Index

1%
flood, 20-6, 20-7
storm, 20-5
10-minute unit hydrograph, 20-13
100-year
flood, 20-6
storm, 20-5, 20-6
100% rated circuit breaker, 52-9
2-inch rule, 36-22
2, 4-D, 40-18
20 kHz response, 50-6
80%
rated circuit breaker, 52-9
rule, 52-9

A
A/C ratio, 38-20
Abatement sound, 50-11
Above-ground storage tank, 41-1
ABS pipe, 16-9, 25-4
Abscissa, 7-2
Absolute
convergence, 3-13
English system, 1-4
entropy, 29-6
pressure, 14-2
temperature, 29-4
temperature scale, 29-4, 29-5
viscosity, 14-6 (ftn)
Absorbed dose, 48-2
equivalent, neutron, 48-4 (tbl)
radiation, 46-12
Absorbent dehumidification, 31-12
Absorber, acoustic, 50-9
Absorption, 38-29
coefficient, 22-9, 39-9
coefficient, gas, 39-9 (tbl)
coefficient, sound, 50-9
dermal, 45-1
dry, 42-17
dynamometer, 53-13
factor, 42-21
gas, 42-2
instantaneous heat, 34-2
neutron, 49-6
process, 42-2
reaction, 49-6
surface, 50-10
Abstraction, initial, 20-2
Abundance, 48-4
relative, 22-2
AC machine, 52-11
Acanthamoeba castellani, 44-2 (tbl)
Accelerated
Cost Recovery System, 54-22
depreciation method, 54-22
flow, 19-21
Acceleration
centripetal, 15-19 (ftn)
fluid mass, 15-19
head, 18-2, 18-3
of gravity, 1-2
Acceptable risk, 51-8
Acceptance, 56-3
Accessibility, 19-16
Accident, highway, 51-1
Accidental infiltration, 32-5

Account
accumulated depreciation, 54-23 (ftn)
equipment, 54-23 (ftn)
Accounting, 54-36
convention, 54-34 (ftn)
equation, 54-33
principle, standard, 54-34 (ftn)
Accreditation Board for Engineering and
Technology, 57-1 (ftn)
Accrual system, 54-34
Accumulation, 8-7
nitrogen photolytic cycle and ground
level ozone, 38-10 (fig)
Accumulator, 17-39
Accuracy, 53-2
experiment, 11-12
ACFM, 36-2
ACGIH, 45-12
ACH50, 34-4
Acid, 22-12
amino, 43-1 (tbl)
carbonic, 22-20, 22-23, 23-2,
39-9, 42-23 (ftn)
carboxylic, 43-2 (tbl)
constant, 22-15
dissociation constant, A-78
-extractable metal, 25-14
fatty, 43-2 (tbl), 44-6
formation, 38-9
-forming bacteria, 27-15
gas, 40-4
haloacetic, 23-10
hydrochloric, 23-9, 38-3, 40-4
hypochlorous, 23-9
organic, 43-2 (tbl)
pollution, 38-9
polyprotic, 22-16
rain, 38-38, 40-5
-splitting bacteria, 27-15
sulfuric, 38-10
sulfurous, 38-10
-test ratio, 54-35
volatile, 44-6
Acidity, 22-20, 23-2
Acoustic
absorber, 50-9
barrier, 50-10
impedance, 50-6
impedance, specific, 50-6
mass law, 50-11
ohm, 50-6
trauma, 46-10
velocity, 14-14, 50-5
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,
44-6, 46-25
Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, 16-9 (ftn)
Act
Clean Water, 28-8, 28-10
Food Security, 28-9
fraudulent, 56-6
Resource Conservation and
Recovery, 38-3
Rivers and Harbors, 28-8
Actinide, 22-2
Actinon, 22-2
Action
capillary, 14-12
chimney, 37-18

galvanic, 22-18
level, noise, OSHA, 50-12
line of, 5-1
pop, 16-12
proportional, 35-5
tort, 56-6
Activated
carbon, 26-13, 38-30, 42-3
carbon, granular, 24-14
charcoal, 42-3
sludge plant, characteristics, 27-3, 27-5
sludge process, 27-2
Active collection, gas, 39-6
Activity, 29-10, 48-2
and fugacity, 29-10
anthropogenic, 28-6 (tbl)
dummy, 55-13
nuclide, 46-13
-on-arc network, 55-12
-on-branch network, 55-12
-on-node network, 55-11
Actual
cubic feet per minute, 36-2
filtering velocity, 42-6
Actuator, 35-1
pneumatic, 35-1
Acute
angle, 6-1
exposure, 11-23, 48-3
toxicity test, 45-7
Added head, pump, 17-15
Addition
associative law, 4-4
commutative law, 4-4
of vectors, 5-3
Additive effects, law of, 45-12
Adenosine triphosphate, 44-5
Adenoviruses, 44-2 (tbl)
Adhesion, 14-12 (ftn)
Adiabatic, 16-2 (ftn)
air washer, 31-10
compressibility, 14-13
compression, 15-13, 51-7
flame temperature, 37-15, 37-16
lapse rate, 38-14, 38-15
lapse rate, dry, 38-14
mixing of air streams, 31-6
mixing of conditioned and bypass
air, 34-7 (fig)
mixing of inside and outside air, 34-6 (fig)
process, 30-2
saturation process, 31-10
Adjacent
angle, 6-1
side, angle, 6-2
space conditions, 33-2
Adjoint, classical, 4-5
Adjustable bar grille, 36-24
Administrative control (heat stress), 46-17
Admittance, 52-5
ADP, 34-7
Adsorbent, 24-9, 31-12 (ftn), 42-3 (ftn)
bed, 31-12
Adsorption, 24-14, 38-30, 42-3
carbon, 26-13
ratio, sodium, 23-11
two-in-series activated carbon,
38-31 (fig)

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INDEX - A

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I-2

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - A

Adult enteric botulism, 46-25

Advanced
flue gas cleanup, 42-4
oxidation, 42-4
oxidation process, 24-21
scrubbing, 37-5
wastewater treatment, 26-3
Advantage, mechanical, 15-14
Aerated
grit chamber, 26-6
lagoon, 26-5
Aeration, 24-4
characteristics, 27-2
complete-mix, 27-3
conventional, 27-3
cost, 27-9
extended, 27-2
high purity oxygen, 27-4
high-rate, 27-4
period, 27-8
power, 26-4, 26-5, 27-9
sludge, 27-2, 27-4
step-flow, 27-3
tank, 27-8
tapered, 27-3
Aero horsepower, 17-42
Aerobe, obligate, 44-3
Aerobic
decomposition, 44-5
digester, 27-15
digester, characteristics, 27-16 (tbl)
digestion, 27-15
pond, 26-4
Aerodynamic equivalent diameter, 40-9
Aerosol sulfate, 38-10
Affinity law, 18-18
fan, 36-10
Afterburner, 42-15
Afterburning, 38-32
Age
BOD, sludge, 27-5
of the suspected solids, 27-5
Agency, 56-3
Agent, 56-3
biological, 46-23
chelating, 42-20 (ftn)
contract, 56-3
weighting, 24-9
Aggressive index, 24-19
Agreement, letter of, 56-3
AHU, 35-2
AIA formula, 24-24
AIDS, 44-6, 46-25
Air, 31-1 (ftn)
Act, Clean, 38-2
adiabatic mixing of conditioned and
bypass, 34-7 (fig)
adiabatic mixing of inside and outside,
34-6 (fig)
-and-water system, 35-1
atmospheric, 27-8, 31-1, 37-8, 47-5 (tbl)
atmospheric, properties, A-20, A-21
blower, 27-9
bypass, recirculating, 34-6
carbon dioxide, 32-11
change method, 32-2
change rate, 34-4
composition, A-144
composition, dry, 37-8 (tbl)
concentration, derived, 48-8
conditioning deck, 36-13
conditioning load, 34-1
conditioning process, 31-6
conditioning system type, 35-1
contaminant regulations, A-146, A-148
density ratio, 36-2 (ftn)
dry, 31-1 (ftn)
energy content of, 31-3
excess, 22-8, 37-12
filter, 32-11
flow rate, SCFM, 27-9
fraction, primary outdoor, 32-4
/fuel ratio, 37-9, 37-11
handling unit (AHU), 32-11, 35-2, 36-3

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heater ash, 37-3

hood, 32-9
hood, auxiliary-, 32-9
hood, enclosure, 32-9
hood, nonbypass, 32-9
hood, nonenclosure, 32-9
horsepower, 36-6
ideal, 37-9
infiltration, 33-3
injection, 24-4
kilowatt, 36-6
leakage, building, 34-4
low-pressure, properties, A-100, A-101,
A-102, A-121, A-122, A-123
mean free path, 42-9
moist, 31-1 (ftn)
moist, enthalpy of, 31-3
monitoring, 47-4
oxygen content, 32-7
permeability, 34-4
pollutant, 40-2
pollutant, biological, 38-6
pollutant, hazardous, 38-3, 38-6
prewash, 24-14
process, 32-1 (ftn)
properties, A-20, A-143, A-144
quality health impact breakpoint,
38-14 (tbl)
quality index, 38-12
quality index categories, 38-13 (tbl)
quality monitoring, 38-11
quality procedure, indoor, 32-2
recirculation, 31-12
recirculation of clean, 32-11
recycle, 31-12
release to, 51-8
release valve, 16-12
return system, 36-31
sample, whole, 37-19
saturated, 31-2
-side economizer, 34-2
space, 33-2
space, thermal conductance, 33-2
stoichiometric, 37-9
stream, adiabatic mixing of, 31-6
stripping, 26-12, 42-20
system, return, 36-21
table, 29-11
-to-cloth ratio, 38-20 (tbl), 42-5
toxic, 40-2
ultra-low penetration, 32-11
unit, make-up, 36-3
unsaturated, 31-2
valve, combination, 16-14
valve, double orifice, 16-14
valve, siphon, 16-14
ventilation, 33-3
volume box, variable, 36-3
volume control, 35-1
volume terminal box, variable, 36-3
washer, 31-10 (ftn)
washer, adiabatic, 31-10
Airflow zone, outdoor, 32-3
Airfoil, 17-39
Alachlor, 40-18
ALARA, 48-12
Alcohol, (tbl), 37-7, 43-2 (tbl)
aliphatic, 43-2 (tbl)
aromatic, 43-2 (tbl)
ethyl, 37-7
grain, 37-7
methyl, 37-7
Aldehyde, 38-6, 43-1 (tbl), 43-2 (tbl)
Aldrin, 40-17
Alert level, recommended, 46-15
Algae, 44-1, 44-2 (tbl), 44-3
growth, in water, 23-7
pretreatment, 24-3
Algebra, 3-1
matrix, 4-4
Algebraic equation, 3-2
Algicide, 24-3
ALI radionuclide, A-152
Alias component, 9-8 (ftn)

M A N U A L

Aliphatic, 38-7 (fig)

alcohol, 43-2 (tbl)
Alkali metal, 22-2
Alkaline earth metal, 22-2
Alkalinity, 22-20, 23-2, 23-4,
23-5 (fig), 24-19
methyl orange, 22-21
phenolphthalein, 22-21
Alkane, 37-2, 43-1, 43-3 (tbl)
Alkene, 37-2, 43-1
Alkoxy, 43-1 (tbl)
Alkyl, 43-1 (tbl)
halide, 43-2 (tbl)
Alkyne, 37-2, 43-1, 43-2 (tbl)
All
-air system, 35-1
-volatile treatment, 22-24
-water system, 35-1
Allergen, 38-6, 40-5
biological, 46-23
Allochthonous material, 23-7
Allowance
depletion, 54-24
exposure, 33-2
trade-in, 54-18
Alloys, properties, A-131
Alpha, 11-15
particle, 49-2 (tbl)
particle, radiation, 46-12
particle shielding, 49-2
risk, 11-15
-value, 53-5
Alphabet, Greek, 3-1
Alphanizomenon flos-aquae, 44-2 (tbl)
Alternate depth, 19-16
Alternating
current, 52-2, 52-4
sign series, 3-13
Alternative
comparison, 54-4
disinfectants, 23-10
disinfection, 26-13
hypothesis, 11-15
least environmentally damaging
practicable, 28-10
sewer, 25-4
to chlorination, 23-10, 24-21
Alternator, 52-11 (ftn)
Altitude
pressure at, 36-2 (tbl)
valve, 24-24, 24-25
Alum, 24-8
Alveoli, 45-2, 46-6
Amagat-Leducs rule, 29-18
Amagats law, 29-18
Ambient lapse rate, 38-15
Amemiza, 44-1
American
Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists, 45-12
Insurance Association formula, 24-24
Society of Civil Engineers, 57-1
wire gauge, 52-8
Amide, 43-2 (tbl)
Amine, 43-1 (tbl), 43-2 (tbl)
filming, 22-23
neutralizing, 22-23
polar, 22-23
Amino acid, 43-1 (tbl), 43-2 (tbl)
Ammonia
in wastewater, 25-14
in water, 23-8
nitrogen, in wastewater, 25-14
removal, in wastewater, 26-3, 26-13
slip, 42-19 (ftn)
stripping, 25-14, 26-13
toxic effect on fish, 23-8
un-ionized, in water, 23-8
Amoeba, 44-2 (tbl)
Amoebic dysentery, 44-2 (tbl)
Amortization, 54-24
Amount, factor compound, 54-5
Ampacity, 52-8

Ampere, 52-2
Amperometric sensor, 53-3
Anabaena flos-aquae, 44-2 (tbl)
Anabolism, 44-5
Anaerobe
digester, 27-16
obligate, 44-3
pond, 26-4
Anaerobic digester, characteristics, 27-17
Analysis (see also type)
chemical, 22-7
combustible, 37-2
comparative, 54-17
dimensional, 1-8
economic life, 54-4
economic, engineering, 54-2
Fourier, 9-6
frequency, 9-8 (ftn)
gravimetric, 37-2
horizon, 54-17
hydrograph, 20-7
incremental, 54-17
life-cycle cost, 55-7
numerical, 12-1
proximate, 37-2
qualitative risk, 11-19
quantitative risk, 11-19
replacement/retirement, 54-4
risk, 11-19
sensitivity, 54-44
signature, 9-8 (ftn)
spectrum, 9-8
time-series, 9-8 (ftn)
ultimate, 22-6, 22-7, 37-2
volumetric, 37-2
Analytic function, 8-1
Analyzer
FFT, 9-8
octave-band, 46-11
signal, 9-8
spectrum, 9-8
Anchor, trench, 39-4
Anechoic room, 50-6
Anemometer, 17-27
hot-wire, 17-27
Aneurysm, ulnar artery, 46-22
Angle
acute, 6-1
adjacent, 6-1
adjacent side, 6-2
between figures, 7-8
between lines, 6-1
complementary, 6-2
contact, 14-12
direction, 5-2, 7-5
face, 6-6
function of, 6-2
hypotenuse, 6-2
incident, 50-4
interfacial friction, 39-5 (tbl)
lift value, 16-12
miscellaneous formula, 6-4
obtuse, 6-1
of depression, 6-2
of elevation, 6-2
of intersection, 7-8
opposite side, 6-2
plane, 6-1
power, 52-7
reflection, 50-4
reflex, 6-1
related, 6-1
right, 6-1
solid, 6-6
stall, 17-40
straight, 6-1
supplementary, 6-1
trihedral, 6-6
type (see also by name), 6-2
valve, 16-12
vertex, 6-1
vertical, 6-2
yaw, 17-28
Angstrom, A-1, A-2

