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Structure of FM 355-2
1
2
Controller tuning
10
Connecting measurement
transducers and loads/actuators
11
12
13
Product Overview
SIMATIC
Temperature controller FM 355-2
Manual
Examples
Appendix
Data sheet
Tuning status
Allocation of the DBs
List of RET_VAL messages
List of abbreviations
Additional information
Index
Edition 04/2002
A5E00142771-01
A
B
C
D
E
F
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Index-2Aktiengesellschaft
Siemens
Preface
Controller tuning
Appendices
iii
Preface
Documentation
S7-300 CPU
installation, CPU Data
M7-300 PLC
ET 200M
Further Support
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S7 automation system. Please contact your regional training center or our central
training center in D 90327 Nuremberg, Germany for details:
iv
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Preface
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Preface
vi
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Contents
1
Product Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-1
1.1
FM 355-2 functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-2
1.2
1-4
1.3
FM 355-2 hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-5
1.4
FM 355-2 software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-7
Structure of FM 355-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-1
2.1
2-2
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
FM 355-2 inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Analog inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Digital inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-5
2-5
2-7
2.3
FM 355-2 outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-8
2.4
2-10
2.5
Characteristics of FM 355-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-13
3-1
3.1
3-2
3.2
3-4
4-1
4.1
4-2
4.2
4-9
4.3
4-11
5-1
6-1
6.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
6.1.5
6.1.6
6.1.7
Error signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Set-value/cascade controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Three-step action controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ratio or blending controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Signal selection for the setpoint value, actual value,
the D input and disturbance variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setpoint pre-processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Actual value pre-processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
Control algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dead band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PID control algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-10
6-10
6-11
6-7
6-7
6-8
6-9
vii
Contents
viii
6.2.3
6.2.4
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-17
6-18
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
6.3.5
Controller output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controller output functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controller output with closed-loop controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Controller output with pulse controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step controller output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manipulated value limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-19
6-19
6-21
6-23
6-26
6-27
Controller tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-1
7.1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-2
7.2
Process types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-3
7.3
Area of application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-5
7.4
7-6
7.5
Preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-9
7.6
7-12
7.7
7-16
7.8
7-17
7.9
Cooling tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-18
7.10
7-21
7.11
Tuning result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-23
7.12
7-25
7.13
7-25
7.14
7-28
7.15
7-31
7.16
7-33
8-1
8.1
8.1.1
8.1.2
8.1.3
8.1.4
8.1.5
8-3
8-4
8-5
8-6
8-7
8.2
8-14
8.3
8-18
8.4
8-19
8.5
8-20
8.6
8-21
8-8
Contents
9-1
10
10-1
10.1
10-2
10.2
10-4
10.3
10-7
11-1
11.1
11-2
11.2
Using thermocouples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11-5
11.3
11.4
11.5
11
12
13
12-1
12.1
12-2
12.2
12-3
12.3
12-7
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-1
13.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-2
13.2
13-3
13.3
13-7
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
ix
Contents
Data sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A-1
A.1
Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A-3
A.2
A-8
Tuning status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B-1
C-1
C.1
Instance DB of FB 52 FMT_PID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C-2
C.2
Instance DB of FB 53 FMT_PAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C-21
C.3
Instance DB of FB 54 FMT_CJ_T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C-23
C.4
Instance DB of FB 55 FMT_DS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C-25
C.5
Instance DB of FB 56 FMT_TUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C-27
C.6
Instance DB of FB 57 FMT_PV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C-31
D-1
List of abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
E-1
Additional information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F-1
F.1
Supplementary literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F-1
F.2
F-2
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index-1
Product Overview
In chapter
on page
1.1
FM 355-2 functions
1-2
1.2
1-4
1.3
FM 355-2 Hardware
1-5
1.4
FM 355-2 Software
1-7
FM 355-2 variants
The FM 355-2 is available in two variants:
Order nos.
Product
FM 355-2 C
Scope of delivery
Module FM 355-2 C,
Order no.
6ES7355-2CH00-0AE0
(closed-loop controller)
Module FM 355-2 S,
6ES7355-2SH00-0AE0
1-1
Product Overview
1.1
FM 355-2 functions
The function module FM 355-2 is a controller module for use in S7-300, M7-300
and ET 200M PLCs.
Controlling method
The FM 355-2 is a PID controller. You can configure its parameters via an
auto-tuning function:
Module
Controller type
FM 355-2 C
Closed-loop controller
FM 355-2 S
Pulse controller
Tuned by...
... the auto-tuning function of the
module
d l
Step controller
Control structures
You can use the FM 355-2 for the following control structures:
Set-value control
Follow-up control
Cascade control
Ratio control
Blending control
Operating modes
The following operating modes are available on the FM 355-2:
Automatic
Correction mode
Number of channels
The FM 355-2 is equipped with four independent controllers in four channels.
1-2
Product Overview
Number of inputs/outputs
Table 1-1 provides an overview of the number of FM 355-2 inputs/outputs.
Table 1-1
FM 355-2 S
Analog inputs
Digital inputs
Analog outputs
Digital outputs
Inputs/outputs
Diagnostic interrupt
The FM 355-2 can trigger a diagnostic interrupt if any of the following events occur:
Module defective
Reference junction
For use with thermocouples, the FM 355-2 has an additional analog input for the
connection of a Pt 100 using 4-wire control. This input is used to measure the
reference junction temperature and for compensation when operating with
thermocouplest.
If the demand on accuracy is moderate, you can use the temperature sensor that
is integrated in the module to measure the reference junction temperature for the
thermocouples J, K and E, or you can configure the reference junction
temperature.
Configuration
The FM 355-2 is configured with the help of a parameter assignment application.
1-3
Product Overview
1.2
Fields of application
The FM 355-2 can be used for control tasks in all of the following branches of
industry:
1-4
System engineering
Industrial furnaces
Process engineering
Environmental engineering
Product Overview
1.3
FM 355-2 hardware
Module view
Figure 1-1 shows the FM 355-2 module with its front connectors and the expansion
bus with the front panels closed.
Front connectors
with front connector
coding
Rating plate
Diagnostics and
status LEDs
Expansion bus
SIMATIC interface
Labeling strips
Order no.
2
3 4
Release
Figure 1-1
Front connector
The FM 355-2 provides the following connection options with its front connectors:
8 digital inputs
4 analog inputs
Supply voltage 24 VDC between L+ and M for the supply to the module and
digital/analog outputs
1-5
Product Overview
Labeling strips
Enclosed with the module are two labeling strips which you can use to label each
signal name.
The insides of the front panels are labeled with the corresponding terminal
assignments.
Bus connectors
Communication within one tier of the S7-300 is achieved by means of an
expansion bus. The expansion bus is supplied with the FM 355-2.
Function
SF
Red
Group error
Backup
Orange
I0
Green
I1
Green
I2
Green
I3
Green
I4
Green
I5
Green
I6
Green
I7
Green
The LEDs at the side of the binary outputs of the FM 355-2 S are not used and
therefore of no significance.
1-6
Product Overview
1.4
FM 355-2 software
Configuration software
Function blocks
Online Help
Examples
Configuration software
The parameter assignment application is installed on your programming device or
PC and called under STEP 7. You can specify your parameters via the parameter
assignment application.
Using the parameter assignment application on your programming device or PC,
you can perform the following functions on your FM 3552
Assign parameters,
Tuning
Online Help
You will find more information on assigning parameters in the integrated Online
Help (F1) or via menu item Help > Help topics.
Task
FB 52 FMT_PID
FB 53 FMT_PAR
FB 54 FMT_CJ_T
FB 55 FMT_DS1
FB 56 FMT_TUN
FB 57 FMT_PV
Read/write access to actual values (analog / digital input values) for commissioning
support.
1-7
Product Overview
CPU
with user program
and FBs for the
FM 355-2
FM 355-2
Figure 1-2
1-8
Structure of FM 355-2
In chapter
on page
2.1
2-2
2.2
FM 355-2 inputs
2-5
2.2.1
Analog inputs
2-5
2.2.2
Digital inputs
2-7
2.3
FM 355-2 outputs
2-8
2.4
2-10
2.5
2-13
2-1
Structure of FM 355-2
2.1
FM 355-2 inputs
4 analog inputs with analog value pre-processing
1 reference junction input for the compensation of thermocouples
8 digital inputs
FM 355-2 outputs
4 analog outputs (only FM 355-2 C)
8 digital outputs (only FM 355-2 S)
2-2
Structure of FM 355-2
Analog input
0
Controller
FM 355-2 C outputs
Analog value
processing
Analog output
0
Analog input
3
Analog value
pre-processing
Controller channel 0
Analog output
3
Digital input
0
Digital input
7
Figure 2-1
2-3
Structure of FM 355-2
FM 355-2 S inputs
Analog input
0
Controller
Analog input
3
Reference
junction for
analog input
0 ... 3
Digital input
0
Digital input
7
Figure 2-2
Controller
channel 1
Controller
channel 2
Controller
channel 3
FM 355-2 S outputs
Digital output 0
Digital output
1
Digital output 2
Digital output
3
Digital output
4
Digital output
5
Digital output 6
Digital output
7
2-4
Structure of FM 355-2
2.2
FM 355-2 inputs
FM 355-2 C and FM 355-2 S have the same structure of analog/digital inputs.
2.2.1
Analog inputs
Sensor type
A
D
Filter
square root
Polyline
Scaling and
offset compensation
pre-processed
analog value
Reference input
Reference junction
temperature
configured
Internal compensation for thermocouples J, K and E
Figure 2-3
The analog input parameters can be adapted for operation on different sensors.
The following settings are possible:
50 Hz operation
60 Hz operation
2-5
Structure of FM 355-2
Centigrade/Fahrenheit changeover
Temperature can be measured in C as well as in F.
The reference junction temperature is not converted when the temperature unit is
changed.
Reference junction
You have the following configuration options:
Reference input:
When you assign a thermocouple for operation as sensor on an analog input,
you can connect a Pt 100 to the reference junction input of FM 355-2 to
compensate the reference junction temperature for thermocouples.
When you use the reference junction input, the sampling rate of all controllers is
extended by the conversion time for this input (see Figures 2-5 and 2-6).
A fixed reference junction temperature.
Internal compensation for thermocouples J, K and E.
An internal temperature sensor measures the reference junction temperature
directly in the module.
Configurable values
Comments
Filter
On/Off
Time constant in s
Square root
On/Off
Scaling and
offset
compensation
Bottom
Top
Polyline
On/Off
13 interpolation points selectable in
To linearize sensor
characteristic curves
Note
Scaling/polyline: The mA or mV unit is converted to a physical quantity either via
the polyline or - if this is not switched on - via scaling. The polyline is used to
linearize a free thermocouple or for any other linearization.
2-6
Structure of FM 355-2
2.2.2
Digital inputs
The digital inputs serve to switch operating modes for the individual controller
channels.
The direction of control action of digital inputs can be configured. The following
settings are possible for each of the eight digital inputs:
High active
For the following operating modes you can specify that the switching signal is
output only by the FB or from the digital input also:
With step controllers you can also specify the following input signals via the digital
inputs:
2-7
Structure of FM 355-2
2.3
FM 355-2 outputs
Signal selection
Signal type
2-8
Structure of FM 355-2
Controller
channel
3
Open
Close
Digital outputs
assigned to the
controller channel
Significance of the
digital outputs of a
step controller
Assignment of digital
outputs to a pulse
controller
Open
Manipulated value A
Close
Manipulated value B
Open
Manipulated value A
Close
Manipulated value B
Open
Manipulated value A
Close
Manipulated value B
Open
Manipulated value A
Close
Manipulated value B
2-9
Structure of FM 355-2
2.4
Configuration
software
HW Config
PG/PC
Offline database
Loading
from
HW Config
Upload to
PG
Download to
module
CPU
FM 355-2
System
data
Loading of system data during
CPU startup and
STOP RUN transition
Figure 2-4
2-10
Structure of FM 355-2
Parameter assignment
You configure FM 355-2 with the help of a parameter assignment application on
your PG/PC (see Chapter 5). All configuration data are stored in a system data
block (SDB).
Note
Every time the CPU performs a restart (transition from STOP to RUN), the
parameters in the FM 355-2 are overwritten by the values of the system data block
(SDB).
2-11
Structure of FM 355-2
Please note: Parameter data you have modified online this way will be overwritten
with the parameter data in the SDB during CPU startup.
Save the parameter data you have modified online to the SDB as follows:
1. Upload the parameters from the FM 355-2 to the parameter assignment
application on your PG via PLC > Upload to PG.
2. Save the parameters in your parameter assignment application.
3. Save the project in HW Config with File > Save and compile.
4. Download the data to the CPU with Download to PLC...
2-12
Structure of FM 355-2
2.5
Characteristics of FM 355-2
Processing sequence
The FM 355-2 processes the analog inputs and controller channels in a set order.
Each controller channel is processed immediately after the analog input with the
same number has been processed and pre-processed. Analog input processing
then continues at the next highest number and so forth. The reference junction
value is processed in first place.
Conversion times
100 ms
Reference junction for analog input 0 ... 3
Startup
of the
FM
100 ms
Controller
channel 0
100 ms
Controller
channel 1
100 ms
Controller
channel 2
100 ms
Controller
channel 3
Analog input 0
Analog input 1
Analog input 2
Analog input 3
Figure 2-5
2-13
Structure of FM 355-2
Sampling time
The total sampling time for all FM 355-2 controllers is formed by the sum of the
conversion time of the individual analog inputs. Added to this is the conversion
time for the reference junction, if this junction is used.
The conversion time of an analog input is always 100 ms.
When an analog input is not processed, the controller channel with the same
number is also not going be processed (Conversion time = 0).
There are no additional conversion times for the analog outputs. The analog output
values of the FM 355-2 are output immediately after the respective output value
has been calculated.
The minimum time is 100 ms (if only one analog input is processed) and the
maximum is 500 ms (if four analog inputs plus the reference junction are
processed).
Figure 2-6 shows an example of the processing sequence when only three analog
inputs are used.
Conversion times
Startup
Analog input 0
Analog input 1
Analog input 2
Analog input 3
Figure 2-6
100 ms
Controller
channel 0
100 ms
Controller
channel 1
not used
(0 ms)
100 ms
Controller
channel 2
Controller
channel 3
In the example shown in Figure 2-6 the sampling time for each controller is
calculated as follows:
tscan = 4 x 100 ms = 400 ms.
2-14
Structure of FM 355-2
The FM 355-2 controllers can be cascaded in any way; that is, you can switch
the manipulated value of a controller channel to the setpoint of another
controller channel.
If you select the setting analog input is not processed at an analog input, the
controller channel with the same number is also not processed. No additional
sampling time is therefore required for this analog input.
If the reference junction input is used, it requires the same conversion time as
an analog input (100 ms).
The sampling time for a controller is the sum of the conversion times of the
analog inputs used plus the conversion time of the reference junction input.
In Control mode, the operating mode of the controller does not change and
you can select the following reactions in the Switch safety setpoint window.
Last valid setpoint value
If setpoint value selection by function block is set, the last specified value
of the setpoint is retained after a CPU failure.
A setpoint determined by the setpoint value of an FM controller or analog
input changes to the corresponding selected value.
Safe setpoint value
The FM controller corrects the value to the safety setpoint.
2-15
Structure of FM 355-2
Backup mode
If the CPU goes into STOP or fails, or the connection between the FM 355-2 and
the CPU fails, the FM 355-2 goes into backup mode and continues its control with
the parameters valid at the time of error.
These options are available, depending on the configuration:
Firmware update
For upgrades and bugfixes it is possible to download firmware updates to the
operating system memory of FM 355-2. You can execute this function in
HW Config > PLC > Update firmware....
2-16
3
on page
3.1
3-2
3.2
3-4
3-1
3.1
Fixed addressing
With fixed addressing, the start address is determined by the slot. For information
on the start address of an analog module in the specific slots refer to the tables in
the S7-300 CPU; Assembly, CPU data manual.
You can also calculate this fixed start address using the following equation:
Address = 256 + (rack no. * 128) + (slot no. - 4) * 16
3-2
User-specific addressing
For user-specific addressing you specify the module start address under STEP 7.
3-3
3.2
Tools required
You will require a screwdriver with a 4.5 mm blade for the installation and removal
of the FM 355-2.
Installation procedure
Below is a description of how to mount the FM 355-2 on the profile rail. Further
information on module installation is found in the manual S7-300 CPU; Installation,
CPU Data.
1. Switch the CPU to STOP mode.
2. The FM 355-2 is supplied with a bus connector. Plug it into the bus connector of
the module mounted on the left of the FM 355-2. (The bus connector is located
at the rear side. You may have to loosen the module once again to access it).
3. Hang the FM 355-2 onto the rail and swing it down.
4. Screw-tighten the FM 355-2 (tightening torque approx. 0.8 ... 1.1 N/m).
If you want to mount further modules to the right of the FM 355-2 , first connect
the bus connector of the next module to the right-hand backplane bus
connector of the FM 355-2.
If the FM 355-2 is the last module in the rack, do not install a bus connector.
5. Label the FM 355-2 with its slot number. Use the number wheel supplied with
the CPU for this purpose.
For information on how to number the module and insert the slot number label,
please refer to the manual S7-300 CPU; Assembly, CPU Data.
6. Mount the shielding terminal element.
3-4
Removal procedure
Below is a description on how to remove the FM 355-2. Further information on
module removal is found in the manual S7-300 CPU; Assembly, CPU Data.
1. Switch off the supply voltage L+ at the front connector.
2. Switch the CPU to STOP mode.
3. Open the front panels. If necessary, remove the labeling strips.
4. Release the front connectors and pull them out.
5. Loosen the fixing screws on the module.
6. Swing the module off the DIN rail and remove it.
7. Mount the new module if applicable.
Further notes
Further information on module installation and removal is found in the manual
S7-300 CPU; Assembly, CPU Data
3-5
3-6
on page
4.1
4-2
4.2
4-9
4.3
4-11
4-1
4.1
SF
Front connector
Backup
9
1
Ic+
L+
Ic-
Ic+
Ic-
CH1
Ic+
0..500
CH2
Ic-
0..500
CH3
Ic+
0..500
CH4
Ic-
0..500
MANA
355-2CH00-0AE0
Figure 4-1
4-2
Terminal
Analog
input
Name
Function
Terminal
Analog
output
Name
L+
Ic+
I0
Digital input
Ic
I1
Digital input
M +:
I2
Digital input
I3
Digital input
Ic+
I4
Digital input
Ic
I5
Digital input
M +:
I6
Digital input
I7
Digital input
10
10
11
11
12
Ic+
12
Ic
13
14
M +:
14
15
15
13
2
16
17
19
20
MANA
Q1
MANA
Q2
16
Ic
17
M +:
18
19
20
MANA
MANA
Analog output
Ic+
3
18
Q0
Q3
3
MANA
Note
You must establish a low-impedance connection between the MANA (see
Figure 4-1) terminals and CPU ground. If you supply the transducers with an
external voltage, you must also interconnect the ground of this external voltage
and of the CPU.
