Contents

SECTION I Physiologic Systems

Introduction

Robert Plonsey

An Outline of Cardiovascular Structure and Function

Endocrine System

Nervous System

Vision System

Auditory System

The Gastrointestinal System

Respiratory System

Daniel J. Schneck

Derek G. Cramp, Ewart R. Carson

Evangelia Micheli-Tzanakou

George Stetten
Ben M. Clopton, Francis A. Spelman
Berj L. Bardakjian

Arthur T. Johnson, Christopher G. Lausted,

Joseph D. Bronzino

Historical Perspectives 1: Cardiac Pacing Historical Highlights

Leslie A. Geddes

SECTION II Bioelectric Phenomena

Introduction

Craig S. Henriquez

Basic Electrophysiology

Volume Conductor Theory

Roger C. Barr
Robert Plonsey

10

The Electrical Conductivity of Tissues

11

Membrane Models

12

Numerical Methods for Bioelectric Field Problems

13

Principles of Electrocardiography

14

Principles of Electromyography

2000 by CRC Press LLC

Bradley J. Roth

Anthony Varghese

Edward J. Berbari
Kaj-ge Henneberg

Christopher R. Johnson

15

Principles of Electroencephalography

16

Biomagnetism

17

Electric Stimulation of Excitable Tissue

Joseph D. Bronzino

Jaakko Malmivuo
Dominique M. Durand

Section III Biomechanics

Introduction

Daniel J. Schneck

18

Mechanics of Hard Tissue

19

Mechanics of Blood Vessels

20

Joint-Articulating Surface Motion

21

Joint Lubrication

22

J. Lawrence Katz
Thomas R. Canfield, Philip B. Dobrin
Kenton R. Kaufman, Kai-Nan An

Michael J. Furey

Musculoskeletal Soft Tissue Mechanics

Richard L. Lieber,

Thomas J. Burkholder

23

Mechanics of Head/Neck

24

Biomechanics of Chest and Abdomen Impact

Albert I. King, David C. Viano

David C. Viano,

Albert I. King,

25

Analysis of Gait

26

Exercise Physiology

27

Factors Affecting Mechanical Work in Humans

Roy B. Davis, Peter A. DeLuca, Sylvia unpuu

Arthur T. Johnson, Cathryn R. Dooly
Arthur T. Johnson,

Bernard F. Hurley

28
29

Cardiac Biodynamics

Andrew D. McCulloch

Heart Valve Dynamics

Aijt P. Yoganathan, Jack D. Lemmon,

Jeffrey T. Ellis

30

Arterial Macrocirculatory Hemodynamics

31

Mechanics and Transport in the Microcirculation

Baruch B. Lieber
Aleksander S. Popel,

Roland N. Pittman

32

Mechanics and Deformability of Hematocytes

Robert M. Hochmuth

33

The Venous System

2000 by CRC Press LLC

Artin A. Shoukas, Carl F. Rothe

Richard E. Waugh,

34

Mechanics of Tissue/Lymphatic Transport

Alan R. Hargen,

Geert W. Schmid-Schnbein

35

Cochlear Mechanics

Charles R. Steele, Gary J. Baker, Jason A. Tolomeo,

Deborah E. Zetes-Tolomeo

36

Vestibular Mechanics

Wallace Grant

Section IV Biomaterials
Introduction

Joon B. Park

37

Metallic Biomaterials

Joon B. Park, Young Kon Kim

38

Ceramic Biomaterials

W. G. Billotte

39

Polymeric Biomaterials

40

Composite Biomaterials

41

Biodegradable Polymeric Biomaterials: An Updated Overview

Hai Bang Lee, Gilson Khang, Jin Ho Lee

Roderic Lakes

Chih-Chang Chu

42

Biologic Biomaterials: Tissue-Derived Biomaterials (Collagen)

Shu-Tung Li

43

Soft Tissue Replacements

44

Hard Tissue Replacements

45

Preservation Techniques for Biomaterials

46

Hip Joint Prosthesis FixationProblems and Possible Solutions

43.1 Blood Interfacing Implants K. B. Chandran

43.2 Non-Blood-Interfacing Implants for Soft Tissues K.J.L Burg, S. W. Shalaby

44.1 Bone Repair and Joint Implants S-H. Park, A. Llins, V. K. Goel
44.2 Dental Implants: The Relationship of Materials Characteristics to Biologic Properties
J. C. Keller