Angular
frequency, 52-4
momentum, 17-33
orientation, 5-1
Anhydride, 43-3 (tbl)
Anion, 23-1
Anisotropic material, 5-1
Annual
amount, 54-7
cost, 54-7
cost, equivalent uniform, 54-16
cost method, 54-15
effective interest rate, 54-5
equivalent cost, 54-16
growth rate, average, 3-11
limit on intake, 48-8
limit on intake, radionuclides, 48-10 (tbl)
return method, 54-15, 54-16
Annuity, 54-7
Anode, sacrificial, 22-18
Anoxic
condition, 44-3
decomposition, 44-5
denitrification, 44-3
Antecedent
moisture condition, 20-17 (ftn)
runoff condition, 20-17
Anterior chamber, eye, 45-3
Anthracite coal, 37-5
Anthrafilt, 24-13
Anthropogenic
activity, 28-6 (tbl)
effect, 28-5
Antibodies, 45-5
Anticipation control, 35-5
Antiderivative, 9-1
Antireversal valve, 16-12
Antoine equation, 14-10 (ftn)
API scale, 14-5
Apparatus
dew point, 31-8, 34-7
Orsat, 37-12
osmotic pressure, 14-10
sensible heat ratio, 31-7
Apparent
color, in water, 23-8
velocity, 21-4
Application
FE exam, 58-2
point of, 5-1
Approach
cooling tower, 31-13
velocity of, 16-4, 17-16, 17-17
Approximate heat generation by
occupant, 32-8 (tbl)
Approximation
series, 8-8
small angle, 6-3
AQI, 38-12
Aquatic plant, 23-8
Aquation, 22-10
Aquifer, 21-1
confined, 21-2
free, 21-1, 21-2
unconfined, 21-1, 21-2
Aramid fiber, 40-5
Arc, 55-10
ARC, 20-17
length, by integration, 9-5
Archimedes principle, 15-14
Architect, 56-4
Arctic, 40-17
Area, A-7, A-8
between two curves, 9-4
by integration, 9-4
centroid of an, 2-1
conversion, SI, A-3
core, 36-30
daylight, 36-30
effective, 36-30
first moment of, 2-2
free, 36-30
frontal, 17-41
gross, 36-30

I-3

gross filtering, 42-5

interfacial, 42-21
irregular, 7-1 (fig)
mensuration, A-8
method, landfill, 39-2
moment of inertia, 2-3, A-7
net filtering, 42-5
nonattainment, 38-2
sabin, 50-10
second moment of, 2-4
specific collection, 38-25, 42-9
specific, filter, 26-9
specific surface, 26-11
under standard normal curve, A-13 (tbl)
Areal, 1-8
density, 1-8
dust density, 42-5
measurements, 1-8
rain, 20-17
Argument, 3-7, 3-8
Arithmetic
growth rate, 3-11
mean, 11-12
sequence, 3-11
series, 3-12
Aromatic, 38-7 (fig), 43-3 (tbl)
alcohol, 43-2 (tbl)
hydrocarbon, 37-2
liquid, 14-10 (ftn)
Array, 4-1 (ftn)
Arrestance, 36-23
Arresting high-efficiency particulate, 32-11
Artery, aneurysm, ulnar, 46-22
Artesian well, 21-2
Arthropod hazard, 46-23
Artificial expense, 54-20
Aryl, (tbl), 43-1
halide, 43-3 (tbl)
As
-built document, 55-16
fired, 37-3
low as reasonably achievable, 48-12
Asbestos, 38-5, 38-37, 40-5, 46-7
-cement pipe, 16-9, 24-25, 25-4
-containing material, 38-5
Asbestosis, 38-37, 40-5, 46-7
Ascaris lumbricoides, 44-2 (tbl)
ASCE, 57-1
Aseptic meningitis, 44-2 (tbl)
Ash, 37-3
air heater, 37-3
bottom, 37-3, 40-5
coal, 37-4
combined, 40-5
economizer, 37-3
fly, 37-3
pit, 37-3
refractory, 37-3
soda, 24-15
ASME, long-radius nozzle, 17-32 (ftn)
Aspect ratio, 17-40
duct, 36-17
ellipse, 7-11
Aspergillus, 44-2 (tbl)
Asphaltic coating, 16-11
Asphyxiant
chemical, 46-3
simple, 46-3
Assessment
environmental, 28-11
exposure, 47-9
hazard, 47-1
life-cycle, 55-7
risk, 11-19
standards, exposure, 47-10 (tbl)
Asset
account, 54-33
capitalizing, 54-20
class, 54-20
current, 54-35
expensing, 54-20
fixed, 54-35
Assignment, 56-4

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I N D E X

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E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - B

Associative
law of addition, 3-3, 4-4
law of multiplication, 3-3, 4-4
set, law, 11-2
Assumed risk, 11-19
Asthma, 46-6
ASTM standards, pipe, 16-10
Asymmetrical function, 7-4
Asymptote, 7-2
Asymptotic, 7-2
Ataxia, 45-5
Atkinson (unit), 36-32
friction factor, 36-32
resistance, 36-32
Atmosphere, 31-1 (ftn)
air, 27-8
carbon dioxide, 32-11
earth, 15-12
oxygen-deficient, 32-7
oxygen-enriched, 32-7
pressure, 14-3
standard, A-3, A-4, A-58, A-144
Atmospheric
air, 27-8, 31-1, 37-8, 47-5 (tbl)
air properties, A-20, A-21
fluidized-bed combustion, 37-5
head, 18-6 (ftn)
stability categories, 38-18 (tbl)
Atom, 22-1
Atomic
mass unit, 22-1
number, 22-2, A-69
number, elements, A-69
numbers and weights of the
elements, A-69
structure, 22-1
weight, 22-2, A-69
weight, chemical, 22-2
Atomizing scrubber, 42-18
Atrazine, 40-18
Attack, intergranular, 22-19
Attenuation, 50-12
coefficient, mass, 49-4, 49-5 (tbl)
sound, 50-11
Attenuator, 50-12
Attractive rate of return, minimum, 54-16
Audibility, threshold of, 50-4
Audible sound, 46-8
Audiometry, 46-12
Augmented matrix, 4-1
Austenitic stainless steel, 22-19 (ftn)
Autochthonous material, 23-7
Autogenous waste, 42-11 (ftn)
Autoignition, 51-6
temperature, 37-8
Automatic damper, 36-24
Automobile emission control, 38-35
Autotroph, 44-1, 44-3
Autotrophic bacteria, 25-9
Auxiliary
-air hood, 32-9
equation, 10-1
Availability, 24-9, 30-12
function, steady-flow, 30-12
Available
combined residual, 25-13
draft, 37-17
hydrogen, 37-3, 37-14
lime, 24-9
method, 40-20
Average
annual daily flow, 24-22
annual growth rate, 3-11
change, 11-16
cost, 54-38
cost, weighted, 54-31
decrease, 11-16
depth, wetlands, 28-4
fuel economy, 38-35
heating load, 33-1
increase, 11-16
power, 52-7
precipitation, 20-2
pressure, 15-7

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speed of a molecule, 29-17

time-weighted, 32-10, 47-9, 50-12
value, 54-30
value, by integration, 9-4
value, sinusoid, 52-4
velocity, 16-8
volumetric-weighted, 38-8
Averaging
duration, 45-10, 51-8
period, 47-9
time, 47-9, 51-8
Avogadros
hypothesis, 22-5
law, 22-5, 29-14
number, 22-5
AWWA standards, pipe, 16-10
Axial-flow
fan, 36-4
impeller, 18-4, 24-11
turbine, 18-23
Axis
conjugate, 7-11
major, 7-11
minor, 7-11
parabolic, 7-10
principal, 2-8
rotation, 2-7
transverse, 7-11
Axon, 45-5

B
Babcock formula, 17-10
BAC-CAB identity, 5-5
Bacillary dysentery, 44-2 (tbl)
Back corona, 42-9
Background
noise, 50-4
radiation, 48-3
risk, 11-19
Backward-curved fan, 36-6
Backwashing filter, 24-13
Bacteremia, 46-25
Bacteria, 44-1, 44-2 (tbl), 44-3
acid-forming, 27-15
acid-splitting, 27-15
autotrophic, 25-9
carbonaceous, 25-9
facultative, 44-3
iron, 44-3
Bacteriology, 44-1
Badge dose, 50-12
Bag, Tedlar, 37-19
Baghouse, 38-19, 42-4
collection efficiency, 42-6
resistance, 42-5
types, 38-21 (fig)
Balance
books, 54-33
heat, human body, 46-14
sheet, 54-34
water, 28-2, 28-4
water, equation, 20-2
Balanced
draft, 37-17
draft point, 42-10
load, electrical, 52-11
Balancing
chemical equations, 22-7
duct, 36-23
Balantidiosis, 44-2 (tbl)
Balantidium coli, 44-2 (tbl)
Ball valve, 16-12
Ballast
circuit, 53-9
thermal, 42-13
Balling scale, 14-5 (ftn)
Balloon payment, 54-42
Ban, land, 41-2
Band
broad, 50-7
dead, 35-5
octave, 50-8
sound, 50-7

M A N U A L

Bandwidth, 9-8
of frequency analysis, 9-8
Bar chart, 55-9
water chemistry, 23-1
Barn, 49-7
neutron, A-153
Barometer, 15-2
multi-fluid, 15-5
Barometric
height relationship, 15-12
pressure, 14-3
Barrel, 19-27
Barrier
acoustic, 50-10
sound, 50-10
Base, 3-5, 22-12, 53-14
-8 system, 53-15
-10 number, 53-14
-16 system, 53-15
-b number, 53-14
constant, 22-15
dissociation constant, A-79
exchange, 22-21
exchange process, 24-17
flow, 20-7 (ftn)
temperature, degree-day, 33-6
time, 20-7
unit, 1-5
Baseball, 17-41 (ftn), 17-42
Baseline rate, 52-7
Basic
accounting equation, 54-33
fire flow, 24-23
shapes, 2-1, 2-4, A-7
Basin
chemical sedimentation, 26-8
sedimentation, plain, 26-6
Basis
daily compounding, 54-28
depreciation, 54-20
unadjusted, 54-21
Batch gravity thickening, 27-14
Bathtub distribution, 11-9
Baume scale, 14-5
Bayes theorem, 11-4
Bazin formula, 19-4 (ftn)
BCF, 45-11
steady-state, 45-11
Bearing test, three-edge, 16-11
Beattie-Bridgeman equation of state, 29-20
Becquerel, 46-13, 48-2
Bed
adsorbent, 31-12
biological, 26-8
chemically active, 42-11
moisture level, 37-3
residence time, 42-7
sand drying, 27-18
sand filter, 40-20
Bell-shaped curve, 11-7
Belt
filter press, 27-18
thickening, gravity, 27-15
Bend pipe, 17-36 (fig)
force on, 17-36
Bending
beam load cell, 53-12
stiffness per unit width, panel, 50-12
Beneficial reuse program, 27-20
Benefit-cost ratio, 54-16
Benzene
properties, A-150
ring, 43-1 (tbl)
Berm filter, 40-19
Bernoulli
equation, 16-2, 19-7
equation, extended, 17-15
Bertholet equation of state, 29-20
Berylliosis, 46-7
Beryllium, 46-7
disease, chronic, 46-7
Bessel equation, 10-5
Best available technology, 42-2

Beta, 11-15
distribution, 55-14
particle, 49-2 (tbl)
particle, radiation, 46-12
particle shielding, 49-3
radiation, dose, 48-4
ratio, 17-29
risk, 11-15
Bias, 11-12, 53-2
Biaxial stress, 53-11
Bicarbonate hazard, 23-11
Bidding, competitive, 57-3
Billion, 1-7 (tbl)
Binary
compound, 22-5
digit, 53-14
fission, 44-4
number, 53-14
system, 53-14
Bingham
fluid, 14-7
-plastic limiting viscosity, 17-12
-plastic model, 17-12
Binomial
coefficient, 11-2, 11-5
distribution, 11-5
probability density function, 11-5
theorem, 3-3
Biochemical
oxygen demand (see also BOD), 25-8
system, closed, 28-5
system, open, 28-5
Biocide, 42-22 (ftn), 44-4
Bioconcentration factor, 45-11
Biodegradable
organic matter, 40-22
plastic, 40-18
Biodegradation, 40-18
Biofilm filter, 24-14
Biofilter, 42-6
Biohazard, 46-22
Biological
agent, 46-23
air pollutant, 38-6
bed, 26-8
clearance, 48-6
contactor, rotating, 26-11
contactor, rotating, characteristics, 26-12
exposure indices, 45-13
filter, 26-8
hazard, 46-2, 46-22
Biology, 44-1
Biomass yield, 27-13
Bioplastic, 40-18
Bioreactor, 42-7
Bioremediation, 42-6
Biosolid, 27-2, 40-2 (ftn)
Biosorption, 27-3
process, 27-3
Biostat, 42-22 (ftn)
Biot number, 1-9 (tbl)
Biotransformation, 45-3
Bioventing, 42-7
Biphenyl, polychlorinated, 40-17
Bisection method, 3-4, 12-1
bracket, 12-1
Bit, 53-14
least significant, 53-14
most significant, 53-14
overflow, 53-17
Bituminous
coal, 37-5
coating, pipe, 16-11
Black
lung disease, 46-8
pipe, 16-10
steel pipe, 16-10
Blade
jet force on, 17-35
pitch, circular, 18-4
pitch control, 36-7
Blasius equation, 17-5