4-3
S
F
Front connector
Back
up
0
1
Ic+
2
3
8
9
7
1
L+
Ic
Ic+
Ic
Ic+
Ic
Ic+
Ic
MANA
355-2SH00-0AE0
Figure 4-2
4-4
Function
L+
Constant current
line (pos.)
I0
Digital input
Ic
Constant current
line (neg.)
I1
Digital input
M +:
Measurement line
(pos.)
I2
Digital input
Measurement line
(neg.)
I3
Digital input
Ic+
Constant current
line (pos.)
I4
Digital input
Ic
Constant current
line (neg.)
I5
Digital input
M +:
Measurement line
(pos.)
I6
Digital input
Measurement line
(neg.)
I7
Digital input
Function
Ic+
Name
10
10
11
11
12
Ic+
Constant current
line (pos.)
12
13
Ic
Constant current
line (neg.)
13
M +:
Measurement line
(pos.)
14
14
Q0
Digital output
With step controller:
Manipulated variable high signal
With pulse controller:
Manipulated variable A
Q1
Digital output
With step controller:
Manipulated variable low signal
With pulse controller:
Manipulated variable B
Q2
Digital output
With step controller:
Manipulated variable high signal
With pulse controller:
Manipulated variable A
Q3
Digital output
With step controller:
Manipulated variable low signal
With pulse controller:
Manipulated variable B
4-5
Table 4-2
TermiAnanal
log
input
Name
Function
15
Measurement line
(neg.)
15
16
Ic+
Constant current
line (pos.)
16
17
Ic
Constant current
line (neg.)
17
18
M+
Measurement line
(pos.)
18
19
Measurement line
(neg.)
19
MANA
20
Q4
Digital output
With step controller:
Manipulated variable high signal
With pulse controller:
Manipulated variable A
Q5
Digital output
With step controller:
Manipulated variable low signal
With pulse controller:
Manipulated variable B
Q6
Digital output
With step controller:
Manipulated variable high signal
With pulse controller:
Manipulated variable A
Q7
Digital output
With step controller:
Manipulated variable low signal
With pulse controller:
Manipulated variable B
20
Function
Note
You must establish a low-impedance connection between terminal 20 M20 ANA
(see Figure 4-2) and CPU ground. If you supply the transducers with an external
voltage, you must also interconnect the ground of this external voltage and of the
CPU.
4-6
Caution
For the 24 VDC power supply module, you must always use a safety extra-low
voltage of 60 VDC which is definitely isolated from line voltage. Protective
isolation can be realized, for example, in compliance with:
VDE 0100 Part 410/HD 384-4-41 / IEC 364-4-41 (as functional extra-low
voltage with safety isolation)
VDE 0805 / EN 60950 / IEC 950 (as safety extra-low voltage SELV)
VDE 0106 part 101
Note
Inductive appliances (e.g. relays and contactors) can be connected without
external circuitry. For SIMATIC output circuits with inductive appliances which can
be switched off by means of auxiliary contacts (e.g. relay contacts), you must
provide an additional (surge) overvoltage protection (see the following example of
overvoltage protection).
4-7
SIMATIC S7
PLC
Figure 4-3
With diode
Figure 4-4
4-8
4.2
Cables
There are some rules for you to observe when selecting cables:
Connecting cables for the digital inputs I0 ... I7 must be shielded if their length
exceeds 600 meters.
You must terminate the shielding of analog signal cables both at the sensor
and close to the module, for example via the shielding terminal attachment.
Use flexible cables with conductor cross-sections of 0.25 ... 1.5 mm2.
A wire end ferrule is not required. If you use wire end ferrules, use only the
short version to DIN 46228 Form A, without insulation collar .
Note
You must short-circuit open analog inputs and connect them to MANA.
Wiring steps
Wire the front connector as follows:
1. Place the front connector into the wiring position and open the front panel.
2. Strip the cables (length 6 mm).
3. Are you using wire end ferrules?
If yes: Crimp the wire end ferrules.
4. Feed the enclosed strain relief into the front connector.
5. If the cable exit is at the bottom, wire the connector starting at the bottom,
otherwise start at the top. Tighten the screws of all terminals not used
(Tightening torque 0.6 ... 0.8 N/m).
6. Tighten the cable strain relief.
7. Push the front connector into the working position.
8. Terminate the shielding across the shielding termination element or shielding
busbar.
9. Label the terminals on the labeling strip.
4-9
Figure 4-5
4-10
4.3
No controller active
4-11
4-12
Prerequisites
STEP 7 Version 5.1 Servicepack 4 or later must be correctly installed on your
PG/PC.
Shipping
The software on CD-ROM is shipped with the module.
Installation
This is how you install the software:
1. Insert the CD in the CD-ROM drive of your PG/PC.
2. In the dialog, select your CD-ROM drive and run Setup.exe to start installation.
3. Follow the step-by-step instructions of the install wizard.
This software will be installed on your PG/PC:
Configuration software
Function blocks
Program samples
Online Help
Program samples
The program samples are found in the STEP 7 catalog, in the project
zEn28_01_FMTemp under subcatalog Examples.
5-1
Online Help
You parameter assignment application offers an Online Help when you configure
the FM 355-2. You have the following choices of calling the Online Help:
With a click on the help button in the specific parameter assignment screen
forms.
Compared to the manual, the Online Help describes module configuration in closer
detail.
5-2
6
on page
6.1
Error signal
6-3
6.1.1
Set-value/cascade controller
6-4
6.1.2
6-5
6.1.3
6-6
6.1.4
Signal selection for the setpoint value, actual value, the D input
and disturbance variable
6-7
6.1.5
Setpoint pre-processing
6-7
6.1.6
6-8
6.1.7
Interrupt
6-9
6.2
Control algorithm
6-10
6.2.1
Dead band
6-10
6.2.2
6-11
6.2.3
Cooling
6-17
6.2.4
Control band
6-18
6.3
Controller output
6-19
6.3.1
6-19
6.3.2
6-21
6.3.3
6-23
6.3.4
6-26
6.3.5
6-27
6-1
Controllers
Each controller of an FM 355-2 channel consists of the following configurable
blocks:
Error
Pre-processing the setpoint value and actual value
Signal selection for the setpoint value, actual value, the D input and
disturbance variable
Control algorithm
PID controller, dead band, cooling and control zone
Controller output
Manipulated value conversion
Manipulated value pre-processing
Controller
+
Error
Figure 6-1
Control algorithm
Controller output
6-2
Pulse controller
6.1
Error signal
The formation of an error signal has the same basic structure for all controller
types possible in the FM 355 2 C and FM 355 2 S.
The setpoint and actual value are pre-processed accordingly to generate an
effective setpoint and actual value. The effective actual value is subtracted from
the effective setpoint value. The difference (error signal) is applied to the controller.
You can select the setpoint and actual value signal. This offers a universal range of
application for the FM 355-2 (see Table 6-1, Page 6-7).
The structure of the error signal depends on the controller structure you have
selected. The differences are explained in Chapters 6.1.1 through 6.1.3.
6-3
6.1.1
Set-value/cascade controller
Setpoint pre-processing
Setpoint
Switch safety Ramp
setpoint
Limit
Effective
setpoint
Error
signal
Interrupt
Actual value A
D input
Disturbance variable
Figure 6-2
6-4
6.1.2
Setpoint
Switch safety Ramp
setpoint
Limit
Add
(Factor for actual value B)
(Factor for actual value C)
(Offset)
Actual value A
Effective
setpoint
Error
signal
Interrupt
Effective actual value
Actual value B
D input
Actual value C
Disturbance variable
Figure 6-3
6-5
6.1.3
Setpoint pre-processing
Multiply
Setpoint
Switch safety Ramp
setpoint
Limit/scaling
Effective
setpoint
Error signal
Actual value D
Interrupt
Actual value A
D input
Disturbance variable
Figure 6-4
6-6
6.1.4
Signal selection for the setpoint value, actual value, the D input
and disturbance variable
You can choose various signal sources for the setpoint value, the actual value, the
value at the D input (derivative input) and for the disturbance variable of each
controller channel. The following table shows an overview of the signal sources
you can select.
Table 6-1
Signal source selection for the setpoint value, actual value, D input and the
disturbance variable
Signal Source
Affected Values
Setpoint
Zero
The pre-processed analog value from an analog input
(The actual values B and C can also be weighted by factors)
Actual value D
Disturbance variable
6.1.5
Zero
The pre-processed analog value from an analog input
The manipulated value of another controller channel
The error signal following the dead band from its own controller
channel
Setpoint pre-processing
You have the following options of configuring setpoint pre-processing to generate
an effective setpoint:
6-7
Ramp
You can select ramp for the physical start-to-end range to limit the rate of
change of the setpoint.
Limit/Scaling
If the setpoint is determined by the function block or is a pre-processed analog
value of an analog input, the setpoint is limited to a definable lower and upper
limit.
The setpoint value of a controller output selected as setpoint for a ratio
controller forms a multiplication factor for actual value D. In this case, the
%-setpoint at the input is scaled with the help of the upper and lower limit value,
via the Limit/Scaling button.
The manipulated value of another controller used as setpoint for a fixed setpoint
or cascade controller is scaled to a physical value with the help of the scaling
constants of the selected actual value channel.
Multiplication
Actual value D and actual value A as setpoint are used to form the ratio variable
for ratio controllers. The setpoint input represents the ratio factor This factor
pre-processed to generate an effective setpoint, by multiplication with actual
value D and addition of a configurable offset value. If actual value D is switched
off, only the offset is added to the setpoint.
6.1.6
6-8
6.1.7
Interrupt
FM 355-2 is equipped with a limit value monitoring circuit. This allows you to
monitor
that is, upper/lower warning and interrupt limits. You can also configure a
hysteresis for these limits.
Bit is set
Actual value or
error signal
Bit is not
set
Lower warning or
interrupt limit
Incoming interrupts
Upper warning or
interrupt limit
Outgoing interrupts
Hysteresis
Figure 6-5
6-9
6.2
Control algorithm
The structure of the closed loop controller (FM 355-2 C) and pulse controller
(FM 355-2 S) control algorithm is identical. The cooling and control zone buttons
can not be selected for step controllers (FM 355-2 S).
Effective
manipulated
value
PID
Error signal
Dead time
Cooling
Control zone
D input
Disturbance variable
Figure 6-6
6.2.1
Dead band
A dead band circuit is connected in series to the PID controller. In settled state of
the controller, this dead band suppresses noise potential on the control error signal
which can be generated by a high-frequency interference on the control or
reference variable. Thus, it prevents unwanted oscillation of the controller output.
The dead band width is adjustable. If the error signal is within the set dead band
width, the value 0 (error signal = 0) is output at the dead band output. The output
will only follow the input variable after this variable is out of sensitivity range.
This also causes distortion of a transmitted signal which is out of range of the dead
band. However, this is tolerated in order to avoid jumps at the limits of the dead
band. This distortion is proportional to the value of the dead band width and is
therefore easy to control.
Error signal at the
dead band output
Figure 6-7
6-10
Dead time
6.2.2
Zero
Disturbance variable
P_SEL
SP
GAIN
ER
DISV
P
PFAC_SP
LMN
TI
D
TD
Figure 6-8
Feedforward control:
A disturbance variable DISV can be additionally applied to the controllers output
signal.
6-11
Note
If you move the derivative component to the feedback path, you should also
reduce the value of PFAC_SP. Otherwise, you would increase overshoot of the
actual value.
GAIN
ER
P
I
-1
PV
Figure 6-9
LMN
6-12
Proportional control
The integral and derivative action is switched off in a proportional controller. That
is, the manipulated variable is also 0 when the error signal ER = 0. You can set
the operating point to 0, that is, a numeric value for the manipulated variable with
error signal = 0, via the operating point parameters:
Automatic operating point: When you switch from manual to auto mode, the
controller automatically sets the operating point to the value of the current
(manual) manipulated variable.
Manual operating point: You can configure the operating point parameters.
Example:
P_SEL
P
GAIN
ER
Automatic
LMN
not automatic
Operating point
Figure 6-10
Error signal
Manipulated variable
ER(t)
t
Figure 6-11
6-13
PI control
The derivative component is disabled in a PI controller (TD=0.0). A PI controller
adjusts the output variable via the integral component until the error signal ER = 0.
However, this only applies if the output variable does not exceed the correcting
range. The integrator maintains the value it has at the point where the limits of the
manipulated value are exceeded (Anti-Reset-Windup).
Error signal
Manipulated
variable
Manipulated
variable (t)
GAIN * ER0
GAIN * ER(t)
ER(t)
GAIN * ER0
t
TI
Figure 6-12
Note
A step controller is always subject to pulse action at the changeover from manual
to automatic mode. The existing error signal and GAIN leads to a jump in the
internal manipulated variable. The integral effect of the actuator, however, results
in a ramp-shaped excitation of the process.
6-14
Integral control
You can switch off the proportional component of a PI controller to obtain a purely
integral control. This is also possible via the parameter P_SEL of function block
FMT_PID.
PD control
The integral component is disabled in a PD controller (TI=0.0). That is, the output
signal = 0 when the error signal ER = 0. You can set the operating point to 0 that is, a numeric value for the manipulated variable with error signal = 0 - via the
operating point parameters:
Automatic operating point: When you switch from manual to auto mode, the
controller automatically sets the operating point to the value of the current
(manual) manipulated variable.
Manual operating point: You can configure the operating point parameters.
the smaller is the effective time constant TD/D_F of the delay and
ER(t)
GAIN * ER0
TD
D_F
Figure 6-13
6-15
PID control
Proportional/integral/derivative action is enabled in a PID controller. A PID
controller adjusts the output variable via the integral component until the error
signal ER = 0. However, this only applies if the output variable does not exceed
the compensation range. The integrator maintains the value it has at the point
where the limits of the manipulated value are exceeded (Anti-Reset-Windup).
The PD controller generates a proportional component of the input variable ER(t)
for the output signal and then adds the derivative component that is generated by
differentiation and integration of ER(t). The time response is determined by the
derivative action time TD (rate time) and the integration time TI (reset time).
For signal smoothing and interference suppression, the derivative action is realized
with a delay circuit of the first order.
The higher your derivative factor D_F,
the smaller is the effective time constant TD/D_F of the delay and
GAIN * ER0
GAIN * ER0
ER(t)
TD
D_F
TI
Figure 6-14
6-16
6.2.3
Cooling
The different control loop gain of closed-loop controllers and pulse controllers is
taken into account via the ratio factor RATIOFAC:
If RATIOFAC <> 0.0, a manipulated value < 0.0 is multiplied by RATIOFAC.
The effective controller gain in the cooling range is therefore RATIOFAC*GAIN.
Note
You require manipulated variable B when you switch on split-range mode for
cooling/heating. Thus, you will have to configure the limit of the lower manipulated
value LMN_LLM (e.g. -100.0 %) and the split-range function accordingly.
6-17
6.2.4
Control band
If CONZ_ON = TRUE, the closed-loop controller or pulse controller operates with a
control zone. This means that the controller is operated according to the following
algorithm:
LMN_HLM is output (manual control) if the error signal is higher than the
positive control zone CON_ZONE.
If the error signal stays within the hysteresis of the control zone, the value
calculated by the PID algorithm is fed forward without changes (automatic
control).
A hysteresis of 20% of the control zone is maintained for the transition between
manual and automatic control.
Note
Before you switch on the control zone manually, make sure the setting of the
control zone band is not too small. If the control zone band is too small, the
manipulated variable and actual value trend.
If split-range mode for cooling/heating control is not enabled, the ratio factor must
be RATIOFAC=0.0. A RATIOFAC unintentionally set to <> 0.0, leads to the
following problems:
The negative control zone (effective with negative step) is additionally divided
by the value RATIOFAC.
6-18
6.3
Controller output
6.3.1
Table 6-2
Configurable parameters
Switching between the external and the effective manipulated value from
the controller can be done in one of the following ways:
Correction input
Switch compensation
You can toggle between the manipulated value and the compensation
input as follows:
6-19
Table 6-2
Configurable parameters
FM 355-2 goes into auto mode (see Chapter 2.5, Page 2-13
Startup response),
Generating manipulated
values for split-range mode
pulse shaper
(only FM 355-2 S)
The structure of the controller output block of the control unit varies, depending on
the type of controller (closed-loop controller, pulse controller, step controller
with/without position feedback.
6-20
6.3.2
External
manipulated
value
Effective
manipulated
value
Manipulated
value
Switch compensation
Switch safety
manipulated
value
Limit
Manipulated
value A
Manipulated
value B
Correction input
Figure 6-15
Split-range
Split-range
With the help of the split-range function you can excite two control valves with only
one manipulated variable. The split-range function uses the manipulated value
LMN as input signal to generate the two output signals manipulated value A and
manipulated value B.
Output signal
manipulated value A
Figure 6-16
6-21
Output signal
manipulated value B
Start of output
signal range
End of output
signal range
Figure 6-17
The start value of the input signal range must be lower than its end value.
Analog output
At the analog output you can select which signal to output for each channel. You
can use this signal for the linearization of an output value.
Manipulated value A
Manipulated value B
This is how you can linearize a thermocouple signal and convert it to a range of
0 to 10 V, for example.
6-22
6.3.3
External
manipulated
value
Effective
manipulated
value
Manipulated value
Switch compensation
Switch safety
manipulated
value
Limit
Split-range/
pulse shaper
Correction input
Figure 6-18
Split-range/Pulse shaper
The split-range function pre-processes the analog signal for analog to digital
conversion.
Only manipulated value A is relevant to a two-component controller (e.g. a heating
controller). The conversion of the manipulated value to manipulated value A is
shown in Figure 6-19. The output signal is converted to a digital signal, whereby
the pulse width / period ratio is proportional to manipulated value A at the assigned
digital output.
For example, a manipulated value A of 40% at a 60-second period will result in a
pulse width of 24 seconds and an interpulse width of 36 seconds.
For information on the assignment of digital outputs to controller channels refer to
Table 6-2, Page 6-19.
Output signal manipulated
value A
End of the output
signal range
Figure 6-19
6-23
With a three-component controller (e.g. a cooling and heating controller) the above
specifications apply to manipulated value A. The second signal for cooling control
is generated with manipulated value B. Conversion of the manipulated value to
manipulated value A and B is shown in Figure 6-20. The output signal is converted
to a digital signal, whereby the pulse width/period ratio is proportional to
manipulated value A or B at the assigned digital outputs.
