.LIMIT.AMT. If no limit is specified for the first level and if
second level rates are input , the first rate is applicable up to the overdraft limit
specified for each Account in ACCOUNT.DEBIT.LIMIT table. When more than 2
levels of rates are defined, then it is a mandatory input.
It is possible to apply fixed or floating rates and different choices are possible for
different balances. It could be fixed for the first slab and floating for the second
slab or floating for the first slab and fixed for the second slab.
Fixed interest rate can be input through DR.INT.RATE Field.
To indicate floating rate, it is linked to BASIC.INTEREST, through
DR.BASIC.RATE Field. Over the floating rate it is possible to apply margin by
adding or subtracting or multiplying using DR.MARGIN.OPER and indicating the
margin in DR.MARGIN.RATE Field.
For example: Current rate 6.75%. If margin rate of 10 is to be multiplied to this
rate, effective rate is 7.425%, being 110% of 6.75
If floating rate is opted, it is possible to indicate a floor rate of interest in
DR.MIN.RATE Field. If this is indicated as 4, then the final rate to be applied on
the account after taking into account the floating rate and its spread, will be at least
4%.
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Annual Payment Rate (APR) is the equivalent interest rate considering all the
added costs. This is known as TEG in France. It is arrived at based on interest
rate, total added cost, and terms. For an advance, the APR is the interest rate plus
charges plus any other incidentals payable to the Bank. APR would be equal to
interest rate if there is no additional cost s. If this is required to be indicated in the
underlying accounts, APR.REQUIRED Field should be set to yes. If APR is not
required, this field is set as NO.
MAX.LEGAL.RATE Field is used to indicate the maximum legal rate applicable to
the group. It acts like a cap.
MAX.DEBIT.CHG.RATE Field identifies the maximum allowed charge as a
percentage of the first debit interest amount. For example, if it is set as 40%., then
the total charges should not exceed 40% of the interest to be collected.
The values that need to be defaulted into these three fields can be stored in
GROUP.CONDITION table. GROUP.CONDITION is used to define Group Level
conditions for calculation and application of interest, charges and APR . Id of
GROUP.CONDITION table chosen should match with the Group Id indicated in
GROUP.DEBIT.INT table.
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GROUP.CREDIT.INT table allows rules for calculation of credit interest for groups
of accounts. It is quite similar to GROUP.DEBIT.INT with a few additional
capabilities. The Id will comprise Group Id, Currency and effective date each
separated by a .
TAX.KEY Field identifies either a Tax record (defined in TAX table) or
TAX.TYPE.CONDITION record with a "*" symbol prefixed, which specifies the
calculation and processing of tax, applicable to credit interest. Input of
TAX.TYPE.CONDITION helps in deducting different rates of tax for different
group of customers within the associated group of accounts. INTEREST.TAX.MIN
Field defines the amount of interest which can be earned tax free. If the amount of
credit interest earned in a capitalisation period is greater than this amount then tax,
if defined, will be deducted. The minimum interest taken for tax calculation will be
for CR interest and CR2 interest individually and not for the sum of the two.
It is possible to net debit interest against credit interest prior to calculating tax , if
both are capitalised on the same dates. DR interest can be netted against CR interest
and DR2 interest can be netted against CR2 interest.
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Similar to the features in GROUP.DEBIT.INT, it is possible to set rules for first and second
credit interest as fixed and/ or floating interest rate. The rates could be on a level or band
basis. Similarly, it is possible to waive or pay a minimum amount of interest.
CR.MAX.RATE Field is used to define the capped rate for credit balance type. If the rate
that is derived after applying any spread, is more than this rate then interest rate will be
capped at this value. Credit Interest can be calculated on daily, average or minimum balance
during the interest period by defining in CR.BALANCE.TYPE Field. If MINIMUM is
opted , the minimum balance during a period within a month is used for interest
calculations. It is possible to set negative interest rates on accounts in credit. To achieve this
, NEGATIVE.RATES Field on GROUP.CREDIT.INT must be set to YES. If this field is set
as either No or left unpopulated, then when interest rates fall below 0, zero interest will
be accrued to that account. If set to YES, this would enable collecting interest from accounts
even though they have credit balances.
Negative interest rates may occur by CR.BASIC.RATE being specified with a discount ,
such that the net effective rate is negative. This is useful for penalising overdraft accounts
maintaining credit balance. If set to BLOCK.MARGIN, negative effect will not be allowed
because of margin. Negative margin can not make the rate more negative or a positive rate
to negative. For Example, If base rate is -7, margin is -2 then net effect will be -7.If margin
is +2 then the effective rate become -5. If base rate is +5 and margin is -7 then effective rate
will be zero not negative.