Blast
-furnace gas, 37-8 (ftn)
gate, 36-24 (ftn)
Bleed-off, 31-14
BLEVE, 51-8
Blood
-borne pathogen, 46-24
cell, 45-4
Blow, 36-30
Blowdown, 22-22, 31-14, 40-8
Blower
air, 27-9
-coil unit, 36-3
door, 34-4
horsepower, 36-6
power, 36-6
wastewater, 26-4, 27-10
Blowing, whistle-, 57-3 (ftn)
Blowtorch effect, 51-2
Board
foot, 1-8
foot measurement, 1-8
of directors, 56-2
of engineering licensing, 58-1
BOD, 25-8
escaping treatment, 27-6
exertion, 25-9
loading, 26-9
removal efficiency, 26-9, 27-6
removal fraction, 26-9, 27-6
removal rate constant, 26-5
seeded, 25-10
sludge age, 27-5
soluble, 27-6
treatment efficiency, 27-6
ultimate, 25-9
Boiler
circulating fluidized-bed, 42-11
efficiency, 37-17
feedwater characteristics, 22-22
feedwater quality, 22-23
fluidized-bed, 42-11
horsepower, 37-17
Boilerplate clause, 56-4
Boiling, 14-10
liquid expanding vapor explosion, 51-8
point, 51-4
point, cryogenic, 51-5
-point margin, 40-10
Boltzmann
constant, 29-17
-Maxwell distribution, 29-17
BOM, 40-22
Bomb calorimeter, 37-14
Bond, 54-29
fully amortized, 54-29 (ftn)
yield, 54-30
Bonded strain gauge, 53-8 (ftn)
Bone marrow, 45-5
Bonus depreciation, 54-23
Book value, 54-23
of stock, per share, 54-36
Bookkeeping, 54-33
double-entry, 54-33
Boolean
relay logic, 35-5, 35-6
Boom, sonic, 14-15
Boost fan, 37-17
Booster, humidification, 32-7
Boron hazard, 23-11
Borrelia burgdorferi, 46-25
Bottom ash, 37-3, 40-5
Bottomland forest hydroperiod, 28-3 (fig)
Botulism, 46-25
adult enteric, 46-25
food, 46-25
infant, 46-25
wound, 46-25
Bound
lower, 9-4
upper, 9-4
vector, 5-1 (ftn)

I-5

Boundary
irregular, 7-1
layer, 16-8 (ftn)
layer theory, 17-44
system, 30-1
value, 10-1
Bourdon pressure gauge, 15-2
Box
dual duct VAV, 36-13
terminal, variable air volume
(VAV), 36-3
VAV, 36-3
Boyles law, 30-7, 38-6
Bracket
bisection method, 12-1
income, 54-25
tax, 54-25
Brake
dynamometer, 53-13
fan, 53-13
friction, 53-13
horsepower, 36-6
horsepower, pump, 18-9
kilowatt, 36-6
power, fan, 36-6
Prony, 53-13
pump power, 18-9
water, 53-13
Braking, radiation, 49-4
Branch
loss coefficient, 36-20
pipe, 17-21
takeoff, 36-19
Brass pipe, 16-9
Breach
material, 56-6
of contract, 56-6
Break-even
point, 54-38
quality, 54-38 (fig)
Breaker
80% rated circuit, 52-9
100% rated circuit, 52-9
circuit, 52-8
standard circuit, 52-9
Breakpoint, 25-13, 42-3
air quality health impact, 38-14 (tbl)
AQI, 38-13
chlorination, 24-20, 25-13
Breakthrough, 24-13, 26-13, 38-31, 42-3
time, glove, 46-5
Breathing zone outdoor air, 32-2
Breeze, 37-6
Bremsstrahlung, 46-13, 49-4
Bridge
constant, 53-10
deflection, 53-9 (ftn)
differential series balance, 53-9 (ftn)
differential shunt balance, 53-9 (ftn)
full, 53-11
half-, 53-11
null-indicating, 53-9 (ftn)
shunt balance, 53-9 (ftn)
Wheatstone, 53-9
zero-indicating, 53-9 (ftn)
Brightness, 50-2, 50-3
Brink depth, 19-19
British thermal unit, 13-1, 29-5, A-1, A-2
SI conversion, A-3
Brix scale, 14-5 (ftn)
Broad
band, 50-7
band sound, 50-8
-crested weir, 19-13
Bromine, 24-21
Bronchitis, 45-3, 46-6
Bronchogenic carcinoma, 46-7
Brownian movement, 29-17
Btu, 13-1, A-1, A-2
Bubble, 38-2
Bubbling bed combustor, 42-10
Bucket, inverted, steam trap, 16-14

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INDEX - B

I N D E X

I-6

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - C

Buckingham pi-theorem, 1-10

Budget, water, 28-2, 28-4
Budgeting, 55-2, 55-5
parametric, 55-6
system, 55-6
Buffer, 22-12
Buick, MacPherson v., 56-7 (ftn)
Building
cost, 55-4
designer, 56-4
fabric, 34-4 (ftn)
infiltration in tall, 32-6
leakage curve, 34-4
-related illness, 40-5
Buildup
carbon dioxide, 32-7
factor, 49-6
factor, dose, 49-7 (tbl)
Bulb, globe temperature, wet-, 46-15
Bulk
modulus, 14-14, 50-5
modulus, water, 14-14
velocity, 16-8
Bulking, sludge, 27-5, 27-12
Bundle, rotation, pipe, 42-16
Bunker C oil, 37-6
Buoyancy, 15-14
center, 15-16
pipelines, 15-16
theorem, 15-14
Buoyant force, 15-14
Burden, 54-36
Burner
low excess-air, 42-15
low NOx, 42-15
staged-air, 42-20
ultralow NOx, 42-15
Burning
mass, 39-10
rate, 39-10
Bus
power, 35-6, 35-7
tie, 35-7
Business property, 54-20 (ftn)
Butterfly valve, 16-12, 17-13 (tbl)
By-product, disinfection, 23-9, 23-10, 40-21
Bypass
air hood, 32-9
factor, 31-7, 34-7
recirculating air, 34-6 (fig)

C
C-Bourdon gauge, 15-2
c-chart, 11-17
C-coefficient, runoff, A-67
C corporation, 56-3
CAA, 38-2
CaCO3 equivalents, 22-20, A-71, A-72
Cadmium
neutron, 49-8 (tbl)
selenide, 53-5
sulfide, 53-5
CAFE, 38-35
Cake
filter, 27-20
resistance, 38-20
sludge, 27-18
Calcite, 24-18
Calcium
carbonate equivalents, A-71, A-72
hardness, 23-3
Calculus, fundamental theorem of, 9-4
Calibration, 53-2, 53-7
constants, thermocouple, A-164
single-point, 53-2
Callendar-Van Dusen equation, 53-5
Calorimeter, bomb, 37-14
Calvert model, venturi scrubber, 42-18
Calverts constant, 42-18
Camp formula, 26-6
Camps correction, 19-5
Campylobacter jejuni, 44-2 (tbl)

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

Cancer, 45-9
initiation stage, 45-9
nasal, 45-3
progression stage, 45-9
promotion stage, 45-9
risk, excess lifetime, 45-10
Candela, 50-2
Candida, 44-2 (tbl)
Candle, 50-2
Candlepower, 50-2, 50-3
Canon, 57-1
Canonical form, row, 4-2
Cap, landfill, 39-5
Capacitance, 52-5
Capacitive reactance, 52-5
Capacitor, 52-5
Capacity
control, 36-7
field, 39-7, 40-11
heat, 13-4
landfill, 39-3
sewer, 25-5
specific, 21-4
specific heat, 29-7
Capillarity, 14-12
Capillary action, 14-12
Capital recovery method, 54-15, 54-16
Capitalized cost, 54-7, 54-15
Capitalizing an asset, 54-20
Capture, radiative, 49-7
Carbamate, 40-17
Carbinol, 43-1 (tbl)
Carbohydrate, 25-14, 43-3 (tbl)
Carbon
activated, 38-30, 42-3
adsorption, 26-13
dioxide, 39-6 (tbl)
dioxide buildup, 32-7
dioxide, emission, 40-6
dioxide, exhaled air, 32-11
dioxide, in leachate, 39-9
dioxide, in water, 24-15
dioxide, properties, 39-6 (tbl)
fixed, 37-5
granular activated, 24-14, 26-13, 42-3
monoxide, 38-6
monoxide, emission, 40-7
powdered activated, 26-13
Carbonaceous bacteria, 25-9
Carbonate hardness, 22-21 (ftn), 23-3, 24-15
removal, 24-15
Carbonic acid, 22-20, 22-23, 23-2,
39-9, 42-23 (ftn)
Carbonyl, 43-1 (tbl)
Carboxylic acid, 43-2 (tbl)
Carcinogen, 45-7, 45-9
potency factor, 11-20, 45-9, 45-10
slope factor, 45-10
Carcinogenicity classification system, 45-9
Carcinoma, bronchogenic, 46-7
Card indicator, 53-14
Cardanos formula, 3-3
Cardiotoxicity, 45-4
Carnot cycle, 30-11, 30-12
Carpal tunnel syndrome, 46-21
Carrier, 38-32, 46-23
equation, 31-2, 31-3
frequency, 53-4
slurry, 17-11
Carry, end-around, 53-17
Cartesian
coordinate system, 7-3
equation form, 3-2 (ftn)
triad, 5-2
unit vector, 5-2 (fig)
Carver-Greenfield process, 27-20
Cash
flow, 54-3
flow analysis, 54-8
flow diagram, 54-3
flow, discounting factor, 54-6
flow, exponential gradient series, 54-4
flow, exponentially decreasing, 54-26

flow factor, 54-6, A-166, A-167

flow, gradient series, 54-4
flow, phantom, 54-4 (ftn)
flow, single payment, 54-3
flow, stepped, 54-10
flow, superposition of, 54-10
flow, uniform series, 54-4
system, 54-34
CASRN, 45-9
Cast-iron pipe, 16-9, 24-25, 25-3, A-43
dimensions, A-43
Catabolism, 44-5
Catalyst, 22-13
Catalytic
cracking, 37-2
incineration, 38-32
incinerator, 38-33 (fig)
reduction, selective, 42-19
Cation, 23-1
Cauchy
equation, 10-5
number, 1-9 (tbl)
-Schwartz theorem, 5-3
Caustic
embrittlement, 22-19
phosphate treatment, 22-24
Caveat emptor, 56-7
Cavitation, 18-14, 18-15
coefficient, 18-16
corrosion, 22-19
number, critical, 18-16
preventing, 18-15
CDC, 45-14
CDD, 34-5
CDI, 45-10
Ceiling, 33-2
effect, 36-29
heat transfer, 33-2
limit, 46-15
threshold limit value, 45-12
value, 32-10
Cell, 39-3
bending beam load, 53-12
blood, 45-4
height, 39-3, 40-14
landfill, 40-14 (fig)
natural killer, 45-5
photovoltaic, 53-4, 53-5
shear beam load, 53-12
yield, 27-13
Cellular
fill, 31-12 (ftn)
Celsius, 29-4 (ftn)
CEM, 37-20
Cement, asbestos, pipe, 16-9
Center, 7-2
of buoyancy, 15-16
of gravity, 9-6
of pressure, 15-4, 15-9
of pressure, shapes, 15-9 (fig)
-radius form, 7-10
Centerline
radius, 36-19
velocity, 16-8
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 45-14
Centigrade, 29-4 (ftn)
Centipoise, 14-7
Centistoke, 14-8
Central
limit theorem, 11-14
nervous system, 45-5
tendency, 11-12
Centrate, 27-18
Centrifugal
fan, 36-6
forward-curved, 36-6
pump, 18-2, 18-4
Centrifugation, 27-18
Centrifuge, 27-18
Centripetal acceleration, 15-19 (ftn)
Centroid, 2-1, 9-6, A-7
of a line, 2-3
of an area, 2-1

Centroidal moment of inertia, 2-3, 2-4

Century storm, 20-5
Cesspool, 26-2
Cetane number, 37-7
CFC, 38-38
CFR, 46-2
CFSTR, 27-6
cgs system, 1-4
Challenger, 54-18
Chamber
diversion, 26-13
filter, 40-19
grit, 26-6
spray, 31-10 (ftn)
surge, 17-39, 18-24
Change
average, 11-16
in properties, temperature, 29-12
method, air, 32-2
order, 55-16
rate, air, 34-4
Channel
erodible, 19-26
nonrectangular, 19-18
open, 19-2
rectangular, 19-6, 19-8, 19-17
routing, 20-23
transition, 19-16
trapezoidal, 19-7, 19-8, 19-9
triangular, 19-7
Channeling, 42-20
Channelization, 20-23
Chaos theory, 53-3 (ftn)
Chaotic error, 53-2
Char, 37-6
Characteristic
curve, fan, 36-8
curve, system, 36-8
dimension, 16-6
equation, 4-8, 10-1
impedance, 50-6
length, space, 36-30
log, 3-5
of gasoline, 40-10
of MSW, typical nationwide, 40-14 (tbl)
polynomial, 4-8
specific feed, 42-12
value, 4-8
vector, 4-8
Characteristics
activated sludge plant, 27-3, 27-5
aeration, 27-2
aerobic digester, 27-16
anaerobic digester, 27-17
final clarifier, 27-5
flocculator-clarifier, 24-12
municipal solid waste, 39-2 (tbl), 39-10
pump, 18-2, 18-12
rotating biological contactor, 26-12
sedimentation basin, 26-7
sludge, 27-13
valves, 16-13
wastewater, 25-6
Charcoal activated, 42-3
Charge
electric, 52-2
number, 22-4 (tbl), 22-5
Charles law, 30-7, 38-6
Chart
bar, 55-9
c-, 11-17
Cox, 14-10
Gantt, 55-9, 55-10
generalized compressibility, 29-20
Moody friction factor, 17-6
p-, 11-17
pressure-enthalpy, 29-12
psychrometric, 31-4
R-control, 11-16, 11-17
sigma, 11-17
Check
the box taxation, 56-3 (ftn)
valve, 16-12
Chelant, 22-24, 24-19 (ftn), 42-20 (ftn)

Chelate, 42-20 (ftn)

Chelating agent, 24-19 (ftn), 42-20
Chelator, 24-19 (ftn)
Chemical
abstract service registry number, 45-9
application point, water treatment, 24-3
asphyxiant, 46-3
atomic weight, 22-2
class, 43-1
dehumidification, 31-12
dehydration, 31-12
equations, balancing, 22-7
equilibrium, 22-12
exposure, 47-2
flocculation, 26-8
formula, 22-5
hazard, 46-2
hazardous, toxic, reactive, A-158
loading, 42-23
names and formulas, A-74
organic, structure, 38-7
oxygen demand, 25-12
protective clothing, 45-16
reaction, 22-7
scrubbing, 42-17
sedimentation basin, 26-8
used in water treatment, A-87
Chemically active bed, 42-11
Chemistry
inorganic, 43-1
organic, 43-1
Chemotroph, 44-1
Chezy
coefficient, 19-4
equation, 19-4
-Manning equation, 19-4
Chi-squared
degrees of freedom, 11-8
distribution, 11-8, A-14
statistic, 11-8
Chill
temperature, equivalent, 46-18
wind, index, 46-18
Chiller, 34-2
Chimney
action, 37-18
draft, 37-17
effect, 32-6
gravity, 37-17 (ftn)
Chloramination, 24-21
Chloramine, 23-9, 25-13
Chlordane, 40-17
Chlorinated
fluorocarbon, 38-38
pesticide, 40-17
polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipe, A-37
Chlorination, 24-20, 25-13, 40-8
alternatives, 23-10
breakpoint, 24-20
contact tank, 26-13
pretreatment, 24-2
super-, 24-15
wastewater, 26-13
Chlorinator flow pacing, 26-13
Chlorine, 24-20, 40-8
alternatives, 26-13
demand, 25-13
dioxide, 24-21
dose, 24-20, 25-13
dose, well, 21-4
in pesticide, 40-17
in water, 23-9
total residual, 40-8
Chlorofluorocarbon, 40-7
Chlorothalonil, 40-18
Chlorpyrifos, 40-18
Choke, 19-21
Choked flow, 19-21
Cholera, 44-2 (tbl)
Chord, 17-40
length, 17-40
Chronic
beryllium disease, 46-7
daily intake, 11-20, 51-8