For information on the assignment of digital outputs to controller channels refer to
Table 6-2, Page 6-19.
Manipulated value A
Manipulated value B
Figure 6-20
The pulse shaper converts the analog manipulated value LMN_A or LMN_B by
means of pulse width modulation to a pulse sequence with its own configurable
period.
100
LMN_A
or
LMN_B
80
50
50
30
0
QLMNUP
1
0
Cycle time
Period
Figure 6-21
6-24
The pulse width per period is proportional to the manipulated variable. The
equation is:
Pulse width = Period * manipulated value/100
Due to the suppression of minimum pulse/interpulse width the conversion curve
contains break points in the start and end range.
Length of the positive pulse
Period
Period - minimum
pulse width
Minimum interpulse
width
100.0 %
0.0 %
Figure 6-22
Minimum
pulse width
Period
Figure 6-23
Period
Minimum
interpulse width
Period
6-25
6.3.4
External
manipulated
value
Effective
manipulated
value
Enable
external
manipulated value
Manipulated
value
Switch compensation
Switch safety
manipulated
value
Limit
Pulse
shaper
Correction input
Figure 6-24
External manipulated
value
Effective manipulated value
Figure 6-25
Pulse
shaper
The external manipulated value and the safety manipulated value have the
following effect on a step controller without analog position feedback:
When you preset a value between 40.0% and 60.0%, no digital output will be set.
The final controlling element remains unchanged.
When you preset a value > 60.0%, Actuating signal is high will be output until the
feedback signal Actuator has reached upper end stop is triggered.
When you preset a value 40.0%, Actuating signal is low will be output until the
feedback signal Final controlling element has reached lower end stop is triggered.
6-26
Pulse shaper
The pulse shaper of the step controller converts the analog manipulated value to
pulse signals. You can adapt the response threshold of the three-component
element to reduce the switching frequency of the controller. Make sure the physical
motor actuating time matches your parameter settings.
6.3.5
Note
To ensure optimal compensation of the controller when it reaches the control limits
and for quick release out of the limit range, the limits of the manipulated values
LMN_HLM and LMN_LLM must match the limits which actually affect the process.
For example, if control output B is not wired (or if the split-range function of a
closed-loop controller is disabled), you should configure LMN_LLM according to
the low limit of split-range function A. The normal setting is here 0.0%.
6-27
6-28
Controller tuning
In chapter
on page
7.1
Overview
7-2
7.2
Process types
7-3
7.3
Area of application
7-5
7.4
7-6
7.5
Preparations
7-9
7.6
7-12
7.7
7-16
7.8
7-17
7.9
Cooling tuning
7-18
7.10
7-21
7.11
Tuning result
7-23
7.12
7-25
7.13
7-25
7.14
7-28
7.15
7-31
7.16
7-33
7-1
Controller tuning
7.1
Overview
The FM 355-2 auto-tuning feature automatically sets the PI/PID controller
parameters. You can tune heating and cooling processes as well as split-range
processes with two counteracting final controlling elements (e.g. the final
controlling elements for heating and cooling processes).
There are two tuning options:
Tuning by operating point approach with a setpoint jump (e.g. when heating up
the ambient temperature to the operating point)
In both cases the process is excited by a configurable setpoint jump. After a point
of inflection is found, the PI/PID controller parameters are available, the controller
switches to automatic mode and continues control with these parameters.
You can tune the controller with the help of the wizard included in your parameter
assignment application, or via FB FMT_PID and OP.
Cooling tuning
For controls operating with two counteracting final controlling elements (final
controlling element for the heating and cooling process), FM 355-2 determines
the process gain ratio (heating/cooling gain) after a manipulated value jump,
using the cooling final controlling element.
7-2
Controller tuning
7.2
Process types
Besides process gain GAIN_P, the parameters shown in the Figure are
characteristic for a process: Equivalent dead time TU and Equivalent time constant
TA.
The figure below shows the step response:
Process response
to a manipulated
value jump
Inflection point
T
TU
Figure 7-1
TA
Step response
With a manipulated variable excitation of 0 to 100%, you can read the maximum
actual value ramp response time per second at the inflection point: KIG =
100*GAIN_P / TA.
The table below shows the various processes you can use on the FM 355-2:
Table 7-1
Process types
Process type I
Process type II
Intermediate range
TU/TA> 0.1
Two approximately
equivalent time constants
Note
Controlled systems with TU/TA>0.3 are normally difficult to control.
7-3
Controller tuning
7-4
Type of process
Equivalent
dead time
TU
0.5 to 1 min
5 to 15 min
up to 1 KIG
1 to 5 min
10 to 20 min
up to 0.3 KIG
0.2 to 5 min
3 to 60 min
up to 0.02 to 0.5
KIG
Autoclaves
10 to 20 min
High-pressure autoclaves
12 to 15 min
0.5 to 3 min
3 to 30 min
Extruders
1 to 6 min
5 to 60 min
Packaging machines
0.5 to 4 min
3 to 40 min
Destilling column
1 to 7 min
40 to 60 min
Steam superheater
1 to 4 min
0.03 KIG
Room heating
1 to 5 min
10 to 60 min
0.02 KIG
Controller tuning
7.3
Area of application
Transient response
The process must have a stable, asymptotic transient response with time lag.
The actual value must settle to steady state after a jump of the manipulated
variable, . This therefore excludes processes that already show an oscillating
response without control, as well as processes with no compensation (integrator in
the control system).
7-5
Controller tuning
7.4
Set TUN_ON = TRUE to set the controller ready for tuning. Tuning changes
from phase 0 to phase 1.
Table 7-2
Tuning phases
Description
PHASE
7-6
Ready to start tuning; check parameters, wait for excitation, measure the
sampling times
3 (1 cycle)
4 (1 cycle)
Controller design
5 (1 cycle)
6 (1 cycle)
Controller tuning
The figure below shows the phases for tuning the ratio between the ambient
temperature and the operating point, initiated by a setpoint jump:
PHASE=3, 4, 5, 6
(one cycle each)
PHASE=0
PHASE=1
PHASE=0 in typical temperature processes without disturbance, otherwise Phase=7 with estimated process type II or
III
PHASE=2
Temperature
LMN
PHASE=0
SP
PHASE=7
TUN_DLMN
Heated
process
state
(operating
point)
PV
LMN
Inflection
point
Cold process
state
TUN_ON: Is reset
by the module
Figure 7-2
Tuning phases
7-7
Controller tuning
The figure below shows the phases of tuning at the operating point, initiated by
TUN_ST = TRUE:
PHASE=3, 4, 5, 6
(one cycle)
Temperature
PHASE=0
PHASE=1
PHASE
=2
PHASE=0
PV
LMN
Inflection
point
TUN_DLMN
Is reset by the
module
t
TUN_ON
TUN_ST
Figure 7-3
At the end of tuning and (see Chapter 7.11, Page 7-23) and when the block returns
to phase 0 and sets TUN_ON=FALSE, you can verify error-free tuning at
parameter STATUS_H/C.
7-8
Controller tuning
7.5
Preparations
Warning
Death, serious injury or substantial damage to assets may occur.
The MAN_ON parameter is disabled during tuning. Also, compensation circuits
derived of interrupt limits have no effect. This can cause unwanted - even extreme
- changes of manipulated values or actual values.
The manipulated value is determined in the tuning process. To abort tuning, you
must set TUN_ON = FALSE. This re-enables LMN_REON.
7-9
Controller tuning
Note
Do not modify the manipulated variable shortly before you start tuning. A change
of the manipulated variable may also be caused unintentionally by an attempt to
establish test conditions (e.g. closing a furnace door)! If this has happened
nonetheless, you must wait at least for the actual value to settle to steady state
after an asymptotic transition. You will, however, improve controller parameters by
waiting until the transients have decayed completely.
7-10
Controller tuning
Impermissible
PHASE=1
Still permissible
quasi-statical
state
PHASE=1
Non-stationary state
Manipulated value
PV
Time
Figure 7-4
Note
In Phase 1 you should only delay process excitation until the module was able to
determine the mean value of the manipulated variable and the initial rise of the
actual value (typically: 1 minute).
7-11
Controller tuning
7.6
If you
with PI parameters.
Note
If excitation is too sharp compared to the setpoint jump, the actual value can
overshoot heavily (up to factor 3) (see also Chapter 7.13, Page 7-25).
TUN_DLMN must nonetheless be high enough to ensure that the actual value
reaches at least 22% of the setpoint jump. Otherwise, the process would remain in
tuning mode (Phase 2).
Remedy: Reduce the setpoint value during inflection point tracking.
7-12
Controller tuning
Caution
When you to start tuning by setting TUN_ST/TUN_CST as well as a setpoint jump,
the following priority applies: Set TUN_ST before TUN_CST, before the setpoint
jump.
Safety off at 75% is not available when you excite the process via TUN_ST.
Tuning is terminated after the point of inflection is reached. However, in noisy
processes the point of inflection may be significantly exceeded.
7-13
Controller tuning
STATUS_H/C = 30001
|TUN_DLMN| or |Effective
TUN_DLMN| < 5 % (End of
phase 1)
STATUS_H/C = 30002/30004
Transition in Phase 0
TUN_ON = FALSE
Comment
Can not occur in the wizard, as the
status of TUN_ST and TUN_CST
is set to FALSE in the first screen
form.
Transition in phase 99
(Phase 0 in a parallel tuning
process)
For step controllers without
analog position feedback only
|Effective TUN_DLMN| < 5 %
(Start of phase 2)
STATUS_H = 30002
Transition in Phase 0
TUN_ON = FALSE
If TUN_CST:
STATUS_C = 30002/30004
|TUN_CLMN| or |Effective
TUN_CLMN| < 5 % (End of
phase 1)
Transition in Phase 0
TUN_ON = FALSE
7-14
Controller tuning
Table 7-3
If TUN_CST:
STATUS_C = 30003
Transition to Phase 0
TUN_ON = FALSE
Comment
The low limit value LMN_LLM is
too high (e.g. 0%) and therefore
prevents output of cooling power.
STATUS_C = 30008
STATUS_C = 30009
Transition to Phase 0
TUN_ON = FALSE
Transition in Phase 0
TUN_ON = FALSE
7-15
Controller tuning
7.7
Note
When the process is excited by a setpoint jump, tuning is terminated when the
actual value exceeds 75% of the setpoint jump (SP-PV0) (see below).
Phase 3, 4, 5 and 6 are then executed once. Tuning mode is then terminated and
tuning is returned to phase 0. The controller now always starts in automatic mode,
with LMN = LMN0 + 0.75*TUN_DLMN (this applies, too, if you have operated with
manual control prior to the start of tuning).
Now check the controller function.
7-16
Controller tuning
7.8
Note
It is basically possible to start heating tuning during the cooling process. In this
case, however, the order will not be checked in phase 7.
The reverse case (to start cooling optimization during the heating process) is not
critical, as phase 7 is never executed in the cooling tuning process!
7-17
Controller tuning
7.9
Cooling tuning
Working order
After a step of the manipulated value, FM 355-2 uses the final cooling controlling
element to determine the process gain ratio RATIOFAC (heating/cooling gain) for
controls operating with two counteracting final controlling elements (final controlling
element for the heating and cooling process). The width of the control zone
CON_ZONE is also recalculated. The other controller parameters remain
unchanged.
Prerequisites
You can only tune cooling following a successful heating tuning process. You must
repeat heating tuning if the voltage supply to the FM 355-2 fails!
You can start cooling tuning during the heating process (steady state LMN >
0%) as well as during the cooling process (steady state LMN < 0%):
Conditional for starting cooling tuning is, that the heating and cooling signals
can be concurrently effective in the process.
Start
7-18
After the actual value has settled at the operating point, set tuning mode on the
FM 355-2 with TUN_ON=TRUE. Tuning changes from phase 0 to phase 1.
After a waiting time in phase 1, start cooling tuning with TUN_CST = TRUE.
Controller tuning
7-19
Controller tuning
PHASE=, 3, 5, 6
(one cycle)
Temperature
PHASE=0
PHASE=1
PHASE
=2
PHASE=0
Inflection
point
TUN_CLMN
Actual value at the operating point
TUN_CST
Figure 7-5
7-20
Controller tuning
7.10
No cooling tuning.
Note
The motor actuating time is not determined in the tuning process. Rather, it must
be measure or determined prior to the start of tuning using the Test > Determine
motor actuating time function of your parameter assignment application.
Controller design
The motor actuating time MTR_TM should be small compared to the inflection
point time T_P_INF and the equivalent dead time TU (see Chapter 8.5, Page
8-20).
Controllers with a softer action are automatically generated for longer motor
actuating times.
The higher the process excitation TUN_DLMN, the higher is the influence of the
motor actuating time on the controller design.
PI or PID parameters
PI parameters are attenuated by 25% compared to a controller designed for
closed-loop controllers and pulse controllers. PID parameters are also determined
(but without the 25% safety margin). The PID parameters should only be used if
the motor actuating time is not too high compared to the process parameters and
when the load on the final controlling element stays within the hysteresis due to the
derivative action.
7-21
Controller tuning
7-22
Controller tuning
7.11
Tuning result
The left numeral of STATUS_H/C indicates the tuning status (for details refer to the
Appendix C):
Table 7-4
Tuning result
STATUS_H/C
Result:
10000
2xxxx
Control parameters have been found via estimated values; check the
control response or check the STATUS_H diagnostic message and
repeat controller tuning.
3xxxx
After the recognition of the inflection point in phase 6, the following controller
parameters are updated on the FM 355-2 and at the online instance DB of FB
FMT_PID:
Controller GAIN
P_SEL = TRUE (even if it was previously a controller with integral action only)
7-23
Controller tuning
Note
Verify correct operation of your controller parameters immediately after the
controller tuning process is completed.
Split-range function
During tuning, the gradient of the split-range function is added to the process. If
you want to modify the gradient of the split-range function after tuning, you must
adapt the controllers GAIN parameter accordingly.
At the end of the tuning process, upload the controller parameter data to your
parameter assignment application (upload to PG); save, compile and download
your hardware configuration; the tuned controller parameters are now stored in
the SDB.
Regardless of this, you should also save the tuned controller parameters to the
offline storage area of your project.
Note
The PI, PID and SAVE parameter records can not be stored in the SDB.
The correlation between SDB (System data), instance DB, parameter assignment
application and FM 355-2 is described in Chapter 2.4, Page 2-10.
7-24
Controller tuning
7.12
7.13
7-25
Controller tuning
The schematic below illustrates the overshoot of the actual value when the
excitation is too strong (process type III):
PHASE
=0
PHASE=1
PHASE=2
PHASE=0
PHASE=0
Tuning aborted at 75%
Temp. LMN
TUN_DLMN
LMN
PV as a result
of an unchanged LMN
Inflection
point
PV
Cold process
state
SP
75% SP
Warm process
state (operating
point)
SP
LMN
t
TUN_ON
t
Figure 7-6
Note
A special case of a pure PT1 process is indicated by STATUS_H/C = 2x2xx
(TU < sampling time). In this case it is not necessary to repeat the attempt.
Weaken the parameters if the controller oscillate.
7-26
Controller tuning
The actual value should be sampled at least twice within one noise period. The
degree of noise should not exceed 5% of the useful signal change.
Figure 7-7
If low-frequency interference occurs, you can assume that the sampling time of
the FM 355-2 is low enough. On the other hand, the FM 355-2 must then
generate a uniform measuring signal by having a large interval in the mean
value filtering. Mean value filtering must extend over at least two noise periods.
Internally in the block, this soon results in higher sampling times so that the
accuracy of the tuning is adversely affected. Adequate accuracy is guaranteed
with at least 40 noise periods to the point of inflection. Possible measure when
you repeat the test: increase TUN_DLMN/TUN_CLMN.
Overshoot
Overshoot can occur in the following situations:
Table 7-5
Situation
End of tuning
Remedy
7-27
Controller tuning
7.14
Note
Before you switch on the control zone manually, make sure that the control zone
width is not too small. This means, the manipulated variable and actual value will
oscillate if the control zone width is too small,.
Process Type II
Intermediate range
PI
0.8
0.82
0.8
PID
0.6
0.75
0.96
Adapt the default factor (0.8) especially under the following situations:
7-28
Controller tuning
Process type I with PID (0.8 0.6): With PFAC_SP = 0.8, setpoint jumps will
still lead to approx. 18% overshoot.
Process type III with PID (0.8 0.96): With PFAC_SP = 0.8, the setpoint
jumps is attenuated too heavily. This leads to a significant loss of tuning time.
Process parameters:
GAIN = 6
GAIN = 1.45
T1 = 50 s
TI = 19.6 s
T2 = 5 s;
Actual value
Setpoint
Actual value
Manipulated value
Zoom
Figure 7-8
The table below shows - for PFAC_SP = 1.0, 0.8 and 0.0 - the respective
overshoot of the actual value following a setpoint jump from 0 to 60:
PFAC_SP
Comment
Overshoot
1.0
32%
0.8
2%
0.0
7-29
Controller tuning
Note
In all three cases, the manipulated variable has not reached the limit. The
overshoot percentage would be reduced when the limit is reached.
7-30
Controller tuning
7.15
Note
The user must ensure that the setpoint jumps are set concurrently when the
process is excited via setpoint jump.
You can use the wizard to specify the parameters PID_ON and
TUN_DLMN/TUN_CLMN for one channel only. You must specify the parameters
for the other channels in the corresponding instance DBs of FB FMT_PID before
you start tuning.
Tuning is aborted.
Tuning of all channels is aborted if an error occurs in one of the channels (Phase 0
or end of phase 1).
The user can reset tuning by setting TUN_ON=FALSE at any of the participating
channels.
When a channel goes into safety mode, tuning of all other participating channels is
also switched off.
The wizard shows only the status information of the selected channel. For all other
channels, the causes of error are found in the corresponding instance DBs.
7-31
Controller tuning
Advantage:
Each participating controller will output its tuning manipulated variable until all
controllers have exited phase 2. This avoids that the controller that completes
tuning first corrupts the tuning result of the other controller due to the change in its
manipulated variable.
Caution
When 75% of the setpoint jump is reached at one of the participating channels,
tuning is not terminated (risk of overshoot). Automatic mode is only started after all
participating controllers have terminated tuning.