Joon B. Park

Section V Biomedical Sensors

Introduction

Michael R. Neuman

47

Physical Measurements

Michael R. Neuman

48

Biopotential Electrodes

Michael R. Neuman

2000 by CRC Press LLC

Robin Coger, Mehmet Toner

49

Electrochemical Sensors

50

Optical Sensors

51

Bioanalytic Sensors

Chung-Chiun Liu

Yitzhak Mendelson
Richard P. Buck

Historical Perspectives 2: The Elecrocardiograph

Section VI
Introduction

Leslie A. Geddes

Biomedical Signal Analysis

Banu Onaral

52

Biomedical Signals: Origin and Dynamic Characteristics; Frequency-Domain

Analysis Arnon Cohen

53

Digital Biomedical Signal Acquisition and Processing

Luca T. Mainardi,

Anna M. Bianchi, Sergio Cerutti

54

Compression of Digital Biomedical Signals

A. Enis Cetin,

Hayrettin Kymen

55

Time-Frequency Signal Representations for Biomedical Signals

G. Faye Boudreaux-Bartels, Robin Murray

56

Wavelet (Time-Scale) Analysis in Biomedical Signal Processing

Nitish V. Thakor, Boris Gramatikov, David Sherman

57

Higher-Order Spectral Analysis

58

Neural Networks in Biomedical Signal Processing

Athina P. Petropulu

Evangelia Micheli-Tzanakou

59

Complexity, Scaling, and Fractals in Biomedical Signals

Banu Onaral,

Joseph P. Cammarota

60

Future Directions: Biomedical Signal Processing and Networked Multimedia

Communications Banu Onaral

Section VII Imaging

Introduction

61

Karen M. Mudry

X-Ray
61.1 X-Ray Equipment Robert E. Shroy, Jr.
61.2 X-Ray Projection Angiography Michael S. Van Lysel
61.3 Mammography Martin J. Yaffe

2000 by CRC Press LLC

62
63

Computed Tomography
62.1 Instrumentation Ian A. Cunningham
62.2 Reconstruction Principles Philip F. Judy

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

63.1
63.2
63.3
63.4

Acquisition and Processing Steven Conolly, Albert Macovski, John Pauly

Hardware/Instrumentation John Schenck
Functional MRI Kenneth K. Kwong, David A. Chesler
Chemical-Shift Imaging: An Introduction to Its Theory and Practice Xiaoping Hu, Wei Chen,

Maqbool Patel, Kamil Ugurbil

64

Nuclear Medicine
64.1 Instrumentation Barbara Y. Croft
64.2 SPECT (Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography)

Benjamin M. W. Tsui

65

Ultrasound

66

Magnetic Resonance Microscopy

67

Positron-Emission Tomography (PET)

68

Electrical Impedance Tomography

69

Medical Applications of Virtual Reality Technology

65.1 Transducers Richard L. Goldberg, Stephen W. Smith

65.2 Ultrasonic Imaging Jack G. Mottley
65.3 Blood Flow Measurement Using Ultrasound K. Whittaker Ferrara
Xiaohong Zhou, G. Allan Johnson