I-7

exposure, 11-23, 47-2, 48-3

toxicity test, 45-7
Churchill formula, 25-7, 25-8
Churn, 18-16
Cilia, 45-2
Cipoletti weir, 19-13
Circle, 7-9, A-8
degenerate, 7-10
formula, A-8
Mohrs, 2-8
segment, A-8
unit, 6-1
Circuit
breaker, sizing, 52-8
potentiometer, 53-3 (ftn)
Circular
blade pitch, 18-4
channel, critical depth, A-62
channel ratios, 19-5, A-61
mil, 52-2, A-3
permutation, 5-5
pipe ratios, A-29, A-61
pipes, hydraulic element, A-29
transcendental function, 6-2
Circulating fluidized-bed boiler, 42-11
Circulation, 8-7, 17-40
Cirrhosis, liver, 45-4
Cis form, 3-8
City, test, 38-35
Civil
complaint, 56-6
tort, 56-6 (ftn)
Clam, 44-4
Clarification, 26-7
zone, 27-14
Clarifier
chemical, 26-8
final, 26-12, 27-4
-flocculator, 24-12
grit, 26-6
intermediate, 26-12
plain sedimentation, 26-7
secondary, 26-12
Class
asset, 54-20
inhalation, 48-8
leakage, 36-22
limit, 11-11
lung, 48-8
of noise exposure, 46-11
pipe, 16-10
seal, 36-22
sound transmission, 50-10
Classical adjoint, 4-5
Classification
culvert flow, 19-28 (fig)
neutron, 49-8 (tbl)
pollutant, 38-4
Clause, boilerplate, 56-4
Clausius
-Clapeyron equation, 14-10 (ftn)
equation of state, 29-20
Clay
cap, 39-5
liner, 39-4
pipe, vitrified, 16-9, 25-4
Clean
Air Act, 38-2
coal technology, 37-5
room, technology, 32-11
Water Act, 28-8, 28-10
Cleaning coal, 37-5
Cleanup
advanced flue gas, 42-4
flue gas, 40-2
Clearance
biological, 48-6
radiological, 48-6
rate, effective, 48-6
Clearwell, 24-13
CLF, 34-3, 34-4
Client, dealing with, 57-2

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INDEX - C

I N D E X

I-8

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - C

Climate
change, global, 38-38
factor, energy, 34-5
Clinical effects of radiation, 48-5 (tbl)
Clinker, 37-3
Clinton Wetlands Plan, 28-9
Closed
biochemical system, 28-5
-cup flash point, 46-3
-loop recovery, 42-4
normally (NC), 35-1
recirculating atmosphere, 32-11
system, 30-1
system, constant pressure, 30-8
system, constant temperature, 30-8
system, constant volume, 30-8
system, isentropic, reversible
adiabatic, 30-9
system, polytropic, 30-9
Closely held corporation, 56-2
Clostridium
botulinum, 46-25
tetani, 46-25
Cloth, air-to-, ratio, 38-20 (tbl)
Clothing
chemical protective, 45-16
heat balance, 46-15
Cloud point, 37-7
CLTD method, 34-3
CMP, 16-11, A-59 (tbl)
Co-firing, 39-11
CO2, ultimate, 37-13
Coagulant, 24-8, 26-8
dose, 24-9
Coagulation, 26-8
Coal, 37-5
anthracite, 37-5
ash, 37-4
bituminous, 37-5
blending, 40-10
cleaning, 37-5
dry ultrafine, 40-9
dust, 46-8
lignite, 37-5
lump, 37-5
micronized, 37-5 (ftn)
nut, 37-5
properties, 37-5 (tbl)
run-of-mine, 37-5
substitution, 40-20
tar epoxy, 16-11
technology, clean, 37-5
upgrading, 37-5
workers pneumoconiosis, 46-8
Coanda effect, 36-29
Coarse screen, wastewater, 26-6
Coastal
marsh hydroperiod, 28-3 (fig)
wetlands, 28-1
Coating
asphaltic, 16-11
bituminous, 16-11
pipe, 16-11
tar, 16-11
COD, 25-12
Code
National Electrical, 52-8
of ethics, 57-1
of Federal Regulations, 46-2
Coefficient
absorption, 39-9
binomial, 11-2, 11-5
branch loss, 36-20
cavitation, 18-16
Chezy, 19-4
constant, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3
Coriolis, 19-27
correlation, 11-17
crack, 32-5
discharge, 32-6
discharge, venturi, 17-30
dispersion, 38-18
drag, 17-41

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

drag, cars, 17-41

drainage, 39-7, 40-12
endogenous decay, 25-7, 27-7
entrance, 32-6
film, 27-17
gas absorption, 39-9 (tbl)
Gaussian dispersion,
38-19 (fig), 38-20 (fig)
half-velocity, 25-6
Horton, 19-13
Joule-Kelvin, 30-3
Joule-Thomson, 30-3
loss, 17-12, 17-13 (tbl), 17-14
loss, duct, 36-17
main loss, 36-31
Mannings roughness, 19-4, A-59
mass attenuation, 49-4, 49-5 (tbl)
mass-transfer, 42-21
matrix, 4-6
maximum yield, 25-6
method of loss, 17-12
method of undetermined, 10-4
minor entrance loss, 19-28
neutral stress, 21-9
noise reduction, 50-10
nozzle, 18-22
of absorption, 22-9
of compressibility, 14-13
of contraction, 17-18, 17-30
of discharge, 17-18, 17-30
of drag, 17-41
of entry, 36-19
of expansion, thermal, 14-13 (ftn)
of flow, 17-30
of friction, static, 15-11
of heat transfer, overall, 27-17, 33-2
of lift, 17-40
of permeability, 21-2
of the instrument, 17-28
of thermal resistance, 53-6
of transformation, 5-3
of transmissivity, 21-3
of uniformity, 21-5
of utilization, 50-3
of variation, 11-13, 47-5
of velocity, 17-17, 17-29
of viscosity, 14-6
orifice, 17-17 (tbl)
oxygen saturation, 27-9
pipe, 16-8
roughness, 17-8
shading, 34-4
shelter, 32-6
skin friction, 17-5 (ftn)
slab edge, 33-3
smoothing, 54-42
solubility, 22-9
sound absorption, 50-9
spillway, 19-13
static regain, 36-19
steel rainfall, 20-6
storage, 21-3
transmission, 50-11
valve flow, 17-13
virial, 29-20
wind surface pressure, 32-6
yield, 27-7, 27-13
Cofactor
expansion by, 4-3
matrix, 4-1
of entry, 4-2
Cogeners, 22-2
Coherent unit system, 1-2 (ftn)
Cohesion, 14-12 (ftn)
Coil
apparatus dew point, 31-8
blower-, unit, 36-3
efficiency, 31-8
fan-, unit, 36-3, 36-4
freeze-up, 33-7, 34-9
freezing of, 33-7
load, 34-1
load line, 31-8

M A N U A L

loading, 34-1 (ftn)

reheat, 34-10
sensible heat ratio, 31-7, 34-7
temperature, effective, 31-8
Coke, 37-6
-oven gas, 37-8 (ftn)
Cold
deck, 36-13
stress, 46-17
Colding equation, 39-7, 40-12
Colebrook equation, 17-5, 17-6
Coliform
fecal, 44-4
total, 44-4
Collapse
duct, 36-23
pressure duct, 36-14
pressure, typical, of steel spiral
ducts, 36-14 (fig)
Collection
area, specific, 38-25
dust, system, 36-32
efficiency, 24-6, 24-7
efficiency, baghouse, 42-6
efficiency, ESP, 38-25, 42-9
efficiency, generic collector, 42-19
efficiency, venturi scrubber, 42-19
Collective dose, 48-12
Collector, 25-2, 38-25
dust, 32-11, 36-32
sewer, 25-2
Collinear, 7-2
Colloid, 42-23
Colloidal material, 14-7
Color in water, 23-8
Column
matrix, 4-1
rank, 4-5 (ftn)
Combination, 11-2
air valve, 16-14
direct, 22-7
method, 36-26
Combined
ash, 40-5
residual, 23-9
residual, available, 25-13
residual, unavailable, 25-13
sewer, 25-2
sewer overflow, 26-13
sound sources, 46-10
Combining weight, 22-7
Combustible
analysis, 37-2
liquid, 46-3, 51-2
loss, 37-16
Combustion
atmospheric fluidized-bed, 37-5
chamber, primary, 42-13
chamber, secondary, 42-13
complete, 37-12
data, 37-10 (tbl)
efficiency, 37-17
fluidized-bed, 37-5
heat equivalents, A-139
heat of, 37-14, A-139
incomplete, 37-12
loss, 37-16
pressurized fluidized-bed, 37-5
reaction, 37-9, 37-11
reactions, ideal, 37-9 (tbl)
staged, 42-20
stoichiometric, 37-9
temperature, 37-15
Combustor
bubbling-bed, 42-10
fluidized-bed, 42-10
Comfort
range, 32-6
zone, temperature, 46-14
Comity, 58-2
Commander
incident, 51-3
on-scene, 51-3

Comminutor, 26-7
Committed
dose, 48-6
dose equivalent, 48-6
effective dose equivalent, 48-6
Common
ion effect, 22-12
logarithm, 3-5
ratio, 3-11
Communication factor, 24-24
Commutative
law, addition, 3-3, 4-4
law, multiplication, 3-3
set, law, 11-2
Compaction factor, 39-3
Company health, 54-35
Comparative
analysis, 54-17
negligence, 56-6
Comparison
alternative, 54-4
test, 3-12
Compartment, water quality, 40-19
Compensatory
damages, 56-7
fraud, 56-6
mitigation, 28-11
Competitive bidding, 57-3
Complaint, 56-6
civil, 56-6
Complement
nines, 53-16
number, 53-16
ones, 53-16
set, 11-1
set, law, 11-2
tens, 53-16
twos, 53-16
Complementary
angle, 6-2
equation, 10-1
error function, 11-9, A-16
probability, 11-4
solution, 10-3
Complete
combustion, 37-12
filtration, 24-2
isothermal flow equation, 17-10
-mix aeration, 27-3, 27-6
mixing model, 24-10
Completion time, 55-14
Complex
conjugate, 3-8
matrix, 4-1
number, 3-1, 3-7
number operations, 3-8
plane, 3-7
power, 52-6
Component
alias, 9-8 (ftn)
of a vector, 5-2
Compositing wastewater, 25-15
Composition
atmospheric air, 27-8 (tbl)
dry air, 37-8 (tbl)
percentage, 22-7
Compostable plastic, 40-18
Composting
in-vessel, 27-20
sludge, 27-20
static pile, 27-20
Compound, 22-5
amount factor, 54-5
binary, 22-5
interest, 54-11
organic, 43-1
organic family, 43-3
properties, A-87
ternary, 22-5
tertiary, 22-5
volatile inorganic, 40-22
volatile organic, 25-14, 38-6, 38-8, 40-22

Compounding
discrete, 54-7 (tbl)
period, 54-28
Compressed
gas, 51-3
gas, liquefied, 51-3
liquid, 29-11
liquid table, using, 29-11
water, properties, A-97, A-118
Compressibility, 14-1, 14-13, 29-10
adiabatic, 14-13
chart, A-132
chart, generalized, 29-20
coefficient of, 14-13
factor, 14-13 (ftn), 29-20 (ftn)
isentropic, 14-13, 29-10
isobaric, 29-10
isothermal, 14-13, 29-10
Compressible, fluid, flow, 17-32
Compression, 46-9
adiabatic, 15-13, 51-7
air, 27-9
isentropic, 27-9
isothermal, 15-12
polytropic, 15-13
wave, 50-5
wave speed, 17-38
zone, 27-14
Compressor efficiency, 27-9
Computer
complement, 53-16, 53-17
local control (LCC), 35-5
Concave, 7-2
down curve, 7-2
up curve, 7-2
Concavity, 7-2
Concentration, 46-3
cell corrosion, 22-19
curve, 20-7
cycle of, 31-13
derived air, 48-8
derived air, radionuclides, 48-10 (tbl)
gas, 47-5
hazardous, 46-4 (tbl)
ionic, 22-11
measured actual, 47-9
metal, 25-15
ppm, 47-5
ppmw, 47-6
ratio of, 31-13
reference, 45-8
saturation, 22-9
standardized, 47-12
time of, 20-3
tower build up, 31-13
Concentrator, rotor, 42-4
Concentric cylinder viscometer, 14-6 (ftn)
Concrete, A-41, A-42
cylinder pipe, prestressed, 16-10
density, 15-11 (ftn)
pipe, 16-9, 16-10, 25-3, A-41, A-42
pipe, prestressed, 16-10
pipe, reinforced, 16-10
water pipe, 24-25
Condensate, polishing, 22-24
Condenser, 38-33
contact, 38-33
cooling water, 40-8
noncontact, 38-33
surface, 38-33 (fig)
Condensing vapor, 42-22
Condition
adjacent space, 33-2
antecedent moisture, 20-17
antecedent runoff, 20-17
design, inside, 33-2, 34-3
design, outside, 33-2, 34-3
indoor design, 32-6
initial, 9-4
international standard metric, 37-2
natural gas, standard, 37-2
normal, 47-5
standard, 14-4, 36-2, 37-2, 47-5