7-32
Controller tuning
7.16
PFAC_SP
SAV_PFAC
GAIN
SAV_GAIN
TI
SAV_TI
TD
SAV_TD
D_F
SAV_D_F
CON_ ZONE
SAV_CONZ
RATIOFAC
SAV_RATI
CONZ_ON
SAV_CZON
P_SEL
SAV_PSEL
Note
At the end of controller tuning, the saved parameters are overwritten with
parameter data that were valid prior to tuning (Exception: this intermediate saving
operation is discarded in a cooling tuning process).
7-33
Controller tuning
Controller gain
PI_GAIN
PID_GAIN
Integration time
PI_TI
PID_TI
0.0
PID_TD
Note
Controller parameters are only written back with UNDO_PAR or LOAD_PID if
the controller gain (SAV_GAIN, PID_GAIN or PI_GAIN) is not equal to zero:
This strategy takes into account the situation that no tuning has yet been made
or that PID parameters are missing. For example, if PID_ON was TRUE and
PID_GAIN = 0.0, PID_ON is set to FALSE and the PI parameters will be
copied.
D_F, PFAC_SP are set to default values by the tuning. The user can later
modify them. LOAD_PID does not modify these parameters.
7-34
8
on page
8.1
8-3
8.1.1
8-4
8.1.2
8-5
8.1.3
8-6
8.1.4
8-7
8.1.5
8-8
8.2
8-14
8.3
8-18
8.4
8-19
8.5
8-20
8.6
8-21
Effect
FB 52 FMT_PID
For operator control and monitoring via the CPU, as well as for
online modification of controller parameters
FB 53 FMT_PAR
FB 54 FMT_CJ_T
FB 55 FMT_DS1
For reading the diagnostics data record DS1 from the module
FB 56 FMT_TUN
FB 57 FMT_PV
Instance DB assignment
Information on the assignment of the instance DBs of the FBs is found in
Appendix C.
8-1
8-2
8.1
Call
FMT_PID must be called in the same OB as all other FBs that access the same
FM 355-2.
FMT_PID is called in the watchdog interrupt OB. it requires an initialization cycle
that is triggered by setting parameters COM_RST = TRUE during startup of the
CPU. After this initialization cycle, FB FMT_PID sets the status of parameter
COM_RST to FALSE.
8-3
8.1.1
Note
You can reduce the runtime of your block (see Section A.2) if you do not set
LOAD_OP. In this case, the block accesses the I/O area of the module for fast
data transfer. The following restrictions apply:
The transfer of OP parameter data via the I/O area includes LMN_DN and is
then stopped.
Data transfer requires three to four cycles even in a local structure.
Data transfer via the I/O area is not possible when two instances of FB
FMT_PID access the same channel number of a module.
8-4
8.1.2
Note
You can reduce the runtime of your block (see Section A.2) if you do not set
READ_OUT or LOAD_OP. In this case, the block accesses the I/O area of the
module for fast data transfer. The following restrictions apply in this case:
The parameters SP (setpoint from the FM), ER (error signal), DISV
(disturbance variable), LMN_A, LMN_B, PHASE, STATUS_H, STATUS_C,
STATUS_D and ZONE_TUN are not read from the FM (see Appendix C).
Data transfer requires three to four cycles even in the local structure.
Data transfer across the I/O area is not possible when two instances of FB
FMT_PID access the same channel number of a module.
FB FMT_PID automatically sets READ_OUT = TRUE,
in a tuning process when QTUN_ON = TRUE,
and when you modify the setpoint SP_RE.
Error displays
Output parameter RET_VALU contains the return value RET_VAL of SFC 58 and
59. RET_VALU can be evaluated, if parameter READ_PAR and LOAD_PAR are
not going to be reset. The values of RET_VALU are described in the reference
manual System software for S7-300/S7-400 System and Standard Functions.
An I/O access error may occur when FMT_PID is called and FM 355-2 is missing
or not connected to power. In this case, the CPU goes into STOP if no OB 122 is
loaded in the CPU.
When a data record read/write access error occurs, QMOD_F and QCH_F will be
set. QPAR_F and QCH_F will be set if a configuration error exists.
8-5
8.1.3
Note
Note that whenever the CPU performs a startup (transition from STOP to RUN),
the parameters in the FM 355-2 are overwritten by the values in the system data
block (SDB).
CPU
System
data
Instance DBs
(max. 4) of FB
FMT_PID
FM 355-2
FB FMT_PID
LOAD_OP
READ_OUT
LOAD_PAR
READ_PAR
Figure 8-1
8-6
8.1.4
8-7
8.1.5
Setpoint from
parameter
assignment
application
SP_HLM
SP_LLM
Effective
setpoint
SP_RE
Switch safety Ramp
setpoint
Limit
Setpoint
Error
signal
QSPOPON
MONERSEL
H_ALM
H_WRN
L_WRN
L_ALM HYS
Interrupt
Actual value A
Disturbance
variable
Figure 8-2
8-8
PFAC_SP
GAIN, D_F
TI, P_SEL
DEADB_W
CONZ_ON
RATIOFAC
TD
CON_ ZONE
Effective
manipulated
value
Error signal
Dead time
Cooling
Control zone
D input
Disturbance variable
Figure 8-3
LMN_RE
LMN_REON
Manipulated
value from
parameter
assignment
application
External
manipulated
value
Effective
manipulated
value
QLMNOPON
SAFE_ON
LMN_SAFE
LMN_HLM
LMN_LLM
Manipulated
Manipulated
value A
value
LMNTRKON
Switch safety Limiting
manipulated
value
Switch compensation
Split-range
Manipulated
value B
Correction input
Figure 8-4
8-9
External
manipulated
value
Effective
manipulated
value
PULSE_TM
BREAK_TM
Manipulated
value
Switch compensation
Switch safety
manipulated
value
Split-range/
pulse shaper
Limiting
Correction input
Figure 8-5
External
manipulated
value
Effective
manipulated
value
Manipulated
MTR_TM
PULSE_TM
BREAK_TM
value
Switch compensation
Switch safety
manipulated
value
Limiting
Pulse
shaper
Correction input
Figure 8-6
8-10
Configuration software
LOW signal
HIGH signal
Operator control ON
Control signal
MTR_TM
PULSE_TM
BREAK_TM
high
Switch safety
manipulated
value
Pulse
shaper
LMNRHSRE
LMNRLSRE
Figure 8-7
The Figures 8-8 to 8-12 show at which positions in the module the output
parameters of FB FMT_PID are generated.
QUPRLM
QDNRLM
Setpoint from
parameter
assignment
application
QSP_HLM
QSP_LLM
SP_RE
Switch safety
setpoint
Ramp
Limit
Effective
setpoint
SP
ER
Error
signal
Setpoint
PV
QH_ALM
QH_WRN
QL_WRN
QL_ALM
QSPOPON
Interrupt
Actual value A
DISV
Disturbance variable
8-11
Figure 8-8
External
manipulated
value
Effective
manipulated
value
QLMNOPON
QLMN_RE
Manipulated
value from
parameter assignment application
QLMNTRK
QLMN_HLM
QLMNSAFE QLMN_LLM
LMN
Manipulated
QSPR
value
Switch safety
manipulated
value
Split-range
Limit
LMN_A
Manipulated
value A
LMN_B
Switch compensation
Manipulated
value B
Correction input
Figure 8-9
External
manipulated
value
Effective
manipulated
value
Manipulated
QLMNUP
QLMNDN
value
Switch compensation
Switch safety
manipulated
value
Limit
Split-range/
pulse shaper
Correction input
Figure 8-10
8-12
External
manipulated
value
Effective
manipulated
value
QLMNR_HS
Manipulated
QLMNR_LS
value
Switch compensation
Switch safety
manipulated
value
Limit
Pulse
shaper
QLMNDN
Correction input
QLMNUP
LMN_A
Position feedback input
Figure 8-11
QLMNR_HS
QLMNR_LS
External
manipulated value
QLMNUP
QLMNDN
Figure 8-12
Switch safety
manipulated
value
Pulse
shaper
8-13
8.2
Call
FMT_PID must be called in the same OB as all other FBs that access the same
FM 355-2.
With each call of FMT_PAR, you can respectively modify one of the REAL
parameters and one of the INT parameters listed in Table 8-1, Page 8-15.
The default value is assigned to the parameter by means of the index numbers
listed in Table 8-1, Page 8-15; you declare these at the INDEX parameter, in the
instance DB of FMT_PAR.
If you want to modify more than one parameter, you must repeat the call of the
same instance DB several times with LOAD_PAR = TRUE and with different index
numbers.
Output parameter RET_VALU contains the return value RET_VAL of the SFCs 58
and 59. The values of RET_VALU are described in the reference manual System
software for S7-300/S7-400 System and Standard functions.
When FM 355-2 is operated in a system with distributed I/O, it may take more than
one call cycle to transfer the parameter to the FM 355-2. Parameter LOAD_PAR
status stays TRUE until the transfer is completed. When you modify parameters,
you must therefore repeat the call of FB FMT_PAR until LOAD_PAR = FALSE.
Note
Please note that the parameters you have modified by means of FMT_PAR will be
overwritten with system data parameters during startup of the CPU.
8-14
Example
During runtime, you want to modify the ramp time of the reference variable, and
use different analog input values as actual value as a response to the process
status.
Table 8-1
To configure a ramp time value of 10.0 for the reference variable during
runtime, call FMT_PAR with INDEX = 30 and VALUE_R = 10.0.
If you want to configure analog input value 4 of the module as actual value
during runtime, call FMT_PAR with INDEX = 50 and VALUE_I = 4.
Data type
Index
number
No parameter selected
REAL
REAL
REAL
REAL
REAL
REAL
REAL
REAL
REAL
REAL
10
REAL
11
REAL
12
REAL
13
REAL
14
REAL
15
REAL
16
REAL
17
REAL
18
REAL
19
REAL
20
REAL
21
REAL
22
REAL
23
REAL
24
REAL
25
REAL
26
REAL
27
REAL
28
REAL
29
8-15
Table 8-1
Data type
Description
Index
number
REAL
30
REAL
31
REAL
32
REAL
(three-component controller)
33
REAL
(three-component controller)
34
REAL
(three-component controller)
35
REAL
36
REAL
Operating point
37
REAL
Not used
38
REAL
Interpolation points for the split-range function: start of range, input signal A
39
REAL
Interpolation points for the split-range function: end of range, input signal A
40
REAL
Interpolation points for the split-range function: start of range, output signal A
41
REAL
Interpolation points for the split-range function: end of range, output signal A
42
REAL
Interpolation points for the split-range function: start of range, input signal B
43
REAL
Interpolation points for the split-range function: end of range, input signal B
44
REAL
Interpolation points for the split-range function: start of range, output signal B
45
REAL
Interpolation points for the split-range function: end of range, output signal B
46
REAL
47
REAL
48
INT
49
INT
INT
INT
INT
-1:
0 to 3:
16 to 19:
32 to 35:
48 to 51:
0 to 3:
0 to 3:
0 to 3:
INT
8-16
50
51
52
53
0 to 3:
16 to 19:
0 to 3:
54
Table 8-1
Data type
INT
INT
INT
INT
INT
INT
INT
Description
Selecting position compensation TRACK_PER for the controller
-1:
0 to 3:
0 to 3:
0 to 7:
0 to 7:
0 to 7:
0 to 7:
0 to 7:
Index
number
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
8-17
8.3
all analog inputs the configured reference junction temperature was selected,
Output parameter RET_VALU contains the return value RET_VAL of the SFCs 58
and 59. The values of RET_VALU are described in the reference manual System
software for S7-300/S7-400 System and Standard functions.
When FM 355-2 is operated in a system with distributed I/O it may take more than
one call cycle to transfer the parameter to the FM 355-2. Parameter LOAD_CJ
status is TRUE until the transfer is completed. When you modify the parameters
you must therefore repeat the call of FMT_CJ_T until the block LOAD_CJ =
FALSE is set.
Call
FMT_PID must be called in the same OB as all other FBs that access the same
FM 355-2.
8-18
8.4
Call
FB 55 FMT_DS1 must be called in the same OB as all other FBs that access the
same FM 355-2.
FB 55 FMT_DS1 does not require an initialization cycle.
Set parameter READ_DS1 to TRUE in every cycle to obtain the latest diagnostics
values.
After successful read access to diagnostics data, FB FMT_DS1 resets parameter
READ_DS1.
8-19
8.5
Note
FB 52 FMT_PID is, however, quite sufficient to perform a controller tuning. You
can use this FB to start tuning and to monitor status information.
Call
FB 56 FMT_TUN must be called in the same OB as all other FBs that access the
same FM 355-2.
FB 56 FMT_TUN does not require an initialization cycle.
Set parameter READ_OUT to TRUE at every cycle to obtain the latest diagnostics
values.
After successful read access to diagnostics data, FB FMT_TUN resets the
parameter READ_OUT.
8-20
8.6
Call
FB 57 FMT_PV must be called in the same OB as all other FBs that access the
same FM 355-2.
FB 57 FMT_PV does not require an initialization cycle.
Set parameter LOAD_PV to TRUE periodically, if you want to periodically write
simulated actual values to the FM 355-2.
Set parameter READ_PV to TRUE at every cycle to obtain the latest diagnostics
values.
After successful read/write access to actual values, FB FMT_PV resets parameter
LOAD_PV or READ_PV.
S_AION[ i ] = TRUE
(0 i 3)
The value PV_SIM[ i ] is used, rather than the value of the modules analog
input i.
S_PVON[ i ] = TRUE
(0 i 3)
The value PV_SIM[ i ] is used, rather than the pre-processed value of the
modules analog input i.
S_DION[ i ] = TRUE
(0 i 7)
The value DI_SIM[ i ] is used, rather than the value of the modules digital input
i.
8-21
Note
During simulation, the LEDs I0 ... I7 always indicate the status of the
corresponding digital input.
Simulation value:
PV_SIM [ i ]
0i3
Enable simulation:
S_AION [ i ]
Enable simulation:
S_PVON [ i ]
Sensor type
A
D
Filter
Reference
input
Polyline
Scaling and
offset compensation
Pre-processed analog
value
Enable simulation:
S_DION [ i ]
Simulation value:
DI_SIM [ i ]
configured
internal compensation for the
thermocouples J,
K and E
Figure 8-13
Square
root
Digital value
Digital input
During restart of the FM 355-2, following a Power Off event, the simulation
switches on the FM 355-2 are set to FALSE.
Note
The power on action and the preset of simulation values (forcing) is not performed
by the parameter assignment application. This is why the corresponding switches
and connections are drawn as dashed lines.
8-22
Even if simulated, the actual status of the digital inputs 0 through 7 is displayed
at the parameters STAT_DI[0] to STAT_DI[7].
0i3
DIAG [ i ].PV_PER
DIAG [ i ].PV_PHY
Sensor type
A
D
Filter
CJ_T_OUT
Square
root
Polyline
Scaling and
offset compensation
Pre-processed analog
value
Reference
input
Reference
junction temperature
Configured
Internal compensation for the thermocouples J, K
and E
Figure 8-14
The output parameter RET_VALU contains the return value RET_VAL of the
SFCs 58 and 59.
The values of RET_VALU are described in the S7-300 reference manual System
software for S7-300/S7-400 System and Standard Functions300 .
Note
The update of actual values can be delayed compared to FB FMT_PID when the
FM 355-2 is put under load.
8-23
8-24
What is to be done?
Installing the FM 355-2 (see Chapter 3)
2
Shielding
Check the shielding of all cables.
Front connectors
The front connectors must be latched.
9-1
What is to be done?
Select the FM 355-2 from the module catalog and drag it to the selected
slot.
What is to be done?
Select the FM 355-2 from the module catalog and drag it to the selected
slot.
9-2
Parameter assignment
Step
1
2
What is to be done?
Select the FM 355-2 from the configuration table and use the menu
command
What is to be done?
Save your project under File > Save and compile it. Edit > Object
properties.
9-3
What is to be done?
Create the instance DBs for the controller channels as data blocks with
the assigned function block FB 52 FMT_PID.
Call the instance DBs periodically in your user program (e.g. in an OB).
What is to be done?
Monitor and control the control loop via the loop monitor:
Test > Loop view.
9-4
What is to be done?
Using the curve recorder, confirm that the manipulated/actual values are
near transient state and then click on Continue.
Set the operating point to 90 and the manipulated value difference to 80.
Click on Continue.
You can now test the controller parameters found, by activating a setpoint jump or
a disturbance variable in the process.
Step
What is to be done?
9-5
9-6
What is to be done?
When the CPU is in STOP mode, download the data to the CPU with
PLC > Download to module.
10
on page
10.1
10-2
10.2
10-4
10.3
10-7
10-1
10.1
Characteristics
The FM 355-2 S digital I/O features are:
8 inputs
8 outputs
Peculiarity
When connecting the 24 V supply voltage to the system via a mechanical contact,
as a result of the switching, the outputs of the function module carry a 1 signal for
approx. 50 s. You should remember this if you use the FM in conjunction with
fast counters.
Digital outputs
The FM 355 2 S has eight digital outputs Q1 to Q8 for direct triggering of control
actions.
The digital outputs are supplied with the L+ supply voltage.
The digital outputs are current-sourcing switches with a load current capacity of 0.1
A. They are protected against overload and short-circuit.
10-2
Terminal/wiring diagram
Backup
Inputs
L+
L+
0
1
2
Backplane
bus
3
4
5
Minternal
6
7
Outputs
L+
Backplane
bus
Minternal
M
Terminal
diagram
Wiring diagram
Channel number
Status LEDs green
Figure 10-1
The LEDs of the digital outputs are not used and therefore of no significance.
10-3
10.2
4 inputs
Limit-value monitoring
Current measurement
For current measurement, an external 50 measuring shunt must be connected
to the analog inputs between M+ and M.
Resolution
The integration time of 100 ms is the result of the 14-bit measurement value
resolution (see Appendix A).
10-4
Terminal diagram
Voltage measurement
Error LED red
Thermocouples
Resistance
measurement
Current measurement
SF
Ic+
Ic
M1+
M1
CH 0
Ic+
Ic
M2+
CH 1
M2
COMP+
COMP
1)
Ic+
Ic
M3+
CH 2
M3
Ic+
Ic
M4+
CH 3
M4
MANA
MANA
Terminal
diagram
Figure 10-2
IC1+
IC1
CH 0
M1+
M1
IC2+
IC2
CH 1
M2+
M2
COMP+
COMP
IC3+
IC3
CH 2
M3+
M3
IC4+
IC4
CH 3
M4+
M4
MANA
10-5
Wiring diagram
Figure 10-3 shows the wiring diagram of the analog inputs. Input resistance
depends on the set measurement range (see Appendix A).