67.1 Radiopharmaceuticals Thomas E. Budinger, Henry F. Van Brocklin

67.2 Instrumentation Thomas E. Budinger
D. C. Barber
Walter Greenleaf,

Tom Piantanida

Section VIII Medical Instruments and Devices

Introduction

Wolf W. von Maltzahn

70

Biopotential Amplifiers

71

Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure and Mechanics

72

Cardiac Output Measurement

73

Bioelectric Impedance Measurements

74

Respiration

75

Clinical Laboratory: Separation and Spectral Methods

2000 by CRC Press LLC

Joachim H. Nagel
Gary Drzewiecki

Leslie A. Geddes
Robert Patterson

Leslie A. Geddes
Richard L. Roa

76

Clinical Laboratory: Nonspectral Methods and Automation

Richard L. Roa

77

Implantable Cardiac Pacemakers

78

Implantable Stimulators for Neuromuscular Control

Michael Forde, Pat Ridgely

Primoz Strojnik,

P. Hunter Peckham,

79

External Defibrillators

80

Implantable Defibrillators

81

Electrosurgical Devices

Jeffrey L. Eggleston , Wolf W. von Maltzahn

82

Mechanical Ventilation

Khosrow Behbehani

83

Parenteral Infusion Devices

84

Essentials of Anesthesia Delivery

85

Biomedical Lasers

86

Noninvasive Optical Monitoring

87

Medical Instruments and Devices Used in the Home

Willis A. Tacker
Edwin G. Duffin

Gregory I. Voss, Robert D. Butterfield

A. William Paulsen

Millard M. Judy
Ross Flewelling
Bruce R. Bowman,

Edward Schuck

88

Virtual Instrumentation

Eric Rosow, Joseph Adam

Historical Perspectives 3: Recording of Action Potentials

Leslie A. Geddes

Section IX Biologic Effects of Nonionizing Electromagnetic Fields

Introduction

Charles Polk

89

Dielectric Properties of Tissues

90

Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields: Dosimetry, Cellular, and Animal Effects

Kenneth R. Foster

Maria A. Stuchly

91

Therapeutic Applications of Low-Frequency Sinusoidal and Pulsed Electric

and Magnetic Fields Charles Polk

92

Biologic Effects of Radiofrequency and Microwave Fields: In Vivo and

In Vitro Experimental Results Edward Elson

2000 by CRC Press LLC

93

Radio Frequency Hyperthermia in Cancer Therapy

C. K. Chou,

Rulong Ren

94

Electroporation of Cells and Tissues

Appendix A

Basics of Blood Gas Instrumentation

Angelo Manzoni

2000 by CRC Press LLC

James C. Weaver
Christina Cristalli,

Contents

SECTION X Transport Phenomena and Biomimetic Systems

Introduction

Robert J. Fisher

95

Biomimetic Systems

96

Diffusional Processes and Engineering Design

97

Animal Surrogate Systems

98

Microvascular Heat Transfer

99

Interstitial Transport in the Brain: Principles for Local Drug Delivery

Robert J. Fisher
E. N. Lightfoot

Michael L. Shuler
James W. Baish .

W. Mark Saltzman

100

Arterial Wall Mass Transport: The Possible Role of Blood Phase

Resistance in the Localization of Arterial Disease John M. Tarbell,
Yuchen Qiu

SECTION XI Biotechnology
Introduction

Martin L. Yarmush, Mehmet Toner

101

Protein Engineering

102

Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Engineered Fragments

Alan J. Russell, Chenzhao Vierheller

Srikanth Sundaram, David M. Yarmush

103

Antisense Technology

S. Patrick Walton, Charles M. Roth,

Martin L. Yarmush

104

Tools for Genome Analysis

105

Vaccine Production

106

Gene Therapy

107

Cell Engineering

108

Metabolic Engineering

2000 by CRC Press LLC

Robert Kaiser

John G. Aunins, Ann L. Lee, David B. Volkin

Joseph M. Le Doux, Jeffrey R. Morgan, Martin L. Yarmush

Douglas A. Lauffenburger
Craig Zupke

SECTION XII Tissue Engineering

Introduction

Bernhard . Palsson, Jeffrey A. Hubbell

109

Tissue Engineering

110

Surface Immobilization of Adhesion Ligands for Investigations of

Cell-Substrate Interactions Paul D. Drumheller, Jeffrey A. Hubbell

111

Biomaterials: Protein-Surface Interactions

Franois Berthiaume, Martin L. Yarmush

Joseph A. Chinn, Steven M. Slack

112

Engineering Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering: The 10100 Micron Size