I-9

Conditional
convergence, 3-13
probability, 11-4
probability of failure, 11-9
Conditioner, sludge, 22-24
Conditioning, particle, 42-9
Conductance, 33-2, 52-2, 52-5
thermal, 33-2
Conductivity, 33-2, 52-2
hydraulic, 21-2
water, 23-11, 24-19
Conduit, pressure, 16-5
Cone of depression, 21-5
Confidence
level, 11-15
level, z-values, 11-16 (tbl)
limit, 11-15, 47-12
limit, one-tail, 11-16 (tbl)
limit, two-tail, 11-16 (tbl)
Confined aquifer, 21-2
Congruency, 7-3
Conic section, 7-8
Conjugate
axis, 7-11
complex, 3-8
depth, 19-23, 19-26
Conscious order, 11-2
ConsensusDOC, 56-5 (ftn)
Consequential damages, 56-8
Conservation
method, 33-7
method, heat, 33-7
of energy, 16-1
of mass, 47-7
of momentum, law, 17-33
through thermostat setback, 33-7
Consideration, 56-3
Consistent
system, 3-7
unit system, 1-2
Constant
acid, 22-15
acid dissociation, A-78
base, 22-15
base dissociation, A-79
Boltzmann, 29-17
bridge, 53-10
Calverts, 42-18
coefficient, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3
decay, 48-2
deflection, 53-12
deoxygenation, 25-8
dielectric, 42-9
dissociation, 22-15
equilibrium, 22-14
Eulers, 9-8
force, work, 13-2 (fig)
formation, 22-15
gamma ray dose, 48-8 (tbl)
gravitational, 1-2
growth rate, 3-11
Hazen-Williams, A-49
Henrys, 38-8
Henrys law, 22-9 (tbl), A-141, A-142
ionization, 22-15 (tbl)
Joules, 13-1, 29-6
learning curve, 54-43 (tbl)
Manning, 19-4
Manning roughness, A-59
matrix, 4-6
meter, 17-29
moisture content, 29-10
of integration, 9-1, 10-1
outlet, 36-30
percentage method, 54-21 (ftn)
Plancks, 49-1
pressure, closed system, 30-8
pressure process, 30-2
reaction rate, 22-13, 42-7
reaeration, 25-7
reoxygenation, 25-7
room, 50-10
scaling, 42-6 (tbl)
self-purification, 25-11

P P I

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INDEX - C

I N D E X

I-10

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - C

specific gamma ray dose, 48-5

specific gas, 29-15
stability, 22-15
storage, 21-3
temperature, closed system, 30-8
temperature process, 30-2
temperature variation, 25-8
thermocouple, A-164, A-165
thermoelectric, 53-7
time, 3-11
universal gas, 14-10, 29-14,
29-15 (tbl), 38-8 (tbl)
value dollars, 54-39
volume, closed system, 30-8
volume process, 30-2
Constituent, principal organic
hazardous, 42-13
Construction
class, 24-23
contract, 56-3 (ftn)
cost, 55-4
lien, 56-5
manager, 56-5
sequencing, 55-8
time, 55-8
Consulting engineer, 58-1
Consumer risk, 11-15
Consumption, fuel, 33-6
Contact
angle, 14-12
condenser, 38-33
dermal, 46-5
factor, 31-8
stabilization, 27-3
tank, 27-4
tank, chlorinator, 26-13
unit, solid, 24-12
Contactor, biological, rotating, 26-11
Container
failure, 51-2
label, 46-2
Containment
landfill, 39-2
multiple pipe, 42-16
Contaminant
level, maximum, 23-6, 25-15
regulations, air, A-146, A-148
Content
constant moisture, 29-10
energy, 31-3
frequency, 50-7
heat, 29-5
moisture, 29-9
Contents, cubical, 32-2
Contingency cost, 55-5
Continuity equation, 17-3, 47-7
Continuous
compounding, 54-28
distribution function, 11-6
emissions monitoring, 37-20
-flow stirred tank reactor, 27-6
noise, 46-11
Contract, 56-3
agent, 56-3
breach, 56-6
construction, 56-3 (ftn)
discharge of, 56-6
document, 56-3 (ftn)
principal, 56-3
privity, 56-7
requirements for, 56-3
standard, 56-5
Contracta, vena, 17-17
Contracted weir, 19-11
Contraction, 17-12
coefficient of, 17-18, 17-30
sudden, 17-13
weir, 19-11
Contractor, 56-4
prime, 56-4
Contraflexure, point of, 7-2, 8-2
Control
administrative (heat stress), 46-17
air volume, 35-1

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

anticipation, 35-5
blade pitch, 36-7
capacity, 36-7
chart, 11-16, 11-17
differential, 35-2
digital, 35-5
direct digital (DCC), 35-5
downstream, 19-21
engineering (heat stress), 46-17
equipment, 35-1
face-and-bypass damper, 35-1
feedback and, 35-2
floating action, 35-5
general (heat stress), 46-17
group, 45-7
HVAC process, 35-1
inlet, 19-27
mass, 30-1
NOx, 37-5
on flow, 19-21
outlet, 19-27
PI, 35-5
PID, 35-5
point, 35-2
proportional plus integral (PI), 35-5
proportional plus integral plus derivative
(PID), 35-5
reheat, 35-1
SO2, 37-5
specific (heat stress), 46-17
surface, 30-1
surface, imaginary, 30-1
surface, real, 30-1
technology, maximum achievable, 38-3
timed two-position, 35-5
two-position, 35-2
upstream, 19-21
velocity, air hood, 32-9
volume, 30-1
zone, site, 47-3
Controllable pitch, 36-7
Controller, 35-1
HVAC, 35-1
Controls, integration, typical, 35-2
Convention
dust size, 40-9
half-year, 54-3
sign (thermal), 30-4
year-end, 54-3
Conventional
aeration, 27-3
cabinet bypass air hood, 32-9 (fig)
cyclone, 38-22
duct system, 36-21
filtration, 24-2
Convergence
absolute, 3-13
conditional, 3-13
tests for, 3-12
Convergent
sequence, 3-10
series, 3-12
Converging-diverging nozzle, 17-29
Conversion
base, 53-16
factor, A-1, A-2
factor, SI, A-3
power, 13-6 (tbl)
viscosity, 14-8
wetlands, 28-6
Convex, 7-2
hull, 7-2, 7-3
Convexity, 7-3
Conveyance, 19-4, 19-8
factor, Espey, 20-12
factor, open channel, A-63, A-64,
A-65, A-66
factor, trapezoidal channel, A-63, A-64,
A-65, A-66
Conveyor, submerged scraper, 40-5
Convolution, integral, 10-6
Cooling
degree-days, 34-5, 33-6 (ftn)
duty, 31-13

M A N U A L

efficiency, 31-13
evaporative, 31-10
free, 34-2
load, 34-1
load factor, 34-3
load from internal heat sources, 34-4
load temperature difference method, 34-3
Newtons law of, 10-10
range, 31-13
sensible, 31-8
spray dehumidification, 31-11
tower, 31-12
tower blowdown, 40-8
tower, indirect-condensing, 31-14
with dehumidification, 31-11
with humidification, 31-10
Coordinate
fluid stream, 17-18 (fig)
system, 7-3
Coordination, project, 55-15
Coplanar, 7-2
Copper
loss, 52-17
pipe, 16-9
tubing, 16-9, A-46, A-47
Copperas, 24-8
Core, 53-4 (ftn)
area, 36-30
loss, 52-17
Coriolis coefficient, 19-27
Cornea, 45-6
Corona
back, 42-9
current ratio, 42-10
power ratio, 42-10
wire, 42-8
Corporate average fuel economy, 38-35
Corporation, 56-2
C, 56-3
closely held, 56-2
professional, 56-2
S, 56-3
subchapter C, 56-3
Correction
enthalpy, 31-4
factor, Cunningham, 38-27, 38-29 (tbl)
Correlation
coefficient, 11-17
equation of state, 29-20
Germain, 26-11
Othmer, 14-11
Schulze, 26-11
Corresponding
point, 36-10 (ftn)
states, principle (law) of, 29-20
Corrosion, 22-19
cavitation, 22-19
concentration cell, 22-19
crevice, 22-19
erosion, 22-19
fatigue, 22-19
fretting, 22-19
galvanic, 22-18
intergranular, 22-19
stress, cracking, 22-19
two-metal, 22-18
Corrosive substance, 40-2
Corrugated
duct, 36-14 (ftn)
metal pipe, 16-11
Cosecant, hyperbolic, 6-5
Cosine
direction, 5-2, 7-5
first law of, 6-6
function, integral, 9-8
hyperbolic, 6-4
law of, 6-5
second law of, 6-6
versed, 6-4
Cost (see also type), 54-8, 54-32
accounting, 54-36
aeration, 27-9
analysis, life-cycle, 55-7
-benefit ratio, 54-16

I N D E X

speed, shaft, 24-12

stress, 17-12
velocity, 24-6
velocity, sludge, 18-5, 18-6
zone, 16-7
Croplands, Prior Converted, 28-9
Cross
product, triple, 5-5
product, vector, 5-4 (fig)
section, 49-7
section, macroscopic, 49-7, 49-8
section, microscopic, 49-7
section, most efficient, 19-9
section, neutron, A-153
section, total, 49-7
section, trapezoidal, 19-8 (fig)
Crossover duct, 36-23
Crown, 19-27 (ftn)
Crud, 22-24 (ftn), 24-18
Crustacean, 44-1, 44-4
Crusting agent, 40-9
Cryogen, 29-2 (ftn)
Cryogenic
boiling point, 51-3
fluids, 29-2 (ftn)
liquid, 46-3, 51-3
Cryptosporidiosis, 44-2 (tbl)
Cryptosporidium, 44-2 (tbl)
Crystallization, water of, 22-6
CSO, 26-13
CSTR, 27-6
CTD, 46-21
CTS, 46-21
Cubical contents, 32-2
Cubital tunnel syndrome, 46-21
Culvert, 17-19, 19-26
classifications, 19-28
design, 19-31
entrance loss, 17-20
flow classifications, 19-28 (fig)
pipe, 19-26
simple pipe, 17-19 (fig)
Cumulative
frequency table, 11-11
mass fraction curve, 24-6
rainfall curve, 20-2
trauma disorder, 46-21
Cunningham
correction factor, 38-27, 38-29 (tbl), 42-9
slip factor, 42-9
Cup-and-bob viscometer, 14-6 (ftn)
Curb, inlet, 25-5
Curie, 46-13, 48-2
Curl, 8-7
Current
asset, 54-35
circuit breaker, rated, 52-8
circuit breaker, trip, 52-8
clear the, 52-8
divider, 52-4
electrical, 52-2
liability, 54-35
meter, 17-27
protection, circuit breaker, 52-8
ratio, 54-35
Curve, 7-3
area under standard normal, A-13 (tbl)
bell-shaped, 11-7
concave down, 7-2
concave up, 7-2
concentration, 20-7
cumulative rainfall, 20-2
degree, 7-3
dose-response, 45-6
even symmetry, 7-4
fan, 36-8
fan characteristic, 36-8
graph, 7-3
IDF, 20-5
intensity-duration-frequency, 20-5
inversion, 30-3
isenthalpic, 30-3
learning, 54-43
noise criteria, 50-9

number, NRCS, 20-16

number, runoff, 20-18, 20-19
number, SCS, 20-16
performance, 18-16
recession, 20-7
response, 50-6
sag, 25-10
system, 18-16, 36-8
tail, 11-7
Cut
diameter, 38-27
-over point, 54-23 (ftn)
size, 42-8
CVS-7.5 test, 38-35
Cyanazine, 40-18
Cycle, 30-11
Carnot, 30-11, 30-12
hydrologic, 20-1
integrated gasification/combined, 37-6
of concentration, 31-13
ozone, 38-10 (fig)
photolytic, 38-10 (fig)
power, 30-11
Cycloalkene, 43-2 (tbl)
Cycloid, 7-4
Cyclone, 42-7
conventional, 38-22
dimensions, 38-22 (fig)
high-efficiency, 38-22
high-throughput, 38-22
removal efficiency, 38-23
separator, 38-22
single, 42-7
standard, design dimensions, 38-23 (tbl)
Cylinder
-operated pump, 18-2
pipe, prestressed concrete, 16-10
Cylindrical
coordinate system, 7-3 (fig) (tbl)
source, 48-11
Cypermethrin, 40-18
Cypress dome hydroperiod, 28-3 (fig)

D
DAlemberts paradox, 17-2 (ftn)
DAC
-hour, 48-8
radionuclide, A-152
Daily intake, chronic, 45-10
Daltons law, 31-1, 37-14, 38-7, 39-6, 40-4
of partial pressure, 29-18
Dam, 15-11 (fig)
flood control, 20-21
force on, 15-11
gravity, 15-11 (ftn)
Damage (see also type)
hydrogen, 22-19
Damages, 56-7
compensatory, 56-7
consequential, 56-8
exemplary, 56-7
punitive, 56-6
special, 56-7
Damaging, flood, 20-6
Damper
automatic, 36-24
control, face-and-bypass, 35-1
duct, 36-23
face, 35-2 (ftn)
fire, 36-24
gravity, 36-24
mixing, 36-13
pulsation (pump), 18-2
smoke, 36-24
splitter, 36-24
volume, 36-24
Darcy, 21-2
equation, 17-6, 17-8
friction factor, 17-5 (ftn), A-50, A-51,
A-52, A-53
velocity, 21-4
-Weisbach equation, 17-6, 17-7
Darcys law, 21-3, 39-7, 40-12

P P I

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INDEX - D

building, 55-4
capitalized, 54-7
construction, 55-4
contingency, 55-5
direct, 55-9
effect of inflation, 55-7
effect of location, 55-7
electricity, 18-9
equivalent uniform annual, 54-16
estimating, 55-3
financing, 55-5
fixed, 55-9
indirect, 55-9
information, 55-7
life-cycle, 54-20
movable equipment, 55-5
of goods sold, 54-37
on, 55-9
operating, 55-9
opportunity, 54-18
overhead, 55-6
plus fixed fee, 56-5
prime, 55-9
professional services, 55-5
site development, 55-4
sunk, 54-3
-time trade-off, 55-9
total, 54-33
variable, 55-9
Costing matrix, 55-6
Cotangent, hyperbolic, 6-5
Coulomb, 52-2
Coulombs law, 49-2
Count, drag, 17-42
Coupon rate, 54-29
Cover
final, 39-5
type, 20-17
Covers function, 6-4
Coversed sine, 6-4
Cox chart, 14-10
CPF, 45-9
CPM, 55-11
CPVC pipe, 16-9, A-37
dimensions, A-37
Crack
coefficient, 32-5
length, 32-5
length method, 32-5
Cracking, 37-2
catalytic, 37-2
hydrocarbon, 37-2
thermal, 37-2
Cramers rule, 3-7, 4-7
Crash time, 55-9
Credit, 54-34
emission reduction, 38-2
investment tax, 54-25
tax, 54-25
Creed, 57-1
Crest, dam, 15-11
Crevice
corrosion, 22-19
salt, 22-23
Criteria, pollutant, 38-2, 40-2
Critical
activity, 55-11
cavitation number, 18-16
depth, 19-17, A-62
depth, circular channel, A-62
distance, 17-5
flow, 16-7, 19-17
flow, nonrectangular channel, 19-18
flow, occurrences, 19-19
isobar, 29-3
oxygen deficit, 25-11
path, 55-9, 55-11
path, duct, 36-8
path method, 55-11
point, 8-2, 25-10, 25-11, 29-3, 29-8, 51-5
property, 29-8
Reynolds number, 16-7
settling velocity, 24-7
slope, 19-3