Channel activation
CH 0
Current
source
CH 1
ADC
Processing in
the FM 355-2
External
compensation
Internal compensation
CH 2
Configured
compensation
CH 3
L+
24 VDC
Internal supply
Figure 10-3
10-6
10.3
4 outputs
12-bit resolution
Note
When switching the supply voltage (L+) on and off, incorrect intermediate values
may be generated at the output for approximately 10 ms.
10-7
Terminal diagram
Current output
Backup
L+
I0
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7
L+
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
CH0
CH1
CH2
CH3
QI0
MANA
QI1
MANA
QI2
MANA
QI3
MANA
M
24 V
CH 0
CH 1
CH 2
CH 3
M
Voltage output
L+
I0
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7
QV0
MANA
QV1
MANA
QV2
MANA
QV3
MANA
M
24 V
CH 0
CH 1
CH 2
CH 3
M
Terminal
diagram
Figure 10-4
10-8
Wiring diagram
DAC
Q0
CH 0
MANA
Q1
CH 1
MANA
Processing in
the FM 355-2
Q2
CH 2
MANA
Q3
CH 3
MANA
L+
Internal supply
24 VDC
Wiring diagram
MANA of all channels is interconnected
internally
Figure 10-5
10-9
10-10
11
on page
11.1
11-2
11.2
Using thermocouples
11-5
11.3
11-10
11.4
11-13
11.5
11-15
11-1
11.1
Introduction
You can connect different types of measurement transducers to the analog inputs
of the FM 355-2, depending on the type of measurement:
Voltage transducers
Resistance
This section describes how you connect the measurement transducers and what
you should observe when connecting them.
Abbreviations used
In Figures 11-1 and 11-2 the following terminal abbreviations have been used:
11-2
M +:
M :
MANA:
M:
Ground
L +:
24 VDC supply
UCM:
Note
In order to ensure that the permissible value (DCM) is not exceeded, connect M
to MANA.
When connecting resistive transducers, you must also interconnect M and MANA.
This also applies to accordingly configured but unused inputs.
L+
M
Isolated
measurement
transducers
FM 355-2
M
+:
M
M
+:
M
ADC
Logic
MANA
CPU
M
L+
M
Main ground bus
Figure 11-1
11-3
M on the CPU.
FM 355-2
L+
M
M
+:
M
Non-isolated
measurement
transducers
M
+:
M
DCM
ADC
Logic
MANA
CPU
Equipotential
-bonding
conductor
M
L+
M
Main ground bus
Figure 11-2
11-4
11.2
Using thermocouples
Structure of thermocouples
A thermocouple consists of
The two wires of the thermocouple are made of different metals or metal alloys.
Their ends are soldered or welded together. The various thermocouple types (e.g.
B, J, K) differ in the material they are made of. The measurement principle is the
same for all of them, irrespective of the type.
Point of measurement
Thermocouple with positive and negative thermal shanks
Point of termination
Compensating line
Reference junction
Supply line
Trimming resistor
Measuring point for thermoelectric voltage
C
Figure 11-3
Structure of thermocouples
11-5
11-6
You must use the current source of channel 2 to operate as constant current
source for the Pt 100.
Thermocouple usage
Note the following items when you connect thermocouples:
Depending on where you need the reference junction (locally), you can use an
external or a configured compensation.
With a configured compensation, a configurable reference junction temperature of
the module is used for comparison.
With external compensation, the reference junction temperature of the
thermocouples is taken into account by means of a Pt 100.
This Pt 100 is connected to terminals 10 and 11 of the modules left front
connector, whereby the Pt 100 must be installed at the reference junction of the
thermocouples. Channel 2 must be its source of power (terminals 12 and 13 of the
left front connector).
The following restrictions apply:
Abbreviations used
Meaning of the terminal abbreviations used in Figures 11-4 and 11-5:
M +:
M :
Ground
L +:
11-7
Supply line
(copper)
L+
M
FM 355-2
M
+:
M
Thermoco
uples
M
+:
M
Compensating
line (same
material as
thermocouple)
Ic+
Logic
Processing
in the
FM 355-2
ADC
COMP+
COMP
Ic
Reference
junction
Figure 11-4
11-8
MANA
Supply line
(copper)
L+
M
FM 355-2
M
+:
M
Thermoco
uples
M
+:
M
Compensating
line (same
material as
thermocouple)
Ic+
Logic
Processing
in the
FM 355-2
ADC
COMP+
COMP
Ic
Reference
junction
MANA
Figure 11-5
Wiring diagram for the connection of thermocouples with configured or internal compensation
11-9
11.3
Abbreviations used
Meaning of the terminal abbreviations used in Figures 11-6 and 11-9:
IC +:
IC :
M +:
M :
MANA:
M:
Ground
L +:
L+
M
+
U
+
U
FM 355-2
M
+:
M
M
+:
M
ADC
Logic
Processing in
the FM 355-2
MANA
Figure 11-6
11-10
L+
M
4wire measuring
transducer
Sensor,
e.g.
pressure
gauge
P
FM 355-2
M
+:
ADC
Processing in
the FM 355-2
Logic
MANA
L+ M
* External resistance 50
Figure 11-7
L+
M
Sensor,
e.g. pressure
gauge
FM 355-2
2wire measuring
transducer
Fuse
M
+:
ADC
Logic
Processing in
the FM 355-2
MANA
M
Figure 11-8
* External resistance 50
11-11
L+
M
FM 355-2
M
+:
M
IC+
IC
ADC
Logic
Processing in
the FM 355-2
IC
MANA
Figure 11-9
For the 2-wire and 3-wire connections you must install appropriate jumpers
between M + and IC + or M and IC on the module. In this case, however, loss of
accuracy in the measurement result is to be expected.
11-12
11.4
Abbreviations used
Meaning of the terminal abbreviations used in Figure 11-10:
Q:
MANA:
RL:
Load/Actuator
L +:
M:
Ground
11-13
L+
M
FM 355-2
Q
Processing in
the FM 355-2
Logic
DAC
RL
MANA
CPU
M
L+
M
Main ground bus
11-14
11.5
Abbreviations used
Meaning of the terminal abbreviations used in Figure 11-11:
Q:
Digital output
RL:
Load/Actuator
L +:
M:
Ground
L+
FM 355-2
Q
Processing in
the FM 355-2
Logic
RL
M
11-15
11-16
12
on page
12.1
12-2
12.2
12-3
12.3
12-7
12-1
12.1
Diagnostics
message
Remedy
Internal
f lt
fault
Defective module
Hardware fault
Hardware fault
External
error
Wrong module
parameters
Analog output
short-circuit
Eliminate the
short-circuit
Remedy the 24 V
supply
Missing external
auxiliary voltage
12-2
12.2
Module defective
The diagnostics data record DS0 is written to the start information of the
diagnostics interrupt OB.
12-3
Bit significance in diagnostics data record DS0 and in the start information
Table 12-1, Page 12-5 shows the bit significance of diagnostics data record DS0
in the start information. All bits not listed are insignificant and zero.
12-4
Byte
0
Meaning
Remarks
Event ID.
Module error
8:x:00
Internal error
8:x:01
2
External error
8:x:02
Error in one
channel
8:x:03
Missing external
auxiliary voltage
8:x:04
Not used
Faulty
configuration
8:x:07
0 ... 3
Module class
Always assigned 8
Channel-specific
diagnostics
Watchdog timer
has responded
Hardware fault
8:x:33
EPROM error
Module defective
8:x:42
ADC/DAC error
Module defective
8:x:44
12-5
Byte
12-6
Meaning
Remarks
Event ID
0 ... 7
Channel type
0 ... 7
Length of diagnostics
information
Always assigned 8
0 ... 7
Number of channels
Always assigned 5
(4 controllers + 1 reference
channel)
0 ... 4
8:x:B0
Not used
8:x:B1
8:x:B2
Not used
8:x:B3
8:x:B4
Only at the
current
output of
FM 355-2 C
8:x:B6
Only at the
voltage
output of
FM 355-2 C
8:x:B7
0 ... 7
See byte 8
Channel-specific diagnostics
channel 1
See above
10
0 ... 7
See byte 8
Channel-specific diagnostics
channel 2
See above
11
0 ... 7
See byte 8
Channel-specific diagnostics
channel 3
See above
12
0 ... 5
See byte 8
See above
Channel-speciChannel
speci
fic diagnostics
channel 0
8:x:B5
When one of these errors occurs, the group error bit External error is set in
diagnostics data record DS0, and channel-specific bits are set in diagnostics data
record DS1 (see the Tables 12-1, Page 12-5 and Table 12-2, Page 12-6). These
bits will be reset after the error has disappeared.
The table below shows at which specific measurement range limits the error bits
are set or reset:
Error bit measurement
range underflow at ...
DS1: byte 10 ... 26, Bit 4
< 3.5 mA
Error bit = 1 at < 3.6 mA
Error bit = 0 at 3.8 mA
< 1.175 V
< 30.82 mV
Pt 100
(200 to 556 C)
(328 to 1032 C)
< 30.82 mV
> 499.06 mV
Pt 100
(200 to 130 C)
(328 to 264 C)
< 30.82 mV
> 254.12 mV
Thermocouple
type B
Thermocouple
type E
(270.0 to
1,000.03 C)
Thermocouple
type J
Thermocouple
type K
Thermocouple
type R
Thermocouple
type S
Free
Thermocouple
< 0 mV
> 13.81 mV
< 9.84 mV
> 76.36 mV
< 8.1 mV
> 69.54 mV
< 6.45 mV
> 54.88 mV
< 0.23 mV
> 21.11 mV
< 0.24 mV
> 18.7 mV
Measurement
g
range
0 to 20 mA
4 to 20 mA
0 to 10 V
Pt 100
(200 to 850 C)
(328 to 1562 C)
12-7
12-8
13
Examples
In chapter
on page
13.1
Introduction
13-2
13.2
13-3
13.3
13-7
13.4
13-11
13.5
13-15
13.6
13-16
13.7
13-18
13.8
13-19
13.9
13-20
13-1
Examples
13.1
Introduction
Prerequisites
You have connected the power supply to the CPU and FM 355-2
Sample application
Your sample programs contain variable tables (VAT) in which you can view and edit
your values. You can use the curve recorder of your parameter assignment
application to view the curves.
13-2
Examples
13.2
13-3
Examples
DISV_H
SP
PV
LMN_A
INV_HEAT
LMN_B
INV_COOL
Closed-loop
controller
PT3
DISV_C
Controller
Figure 13-1
Control system
Function block PROC_HCC forms a series circuit, consisting of three lag elements
of the first order (Figure 13-2). The disturbance variable DISV is always added to
the output signal of the final controlling element, which means that process
disturbances can be activated manually at this location. The static process gain
can be set via the GAIN factor.
This process structure is implemented twice in order to provide an additional
cooling circuit.
When initialized with COM_RST = TRUE, the output variable of the simulated
process is set to the value
OUTV = (INV_HEAT+DISV_H) * GAIN_H - (INV_COOL+DISV_C) * GAIN_C + AMB_TEM.
DISV_H
DISV_C
INV_COOL
13-4
AMB_TEM
OUTV
INV_HEAT
Figure 13-2
GAIN_H
_
TMLAG1_H
TMLAG2_H
TMLAG3_H
TMLAG1_C
TMLAG2_C
TMLAG3_C
GAIN_C
Examples
Block structure
Table 13-1 Blocks of the sample
Block
Name
(in the toolbar)
Description
OB 100
COMPLETE_RESTART
Restart OB
OB 35
CYC_INT5
FB 52
FMT_PID
FB 57
FMT_PV
FB 100
PROC_HCC
DB 52
DB_FMT_PID
Instance DB of FMT_PID
DB 57
DB_FMT_PV
Instance DB of FMT_PV
DB 100
DB_PROC_HCC
Instance DB of PROC_HCC
Type
Configuration
Description
Controller
GAIN
REAL
12.0
TI
REAL
12.0 s
TD
REAL
3.0 s
PFAC_SP
REAL
0.8
Proportional factor
RATIOFAC
REAL
0.5
Ratio factor
CON_ ZONE
REAL
31.0
CYCLE
REAL
100 ms
GAIN_H
REAL
1.5
TMLAG1_H
REAL
60 s
TMLAG2_H
REAL
10 s
TMLAG3_H
REAL
0s
GAIN_C
REAL
3.0
TMLAG1_C
REAL
60 s
TMLAG2_C
REAL
10 s
TMLAG3_C
REAL
0s
Integration time
Derivative action time
Control system
Scan time
13-5
Examples
Note
Every time you perform a tuning operation you will receive slightly different
parameter values for the controller. The reason is that the clock cycle of the
watchdog interrupt OB (e.g. 100 ms) and the cycle time of the FM 355-2 (e.g.
100.5 ms) never match completely. This is why the process model in the CPU
does not return a smooth process variable for your tuning operations on the
FM 355-2.
You can subsequently test control response by activating setpoint jumps and
disturbance variables (Parameter DISV_H/C at DB_PROC_HCC). Also test the
effect of parameter PFAC_SP: For example, when you increase the value in
PFAC_SP from 0.8 to 1.0, you will likewise increase overshoot.
Please note that you must also set LOAD_PAR = TRUE when you modify
parameters via FMT_PID.
Note
After you have enabled the control zone (CONZ_ON = TRUE), activate setpoint
jumps > CON_ZONE to test control response (or < CON_ZONE/RATIOFAC for
negative setpoint jumps). In this case PFAC_SP has no effect.
13-6
Examples
13.3
13-7
Examples
SP
PV
Pulse controller
QLMNUP
HEAT_P
QLMNDN
COOL_P
PT3
Controller
Control system
Figure 13-3
Example 355-2 S, control loop
DISV_H
HEAT_P
100
0
GAIN_H
AMB_TEM
OUTV
DISV_C
_
TMLAG1_H
TMLAG2_H
TMLAG3_H
TMLAG1_C
TMLAG2_C
TMLAG3_C
GAIN_C
COOL_P
100
0
Figure 13-4
13-8
Examples
Block structure
Table 13-2 Blocks of the sample
Block
Name
(in the toolbar)
Description
OB 100
COMPLETE_RESTART
Restart OB
OB 35
CYC_INT5
FB 52
FMT_PID
FC 57
FMT_PV
FB 102
PROC_HCP
DB 52
DB_FMT_PID
Instance DB to FMT_PID
DB 57
DB_FMT_PV
Instance DB of FMT_PV
DB 102
DB_PROC_HCP
Instance DB of PROC_HCP
Type
Configuration
Description
Controller
GAIN
REAL
12.0
TI
REAL
12.0 s
TD
REAL
3.0 s
PFAC_SP
REAL
0.8
Proportional factor
RATIOFAC
REAL
0.5
Ratio factor
CON_ ZONE
REAL
31.0
CYCLE
REAL
100 ms
GAIN_H
REAL
1.5
TMLAG1_H
REAL
60 s
TMLAG2_H
REAL
10 s
TMLAG3_H
REAL
0s
GAIN_C
REAL
3.0
TMLAG1_C
REAL
60 s
TMLAG2_C
REAL
10 s
TMLAG3_C
REAL
0s
Integration time
Derivative action time
Control system
Sampling time
Heating process gain
13-9
Examples
Note
Every time you perform a tuning operation, you will receive slightly different
parameter values for the controller. The reason is that the clock cycle of the
watchdog interrupt OBs (e.g. 100 ms) and the cycle time of the FM 355-2 (e.g.
100.5 ms) never match completely. This is why the process model in the CPU
does not return a smooth process variable for your tuning operations on the
FM 355-2.
You can subsequently activate setpoint jumps and disturbance variables to test
control response (Parameter DISV at DB_PROC_HCP). Also test the effect of
parameter PFAC_SP: For example, when you increase the value in PFAC_SP
from 0.8 to 1.0, you will likewise increase overshoot.
Please note that you must also set LOAD_PAR = TRUE when you modify
parameters via FMT_PID.
Note
With enabled control zone (CONZ_ON = TRUE), activate setpoint jumps >
CON_ZONE (or < CON_ZONE/RATIOFAC for negative setpoint jumps) to test
control response. In this case PFAC_SP has no effect.
13-10
Examples
13.4
13-11
Examples
DISV
Setpoint
LMNR
Step controller
Actual
value
Controller
PT3
Control system
Figure 13-5
Example 355-2 S, control loop
Function block PROC_S forms a series circuit that consists of an integrated final
controlling element and three lag elements of the first order. A disturbance variable
DISV is always added to the output signal of the final controlling element, so that
process disturbances can be activated manually at this location. The static process
gain can be set via the GAIN factor.
The motor actuating time parameter MTR_TM defines the time required by the
final controlling element to cover the distance between two limits.
When initialized with COM_RST = TRUE, the output variable of the simulated
process is set to OUTV = (LMNR+ DISV) * GAIN + AMB_TEM.
QLMNR_HS
QLMNR_LS
DISV
GAIN
AMB_TEM
INV_UP
OUTV
INV_DO
WN
MTR_TM LMNR_HLM
LMNR_LLM
Figure 13-6
13-12
+
TM_LAG1
TM_LAG2
TM_LAG3
LMNR
Examples
Block structure
Table 13-3 Blocks of the sample
Block
Name
(in the toolbar)
Description
OB 100
COMPLETE_RESTART
Restart OB
OB 35
CYC_INT5
FB 52
FMT_PID
FB 57
FMT_PV
FB 101
PROC_S
DB 52
DB_FMT_PID
Instance DB of FMT_PID
DB 57
DB_FMT_PV
Instance DB of FMT_PV
DB 101
DB_PROC_HCC
Instance DB of PROC_HCC
Type
Configuration
Description
Controller
GAIN
REAL
2.2
TI
REAL
52.0 s
PFAC_SP
REAL
0.8
Proportional factor
MTR_TM
REAL
20 s
CYCLE
REAL
100 ms
Sampling time
GAIN
REAL
1.5
Process gain
MTR_TM
REAL
20 s
TM_LAG1
REAL
60 s
Lag time 1
TM_LAG2
REAL
10 s
Lag time 2
TM_LAG3
REAL
0s
Lag time 3
Integration time
Control system
13-13
Examples
Note
Every time you perform a tuning process, you will receive slightly different
parameter values for the controller. The reason is that the clock cycle of the
watchdog interrupt OBs (e.g. 100 ms) and the cycle time of the FM 355-2
(e.g. 100.5 ms) never match completely. This is why the process model in the
CPU does not return a smooth process variable for your tuning operation on the
FM 355-2.
You can subsequently activate setpoint jumps and disturbance variables to test
control response (Parameter DISV at DB_PROC_S). Also test the effect of
parameter PFAC_SP: For example, when you increase the value in PFAC_SP
from 0.8 to 1.0, you will likewise increase overshoot.
Please note that you must also set LOAD_PAR = TRUE when you modify
parameters via FMT_PID.