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It is possible to specify that credit interest is to be calculated only for offset against
debit interest and not for crediting the Customer's Account by using
CR.OFFSET.ONLY Field. If the field is set as Y, then first credit interest will be
offset for first debit interest only.
Input to this field has no effect unless the debit and credit capitalisation dates are the
same.
When CR2.OFFSET.ONLY is set to Y, then only the second Credit Interest specified
in the CR2 Fields may be used to offset the second Debit Interest specified in DR2
Fields .
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The charges applied to an account will vary from different categories of account.
Charges are of two types interest related and ledger fee related .
Interest related charges include DEBIT.INT.ADDON or HIGHEST.DEBIT,
GOVERNMENT.MARGIN and INTEREST.STATEMENT Charge.
The ledger fee related charges can be based on BALANCE.REQUIREMENT,
NUMBER.OF.CREDIT or TURNOVER.CREDIT, NUMBER.OF.DEBIT or
TURNOVER.DEBIT, ACCT.STATEMENT.CHARGE and non immediate
TRANSACTION.CHARGE depending on the Transaction Codes.
TRANSACTION.CHARGE is not attached through GENERAL.CHARGE . It is
attached through TRANSACTION record in CHARGE.KEY Field.
All charges are linked through GENERAL.CHARGE . Several such charge tariff
structures may be stored in the file GENERAL.CHARGE. Charges effective on the
date of capitalisation are applicable for the whole of capitalisation period.
A particular GENERAL.CHARGE record could be linked to a GROUP.DEBIT.INT
record or to a single account through ACCOUNT.DEBIT.INT. This brings out the
whole picture of charge structure for accounts.
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When Account maintenance charges are combined, it is possible to set rules for
waiving or offsetting. This is achieved depending on the value in the
OFFSET.BAL.TYPE Field. The options available are MINIMUM and AVERAGE.
If accounts maintain the balance indicated charges can be waived.The Average or
Minimum balance for the application period is calculated and converted to local
currency equivalent. If the result is not less than the DEFAULT.MIN.AV.BAL all
charges specified in BALANCE.REQUIREMENT, NUMBER.OF.CREDIT,
NUMBER.OF.DEBIT, TURNOVER.CREDIT, TURNOVER.DEBIT and
STATEMENT.CHARGE are waived.
It is also possible to calculate a notional credit interest amount and can be offset
against the calculated charges. DEFAULT.BAL.NO.OFFSET Field specifies the
balance (in local currency equivalent) required before offset interest is calculated
for Accounts in Currencies with no such details.
Details for waiving charges and calculating offsets for Accounts, in specific
Currencies may be specified in the multi value group of associated
OFFSET.CURRENCY, MIN.AV.BAL, DAY.BASIS, BAL.NO.CREDIT and
LOW.AMT.CHARGE Fields.
PERCT.FOR.OFFSET Field is used to indicate the rate. DEFAULT. DAY.BASIS
or DAY.BASIS are used to indicate the interest day basis to be used in the
calculation.
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Select parameters for operating accounts are set up through this table. It is possible
to set parameters group wise and currency wise.
Notice Savings accounts can be defined to insist on a notice period for withdrawals
above an indicated amount. These are possible for accounts defined as SAVINGS in
ACCOUNT.CLASS.
NOTICE.AMOUNT Field specifies the maximum amount which can be withdrawn
without notification being required. Maximum local currency amount that can be
withdrawn in a single transaction without incurring an override message. Override
message is generated when this value is exceeded.
NOTICE.PERIOD Field can be specified either in days or months or working days
to indicate the notice to be given for withdrawing above the notice amount.
The number of days, months or working days for which funds subject to notice
conditions will be available could be indicated through AVAILABILITY Field For
example: Notice of one month is required for withdrawal and availability of funds
kept for 5 more days, then NOTICE.PERIOD is mentioned as 1 month and
AVAILABILITY as 5 working days. If the amount is not withdrawn within in this
period, fresh further one month notice must be given.
Notice of withdrawal recorded through NOTICE.WITHDRAWAL application.
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It is possible to defer collecting charges, interest and tax thereon for a specific
period after calculation, so that customer could be notified of ensuing debits. The
system debits this amount to internal account and after the deferred period, the
amount is debited to customers account automatically.