I-11

I-12

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - D

Date
exam, 58-3
maturity, 54-29
Day
cooling degree-, 34-5
degree-, 34-5
summer degree-, 34-5
Daylight area, 36-30
DBF, 20-6
DBP, 23-10, 40-21
DC
machine, 52-16
motors, A-163
DCC, 35-5
DDT, 40-17, 45-3
de Moivres theorem, 3-8
de Morgans, set, law, 11-2
Dead
band, 35-5
finger, 46-22
Deadband, 36-4
Deadzone, 36-4
Deaeration, 25-1
Dealing with
client, 57-2
employer, 57-2
engineers, 57-3
public, 57-3
supplier, 57-2, 57-3
Debit, 54-34
Debt service, 55-5
Decay, 48-2
coefficient, endogenous, 27-7
constant, 48-2
endogenous, 25-7
exponential, 10-9
half-life, 10-10
products, radiation, 49-2
products, radon, 38-37 (fig)
radioactive, 10-9, 46-13, 48-6
rate, nuclide, 46-13
rate, Velz, 26-11
weld, 22-19
Dechlor, 24-21
Dechlorination, 24-21, 26-13, 40-8
Decile, 11-12
Decimal number, 53-14
Deck
air conditioning, 36-13
cold, 36-13
hot, 36-13
Declaration, negative, 40-3
Declared
pregnancy, 48-12
pregnant woman, 48-12
Declining balance method, 54-21, 54-26
Decoloration time, 25-13
Decomposition, 22-7, 44-5
aerobic, 44-5
anaerobic, 44-6
anoxic, 44-5
end product, 44-5
Decrease, average, 11-16
Deep-dose equivalent, 48-4
Deepwater swamp, southern, 28-2
Defect, spherical, 6-6
Defendant, 56-6
Defender, 54-18
Deficiency, oxygen, 47-2
Deficit
critical oxygen, 25-11
oxygen, 25-7
Definite integral, 9-1 (ftn), 9-4
Deflection
bridge, 53-9 (ftn)
constant, 53-12
voltage, 53-10
Degenerate
circle, 7-10
ellipse, 7-11
Degradable plastic, 40-18
Degree, 6-1
-days, 33-6, 34-5
-days, base temperature, 33-6

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

-days, cooling, 33-6 (ftn)

-days, heating, 33-6
-days, summer, 33-6 (ftn)
-days, winter, 33-6
of curve, 7-3
of freedom, 11-8
of freedom, chi-squared, 11-8
of polynomial, 3-3
of saturation, 31-2
of superheat, 29-11
Dehumidification
absorbent, 31-12
chemical, 31-12
Dehydration, 43-2, 46-15
chemical, 31-12
Deionized water, 22-24
Del operator, 8-7
Delineator, wetlands, 28-9
Delta
-connection, 52-11
rosette, 53-12
Demand
biochemical oxygen, 25-8
chemical oxygen, 25-12
chlorine, 25-13
controlled ventilation, 32-5
electrical, 52-7
multiplier, wastewater, 25-2
multiplier, water, 24-20
nitrogenous, 25-9
oxygen, 27-9
water, 24-20, 24-22
Demineralization, 24-22
Demineralized water, 22-24
Denitrification, 25-14, 44-5
Denitrifier, 44-3
Density, 29-5
areal, 1-8
areal dust, 42-5
concrete, 15-11 (ftn)
ESP power, 42-10
factor, fan, 36-11
fluid, 14-3
function, 11-4
function, probability, 11-4
gas, 47-5
linear watt, 33-4 (ftn)
masonry, 15-11 (ftn)
mass, 1-3
optical, 40-20
power, ESP, 42-10
ratio, air, 36-2 (ftn)
surface, 50-11
watt, 33-4 (ftn)
weight, 1-3
Denting, 22-24 (ftn)
Deoxygenation, 25-8
rate constant, 25-8
Dependent
event, 11-3
variable, 3-2
Depletion, 54-24
allowance, 54-24
ozone, 38-38
Depreciation, 54-20, 54-21
accelerated, 54-22
basis, 54-20
bonus, 54-23
period, 54-20
rate, 54-21, 54-22
recovery, 54-26
Depression
angle, 6-2
cone of, 21-5
tailwater, 18-24
wet-bulb, 31-2
Depth
alternate, 19-16
brink, 19-19
conjugate, 19-23, 19-26
critical, 19-17, A-62
critical, circular channel, A-62
hydraulic, 16-6 (ftn), 19-3
impoundment, 20-19

M A N U A L

maximum mixing, 38-16

normal, 19-6
pressure at a, 1-3
profile, 19-22
side water, 26-7
DeQuervains syndrome, 46-22
Derivative, 8-1
directional, 8-6
first, 8-1
Laplace transform of, 10-6
second, 8-1
Derived
air concentration, 48-8
air concentration, radionuclides,
48-10 (tbl)
from rule, 40-3
unit, 1-6 (tbl)
Dermal
absorption, 45-1
contact, 46-5
Dermatitis, 46-23
Dermis, 45-2
Desalination, 24-22
Descartes rule of signs, 3-4
Design
basis flood, 20-6
conditions, indoor, 32-6
conditions, inside, 33-2
conditions, outside, 33-2
culvert, 19-31
filtering velocity, 42-5
flood, 20-5, 20-6
pressure drop, 36-24
professional, 56-7
sequencing, 55-8
storm, 20-4, 20-5
temperature, inside, 33-2
Desorption
gas, 42-2 (ftn)
thermal, 42-22
Destruction
and removal efficiency, 38-3
nerve, 45-5
removal efficiency, 42-13
Desulfurization, flue gas, 37-5, 42-2
Detection, limit of, 47-10
Detector
light-sensitive, 53-4, 53-5
resistance temperature, 53-5
-transducer, 53-3
Detention (see also Retention)
period, 24-6
time, 24-6, 26-7
time, hydraulic, 27-5, 27-8
Detergent, 23-7
Deterioration, prevention of significant, 38-2
Determinant, 4-3
Determining phase, 29-3
Deterministic
effect, 48-3
method, 55-11
Detritus tank, 26-6
Deuterium, 22-2
Deuteron, 22-2
Deutsch-Anderson equation, 42-9
Devastating flood, 20-6
Developer, 56-4
Deviate, standard normal, 11-13
Deviation, standard
log, 11-8, 11-9
sample, 11-13
Device
hearing protective, 50-12
photoconductive, 53-4 (ftn)
photoemissive, 53-4 (ftn)
photometric, 38-12
pressure relief, 16-12
pressure-measuring, 15-2
Dew
point, 37-14
point, coil apparatus, 31-8
point, flue gas, 37-14
point, stack, 40-4
point temperature, 31-2

Dewatering, 24-13
groundwater, 39-7, 40-12
sludge, 27-18
Dezincification, 22-19
dfg, 37-16
Diagonal matrix, 4-1
Diagram
cash flow, 54-3
elementary, 35-6
enthalpy-entropy, 29-10
equilibrium, 29-3
indicator, 53-14
ladder logic, 35-6
line, 35-6
mass, 20-21
Mollier, 29-10
p-h, 29-12
p-V, 30-4
phase, 29-3
pressure-enthalpy, 29-12
relay logic, 35-6
Rippl, 20-21
T-p, 30-3
T-s, 30-4
valve, 16-13 (tbl)
Venn, 11-2 (fig)
Diameter
aerodynamic equivalent, 40-9
changes, tapered, 17-13
cut, 38-27
equivalent, 16-6 (ftn) (tbl), 17-43
equivalent, duct, 36-17
hydraulic, 16-6 (ftn), 17-9, 36-17 (ftn)
Diaphragm
gauge, 15-2
pump, 18-3
Dieldrin, 40-17
Dielectric constant, 42-9
Diene, 43-1 (ftn)
Diesel
engine, 38-35
fuel, 37-7
Dieterici equation of state, 29-20
Difference
divided, 12-3
Rth-order, 3-10
table, divided, 12-3 (ftn)
total equivalent temperature, 34-3
Differential
control, 35-2
equation, 10-1
equation, first-order, 10-1
equation, higher order, 10-8
equation, homogeneous, 10-1, 10-2
equation, linear, 10-1
equation, nonhomogeneous, 10-1
equation, second-order, 10-1
manometer, 15-3
operating, 35-2
series balance bridge, 53-9 (ftn)
shunt balance bridge, 53-9 (ftn)
term, 9-1
transformer, 53-4
Differentiation
implicit, 8-4
partial, 8-4
Diffuse reflection, 50-4
Diffused air injection, 24-4
Diffuser, 36-4, 36-29
pressure, 36-30
Diffusion-controlled cell, 53-3, 53-4
Digester
aerobic, 27-15
anaerobic, 27-16
egg, 27-16
gas (see also Methane), 27-16
Digestion, aerobic, 27-15
Digit, 53-14
binary, 53-14
least significant, 53-14
most significant, 53-14
significant, 3-1

Digital
control, 35-5
-to-analog staging module, 35-5
-to-proportional staging module, 35-5
Dihaloacetonitrile, 23-10
Dilatant fluid, 14-7
Diluent, gas, 37-20
Dilution, 47-7
extraction, 37-20
purification, 25-10
toxicity, 32-10
ventilation, 32-10, 46-8
Dimension
cast-iron pipe, A-43
characteristic, 16-6
concrete pipe, A-41, A-42
concrete sewer pipe, A-41, A-42
CPVC pipe, A-37
ductile iron pipe, A-43
nominal, 16-10
of variables, 1-8 (tbl)
primary, 1-7
PVC pipe, A-37, A-38, A-39, A-40
steel pipe, A-30, A-31, A-32, A-33, A-35,
A-36, A-41
Dimensional analysis, 1-8
Dimensionless, 1-8, 1-9 (tbl)
group, 1-8, 1-9 (tbl)
number, 1-7, 1-9 (tbl)
unit hydrograph, NRCS, 20-11
Dimensions
design, standard cyclone, 38-23
standard cyclone, 38-22 (fig)
Dioxide, sulfur, 40-20
Dioxin, 40-8
Direct
-acting pump, 18-2
combination, 22-7
-condensing tower, 31-14
cost, 55-9
current, 52-2
digital control (DDC), 35-5
filtration, 24-2
flame incineration, 38-32
human exposure, carcinogen, 45-9
labor, 54-32
material, 54-32
Directed graph, 55-10
Direction
angle, 5-2, 7-5
cosine, 5-2, 7-5
number, 7-5
-sensing probe, 17-27
Directional derivative, 8-6
Directivity
factor, 50-7
sound, 50-7
Directrix, 7-10
Disbenefit, 54-16
Disbursement, 54-3
Disc, thermodynamic, steam trap, 16-14
Discharge, 18-4
coefficient, 32-6
coefficient of, 17-18, 17-30
coefficient, venturi, 17-30
electrode, 38-25
from tank, 17-17 (fig)
of contract, 56-6
side, 18-4
specific, 21-4
tank, 17-16, 17-17 (fig)
velocity, 17-17
Discomfort zone, temperature, 46-14
Discount factor, A-166, A-167
Discounting, 54-5
Discrete compounding, 54-7 (tbl)
Discriminant, 3-3, 7-9
Discs, method of, volume, 9-6
Disease
black lung, 46-8
chronic beryllium, 46-7
Legionnaires, 46-26

I-13

workplace-related, 46-22
zoonotic, 46-24
Disinfection, 24-20, 25-13
alternative, 23-10
by-product, 23-9, 23-10, 40-21
Disintegration, 40-18, 48-2
Disjoint set, 11-1
Disk source, 48-11
Disorder, cumulative trauma, 46-21
Dispersant, 22-24
Dispersion, 11-13, 38-16
coefficient, 38-18
coefficient, Gaussian, 38-18, 38-19 (fig),
38-20 (fig)
model, Gaussian, 38-18 (fig)
relative, 11-13
Displacement, 22-7
meter, 17-26
Disposal
effluent, 26-13
sewer, radionuclide, 48-9
sludge, 27-20
Disposition, hazardous waste, 41-2
Dissociation
constant, 22-15
constants of acid, A-78
constants of base, A-79
temperature, 37-16 (ftn)
Dissolved
air flotation thickening, 27-14
metal, in wastewater, 25-14
organic solid, 26-3
oxygen, 25-7
oxygen in water, A-73
oxygen standard, 25-10
solids, 25-6
solids, total, 24-19
Distance
between figures, 7-7
between points, 7-5, 7-7
critical, 17-5
relaxation, 49-9
semimajor, 7-11
semiminor, 7-11
-squared law, 50-3
Distillate, oil, 37-6
Distillation, 24-22
global, 40-17
temperature, 40-10
Distorted model, 17-45
Distribution (see also type)
and marketing, sludge, 27-20
bathtub, 11-9
beta, 55-14
binomial, 11-5
chi-squared, 11-8, A-14
continuous, 11-6
discrete, 11-5
effectiveness, air, 32-3
exponential, 11-6
frequency, 11-11
function, continuous, 11-6
Galtons, 11-8
Gaussian, 11-7
gravity, 24-24
hypergeometric, 11-5
leptokurtic, 11-14
log-normal, 11-8
Maxwell-Boltzmann, 29-17
mesokurtic, 11-14
multiple hypergeometric, 11-6
negative exponential, 11-9
normal, 11-6, 11-7
platykurtic, 11-14
point, 36-30
Poisson, 11-6
Students t-, 11-7, A-15
velocity, 16-7
water, 24-24
Distributive
law, 3-3
law, matrix, 4-4
set, law, 11-2

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

INDEX - D

I N D E X

I-14

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - D

Ditch, oxidation, 27-3

Divergence, 8-7
Divergent sequence, 3-10
Diversion chamber, 26-13
Diversity
occupancy, ventilation, 32-4
population, ventilation, 32-4
Divided
difference, 12-3
difference table, 12-3 (ftn)
flow fitting, 36-19
Division matrix, 4-4
Document, as-built, 55-16
Documentation project, 55-16
Dollars, 54-2
constant value, 54-39
Dome, vapor, 29-3
Domestic
heat source, 33-4 (ftn)
sewage, 25-6 (tbl)
wastewater, 25-1
Donnan formula, 39-7, 40-12
Door blower, 34-4
Doppler effect, 50-5
Dose
absorbed, 48-2
badge, 50-12
beta, radiation, 48-4
buildup factor, 49-7 (tbl)
chemical feed, 24-9
chlorine, 24-20, 25-13
coagulant, 24-9
collective, 48-12
committed, 48-6
committed, equivalent, 48-6
constant, gamma ray, 48-5, 48-8 (tbl)
constant, specific gamma ray, 48-5
deep-, equivalent, 48-4
equivalent, 48-3
equivalent, committed effective, 48-6
external, 48-4
fluoride, 24-14
gamma, 48-5
gamma radiation, 48-5
infective, 44-6
internal, 48-6, 48-8
limit, radiation, 48-12
noise, 50-12
public, radiation, 48-12
radiation, 46-13, 48-4
radiation absorbed, 6-1 (ftn)
rate factor, electron, 48-4, 48-7 (tbl)
receptor, 11-23
reference, 11-20, 45-8, 51-8
-response curve, 45-6
-response relationship, 45-6
versus response, 45-7
Dosimeter, noise, 46-11, 50-12
Dot product, 5-3
vector, 5-3 (fig)
Double
-acting pump, 18-2
and add method, 53-14 (ftn)
-angle formula, 6-3
-dabble method, 53-14 (ftn)
declining balance, 54-21, 54-26
-entry bookkeeping, 54-33
integral, 9-3
liner, 39-3
orifice air valve, 16-14
-ring infiltration test, 21-9
root, 3-3
seal, 42-16
-stage process, 24-16
-suction pump, 18-4
taxation, 56-2
vortex, 42-7
-vortex, single cyclone (inertial
separator), 42-7 (fig)
Doubling time, 3-11, 54-8, 54-9
Downcycling, 40-18
Downstream control, 19-21