Note
The curve recorder shows the simulated position feedback of the process model.
This improves visualization of the sample, but does not exist on a physical step
controller without position feedback.
13-14
Examples
13.5
Prerequisites
Diagnostic interrupts are only triggered in the CPU if you make the following
settings in the Basic parameter tab, under HW Config in the Properties FM 355-2 C PID Control window:
Generate interrupt:
Yes
Selected interrupt:
Diagnostics
Block structure
Table 13-4 Blocks of the sample
Block
Name
(in the toolbar)
Description
OB 35
CYC_INT5
OB 82
I/O_FLT1
FB 55
FMT_DS1
DB 55
DB_FMT_PID
Instance DB to FMT_DS1
13-15
Examples
13.6
Start screen
A start screen appears after the OP startup: Here you select the corresponding
view for your sample. The loop monitor opens.
Loop monitor
The loop monitor contains operator control elements for the manual input of
setpoints and values as well as for manual/auto changeover. In the step controller
sample, you can preset the manipulated value signals for opening and closing the
control valve.
Out of this loop monitor you can change to one of the following operator control
screens:
PID parameters
Trend plotter
Controller tuning
PID parameters
In this window you can input the PID controller parameters and control zone
parameters. In the step controller sample you replace the control zone parameters
with the motor actuating time.
Trend plotter
The curve shows the setpoint, as well as the actual value and the manipulated
value. In the step controller sample, the display shows the position feedback value,
rather than the manipulated value.
Note
The controller type Step controller without position feedback we have used in our
sample does not have a position feedback element. This is rather read from
FB PROC_S.
13-16
Examples
Controller tuning
In this window you can start controller tuning.
1. Monitor the curve recorder until the quasi-statical state is reached.
2. Press F6 to set the controller ready for tuning.
3. Check the manipulated value difference.
4. Specify a corresponding setpoint jump.
5. Monitor the curve.
6. Check the result by means of parameter PHASE and STATUS_H
(Please note Chapter 7).
13-17
Examples
13.7
SP1
PV1
Figure 13-7
Controller 1
(Pulse
controller)
SP2 =
LMN1
PV2
Controller 2
(Stepping
controller)
QLMNUP
QLMNDN
Process
part 2
Process
part 1
13-18
Examples
13.8
SP1
Controller 1
LMN1
Process 1
LMN2
Process 2
PV1
FAC
X
SP2
Controller 2
PV2
Figure 13-8
Specify ratio factor FAC via setpoint value input of FB FMT_PID (SP_RE).
13-19
Examples
13.9
Total quantity
SP
PV
Controller 0 LMN
(Pulse
controller)
Master component
Controller 1
(Step controller)
Controller 2
(Step controller)
SP1
QLMNUP
QLMNDN
PV1
Process 1
FAC1
SP2
QLMNUP
QLMNDN
Process 2
PV2
FAC2
Controller 3
(Step controller)
FAC3
Figure 13-9
FAC4
SP3
QLMNUP
QLMNDN
Process 3
PV3
FAC5
13-20
Data sheet
In chapter
on page
A.1
Technical data
A-3
A.2
A-8
Electromagnetic compatibility
This general technical data is found in the manual S7-300 PLCs; Assembly, CPU
Data.
They contain S7-300 standards and test values, as well as the testing criteria for
the S7-300.
UL/CSA Approbation
The following approvals are available for the S7-300:
UL-Recognition-Mark
Underwriters Laboratories (UL) to
Standard UL 508
CSA-Certification-Mark
Canadian Standard Association (CSA) to
Standard C 22.2 No. 142
FM approbation
The FM approbation for S7-300 is available:
FM approbation to Factory Mutual Approval Standard Class Number 3611, Class I,
Division 2, Group A, B, C, D.
A-1
Data sheet
Warning
Risk of personal harm or damage to assets.
Risk of personal harm or damage to assets in explosion prone locations if you
disconnect an S7-300 connector during runtime.
In explosion-prone locations, always switch off the S7-300 before you unplug any
connectors.
Warning
DO NOT DISCONNECT WHILE CIRCUIT IS LIVE UNLESS LOCATION IS
KNOWN TO BE NON-HAZARDOUS
CE Marking
Our products are compliant with EU Guideline 89/336/EEC
Electromagnetic compatibility.
The EU declarations of conformity according to the above mentioned EU guideline,
Article 10, are made available to local authorities by:
Siemens AG
Automation and Drives
A&D AS E48
PO Box 1963
D-92209 Amberg
Range of application
SIMATIC products are conceived for industrial application.
With individual approvals SIMATIC products can also be used in domestic
locations (domestic, office and business, trading and small business locations).
Range of application
Demands on
Interference emission
Industry
EN 50081-2 : 1993
Immunity to
interference
EN 50082-2 : 1995
A-2
Data sheet
A.1
Technical data
Potential isolation
Dimensions
W H D (mm)
80 125 120
Weight
approx. 470 g
8 (only FM 355-2 S)
yes (optocouplers)
no
Permitted potential
difference
75 VDC
60 VAC
2.5 VDC
when signal = 0 V
Cable length
Digital signals
max. 600 m
unshielded
24 VDC
Permissible range
Polarity reversal
20.4 to 28.8 V
Polarity reversal
yes
Current consumption
max. 75 mA
from L+ (no-load)
FM 355-2 C
FM 355-2 S
max. 270 mA
Power loss of the module
FM 355-2 C
FM 355-2 S
max. 6.9 W
Status, interrupts, diagnostics
8
Vertical assembly
8
Status display
Interrupts
yes, configurable
Diagnostics functions
yes, configurable
max. 0.4 A
max. 0.4 A
max. 0.4 A
Diagnostic information
Horizontal assembly
Vertical assembly
up to 40 C
max. 7.8 W
typically 5.5 W
Horizontal assembly
up to 40 C
up to 60 C
typically 220 mA
typically 6.5 W
yes
Number of concurrently
driven digital inputs
up to 40 C
typically 260 mA
max. 310 mA
up to 60 C
typically 50 mA
yes, configurable
module for
accumulative errors
yes
can be read
Backup mode
yes, displayed by
yellow LED
A-3
Data sheet
Interference voltage
suppression for f = n
(f1 1 %), (f1 = interference
frequency)
> 70 dB
Common mode
interference
> 40 dB
(Uss < 2.5 V)
Common mode
50 dB
50 dB
mV
from 2.5 V to 10 V
from 3.2 mA to 20 mA
0.25 %
0.25 %
0.25 %
0.7 %
80 mV
from 250 mV to 1000
mV
from 2.5 V to 10 V
from 3.2 mA to 20 mA
Voltage
Current
0.5 %
0.6 %
Voltage
Current
80 mV
from 250 mV to 1000
at 50 Hz
at 60 Hz
40 dB
0.2 %
0.3 %
0.02 %/K
0.05 %
0.05 %
0.05 %
0.06 %
0.04 %
Input voltage
0.06 %
0.5 %
0.005 %/K
0.05 %
0.05 %
Rated value
for 1signal
for 0signal
24 VDC
from 13 V to 30 V
from 3 V to 5 V
Input current
with 1signal
typically 7 mA
configurable
at 0 to 1
at 1 to 0
no
to IEC1131, Type 2
Connection of 2-wire
BEROs
possible
permissible quiescent
1.5 mA
current
A-4
Data sheet
Voltage
**
Current
**
Thermocouple
type **
80 mV
(80 ... +80 mV)***
0 to 10 V
(1.175 ... 11.75 V)
/10 M
0 to 20 mA
(3.5 ... 23.5 mA)
4 to 20 mA
(0 ... 23.5 mA)
/50 *
B (0 ...13.81 mV)
E (9.84 mV ... 76.36
mV)
J (8.1 mV ... 69.54 mV)
K (6.45 mV ... 54.88
mV)
R (0.23 mV ... 21.11 mV)
S (0.24 ... 18.7 mV)
to type B: 42.15 C to
1820.01C
to type E: 270.00 C to
1000.03C
to type J: 210.02C to
1200.02 C
to type K:265.40 C to
1372.11C
to type R: 51.37 C to
1767.77C
to type S: 50.40 C to
1767.98 C
/10 M
/10 M
/10 M
/10 M
/10 M
Resistive Pt 100
thermometer **
/100 k
/50 *
30 V
(for a maximum of 2
inputs)
40 mA
Connection of signal
transducers
for voltage
measurement
for current
measurement
as 4-wire measuring
transducer
possible
possible
Characteristic curve
linearization
for thermocouples
yes, configurable
Type B, E, J, K, R, S
Pt 100
(Standard range)
Temperature compensation
internal temperature
compensation
external temperature
compensation with
Pt 100
yes, configurable
possible
possible
/10 M
A-5
Data sheet
Output voltage
Output ranges
(rated values)
with 1signal
min. L+ ( 2.5 V)
10 V
0 ... 10 V
0 ... 20 mA
4 ... 20 mA
Output current
with 1 signal
rated value
permissible range
0.1 A
5 mA ... 0.15 A
with 0 signal
off-state current
Load resistance range
Load resistance
at voltage outputs
max. 0,5 mA
0.24 k to 4 k
min. 1 k
capacitive load
max. 1 F
at current outputs
max. 500
inductive load
max. 1 mH
Output power
Lamp load
max. 5 W
2 outputs in parallel
possible
Short-circuit protection
Short-circuit current
No-load voltage
Connection of the actuators
max. 0.5 Hz
typically 1.5 V
Short-circuit protection of
outputs
yes, electronic
max. 25 mA
max. 18 V
possible
max. 10 Hz
yes
Current output
not possible
Limiting (internal) of
inductive cut-off voltage to
A-6
Voltage output
possible
possible
Data sheet
integral
14 bits
Conversion time
(per analog input)
100 ms
Transient
0.1 ms
Substitute values
yes, configurable
3.3 ms
0.5 ms
Integration/conversion
time/resolution (per
channel)
configurable
Integration time in ms
Basic conversion time
100
102
Resolution in bits
14
Interference voltage
50, 60
suppression at
interference
frequency f1 in Hz
A-7
Data sheet
A.2
Function
blocks
Allocation in
Processing time in
Work
memory
Load
memory
Local data
area
CPU 315-2 DP
CPU 416-2 DP
FMT_PID
1.804 bytes
2.296 bytes
32 bytes
FMT_PAR
324 bytes
416 bytes
32 bytes
1.7 ms
0.19 ms
FMT_CJ_T
410 bytes
506 bytes
40 bytes
1.8 ms
0.19 ms
FMT_DS1
216 bytes
452 bytes
22 bytes
1.9 ms
0.19 ms
FMT_TUN
332 bytes
590 bytes
22 bytes
4.5 ms
0.19 ms
FMT_PV
1.108 bytes
1.334 bytes
92 bytes
3.2 ms*)
2.9 ms**)
0.28 ms*)
0.35 ms**)
*) READ_PV=TRUE
**) LOAD_PV=TRUE
Table A-2
READ_OUT
Processing time in
LOAD_OP
LOAD_PAR/
(READ_PAR)
CPU 315-2 DP
CPU 416-2 DP
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
0.65 ms
0.04 ms
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
2.85 ms
0.30 ms
*)
TRUE
FALSE
4.56 ms
0.55 ms
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
3.58 ms**)
0.30 ms
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
5.8 ms**)
0.56 ms
*)
TRUE
TRUE
7.41 ms**)
0.82 ms
*)
**)
If READ_PAR is set instead of LOAD_PAR, the CPU 315-2 DP processing time is increased by
0.35 ms.
Table A-3
A-8
Allocation in
Work memory
Load memory
FMT_PID
210 bytes
610 bytes
FMT_PAR
52 bytes
128 bytes
FMT_CJ_T
50 bytes
130 bytes
FMT_DS1
282 bytes
56 bytes
FMT_TUN
254 bytes
502 bytes
FMT_PV
100 bytes
302 bytes
Tuning status
The second column shows whether the status is relevant for cooling tuning.
Table B-1
Status
STATUS_H/C
Cooling
tuning
Description
relevant
10000
relevant
2xxxx
relevant
Remedy
2xxx1
2xx2x
2x1xx
Estimated error
(TU <= 3*sampling time)
2x2xx
2x3xx
relevant
21xxx
relevant
22xxx
relevant
3xxxx
relevant
30001
relevant
Restart tuning.
B-1
Tuning status
Table B-1
Status
STATUS_H/C
30002
Cooling
tuning
relevant
Description
Remedy
|TUN_DLMN| or | TUN_CLMN|, or
effective LMN change < 5 %
30003
relevant
TUN_CLMN <= 5%, but LMN_LLM Correct the lower limit value
> 5%.
LMN_LLM.
Restart tuning.
30004
relevant
See STATUS_H=30002:
Also note: For example, if LMN_A <
5 %, you can not tune the heating
parameters when TUN_DLMN is
negative (Reason: the cooling power
must not be adjusted).
30008
relevant
30009
relevant
Table B-2
STATUS_D
0
110
121
122
N_PTN = 1.9 process type I after phase 7 (previously N_PTN > 1.9)
200
310
320
B-2
Tuning status
Note
STATUS_H = 0 is reset at the end of phase 1.
If you cancel tuning in phase 2, STATUS_H = 0. However, STATUS_D still shows
the status of the last controller calculation.
The higher the value of STATUS_D, the higher the order of the control system, the
higher the relationship TU/TA and the softer the controller parameters.
B-3
Tuning status
B-4
on page
C.1
Instance DB of FB 52 FMT_PID
C-2
C.2
Instance DB of FB 53 FMT_PAR
C-20
C.3
Instance DB of FB 54 FMT_CJ_T
C-22
C.4
Instance DB of FB 55 FMT_DS1
C-24
C.5
Instance DB of FB 56 FMT_TUN
C-26
C.6
Instance DB of FB 57 FMT_PV
C-30
C-1
C.1
Instance DB of FB 52 FMT_PID
In order to reduce the size of the calling interface, most of the parameters were
assigned to the internal static area (see below: OP, PAR and OUT structures).
The following tables list the parameters of these instance DBs:
C-2
Table C-1
Addr.
Parameter
0.0
MOD_ADDR INT
Module address
FM 355-2
2.0
CHANNEL
Controller
channel number
Data
type
INT
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
0 to 3
Default
Explanation
In
parameter
assignment
screen
form
256
Number of the
controller channel to
which the instance
DB is referenced to.
C-3
Table C-2
Addr.
Parameter
4.0
QMOD_F
BOOL
Module errors
FALSE
6.0
RET_VALU
WORD
SFC58/59
(WR_REC/RD_R
EC)
W#16#0
C-4
Data
type
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
Table C-3
Addr.
Parameter
8.0
COM_RST
BOOL
Restart
FALSE
When COM_RST =
TRUE, FB FMT_PID
performs an
initialization cycle and
resets COM_RST. This
initialization cycle is
necessary at every
CPU startup.
8.1
LOAD_OP
BOOL
Downloading
operator control
parameters to
FM 355-2
FALSE
8.2
READ_OUT
BOOL
Read output
parameters from
FM 355-2
FALSE
8.3
LOAD_PAR
BOOL
Downloading
controller
parameters to
FM 355-2
FALSE
8.4
READ_PAR
BOOL
Reading
controller
parameters from
FM 355-2
FALSE
When parameter
READ_PAR = TRUE,
the controller
parameters are fetched
from FM 355-2 and
written to the PAR
structure of the
instance DB. Then, the
transitional parameter
is reset.
Data
type
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
C-5
Table C-4
Addr.
Data
type
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
10.0
vers_nr
WORD
Version, is always
3230; do not
change
12.0
SP_RE
REAL
external setpoint
value
technical
range of
0.0
An external setpoint
value is connected to
values
(physical
SP_RE. *)
variable)
16.0
LMN_RE
REAL
external
manipulated value
100.0 ...
100.0 (%)
0.0
An external
manipulated value is
connected to the
controller at input
LMN_RE. *)
20.0
SAFE_ON
BOOL
Setting safety
mode
FALSE
When SAFE_ON is
set, a safety value is
applied as
manipulated value.
20.1
LMNTRKON
BOOL
Correction (LMN
via AI)
FALSE
When LMNTRKON
is set, the
manipulated value is
compensated via an
analog input (AI).
(Does not apply to a
step controller
without analog
position feedback)
20.2
LMN_REON
BOOL
switch on external
manipulated value
FALSE
When LMN_REON
is set, the external
manipulated value
LMN_RE is applied
as manipulated value
(Manual mode).
C-6
Table C-4
Addr.
20.3
LMNRHSRE
Data
type
BOOL
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
FALSE
feedback
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
stop can be
connected to a digital
input of FM 355-2 or
to the input
LMNRHSRE.
LMNRHSRE =
TRUE means: The
control valve is at the
upper end stop.
(Only with step
controller).
20.4
LMNRLSRE
BOOL
FALSE
feedback
stop can be
connected to a digital
input of FM 355-2 or
to the input
LMNRLSRE.
LMNRLSRE = TRUE
means: The control
valve is at the lower
end stop. (Only with
step controller).
20.5
LMNS_ON
BOOL
Enable operator
control of
FALSE
Enable operator
control of
manipulated
manipulated
variables
step controller;
Manual mode).
20.6
LMN_UP
BOOL
Operator control of
the manipulated
FALSE
Operator control of
manipulated variable,
20.7
LMN_DN
BOOL
Operator control of
the manipulated
value signal, low
FALSE
Operator control of
the manipulated
C-7
Table C-4
Addr.
22.0
SAVE_PAR
Data
type
BOOL
Comment
Saving controller
parameters
Permitted
range of
values
Default
FALSE
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
(SAV_PFAC=PFAC_
SP, SAV_GAIN
=GAIN, SAV_TI =TI,
SAV_TD = TD,
SAV_D_F =D_F,
SAV_CONZ =
CON_ZONE,
SAV_RATI
=RATIOFAC,
SAV_CZON=CONZ_
ON,
SAV_PSEL=P_SEL)
**).
22.1
Undo changes to
controller
parameters
FALSE
C-8
Table C-4
Addr.
22.2
LOAD_PID
Data
type
BOOL
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
FALSE
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
PID_ON=TRUE
(PID_GAIN, PID_TI,
PID_TD). Loads the
PI parameters when
PID_ON=FALSE
(PI_GAIN, PI_TI).
(also applies to
automatic mode) **).
22.3
TUN_ON
BOOL
Enable controller
tuning
FALSE
TUN_ON=TRUE
sets FM 355-2 ready
for tuning
(PHASE=1): The
mean manipulated
value is formed until
actual value variable
excitation is enabled
**).
22.4
TUN_ST
BOOL
Start controller
tuning
FALSE
TUN_CST
BOOL
FALSE
manipulated value
jump determined by
TUN_CLMN
(PHASE 1 2) **).