Scale David J. Mooney, Robert S. Langer

113

Regeneration Templates

114

Ioannis V. Yannas

Fluid Shear Stress Effects on Cellular Function

Charles W. Patrick, Jr.,

Rangarajan Sampath, Larry V. McIntire

115

The Roles of Mass Transfer in Tissue Function

Edwin N. Lightfoot,

Karen A. Duca

116

The Biology of Stem Cells

117

Cell Motility and Tissue Architecture

118

Tissue Microenvironments

119

The Importance of Stromal Cells

120

Tissue Engineering of Bone Marrow

Craig T. Jordan, Gary Van Zant

Graham A. Dunn

Michael W. Long
Brian A. Naughton
Manfred R. Koller,

Bernhard . Palsson

121

Tissue Engineering of the Liver

122

Tissue Engineering in the Nervous System

Tae Ho Kim, Joseph P. Vacanti

Ravi Bellamkonda,

Patrick Aebischer

123

Tissue Engineering of Skeletal Muscle

Susan V. Brooks,

John A. Faulkner

124

Tissue Engineering of Cartilage

125

Tissue Engineering of the Kidney

2000 by CRC Press LLC

L.E. Freed, G. Vunjak-Novakovic

H. David Humes

SECTION XIII Prostheses and Artificial Organs

Introduction

Pierre M. Galletti, Robert M. Nerem

126

Artificial Heart and Circulatory Assist Devices

127

Cardiac Valve Prostheses

128

Vascular Grafts

129

Gerson Rosenberg

Ajit P. Yoganathan

David N. Ku, Robert C. Allen

Artificial Lungs and Blood-Gas Exchange Devices

Pierre M. Galletti,

Clark K. Colton

130

Artificial Kidney

131

Peritoneal Dialysis Equipment

132

Therapeutic Apheresis and Blood Fractionation

133

Liver Support Systems

134

Pierre M. Galletti, Clark K. Colton, Michael J. Lysagh

Artificial Pancreas

Michael J. Lysaght, John Moran

Andrew L. Zydney

Pierre M. Galletti, Hugo O. Jauregui

Pierre M. Galletti, Clark K. Colton, Michel Jaffrin,

Gerard Reach .

135

Nerve Guidance Channels

136

Tracheal, Laryngeal, and Esophageal Replacement Devices

Robert F. Valentini

Tatsuo Nakamura, Yasuhiko Shimizu

137

Artificial Blood

138

Artificial Skin and Dermal Equivalents

SECTION XIV
Introduction

139

Marcos Intaglietta, Robert M. Winslow

Ioannis V. Yannas

Rehabiliation Engineering

Charles J. Robinson

Rehabilitation Engineering, Science, and Technology

Charles J. Robinson

140

Orthopedic Prosthetics and Orthotics in Rehabilitation

Marilyn Lord,

Alan Turner-Smith

141

Wheeled Mobility: Wheelchairs and Personal Transportation

Rory A. Cooper

2000 by CRC Press LLC

142

Externally Powered and Controlled Orthotics and Prosthetics

Dejan B. Popovic

143

Sensory Augmentation and Substitution

144

Augmentative and Alternative Communication

Kurt A. Kaczmarek
Barry Romich,

Gregg Vanderheiden, Katya Hill

145

Measurement Tools and Processes in Rehabilitation Engineering

George V. Kondraske

146

Rehabilitation Engineering Technologies: Principles of Application

Douglas Hobson, Elaine Trefler

Historical Perspectives 4: Electromyography

SECTION XV
Introduction

147

Leslie A. Geddes

Human Performance Engineering

George V. Kondraske

A Working Model for Human System-Task Interfaces

George V. Kondraske

148

Measurement of Neuromuscular Performance Capacities

Susan S. Smith

149

Measurement of Sensory-Motor Control Performance Capacities:

Tracking Tasks Richard D. Jones

150

Measurement of Information-Processing Performance Capacities

George V. Kondraske, Paul J. Vasta

151

High-Level Task Analysis: Mental Components

152

Task Analysis and Decomposition: Physical Components

Kenneth J. Maxwell

Sheik N. Imrhan

153

Human-Computer Interface Design Issues

154

Applications of Human Performance Measurements to Clinical Trials to

Determine Therapy Effectiveness and Safety Pamela J. Hoyes Beehler,

Kenneth J. Maxwell

Karl Syndulko

155

Applications of Quantitative Assessment of Human Performance in

Occupational Medicine Mohamad Parnianpour

156

Human Performance Engineering: Computer-Based Design and Analysis

Tools Paul J. Vasta, George V. Kondraske

2000 by CRC Press LLC

157

Human Performance Engineering: Challenges and Prospects for the Future

George V. Kondraske

SECTION XVI Physiological Modeling, Simulation, and Control

Introduction

158

Joseph L. Palladino

Modeling Strategies in Physiology

J. L. Palladino, G. M. Drzewiecki,

A. Noordergraaf

159

Compartmental Models of Physiologic Systems

Claudio Cobelli,

Giovanni Sparacino, Andrea Caumo, Maria Pia Saccomani,

Gianna Maria Toffolo

160

Cardiovascular Models and Control

161

Respiratory Models and Control

162

Neural Networks for Physiological Control

163

Methods and Tools for Identification of Physiologic Systems

William D. Timmons

Chi-Sang Poon
James J. Abbas

Vasilis Z. Marmarelis

164

Autoregulating Windkessel Dynamics May Cause Low Frequency

Oscillations Gary Drzewiecki, John K-J. Li, Abraham Noordergraaf

165

Control of Movements

166

The Fast Eye Movement Control System

Dejan B. Popovi c
John Denis Enderle

SECTION XVII Clinical Engineering

Introduction

Yadin David

167

Clinical Engineering: Evolution of a Discipline

168

Management and Assessment of Medical Technology

Joseph D. Bronzino
Yadin David,

Thomas M. Judd

169

Risk Factors, Safety, and Management of Medical Equipment

Michael L. Gullikson

170

Clinical Engineering Program Indicators

Dennis D. Autio,

Robert L. Morris

171

Quality of Improvement and Team Building

2000 by CRC Press LLC

Joseph P. McClain

172

A Standards Primer for Clinical Engineers

173

Regulatory and Assessment Agencies

174

Applications of Virtual Instruments in Health Care

Alvin Wald

Mark E. Bruley, Vivian H. Coates

Eric Rosow,

Joseph Adam

SECTION XVIII
Introduction

175

Medical Informatics

Luis G. Kun

Hospital Information Systems: Their Function and State

T. Allan Pryor

176

Computer-Based Patient Records

177

Computer Networks in Health Care

178

Overview of Standards Related to the Emerging Health Care Information

Infrastructure Jeffrey S. Blair

179

Non-AI Decision Making

J. Michael Fitzmaurice
Soumitra Sengupta

Ron Summers, Derek G. Cramp,

Ewart R. Carson

180

Design Issues in Developing Clinical Decision Support and Monitoring

Systems John W. Goethe, Joseph D. Bronzino

SECTION XIX
Introduction

Artificial Intelligence

Stanley M. Finkelstein

181

Artificial Intelligence in Medical Decision Making: History, Evolution, and

Prospects Casimir A. Kulikowski

182

Artificial Neural Networks: Definitions, Methods, Applications

Daniel A. Zahner, Evangelia Micheli-Tzanakou

183

Clinical Decision Systems

184

Expert Systems: Methods and Tools

Pirkko Nyknen, Niilo Saranummi

Ron Summers, Derek Cramp,

Ewart R. Carson

185

Knowledge Acquisition and Representation

186

Knowledge-Based Systems for Intelligent Patient Monitoring and

Management in Critical Care Environments Benoit M. Dawant,
Patrick R. Norris

2000 by CRC Press LLC

Catherine Garbay

187

Medical Terminology and Diagnosis Using Knowledge Bases

Peter L. M. Kerkhof

188

Natural Language Processing in Biomedicine

Historical Perspectives 5: Electroencephalography

Stephen B. Johnson

Leslie A. Geddes

SECTION XX Ethical Issues Associated with the Use of

Medical Technology
Introduction

Subrata Saha, Joseph D. Bronzino

189

Professional Ethics in Biomedical Engineering

190

Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, and Technological Progress

Daniel E. Wueste

Joseph D. Bronzino

191

Ethical Issues of Animal and Human Experimentation in the Development

of Medical Devices Subrata Saha, Pamela S. Saha

192

Regulation of Medical Device Innovation

Appendix A

Joseph D. Bronzino

The Role of Professional Societies in Biomedical Engineering

Swamy Laxminarayan, Joseph D. Bronzino, Jan E.W. Beneken, Shiro Usai,

Richard D. Jones

2000 by CRC Press LLC

Robert Plonsey. Physiologic Systems.

The Biomedical Engineering Handbook: Second Edition.
Ed. Joseph D. Bronzino
Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000