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

Draft, 37-17
available, 37-17
balanced, 37-17
chimney, 37-17
cooling tower, 31-12
force, 24-4
forced, 37-17
gauge, 15-3 (ftn)
induced, 37-17
induced, mechanical, 31-12
loss, 37-17
natural, 37-17, 37-18
tube, 18-24
Drag, 17-41
coefficient, 17-41, 17-42 (fig)
coefficient, cars, 17-41
count, 17-42
disk, 17-42
filter, 42-5
form, 17-41
induced, 17-41
pressure, 17-41
profile, 17-41
sphere, 17-42
wake, 17-41
Drain
extraction, 39-7, 40-12
relief, 39-7, 40-12
Drainage coefficient, 39-7, 40-12
Draining, netting, 39-3
Draught, 37-17 (ftn)
Drawdown, well, 21-5
DRE, 38-3
Drift, 31-13
velocity, 38-25, 42-8, 42-9
velocity, effective, 42-9
Drinking water
demand, 24-22
standards, 23-6, A-80
Drins, 40-17
Drive, variable
frequency, 36-8
speed fan, 36-7
Driving
dynamometer, 53-13
Schedule, Highway Fuel Economy, 38-35
Schedule, Urban Dynamometer, 38-35
Drop
design pressure, 36-24
hydraulic, 16-9 (ftn), 19-20 (ftn), 19-26
pressure, steel pipe, A-54
spherical, 10-10
Drum, filter, vacuum, 27-18
Dry
absorption, 42-17
adiabatic lapse rate, 38-14
air, composition, 37-8 (tbl), A-144
-bulb temperature, 31-1, 31-6
cooling tower, 31-14
flue gas loss, 37-16
saturated steam, 29-14
scrubbing, 42-17
ultrafine coal, 40-9
weather flow, 20-7 (ftn)
Drying bed, sand, 27-18
DSCF, 36-2
Du Nouy
ring, 14-11
torsion balance, 14-11 (ftn)
Dual
duct system, 35-1, 36-13
duct VAV box, 36-13
-layer filter, 24-13
Duct
balancing, 36-23
collapse, 36-23
collapse pressure, 36-14
corrugated, 36-14 (ftn)
crossover, 36-23
damper, 36-23
design, economical, 36-22
dual, system, 36-13

M A N U A L

dual, VAV box, 36-13

elbow, 36-19
exhaust, system, 36-21
fan, 36-4
filter, 36-23
flexible, 36-14
friction, 36-14, 36-17
friction loss, 36-14
gauges, 36-13
heat gain to, 34-5
heat gain to air conditioning, 34-5
index run, 36-8
jumper, 36-23
leakage, 36-22
mine tunnel, 36-32
mining, 36-32
noise, 36-31
plastic, 36-14
polyvinyl coated, 36-13
pressure loss, 36-14
rectangular, 36-17
roughness, 36-14
runout, 36-13
sorbent-injection, 37-5
specific roughness, 36-14 (ftn)
spiral, 36-13
supply, 36-21
system, dual-, 35-1
system, gravity, 36-13
system, radial, 36-13
system, single-, 35-1
system, trunk, 36-13
Ductile
cast iron, pipe, 16-9
iron pipe, A-43
iron pipe dimensions, A-43
Dulong and Petit
law, 29-7, 29-8
value, 29-8
Dulongs formula, 37-14
Dummy
activity, 55-13
gauge, 53-10
node, 55-11, 55-13
Dump, 39-2, 40-14
Dumping, 36-30
ocean, sludge, 27-20
Duplex pump, 18-2
Dupuit equation, 21-5
Duration
averaging, 45-10, 51-8
exposure, carcinogen, 45-10
fire fighting, 24-24
flood, 28-2
modulation, pulse, 36-8
reference, 50-12
Dust, 38-4, 40-9, 46-5
coal, 40-9, 46-8
collection system, 36-32
collector, 32-11, 36-32
collector, two-stage, 36-32
control, 40-9
density, areal, 42-5
loading, 42-5
radioactive, 46-8
Duty
cooling, 31-13
cycle, 52-14
point, fan, 36-9 (ftn)
Dynamic
energy, 16-1 (ftn)
head, 18-6
loss, duct fitting, 36-17
similarity, 17-45
similarity, fan, 36-10
viscosity, 14-6 (ftn)
Dynamometer, 53-13
brake, 53-13
driving, 53-13
Driving Schedule, Urban, 38-35
torsion, 53-13
transmission, 53-13
Dyne, 1-4, 1-5, A-3
Dysentery, 44-2 (tbl)

E
E.
coli, 44-3, 44-4, 46-23
vericularis, 44-2 (tbl)
EA, 28-11
Earplug, NRR, 50-13
Earth
atmosphere, 15-12, 15-13 (ftn)
rare, 22-4
Eastern coal, 37-5
Ebola virus, 46-26
Eccentricity, 7-8, 7-11, 7-12
dam, 15-12
Echelon
form, row-reduced, 4-2
matrix, 4-1
Echoviruses, 44-2 (tbl)
Eckert number, 1-9 (tbl)
Eco-toxicity, 40-18
Economic
analysis, 54-2
analysis, engineering, 54-2
analysis factor, A-166
analysis factor table, A-167
analysis, life, 54-4
indicator, 54-39
life, 54-19, 54-20
order quantity, 54-43
Economical duct design, 36-22
Economics, engineering, 54-2
Economizer
air-side, 34-2
ash, 37-3
HVAC, 34-2
water-side, 34-2
Edema, pulmonary, 45-3, 45-4
Edge
coefficient, slab, 33-3
three-, bearing test, 16-11
EDTA, 23-4
Eductor pipe, 21-4
EER, 34-2
Effect
anthropogenic, 28-5
blowtorch, 51-2
ceiling, 36-29
chimney, 32-6
Coanda, 36-29
common ion, 22-12
deterministic, 48-3
Doppler, 50-5
fetal, 48-4
frank, 45-7
genetic, 48-4
isotope, 22-2 (ftn)
Magnus, 17-41
nonstochastic, 48-3
Peltier, 53-7 (ftn)
photoelectric, 53-4
piezoelectric, 15-2, 53-4
Seebeck, 53-7
somatic, 48-3
stack, 32-6, 37-17, 37-18
stochastic, 48-3
system, 36-9
systemic, 45-3
thermal flywheel, 33-5
Thompson, 53-7 (ftn)
venturi, 17-29
Effective
annual interest rate, 54-5
area, 36-30
clearance rate, 48-6
coil temperature, 31-8
dose equivalent, committed, 48-6
drift velocity, 42-9
half-life, 48-6
head, 17-17, 18-6
interest rate, 54-5, 54-28
leakage area, 34-4
number of passes, 26-10
period, 54-2

porosity, 21-2
sensible heat ratio, 31-7
stack height, 38-18
value, 52-4
velocity, 21-3
wind velocity, 32-6
Effectiveness
air distribution, 32-3
lever, 15-14
ventilation system, 32-4
Effects
law of additive, 45-12
of radiation, 48-5 (tbl)
Efficacy, 50-2
Efficiency, 13-6, 50-2
boiler, 37-17
coil, 31-8
collection, 24-6, 24-7
collection, ESP, 38-25
combustion, 37-17
compressor, 27-9
cooling, 31-13
cooling tower, 31-13
destruction and removal, 38-3, 42-13
electrostatic precipitator, 42-9
energy-production, 13-6
energy-use, 13-6
filtration, 36-23
fractional target, 38-27
furnace, 37-17
humidification, 31-10
isentropic, 27-9
joint, 16-10
lever, 15-14
luminous, 50-2
minimum, reporting value, 36-23
motor, 52-17
overall, pump, 18-9
oxygen transfer, 27-9
pump, 18-9
pumping (temperature), 18-20
ratio, energy-, 34-2
removal, 42-7
removal, cyclone, 38-23
removal, ESP, 38-25
saturation, 31-10
sedimentation, 24-6
static, 36-7
thermal, 30-11, 37-17
total, 36-6
ventilation, 32-4
Efficient cross section, 19-9
Effluent disposal, 26-13
Efflux, speed of, 17-17
EfLA, 34-4
e-folding time, 3-11
Egg digester, 27-16
Eigenvalue, 4-8
Eigenvector, 4-8
EIR, 40-3
EIS, 28-11
EJCDC, 56-5 (ftn)
pump, 18-2
Ejector pump, 18-2
ELA, 34-4
Elastic scattering, 49-7
Elbow
duct, 36-19
golfers, 46-21
tennis, 46-21
Electric
charge, 52-2
machine, 52-16
motor size, 18-10
wind velocity, 38-25
Electrical
conductivity, water, 23-11
plant, hydroelectric, 18-23
safety, 52-19 (tbl)
shock, 52-19
unit conversion, A-1, A-2
Electricity cost, 18-9

I-15

Electrode discharge, 38-25

Electrodialysis, 24-22
Electromagnetic
flowmeter, 17-27
radiation, energy, 49-1
wave, 48-1
Electromotive force, 52-2
Electron dose rate factor, 48-4, 48-7 (tbl)
Electropneumatic switch, 35-1
Electrostatic
precipitator, 38-25 (tbl), 38-26 (fig), 42-8
precipitator, efficiency, 42-9
unit, 52-2
Element, 22-1
atomic numbers and weights, A-69
matrix, 4-1
negative, 53-7
positive, 53-7
properties, A-69
set, 11-1
transition, 22-4
types, 22-2
Elementary
diagram, 35-6
row operation, 4-2
Elements, periodic table of the, A-70
Elevation angle, 6-2
Elimination, Gauss-Jordan, 4-2
Ellipse, 7-11
degenerative, 7-11
equation, 39-7, 40-12
formula, A-8
Elliptic integral function, 9-8 (ftn)
Embrittlement
caustic, 22-19
hydrogen, 22-19
Embryo, 48-12
Emergency management, 51-1
Emission
control, automobile, 38-35
fugitive, 40-10
low, vehicle, 38-35
monitoring, 37-20
monitoring, continuous, 37-20
particulate, 38-3
rate, lowest achievable, 38-2
reduction credit, 38-2
sampling, 37-19
sources, gaseous, 38-5 (tbl)
trading, 38-2
zero, vehicle, 38-35
Emittance, luminous, 50-2
Emphysema, 45-4
Empirical formula, 22-7
Employer, dealing with, 57-2
Emulsion, 22-10 (ftn)
Encephalitis, 44-2 (tbl)
Enclosure, air hood, 32-9
End
-around carry, 53-17
point, titration, 23-2
Endogenous
decay, 25-7
decay coefficient, 25-7, 27-7
infection, 46-23
Endosulfan, 40-17
Endothermic reaction, 22-18
Endotoxin, 46-24
Endpoint pressure-drop, 22-22
Endrin, 40-17
Energy, 13-1
climate factor, 34-5
conservation law, 13-1
conservation of, 16-1
content, 31-3
content of air, 31-3
conversion, SI, A-3
dynamic, 16-1 (ftn)
-efficiency ratio, 13-6 (ftn), 34-2
electromagnetic radiation, 49-1
equation, steady-flow, 16-2, 30-5
explosion, 51-7

P P I

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INDEX - E

I N D E X

I-16

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - E

falling mass, 13-3

flow, 13-3, 16-2 (ftn), 29-5, 30-6
free, 29-10
grade line, 16-8, 17-15
gradient, 19-3
gravitational, 13-3, 16-1, 16-2 (ftn)
impact, 16-4
internal, 13-4, 29-5
kinetic, 1-3, 1-4, 13-3, 16-1
kinetic, specific, 16-1, 16-2
line, 16-8 (ftn)
lost in a jump, 19-24
molar internal, 29-5
p-V, 13-3, 13-4
potential, 1-3, 13-3, 16-2
pressure, 13-3, 16-2
-production efficiency, 13-6
radiation, 49-1
radionuclides, 49-3 (tbl)
seasonal cooling, 34-5
sink, 17-15, 30-11
source, 17-15
specific, 13-1, 16-1, 16-9, 19-15
specific internal, 29-5
spring, 13-3
stagnation, 16-4
Star, 34-3
static, 13-3, 16-2 (ftn)
tapered, 24-12
total, 16-2, 16-4
-use efficiency, 13-6
velocity, 16-1 (ftn)
-work principle, 13-3, 13-4
Engine
diesel, 38-35
heat, 30-12
internal combustion, 38-36 (fig)
Engineer
consulting, 58-1
intern, 58-1 (ftn)
-In-Training exam, 58-1
professional, 58-1
registered, 58-1
Engineering
control (heat stress), 46-17
dimensional system, 1-7
economic analysis, 54-2
economics, 54-2
economy factor, A-166, A-167
environmental, 40-4
intern, 58-1 (ftn)
licensing, 58-1
registration, 58-1
value, 55-2
Engineers
dealing with, 57-3
Joint Contracts Documents Committee,
56-5 (ftn)
Engineers Creed, 57-1
English
engineering system, 1-2
gravitational system, 1-3
Enlargement, 17-12
sudden, 17-12, 17-13
Entamoeba histolytica, 44-2 (tbl)
Enteropathogenic coli, 44-2 (tbl)
Enteroviruses, 44-2 (tbl)
Enthalpy, 29-4, 29-5
correction, 31-4
-entropy diagram, steam, A-99, A-120
-entropy diagram, 29-10
moist air, 31-3
molar, 29-4
of combustion, A-139
of formation, 22-17, 22-18
of reaction, 22-17
pressure-, diagram, 29-12
specific, 29-4
Entrance
coefficient, 32-6
loss coefficient, minor, 19-28 (tbl)
loss, culvert, 17-20 (tbl)
pipe, 17-13
Entrapment, ulnar nerve, 46-22