*)
With fast data transfer in auto mode across the I/O area of FM 355-2 (LOAD_OP = FALSE) only the setpoint value SP_RE
is transferred. In manual mode, only the manually set manipulated value is transferred.
**) With fast data transfer across the I/O area of the FM 355-2 these parameters are not transferred. FB FMT_PID
automatically sets LOAD_OP = TRUE.
C-9
Table C-5
Addr.
Parameter
24.0
vers_nr
Data
type
WORD
Comment
Version, is
always 3230; do
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
W#16#3230
W#16#32
30
not change
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
vers_nr. It identifies
the start of the
controller parameters
which are fetched
from the FM with
READ_PAR = TRUE
and written to the
instance -DB, or
downloaded to the
FM with LOAD_PAR
= TRUE.
26.0
P_SEL
BOOL
Enable the P
portion
TRUE
PID
controller
MONERSEL
BOOL
Monitoring:
Process variable
FALSE
The controller is
equipped with a limit
=0
Error signal = 1
can be used to
Interrupt
Controller
C-10
Table C-5
Addr. Parameter
26.2
PID_ON
Data
type
BOOL
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
TRUE
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
tuning or when
LOAD_PID =TRUE.
PI parameters are
enabled when
PID_ON =FALSE.
However, some
process types will
only generate a PI
controller,
irrespective of the
status PID_ON =
TRUE.
26.3
CONZ_ON
BOOL
Enable control
zone
FALSE
Control zone
FALSE = Control
zone is disabled
28.0
D_EL_SEL
INT
0 to 3, 16, 17
16
element
Controller
error signal
of a derivative action
element to a separate
input which can be
selected at parameter
D_EL_SEL.
16: Error signal
0 to 3: Analog input 0
to 3
17: negative actual
value
30.0
SP_HLM
REAL
> SP_LLM
(physical
variable)
100.0
Limiting
Setpoint
value
Parameter SP_HLM
Controller
C-11
Table C-5
Addr. Parameter
34.0
SP_LLM
Data
type
REAL
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
< SP_HLM
(physical
Default
0.0
variable)
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
Limiting
the controller
setpoint
Parameter SP_LLM
specifies the low limit.
38.0
H_ALM
REAL
> H_WRN
(physical
100.0
variable)
42.0
H_WRN
REAL
> H_ALM
(physical
Controller
interrupt
monitoring.
90.0
variable)
Controller
interrupt
error signal
monitoring.
46.0
L_WRN
REAL
H_WRN ...
L_ALM
(physical
variable)
10.0
Controller
interrupt
50.0
L_ALM
REAL
< L_WRN
(physical
variable)
0.0
Controller
interrupt
54.0
HYS
REAL
Hysteresis
>= 0.0
(physical
variable)
1.0
Controller
interrupt
58.0
DEADB_W
REAL
>= 0.0
(physical
variable)
0.0
Dead time
Controller
62.0
PFAC_SP
REAL
Proportional
factor
1.0
PFAC_SP specifies
the effective
proportional action at
setpoint value
changes.
PID
controller
66.0
GAIN
REAL
Proportional
action coefficient
%/physical
variable
1.0
Parameter GAIN
specifies the
controllers gain.
PID
controller
A negative signed
GAIN inverts the
control direction.
C-12
Table C-5
Addr. Parameter
Data
type
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
70.0
TI
REAL
Integration time
(s)
= 0.0
or
>= 0.5
3000.0
Parameter TI (integral
action time)
determines the time
behavior of the
integrator. The
integrator is disabled
when TI = 0.0.
PID
controller
74.0
TD
REAL
Derivative action
time (s)
= 0.0
or
>= 1.0
0.0
Parameter TD (rate
time) determines the
time behavior of the
differentiator (D action
element). The
differentiator is
disabled when TD =
0.0.
PID
controller
78.0
D_F
REAL
Derivative action
factor
5.0
PID
controller
82.0
LMN_SAFE
REAL
Safety
manipulated
valaue
100.0 ...
100.0 (%)
0.0
Switch
safety
manipulated
value
Controller
86.0
LMN_HLM
REAL
LMN_LLM ...
100.0 (%)
100.0
The manipulated
value is always
assigned a
hysteresis. Parameter
LMN_HLM specifies
the high limit.
Limiting
Manipulated
value
Controller
94.0
LMN_LLM
MTR_TM
REAL
REAL
Motor positioning
time (s)
100.0 ...
LMN_HLM
(%)
MTR_TM >=
0.001
0.0
60.0
The manipulated
value is always
assigned a
hysteresis. Parameter
LMN_LLM specifies
the low limit. (Does
not apply to a step
controller without
analog position
feedback)
Limiting
Limit-to-limit runtime
of the control valve
(only with step
controller).
Pulse shaper
Manipulated
variable
Controller
Controller
C-13
Table C-5
Addr. Parameter
98.0
102.0
PULSE_TM
BREAK_TM
Data
type
REAL
REAL
Comment
Minimum pulse
period (s)
Minimum
interpulse period
(s)
Permitted
range of
values
>= 0.0
>= 0.0
Default
0.0
0.0
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
Pulse shaper
Minimum interpulse
width (only with
stepping/pulse
controllers)
Pulse shaper
Split-range
controller/
Pulse
controller
Split-range
controller/pul
se shaper
Controller
106.0
RATIOFAC
REAL
Ratio factor
= 0.0 or 0.01
... 100.0
0.0
110.0
CON_
ZONE
REAL
Control zone
width
> 0.0
100.0
technical
range of
values
(physical
variables
Cooling
LMN = LMN *
RATIOFAC for
LMN<0.0;
CON_ZONE
increase by 50%
If ER >=
CON_ZONE, then
LMN = LMN_HLM.
Control zone
If ER <=
-CON_ZONE (or.
-CON_ZONE/RATIO
FAC for
RATIOFAC<>0.0),
then LMN =
LMN_LLM.
114.0
TUN_DLMN
REAL
Delta
manipulated
value for process
excitation
100.0 ...
100.0 (%)
20.0
PID
controller
118.0
TUN_CLMN
REAL
Delta
manipulated
value for cooling
tuning
100.0 ...
100.0 (%)
20.0
Manipulated variable
jump after cooling
tuning, determined in
TUN_CST.
PID
controller
C-14
Table C-6
Addr.
Internal parameters of the instance DB for FMT_PID (output parameters in the OUT structure)
Parameter
Data
type
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
122.0
vers_nr
WORD
Version, is
always 3230; do
not change
W#16#3230
124.0
PV
REAL
Process
variable
technical
range of
values
(physical
variable)
0.0
128.0
LMN
REAL
Manipulated
variable
100.0 ...
100.0 (%)
0.0
QSPOPON
BOOL
Setpoint value
operation
enabled
FALSE
132.1
QLMNSAFE
BOOL
Safe mode of
operation
FALSE
132.2
QLMNOPON
BOOL
Operator control
of manipulated
variables is
enabled
FALSE
132.3
QLMNTRK
BOOL
Correction
mode
FALSE
Output QLMNTRK
indicates whether the
manipulated value is
compensated via an
analog input.
132.4
QLMN_RE
BOOL
external
manipulated
value enabled
FALSE
Output QLMN_RE
indicates whether
LMN_REON is set and
the external
manipulated value
LMN_RE is applied as
manipulated value.
C-15
Table C-6
Internal parameters of the instance DB for FMT_PID (output parameters in the OUT structure)
Addr.
Parameter
Data
type
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
132.5
QLMNR_HS
BOOL
FALSE
QLMNR_HS = TRUE
means: The control
valve is at the upper
end stop. (Only with
step controller).
132.6
QLMNR_LS
BOOL
FALSE
QLMNR_LS = TRUE
means: The control
valve is at the lower end
stop.
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
133.0
QLMNR_ON
QSTEPCON
BOOL
BOOL
Position
feedback is
enabled
FALSE
Step controller
FALSE
QLMNR_ON = TRUE
means:
0 = Pulse controller
or closed-loop controller
and
1 = Step controller
133.1
QSPR
BOOL
Split-range
mode
FALSE
The closed-loop
controller operates in
split-range mode when
output QSPR is set.
133.3
QMAN_FC
BOOL
Correction
mode or
Anti-Reset-Win
dup by
follow-up
controller
FALSE
This controller is a
reference variable
controller. It is manually
corrected with reference
to the actual value of a
follow-up controller, or
its I element is disabled
because the follow-up
controllers setpoint or
manipulated variable
has reached the limit.
133.4
QACT_OP
BOOL
Update
operational
status
FALSE
not used
134.0
QH_ALM
BOOL
FALSE
134.1
QH_WRN
BOOL
FALSE
C-16
Table C-6
Internal parameters of the instance DB for FMT_PID (output parameters in the OUT structure)
Addr.
Parameter
Data
type
Comment
134.2
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
QL_WRN
BOOL
FALSE
134.3
QL_ALM
BOOL
FALSE
134.4
QLMN_ HLM
BOOL
upper limit
signal of the
manipulated
value was
triggered
FALSE
Output QLMN_HLM
134.5
QLMN_LLM
BOOL
FALSE
Output QLMN_LLM
reports that the
manipulated value low
limit LMN_HLM has
been reached.
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
QPAR_F
BOOL
Configuration
error
FALSE
134.7
QCH_F
BOOL
Channel error
FALSE
C-17
Table C-6
Internal parameters of the instance DB for FMT_PID (output parameters in the OUT structure)
Addr.
Parameter
135.0
QUPRLM
135.1
QDNRLM
Data
type
BOOL
BOOL
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Setpoint
gradient
limitation has
responded
FALSE
negative
setpoint
gradient
limitation has
responded
FALSE
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
setpoint drop in
negative direction is
limited when output
QDNRLM is set.
135.2
QSP_HLM
BOOL
setpoint high
limit has
responded
FALSE
Output QSP_HLM
reports that the setpoint
high limit SP_HLM has
been reached.
135.3
QSP_LLM
BOOL
setpoint low
limit has
responded
FALSE
Output QSP_LLM
reports that the setpoint
low limit SP_LLM has
been reached.
135.4
QLMNUP
BOOL
High signal of
the manipulated
value
FALSE
Output Manipulated
value high signal.
(applies only to stepping
or pulse controller)
135.5
QLMNDN
BOOL
Low signal of
the manipulated
value
FALSE
Output Manipulated
value low signal.
135.6
QTUN_ON
BOOL
Tuning is busy
FALSE
135.7
PAR_ACT
BOOL
Update
controller
parameters
FALSE
136.0
SP
REAL
Setpoint
technical
range of
values
(physical
variable)
0.0
Effective setpoint
value. *)
140.0
ER
REAL
Error
technical
range of
values
(physical
variable)
0.0
*)
144.0
DISV
REAL
Disturbance
100.0 ...
100.0 (%)
0.0
Effective disturbance. *)
C-18
QTUN_ON = TRUE
indicates that tuning is
busy.
Table C-6
Internal parameters of the instance DB for FMT_PID (output parameters in the OUT structure)
Addr.
Parameter
148.0
LMN_A
Data
type
REAL
Comment
Manipulated
value A of the
split-range
function /
position
feedback
Permitted
range of
values
100.0 ...
100.0 (%)
Default
0.0
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
*)
152.0
LMN_B
REAL
Manipulated
variable B of the
split-range
function
100.0 ...
100.0 (%)
0.0
The closed-loop or
pulse controller output
LMN_B returns the
value of manipulated
value B of the
split-range function. *)
156.0
PHASE
INT
Tuning phases
0..7
158.0
STATUS_H
INT
Status of
heating tuning
160.0
STATUS_C
INT
Status of
cooling tuning
162.0
STATUS_D
INT
Status of
controller tuning
164.0
ZONE_TUN
WORD
For parallel
tuning of a
group of
controller
channels in one
zone
W#16#0
*)
These parameters will not be transferred during a fast data transfer across the I/O area of FM 355-2 (READ_OUT =
FALSE).
C-19
C.2
Instance DB of FB 53 FMT_PAR
Table C-7
Addr.
Parameter
0.0
MOD_ADDR INT
Module address
FM 355-2
2.0
CHANNEL
INT
Channel number
4.0
INDEX
INT
6.0
VALUE_R
10.0
VALUE_I
Table C-8
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
256
0 to 3
Index for
parameters
0 to 100
see Chapter 7
REAL
depends on
0.0
the respective
parameter
see Chapter 7
INT
depends on
0
the respective
parameter
see Chapter 7
Addr.
Parameter
12.0
RET_VALU
C-20
Data
type
Data
type
WORD
Comment
Return value
SFC 58
(WR_REC)
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
W#16#0
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
Table C-9
Addr.
Parameter
Data
type
+14.0
LOAD_PAR
BOOL
Comment
Download
controller
parameters to
FM 355-2
Permitted
range of
values
Default
FALSE
Explanation
VALUE_R or VALUE_I
is written to the module
when the transitional
parameter LOAD_PAR is
set. INDEX specifies the
parameter which is to be
overwritten (see Chapter
7.2, Page 7-3). On
completion, LOAD_PAR
is reset.
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
C-21
C.3
Instance DB of FB 54 FMT_CJ_T
Parameter
0.0
MOD_ADDR INT
Module address
FM 355-2
2.0
CJ_TEMP
Reference
junction
temperature
Data
type
REAL
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
depends on
the sensor
type
Default
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
256
0.0
Parameter
6.0
CJ_T_OUT
REAL
Reference
junction
temperature
(Output)
0.0
Output CJ_T_OUT
returns the reference
junction temperature
measured by the module,
provided a thermocouple
input has been
configured and there is
no default configuration
of the reference junction
temperature.
10.0
RET_VALU
WORD
Return value
SFC 58/59
W#16#0
C-22
Data
type
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
Parameter
12.0
12.1
Data
type
Comment
LOAD_CJ
BOOL
Download of the
reference junction
temperature
value to
FM 355-2
FALSE
READ_CJ
BOOL
Reading the
reference junction
temperature from
FM 355-2
FALSE
When parameter
READ_CJ = TRUE, the
reference junction
temperature is read from
the module. The
transitional parameter is
then reset.
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
C-23
C.4
Instance DB of FB 55 FMT_DS1
Parameter
0.0
MOD_ADDR INT
Data
type
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Module address
FM 355-2
Default
256
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
which is determined in
the configuration under
STEP 7 is found at this
input.
Parameter
2.0
16.0
C-24
Data
type
Comment
DS1
STRUCT
Diagnostics data
record DS1
RET_VALU
INT
Permitted
range of
values
Default
W#16#0
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
contains bytes 0 to 12
(described in Chapter
12)
RET_VALU contains
the return value
RET_VAL of SFC 59.
18.0
Parameter
READ_DS1
Data
type
BOOL
Comment
Reading DS1
from FM 355-2
Permitted
range of
values
Default
FALSE
Explanation
When parameter
READ_DS1 =
TRUE, the
diagnostics data
record DS1 is
fetched from
FM 355-2 and
written to the DS1
structure of the
instance DB. The
transitional
parameter is then
reset.
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
C-25
C.5
Instance DB of FB 56 FMT_TUN
Parameter
0.0
MOD_ADDR INT
Module address
FM 355-2
2.0
CHANNEL
Channel number
Data
type
INT
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
0 to 3
Default
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
256
Parameter
4.0
PI_GAIN
REAL
PI controller gain
0.0
PI controller parameters
8.0
PI_TI
REAL
PI controller
integration time
(s)
0.0
PI controller parameters
12.0
PID_GAIN
REAL
PID controller
gain
0.0
PID controller
parameters
16.0
PID_TI
REAL
PID controller
integration time
0.0
PID controller
parameters
20.0
PID_TD
REAL
PID controller
derivative time (s)
0.0
PID controller
parameters
24.0
SAV_PFAC
REAL
Old proportional
factor
0.0
Saved controller
parameters
28.0
SAV_GAIN
REAL
Old controller
gain value
0.0
Saved controller
parameters
32.0
SAV_TI
REAL
Old controller
integration time
(s)
0.0
Saved controller
parameters
36.0
SAV_TD
REAL
Old controller
derivative action
time (s)
0.0
Saved controller
parameters
C-26
Data
type
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
Data
type
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
40.0
SAV_D_F
REAL
Old derivative
factor
0.0
Saved controller
parameters
44.0
SAV_RATI
REAL
0.0
Saved controller
parameters
48.0
SAV_CONZ
REAL
0.0
Saved controller
parameters
52.0
SAV_PSEL
BOOL
Old value of
P_SEL
FALSE
Saved controller
parameters
52.1
SAV_CZON
BOOL
FALSE
Saved controller
parameters
54.0
RET_VALU
WORD
W#16#0
Parameter
Data
type
56.0
READ_OUT
BOOL
Comment
Fetching output
parameters from
FM 355-2
Permitted
range of
values
Default
FALSE
Explanation
When transitional
parameter READ_OUT
is set, the output
parameters are fetched
from FM 355-2.
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
C-27
Table C-19 Internal parameters of the instance DB for FMT_TUN (in the OUT structure)
Addr.
Parameter
152.0
GAIN_P
REAL
Process gain
(physical
variable) /%
0.0
156.0
TU
REAL
3*Scan time
0.0
160.0
TA
REAL
Correction time
(s)
0.0
0.0
Identified adjustment
reaction time of the
process.
Data
type
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
KIG
REAL
Maximum actual
value ramp
response time
with manipulated
value excitation
from 0 to 100%
(physical
variable) /s
0.0
168.0
N_PTN
REAL
Process order
0.0
Process order.
Non-integer values are
also possible.
172.0
TM_LAG_P
REAL
Time constant of
a PTN model (s)
0.0
0.0
T_P_INF
REAL
Time-to-go until
the inflection
point is reached
(s)
0.0
0.0
180.0
P_INF
REAL
Actual value at
the inflection
point - PV0 - PV0
physical
variable
0.0
184.0
LMN0
REAL
Manipulated
variable at the
start of tuning
100.0 ...
100.0 (%)
0.0
Is determined in phase 1
(average value)
188.0
PV0
REAL
Actual value at
the start of tuning
(physical
variable)
0.0
Is determined in phase 1
(average value)
192.0
PVDT0
REAL
Actual value
gradient at the
start of tuning
(physical
variable) /s
0.0
Sign is adapted.
196.0
PVDT
REAL
Current actual
value gradient
(physical
variable) /s
0.0
Sign is adapted.