DEFER.CHARGE.DAYS and DEFER.DB.INT.DAYS Fields are used to specify
the deferment period. The period can be indicated either in calendar or working
days. The internal account category for posting such debit is indicated for deferred
interest, charges and tax through CHARGE.PENDING.CATEGORY,
DB.INT.PENDING.CAT and TAX.PENDING.CAT Fields. Internal accounts to be
opened in local currency.
It is possible to restrict use of one limit for only one account , instead of many
accounts using the same limit. This is indicated through SINGLE.LIMIT.DEFLT
Field . The value set here will be defaulted to SINGLE. LIMITFIELD in
ACCOUNT, for the new account opened satisfying the group condition. If
SINGLE.LIMIT.FIELD in account is defaulted to "Y" then only one account is
allowed to utilize the limit. If set to "N" then multiple accounts can utilize the same
limit.
When ever there are changes in interest rate, the rate change advices could be sent
to the customer by setting RATE.CHANGE.ADVICE Field as Yes . Message type
for such advice is entered in ADVICE.TYPE Field, with a valid record in
EB.ADVICES table.
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It is possible to indicate transactions, which if done more than the threshold times
in a statement period, would constitute a violation. The violation could be set up as
not eligible for credit interest.
For example: Cash withdrawal transaction happening 10 or more times, within a
statement period of 1 month, then account not eligible for credit interest. Further, it
should also be considered as a violation.
TXN.THRESHOLD Field is used to define the threshold for each transaction code
or group in the TXN.CODE.GRP Field. If the number of qualifying transactions
equals or exceeds this threshold then the account will be deemed to have broken the
conditions for the waiving of credit interest and/or violation status as specified in
the related WAIVE.CR.INT and NO.VIOLATION Fields. This threshold applies to
each statement period.
NO.VIOLATION Field allows the related transaction threshold set, not to be used
for calculating account violations. When set as Yes, then the transactions in this
group will be recorded on the AC.VIOLATION record for the account with the
TXN.STATUS set to null and therefore will not influence the VIOLATION.STATUS
of the account. RETENTION.PERIOD Field decides how long this record should be
in live status.
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Accounts that need to have the same statement generation frequency are grouped
together. For example DAILY frequency may be set up for current accounts of
private individuals residing in USA. It could also be for all current accounts of all
Corporates.
FREQUENCY.TYPE Field identifies whether the statement due date is to be
according to the anniversary of the opening date of the account or the period end
date.
For period end date, the end date depends upon the key of the record.
Monthly - Calendar end date of the month.
Quarterly - Calendar end date for the end of March, June, September or December.
Six Monthly - Calendar end date for the end of June or December.
Yearly - Calendar end date for the end of December.
If set as ANNIVERSARY, statement are produced on the same day on which the
account was opened . If the account was opened on 15th, then statement would be
produced on 15th of every month under monthly option and 15th of every quarter
under quarterly option.
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Account Search enquiries provide the list of accounts based on selection criteria.
Todays Account Balance enquiry has the option of giving either the customer or
account number and we can drill down to view the accounting entries for the day,
entries since last statement date and also projected forward movements in the
account.
Average Account Balance enquiry for a given period can be generated . It provides
account wise debit and credit balances. Entries for Today enquiry details the
accounting entries for the day. We can drill down to look into individual
transactions. Entries for the Given dates enquiry provides the accounting entries for
a given date for an account.
Balance on Statement Date enquiry provides the gist of statement for an account.
We can view the entries for a given account from the last statement date. Details of
the interest rate changes made in an account can be displayed though the Interest
Rate changes for Account enquiry. We can enquire the details of the locked account
under various dates and also the charges that are unpaid for an account by selecting
criteria account.
Further other enquires are available for viewing primary and joint accounts,
Inactive accounts, details of credit and debit interest posted, credit and debit interest
accrued and credit and debit interest corrected.
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Image Management is used in conjunction with Graphical User Interface and gives
the ability to capture images and allows display of images, opening of document
files, media files and other files by their associated applications.
IM benefits user by providing immediate access to digital copies of essential data
such as signatures, passports, loan documentation, photos or birth certificates.
There is no need to access physical document itself. This may not be possible with
items such as passports, or if the item itself is stored somewhere for safekeeping.
Images can be displayed within the browser interface itself, whilst other file types
are shown as hyperlinks which can be used to open an associated application to
display the file. Automatic view of signature is possible in FT and Teller
applications through context sensitive enquiry. On the other hand if the images are
not linked to applications they can be viewed through enquiry.
To capture the images , only capture station needs access to a scanner. Others can
view stored images.
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First settings to be made are to define the types or categories of files and images.