C-28
Table C-19 Internal parameters of the instance DB for FMT_TUN (in the OUT structure)
Addr. Parameter
Data
type
Comment
200.0
PVDT_MAX
REAL
Maximum actual
value change
204.0
NOI_PVDT
REAL
Noise fraction in
PVDT_MAX in %
208.0
NOISE_PV
REAL
Absolute actual
value noise
212.0
FIL_CYC
INT
214.0
POI_CMAX
216.0
POI_CYCL
Permitted
range of
values
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
0.0
Maximum derivative of
the actual value at the
point of inflection (sign
adapted, always > 0),
used to calculate TU and
KIG.
0.0
(physical
variable) /s
0.0
Difference between
maximum and minimum
actual value in phase 1.
Number of
average filter
cycles
1 ... 1024
INT
Maximum number
of cycles at the
inflection point
INT
Number of cycles
after the point of
inflection is
reached
(physical
variable) /s
Default
C-29
C.6
Instance DB of FB 57 FMT_PV
Parameter
0.0
S_AION
ARRAY
[0..3] of
BOOL
Switch:Simulation
of the analog
input value via
PV_SIM
FALSE
2.0
S_PVON
ARRAY
[0..3] of
BOOL
Switch:Simulation
of the
pre-processed
analog input
value via PV_SIM
FALSE
4.0
PV_SIM
ARRAY
[0..3] of
BOOL
Simulation
variable for
analog input
0.0
For example, at
input PV_SIM[1] the
simulation value is
set for analog input
1. If S_PVON =
TRUE, the analog
value
pre-processed at
this location will be
set by default. If
S_PVON = FALSE
and S_AION =
TRUE, the analog
input value is here
specified in mA or
mV units, and
converted by the
pre-processing
function to a
pre-processed
value.
C-30
Data
type
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
Data
type
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
20.0
S_DION
ARRAY
[0..7] of
BOOL
Switch:Simulation
of the analog
input value by
DI_SIM
FALSE
22.0
DI_SIM
ARRAY
[0..7] of
BOOL
Simulation value
for digital input
FALSE
24.0
MOD_ADDR INT
Module address
FM 355-2
256
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
The module
address which is
determined in the
configuration under
STEP 7 is found at
this input.
Parameter
Data
type
26.0
STAT_DI
ARRAY
[0..7] of
BOOL
Status of the
digital inputs
DI0 ... DI7
FALSE
The STAT_DI
parameters return
the status of the
digital inputs 0 ... 7.
28+
(Chan
nel
numb
er x8)
DIAG[x].PV_
PER
ARRAY
[0..3] of
STRUCT
Analog input
value 0 ... 20 mA;
10000 ... 10000
mV
0.0
Parameter
DIAG[x].PV_PER
returns, for
example, the analog
input value for the
module in mA or mV
units.
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
C-31
Data
type
Comment
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
In parameter
assignment
screen
form
32+
(Chan
nel
numb
er x8)
DIAG[x].PV_
PHY
ARRAY
[0..3] of
STRUCT
pre-processed
analog input
value, physical
unit
0.0
Parameter
DIAG[x].PV_PHY,
for example, returns
the pre-processed
analog input value
of the module in
physical units.
60.0
RET_VALU
WORD
W#16#0
RET_VALU
contains the return
value RET_VAL of
SFC 58/59.
RET_VALU can be
evaluated if an error
has been reported
at QMOD_F (see
the reference
manual System
software for
S7-300/S7-400
System and
Standard
Functions).
C-32
Parameter
62.0
62.1
Data
type
Comment
LOAD_PV
BOOL
Download actual
values to
FM 355-2
FALSE
READ_PV
BOOL
Fetching actual
values from
FM 355-2
FALSE
When parameter
Permitted
range of
values
Default
Explanation
In the
parameter
assignment
screen
form
C-33
JOB_ERR
(Hex)
80A0
JOB_ERR
(Dec)
JOB_ERR
(Int)
Meaning
32928
32608
80A1
32929
32607
80A2
32930
32606
80A3
80A4
32931
32932
32605
32604
80B1
32945
32591
80B2
32946
32590
80B3
80C0
32947
32960
32589
32576
Actual module type does not match the configured module type.
Module data not ready for reading.
80C1
32961
32575
80C2
32962
32574
80C3
80C4
32963
32964
32573
32572
80C5
32965
32571
80C6
8522
32966
34082
32570
31454
8532
34098
31438
853A
34106
31430
8544
34116
31420
8723
34595
30941
8730
34608
30928
8732
873A
34610
34618
30926
30918
8745
34629
30907
D-1
D-2
List of abbreviations
Parameter names of FMT_PID und FMT_TUN are used in the text in the same
way as abbreviations. The table below shows the assignment to the parameters of
the FBs. The Structure column has no entry if the parameter is not found in any
structure.
Abbreviation
Explanation
FB
Structure
BREAK_TM
FMT_PID
PAR
COM_RST
Restart
FMT_PID
CON_ ZONE
FMT_PID
PAR
CONZ_ON
FMT_PID
PAR
D_EL_SEL
FMT_PID
PAR
D_F
Derivative factor
FMT_PID
PAR
DEADB_W
FMT_PID
PAR
DISV
Disturbance
FMT_PID
OUT
ER
Error
FMT_PID
OUT
FIL_CYC
FMT_TUN
OUT
GAIN
FMT_PID
PAR
GAIN_P
Process gain
FMT_TUN
OUT
H_ALM
FMT_PID
PAR
H_WRN
FMT_PID
PAR
HYS
Hysteresis
FMT_PID
PAR
KIG
FMT_TUN
OUT
L_ALM
FMT_PID
PAR
L_WRN
FMT_PID
PAR
LMN
Manipulated variable
FMT_PID
OUT
LMN_A
FMT_PID
OUT
LMN_B
FMT_PID
OUT
LMN_DN
FMT_PID
OP
LMN_HLM
FMT_PID
PAR
LMN_LLM
FMT_PID
PAR
LMN_RE
FMT_PID
OP
LMN_REON
FMT_PID
OP
LMN_UP
FMT_PID
OP
LMN0
FMT_TUN
OUT
E-1
List of abbreviations
Abbreviation
Explanation
FB
Structure
LMNRHSRE
FMT_PID
OP
LMNRLSRE
FMT_PID
OP
LMNS_ON
FMT_PID
OP
LMNTRKON
FMT_PID
OP
LOAD_OP
FMT_PID
LOAD_PAR
FMT_PID
LOAD_PID
FMT_PID
OP
MONERSEL
FMT_PID
PAR
MTR_TM
FMT_PID
PAR
N_PTN
Process order
FMT_TUN
OUT
NOI_PVDT
FMT_TUN
OUT
NOISE_PV
FMT_TUN
OUT
P_INF
FMT_TUN
OUT
P_SEL
FMT_PID
PAR
PFAC_SP
FMT_PID
PAR
PHASE
FMT_PID
OUT
PID_ON
FMT_PID
PAR
POI_CMAX
FMT_TUN
OUT
POI_CYCL
FMT_TUN
OUT
PULSE_TM
FMT_PID
PAR
PV
Actual value
FMT_PID
OUT
PV0
FMT_TUN
OUT
PVDT
FMT_TUN
OUT
PVDT_MAX
FMT_TUN
OUT
PVDT0
FMT_TUN
OUT
QDNRLM
FMT_PID
OUT
QH_ALM
FMT_PID
OUT
QH_WRN
FMT_PID
OUT
QL_ALM
FMT_PID
OUT
QL_WRN
FMT_PID
OUT
QLMN_ HLM
FMT_PID
OUT
QLMN_LLM
FMT_PID
OUT
QLMN_RE
FMT_PID
OUT
QLMNDN
FMT_PID
OUT
QLMNOPON
FMT_PID
OUT
QLMNR_HS
FMT_PID
OUT
QLMNR_LS
FMT_PID
OUT
QLMNSAFE
Safe mode
FMT_PID
OUT
QLMNTRK
Correction mode
FMT_PID
OUT
QLMNUP
FMT_PID
OUT
QSP_HLM
FMT_PID
OUT
E-2
List of abbreviations
Abbreviation
Explanation
FB
Structure
QSP_LLM
FMT_PID
OUT
QSPOPON
FMT_PID
OUT
QSPR
Splitrange mode
FMT_PID
OUT
QUPRLM
FMT_PID
OUT
RATIOFAC
FMT_PID
PAR
READ_OUT
FMT_PID
READ_PAR
FMT_PID
SAFE_ON
FMT_PID
PAR
SAVE_PAR
FMT_PID
OP
SP
FMT_PID
OUT
SP_HLM
FMT_PID
PAR
SP_LLM
FMT_PID
PAR
SP_RE
FMT_PID
OP
STATUS_C
FMT_PID
OUT
STATUS_D
FMT_PID
OUT
STATUS_H
FMT_PID
OUT
T_P_INF
FMT_TUN
OUT
TA
FMT_TUN
OUT
TD
FMT_PID
PAR
TI
FMT_PID
PAR
TM_LAG_P
FMT_TUN
OUT
TU
FMT_TUN
OUT
TUN_CLMN
FMT_PID
PAR
TUN_DLMN
FMT_PID
PAR
TUN_ON
FMT_PID
OP
TUN_CST
FMT_PID
OP
TUN_ST
FMT_PID
OP
UNDO_ PAR
FMT_PID
OP
ZONE_TUN
FMT_PID
OUT
E-3
List of abbreviations
E-4
Additional information
F.1
Supplementary literature
Basics on control engineering can be found in the following books:
Title
Vom Proze zur Regelung
Author
Giler/Schmid
Order no.
A19100-L531-F196
ISBN 3-8009-1551-0
Siemens
E80850-C331-X-A2
Mller, Jrgen
A19100-L531-B796
Grundlagen
Regeln mit SIMATIC
Praxisbuch fr Regelungen
mit SIMATIC S7 und
SIMATIC PCS7
ISBN 3-89578-147-9
F-1
Additional information
F.2
Order no.
Bus connector
6ES7390-0AA00-0AA0
Labeling sheet
6ES7392-2XX00-0AA0
6ES7912-0AA00-0AA0
6ES7392-1AJ00-0AA0
6ES7390-5AA00-0AA0
2 conductors with 2 to 6 mm
shielding diameter
1 conductor with 3 to 8 mm
shielding diameter
1 conductor with 4 to 13 mm
shielding diameter
F-2
6ES7390-5AB00-0AA0
6ES7390-5BA00-0AA0
6ES7390-5CA00-0AA0
Index
A
Backup-mode, 2-16
Blending control, Example, 13-20
Bus connector, 3-4
Bus connectors, 1-6
C
Cables, 4-9
cross-section, 4-9
for analog signals, 11-2, 11-13
Cascade control, Example, 13-18
CE, Marking, A-2
Changeover, manual-auto, 6-14
Channel number, enter in DB, 8-2
Channels, Number of, 1-2
Characteristics of the analog outputs
(FM 355-2 C), 10-7
Characteristics of the digital I/O (FM 355-2 S),
Characteristics, 10-2
Closed-loop controller, 1-1
Commissioning
creating a new project, 9-2
HW-installation and wiring, 9-1
Implementation of the FM in a project, 9-2
Saving the project, 9-4
Compensation
configured, 11-7
external, 11-7
Reference junction temperature, 11-6
Compensation of the reference junction
temperature, 2-6
Configuration, 3-2
Configuration data, saving, 9-3
Configuration software, 1-7, 2-11
Data flow, 2-10
Connecting to analog output, loads/actuators,
11-13
Connecting to digital output, loads/actuators,
11-15
Control algorithms, Block diagram, 6-10
Index-1
Index
Control parameters
attenuating, 7-30
calculating, 7-16
modifying, 7-30
Control response, 7-28
influencing with PFAC_SP, 7-28
Control structures of the FM 355-2, 1-2
Control zone, 7-23
Controller, 2-2
closed-loop, 1-1
self-adjusting, 1-2
Step- and pulse controller, 1-1
structure, 6-2
Controller output, 6-19
FM 355-2 S, 6-26
functions, 6-19
of the closed loop controller, 8-9, 8-12
of the pulse controller, 8-10, 8-12
Controller structure, 6-2
Controller tuning, 9-5
process, 7-6
Controller type, 6-2
Controllers, cascading ability, 2-15
Controlling method, 1-2
Cooling process, 7-2
Cooling tuning, 7-18
Correction, 6-19
Correction input, 6-19
Create project, new, 9-2
CSA, A-1
D
Dead band, 6-10
Dead time, 2-15
Diagnostic interrupt, 1-3
Diagnostics data record, 12-3
Diagnostics data record DS0,
Bit significance, 12-5
Diagnostics data record DS1,
Bit significance, 12-6
Diagnostics interrupt
Default setting, 12-3
enable, 12-3
OB 82, 12-3
triggering, 12-2, 12-3
What is a diagnostics interrupt?, 12-3
Diagnostics text, 12-4
Diagnostics-LEDs, 1-6
Index-2
E
Equivalent dead time TU, 7-3
Equivalent time constant TA, 7-3
Error
external, 12-2
internal, 12-2
Error indication, 12-2
Error signal, 6-3
Error signal formation
fixed setpoint/cascade controller, 8-12
Ratio controller, 6-6
Set-value-/Cascade controller, 6-4, 8-8
Three-step action controller, 6-5
Estimated error, B-1
Estimation error, 7-26
Example
Blending control, 13-20
Block structure, 13-5, 13-9, 13-13, 13-15
Cascade control, 13-18
Ratio control, 13-19
Step response of the control loop, 13-5,
13-9, 13-13
External error, 12-2
F
FB
FB
FB
FB
52 FMT_PID, 8-3
53 FMT_PAR, 8-14
54 FMT_CJ_T, 8-18
58 TCONT_CP
Block diagram PID algorithm, 6-25
Manipulated value calculation, 6-25
FB FMT_DS1, 8-19
FB FMT_PV, 8-20, 8-21
Index
G
Group error-LED, 12-2
H
Heating process, 7-2
HW-installation and wiring, 9-1
I
Input delay, 10-2
Input filter, 10-2
Installation, 5-1
Installation- and removal of the FM 355-2, 3-4
Instance-DB
create and configure, 8-2
generating, 9-4
of FB 52 FMT_PID, C-2
of FB 53 FMT_PAR, C-21
of FB 54 FMT_CJ_T, C-23
of FB 55 FMT_DS1, C-25
of FB 56 FMT_TUN, C-27
of FB 57 FMT_PV, C-31
Integral-control, 6-15
Integration time, 10-4
Internal error, 12-2
Interrupt, 6-9
L
Labeling strips, 1-6
LEDs, Meaning, 1-6
Limiting of the manipulated value, 6-20
Limiting/Scaling, 6-8
Line frequency, Adaptation, 2-5
Linearity , 7-5
Loads
connecting to analog output, 11-13
connecting to digital output, 11-15
connection to analog output, 11-14
M
Manipulated value, limiting, 6-20
Manipulated variable, at restart, 2-15
Index-3
Index
O
OB 82, Diagnostics interrupt, 12-3
Online-Help, 1-7
Operating point
with setpoint jump, 7-12
without setpoint jump, 7-13
Operating range, 7-5
Operator control errors, compensating, 7-14
Operator control via FMT_PID, 8-4
Order number, 1-6
P
Parallel tuning, 7-31
Parameter, Direct download, 2-11
Parameter assignment, 2-11, 9-3
Parameter assignment screen forms,
integrated help, 5-2
PD controller, step response, 6-15
PD-control, 6-15
PI-control, 6-14
PI-controller, step response, 6-14
PID-control, 6-16
PID-controller
Configuration, 6-17
Step response, 6-16
Index-4
Pin-out
FM 355-2 C, 4-3
FM 355-2 S, 4-5
Point of inflection, 7-25
identifying, 7-16
Polyline, 2-6
Position feedback input, 6-19
Power supply, to the transducers, 4-7
Power supply L+, M, 4-7
Process simulation, 13-4, 13-8
Process type, checking the, 7-17
Process types, 7-3
Processing sequence, 2-13, 2-14, 2-15
Program samples, 5-1
Proportional-control, 6-13
Pulse shaper, 6-23, 7-30
pulse shaper, 6-20
Pulse width modulation, 6-24
Pulse-free changeover, 6-14
R
Ramp, 6-8
Ratio control, Example, 13-19
README-File, 5-1
Reconfiguration, program controlled, 8-7
Reference input, 10-4
Reference junction, 1-3, 2-6, 2-13, 11-7
with thermocouple, 11-6
Reference junction input, 2-15
Reference junction temperature, 10-4, 11-5
compensation, 11-6
measurement, 11-6
Reference point, 11-2, 11-13
Release, 1-6
Removal of the FM 355-2, 3-4
Removing the FM 355-2, 3-5
Resistance thermometers, connection, 11-12
Resolution, Measurement value, 10-4
RET_VAL-messages, D-1
Rules for operation, 2-15
S
Safe manipulated value, 6-20
Safe setpoint, 6-7
Safety rules, 3-3
Sample application
Diagnostics, 13-15
FM 355-2 S, 13-11
Index
Sample program
Application, 13-3, 13-11
application, 13-7
Sampling time, 2-14, 2-15
Saving configuration data, 9-3
Saving the project, 9-6
Scaling, 2-6
Self-adjusting controller, 1-2
Setpoint, 6-7
Pre-processing, 6-7
Setpoint jump, 7-12
Simulation
of analog values, 8-21
of digital values, 8-21
Slots, permissible, 3-2
Split-range, 6-21, 6-23
Split-range function of the three-component
controller, 6-24
Split-range manipulated value, 6-20
Square root, 2-6
Start address, 3-2
Startup response, FM 355-2, 2-15
Status-LEDs, 1-6
Step controller output, 8-13
Step controller with position feedback, 6-26
Step controller without position feedback, 6-26
Step controllers, Peculiarities, 7-21
Step- and pulse controller, 1-1
T
Technical data
FM 355-2, A-3
Function blocks (FBs), A-8
Temperature, Centigrade/Fahrenheit, 2-6
Temperature control, 1-4
Temperature control systems, Characteristics
of important, 7-4
Terminal assignment, 1-6
Thermocouple, 11-5
connecting, 11-7
Connection options, 11-7
Operational characteristics, 11-5
Reference junction, 11-6
Structure, 11-5
Types, 11-5
with configured compensation, 11-9
with external compensation, 11-8
with internal compensation, 11-9
Three-step action controller, 6-24
Transient response, 7-5
Tuning
aborting, 7-25
result, 7-23
starting, 7-12
with step controller, 7-21
Tuning the control system, 9-4
Two, wire, 11-11
Two-step action controller, 6-23
Two-wire-measurement transducer, 11-2
U
UL, A-1
User data, implementation, 9-4
User program, link, 8-3
V
Voltage transducers, 11-2
Connection, 11-10
W
Wire break, 12-7
Wire end ferrule, 4-9
Index-5
Index
Index-6