IM.IMAGE.TYPE record is used to record location of files and allows
categorisation of files by types which makes storage and retrieval to be setup in a
logical fashion. Customer photograph could be defined as one type, passport scans
as another and signatures as yet another. Images of particular type should be stored
in directory on the PC or network as defined by the combination of default drive
and path fields. Directory should be defined within webapps directory of Browser
setup.
So a typical usage would be to place similar types together in special directories, so
records such as PHOTO, PASSPORT, SECURITY, SIGNATURE, VIDEO, FORMS
etc would each have their own unique sub-directory.
Individual images are captured using IM.DOCUMENT.IMAGE application and
stored in the place indicated in IM.IMAGE.TYPE table. For example signature for
Account 100970 is captured. When the account is accessed by clicking on image
display icon image can be viewed.
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Sweep could be one way sweep from one or more designated accounts to another
specified accounts.
Maintenance is a standard Sweep to maintain balance. When balance in accounts
fall below a specified minimum amount, it sweeps funds from designated accounts
to maintain balance.
Surplus Sweep is return Sweep. When balance in accounts go above a specified
maximum, it sweeps excess funds to designated accounts .
Sweep could be two way also. Money can flow from `From account to `To account
if balance in To account is below a threshold amount and in addition, from `To
account to `From Account in case balance in `To account is above a specified
amount.
Two-way or Sweep and Return Sweep is a Maintenance and a Return Sweep in one
link. Maintenance Sweep always goes first.
Cash flow sweep is similar to the Two-way, but the total amounts that can be
requested are subject to user defined amount.
Sweep could be optionally made subject to posting restriction or defying posting
restriction.
Sweep could be triggered either without availing overdraft limit in an account or
otherwise.
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AC. SWEEP.TYPE has four options namely Maintenance, Surplus, Two way and
Cash flow.
Maintenance is a standard Sweep for maintenance of balance. When the balance in
accounts falls below a specified minimum amount, it sweeps funds from designated
accounts to maintain balance.
Surplus Sweep or Return Sweep style involves sweeping funds when balance in
accounts go above a specified maximum value.
Surplus is the only sweep that supports handling of back valued entries.
Two-way is a combination of sweep and Return Sweep. This sweep style is simply a
Maintenance Sweep and a Return Sweep in one link. In this Case, the Maintenance
Sweep has priority and always goes first.
Cash flow is similar to Two-way sweep.
Similar to the Two-way except that the total amounts that can be requested are
subject to a user defined limit.
In all cases, either the amount of the sweep is defined in the API routine or it is
enough to bring the balance back to the relevant maximum or minimum amount.
From account can never be brought below its minimum amount.
It is possible to specify whether the amount calculated by T24 is passed to the
user defined routine mentioned in AC.SWEEP.TYPE for additional criteria to
arrive at the final sweep amount. When the RTN.WITH.SW.AMT Field is set to
YES after attaching the local routine, then the sweep amount calculated by T24 is
passed to the user routine.
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While sweeping funds from one account to another account, there is a facility to
enable the sweeping mechanism to take from overdraft account. Overdraft limits
which are attached to an account could be used or sweep effected based on credit
balance in the account. Accordingly USE.LIMITS can be set as YES or No If this
field is set to YES then the limit attached to the overdraft account will be checked.
If it set as NO then it will disregard any limit in the overdraft account.
For example An account with a minimum balance of USD 200 and a Limit of USD
100 would trigger when the balance in the account becomes USD 100.
For return sweeps the funds will always go into the first account in the
ACCOUNT.FROM Field in AC.ACCOUNT.LINK. However, by setting the
PRIOROTISE.OD Field as YES in AC.SWEEP.TYPE, we can specify the sweep to
clear any overdrafts amongst the from accounts first.
This would mean that if there were two from accounts with the first having a
balance of USD 200 and the second USD 50, the sweep would place USD 50 in
the second account and USD 150 in the first.
BALANCE.TO.USE Field is used to specify which type of balance is to be used for
sweep purposes. This could be Online actual, Online cleared or Working balance.
Online cleared balance includes values of all authorised entries over the Account
except any credit or reversal of debit entries with future exposure dates. Working
balance is value of cleared balances and unauthorised debit entries over the account.
Actual balance is cleared balance and credit entries with future exposure dates.
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We have come to the end of the session relating to ACCOUNT and other related
applications . We have seen the dependencies and linkages between account
module and T24 Core and other applications and also main business features of the
Account module.
We have also seen other related modules closely associated with customer type of
accounts like cheque, Account sweep and Image management
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