P P I

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R E F E R E N C E

Entropy, 29-6
absolute, 29-6
-enthalpy diagram, 29-10
function, 29-11
production, 29-6
standardized, 29-6
Entry
coefficient of, 36-19
matrix, 4-1
Environment, 30-1, 40-2
Environmental
assessment, 28-11
engineering, 40-4
impact report, 40-3
impact statement, 28-11
Protection Agency, 45-7
protection, ethics, 57-4
tobacco smoke, 32-5, 38-36
Enzyme, 44-1
EPA, 45-7
carcinogenicity classification
system, 45-9
levels of protection, 47-14 (tbl)
EPA75 test, 38-35
Epicadmium neutron, 49-8 (tbl)
Epicondylitis, 46-21
Epicycloid, 7-4
Epidemic, 10-10
Epidermis, 45-1
Epithermal neutron, 49-8 (tbl)
Epoxy
coal tar, 16-11
pipe coating, 16-11
Equal
-friction method, 36-24
vectors, 5-1
Equality of matrices, 4-4
Equalization flow, 26-3, 42-23
Equation, 3-2
algebraic, 3-2
Antoine, 14-10 (ftn)
auxiliary, 10-1
Bernoulli, 16-2, 19-7
Bessel, 10-5
Blasius, 17-5
Camp, 26-6
Carrier, 31-2, 31-3
Cauchy, 10-5
characteristic, 4-8, 10-1
Chezy, 19-4
Chezy-Manning, 19-4
Clausius-Clapeyron, 14-10 (ftn)
Colding, 39-7, 40-12
Colebrook, 17-5, 17-6
complementary, 10-1
complete isothermal flow, 17-10
conservation of mass, 47-8
continuity, 17-3, 47-8
Darcy, 17-6, 17-8
Darcy-Weisbach, 17-6, 17-7
Deutsch-Anderson, 42-9
differential, 10-1
Donnan, 39-7, 40-12
Dupuit, 21-5
ellipse, 39-7, 40-12
Eulers, 3-8, 10-5
extended Bernoulli, 17-15
first-order, 10-1
Francis weir, 19-11
Freundlich, 38-31
Gauss hypergeometric, 10-5
Hagen-Poiseuille, 17-7
Hazen-Williams, 17-8
homogeneous, 3-7
homogeneous differential, 10-1, 10-2
Horton, 19-13, 21-9
Horton-Einstein, 19-10
Huebscher, 36-17
ideal gas, 47-5
Jacobs, 21-7
Karman-Nikuradse, 17-5
Legendre, 10-5
linear, 3-6, 3-7
linear differential, 10-1

M A N U A L

Lloyd-Davies, 20-14 (ftn)

Manning, 19-4
Manning, nomograph, A-60
Monods, 25-6
Nikuradse, 17-5
nonhomogeneous, 3-7
nonhomogeneous differential, 10-1, 10-3
nonlinear, 10-1
nonparametric, 3-2
NRC, 26-10
NRCS lag, 20-4
OConnor and Dobbins, 25-7
of state, Beattie-Bridgeman, 29-20
of state, Bertholet, 29-20
of state, Clausius, 29-20
of state, correlation, 29-20
of state, Dieterici, 29-20
of state, ideal gas, 29-14
of state, polytropic, 30-2
of state, real gas, 29-20
of state, van der Waals, 29-20
of state, virial, 29-20
parametric, 3-2
quadratic, 3-3, 7-9
rational, 20-14
reduced, 10-1
Refutas, 14-16
Rehbock weir, 19-11
Rohsenow, 14-11
SCS lag, 20-11
second-order, 10-1
simultaneous linear, 3-6, 3-7
steady-flow energy, 16-2
Streeter-Phelps, 25-10
Swamee-Jain, 17-6
Theis, 21-7
Thiem, 21-6
Torricelli, 17-17
Velz, 26-11
water balance, 20-2
water budget, 20-2
Weisbach, 17-6, 17-7
Zuber, 14-11
Equiangular rosette, 53-12
Equilateral hyperbola, 7-12
Equilibrium
chemical, 22-12, 22-14
constant, 22-14
diagram, 29-3
isopiestic, 14-10 (ftn)
solid, 29-3
static, 15-16
thermal, 29-4, 30-5
Equipment
control, 35-1
personal protective, 46-5, 47-13, A-149
unitary, 35-1
Equipotential line, 17-3, 21-7
Equity, 54-35
Equivalence, economic, 54-5
Equivalent, 22-6
annual cost, 54-16
CaCO3, 22-20
chemical, 22-6
chill temperature, 46-18
committed dose, 48-6
deep-dose, 48-4
diameter, 16-6 (ftn) (tbl), 17-43
diameter, duct, 36-17
dose, 48-3
effective dose, 48-4
exposure, 45-12
eye dose, 48-4
factor, A-166, A-167
fluid height, 15-5 (tbl)
Joule, 13-1
leakage area, 34-4 (ftn)
length, 17-12, A-55
length, fittings, A-55
length method, duct, 36-18
length, method of, 17-12
lens dose, 48-4
shallow-dose, 48-4
uniform annual cost, 54-7, 54-16

vector, 5-1 (ftn)

water chemistry, A-71, A-72
weight, 22-6
weight, milligram, 22-10, 22-11
wind velocity, 32-6
Equivalents
calcium carbonate, A-71
population, 25-3
velocity, 21-3
Erf, 9-8
Erg, 1-5, A-3
Ergonomic hazard, 46-2
Ergonomics, 46-18
Erodible
channel, 19-26
channel side-slopes, 19-26
channel velocities, 19-26
Erosion corrosion, 22-19
Error, 11-12
false positive, 11-15
function, 9-8, 11-9, A-16
function, complementary, 11-9, A-16
limits range, 53-7
magnitude, 53-3
sampling and analytical, 47-12
standard, 11-13
terms, 53-3
type, 53-2
type I, 11-15
type II, 11-15
Errors and omissions insurance, 56-8
ESP, 38-25 (tbl), 38-26 (fig)
collection efficiency, 42-9
power density, 42-10
removal efficiency, 42-9
Espey
conveyance factors, 20-12
synthetic unit hydrograph, 20-12
Ester, 43-1 (tbl), 43-3 (tbl)
Estimate, precise, 53-2
Estimating
cost, 55-3
parameter method, 55-6
Estimator, 55-3
unbiased, 11-12, 11-13
Estuarine, water, 28-2
Ethanol, 37-7
Ether, 43-1 (tbl), 43-3 (tbl)
Ethical priority, 57-2
Ethics, 57-1
code of, 57-1
Ethyl alcohol, 37-7
ETS smoke, 32-5
Eukaryote, 46-23
Eulers
constant, 9-8
equation, 3-8, 10-5
number, 1-9 (tbl)
Eutrophic, 28-5
Eutrophication, 23-7
Evaporation, 10-10
loss, 31-13
pan, 20-22
reservoir, 20-22
Evaporative
cooling, 31-10
pan humidification, 32-7
pan method, 32-7
Evase, 36-4
Even symmetry, 9-7 (tbl)
curve, 7-4
Event, 11-3, 55-11
dependent, 11-3
independent, 11-3
numerical, 11-4, 11-5
sample space, 11-3
Evidence, weight of, 45-9
Exact, first-order, 10-3
Exam
date, 58-3
engineering, professional, 58-1
Fundamentals of Engineering, 58-1
licensing, 58-1, 58-2

Examination
date, 58-3
licensing, 58-1, 58-2
Exceedance ratio, 11-13
Excess
air, 22-8, 37-12
kurtosis, 11-14
lifetime cancer risk, 45-10
spherical, 6-6
Exchange ion, 22-21
Excitation, 49-2, 49-4
motor, 52-15
Excretion, 45-3
Exemplary
damages, 56-7
Exemption, industrial, 58-1
Exertion, BOD, 25-9
Exfoliation, 22-18
Exhaust
duct system, 36-21, 36-31
hood, 32-9
Exhaustion
heat, 46-15
premature, 26-13
Exit pipe, 17-13
Exogenous infection, 46-23
Exothermic reaction, 22-18
Expansion
by cofactor, 4-3
factor, 17-32 (fig)
method, 53-14
ratio, 51-5
ratio, liquids, 51-5 (tbl)
series, 8-8
thermal coefficient of, 14-13 (ftn)
Expected value, 11-9, 54-30
Expense, 54-32
administrative, 54-33
artificial, 54-20
marketing, 54-33
selling, 54-33
Expensing an asset, 54-20
Experiment
accuracy, 11-12
insensitivity, 11-12
precision, 11-12
reliability, 11-12
stability, 11-12
Explosion
boiling liquid expanding vapor, 51-8
limit, 51-5
Explosive
energy release, 51-7
limit, lower, 32-10, 46-3
limit, upper, 46-3
power, ton of, 1-7
Exponent, 3-5
polytropic, 15-13, 30-2
rules, 3-5
Exponential
decay, 10-9
decreasing cash flow, 54-26
distribution, 11-6, 11-9, 11-10
distribution, negative, 11-9
form, 3-7, 3-8
function, integral, 9-8
gradient factor, 54-26
gradient series cash flow, 54-4
growth, 3-11, 10-9
growth rate, 54-4
reliability, 11-10
weighted forecast, 54-42
Exposed fraction, 15-15
Exposure, 47-1
acute, 11-23, 47-2, 48-3
allowance, 33-2
assessment, 47-9
assessment standards, 47-10 (tbl)
chemical, 47-2
chronic, 11-23, 47-2, 48-3
direct human, carcinogen, 45-9
duration, carcinogen, 45-10
equivalent, 45-12
factor, 24-24

I-17

frequency, 51-8
level, short-term, 45-12
limit, radiation, 48-12
limit, recommended, 46-2
limit, short-term, 32-10, 45-12
pathway, 45-1
permissible level, noise, 46-11
point, 11-22
radiation, 48-2, 48-12
time, particle, 42-9
Exsec function, 6-4
Exsecant, 6-4
Extended
aeration, 27-2
Bernoulli equation, 17-15
plenum system, 36-13
Extensive property, 29-4
External
dose, 48-4
investment, 54-13
pressure, 15-13
rate of return, 54-12
static pressure, 36-8
work, 13-2
Extraction, 28-6
dilution, 37-20
drain, 39-7, 40-12
straight, 37-20
vacuum, 42-22
well, gas, 39-6
Extraneous root, 3-4
Extrema point, 8-2
Extreme
fiber, 2-7
point, 8-2
Extremity, 48-12
Extrinsic waste, 40-2
Eye, 45-3, 45-6
anterior chamber, 45-3
dose equivalent, 48-4
posterior chamber, 45-3
Eyewear, protective, 46-5
Eo tvo s number, 1-9 (tbl), 17-45

F
F-waste, 40-3
FAA formula, 20-4
Fabric
building, 34-4 (ftn)
loading, 42-5
resistance, 38-20
Face
-and-bypass damper control, 35-1
angle, 6-6
damper, 35-2 (ftn)
value, 54-29
velocity, 21-4, 42-5
velocity, superficial, 38-20
Facility
material recovery, 39-11
waste-to-energy, 39-10
Factor (see also type)
absorption, 42-21
bioconcentration, 45-11
buildup, 49-6
bypass, 31-7, 34-7
carcinogen potency, 11-20, 45-9, 45-10
cash flow, 54-6, A-166, A-167
cash flow, discounting, 54-6
coil, 31-7
compaction, 39-3
compressibility, 14-13 (ftn), 29-20 (ftn)
contact, 31-8
conversion, A-1, A-2
conveyance, open channel, A-63, A-64,
A-65, A-66
conveyance, trapezoidal channel,
A-63, A-64
cooling load, 34-3
Cunningham correction, 38-27,
38-29 (tbl), 42-9
Cunningham slip, 42-9
Darcy friction, 17-5, A-50, A-51,
A-52, A-53

P P I

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INDEX - F

I N D E X

I-18

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - F

density, fan, 36-11

directivity, 50-7
discount, 54-7 (tbl)
dose buildup, 49-7 (tbl)
economic analysis, A-166, A-167
electron dose rate, 48-7 (tbl)
energy climate, 34-5
expansion, 17-32 (fig)
exponential gradient, 54-26
flow, 17-14
gage, 53-8, 53-9
grand sensible heat, 34-7
impact, 16-4
integrating, 10-2
irreducible, 54-2
joint quality, 16-10
judgment, 54-2
K-, 32-10
latent, 34-6
LBL, 34-5
leakage, 36-22
light loss, 50-4
loading, 39-3, 40-14
maintenance, 50-4
N, 34-5
noise exposure, 46-10
nonquantifiable, 54-2
nonquantitative, 54-2
of safety, overturning, 15-11
of safety, sliding, 15-11
organ dose tissue weighting, 48-9 (tbl)
peaking, 25-2
performance, 31-11
phase, 52-7
pipe, 16-8
piping geometry, 17-14
potency, 11-20, 51-8
power, 52-7, 52-9
quality, radiation, 46-12
rating, 31-13
Reynolds number, 17-14
section, 19-3
sensible heat, 31-7
separation, 42-8
service, 33-4, 52-13
shelter, 32-6
single payment present worth, 54-5
sinking fund, 54-7
slope, 11-20, 51-8
slope, carcinogen, 45-10
solar cooling load, 34-3
standard cash flow, A-166
stripping, 42-21
system bypass, 34-7
system effect, 36-9
table, A-166, A-167
tissue weighting, 48-6
transverse sensitivity, 53-9
utilization, 50-3
velocity of approach, 17-29
wall shear stress, 17-5 (ftn)
weighting, 48-3
weighting, radiation, 46-12
Factorial, 3-2
Factoring, polynomial, 3-4
Factory cost, 54-33, 54-36
Facultative
bacteria, 44-3
heterotroph, 44-4
pond, 26-4
Fahrenheit, 29-4
Failure, 11-3
conditional probability of, 11-9
container, 51-2
mean time before, 11-9 (ftn)
mean time to, 11-9
veneer, 39-5
Faith of an Engineer, 57-1 (ftn)
Falling
limb, 20-7
mass energy, 13-3
False
position method, 12-2 (ftn)
positive error, 11-15

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

Family
chemical, 22-2
organic compound, 43-1, 43-2, 43-3
Fan
axial-flow, 36-4
backward-curved, 36-6
boost, 37-17
brake, 53-13
centrifugal, 36-6
-coil unit, 36-3, 36-4
curve, 36-8
drive, variable speed, 36-7
duct, 36-4
forward-curved, 36-6
homologous, 36-10
law, 36-10
noise, 36-31
non-overloading, 36-6
paddle wheel, 36-6
power, 36-6
propeller, 36-4
radial, 36-6
radial tip, 36-6
rating table, 36-8
return air, 36-31
shaving wheel, 36-6
similarity, 36-10
specific speed, 36-6
squirrel cage, 36-6
straight-blade, 36-6
tubeaxial, 36-4
v-belt, 36-8
vaneaxial, 36-6
Fanning
friction factor, 17-5 (ftn)
plume, 38-17 (fig)
Far field, 50-6
Faraday, 52-2, A-1, A-2
Faradays law of induction, 17-27
Farmed wetlands, 28-9
Fast
Fourier transform, 9-8
neutron, 49-8
tracking, 55-9
Fate, 38-9
Fatigue, corrosion, 22-19
Fatty
acid, 43-2 (tbl), 44-6
tissue, subcutaneous, 45-2
Faying surface, 22-19
Fecal coliform, 44-4
Federal, test procedure, emissions, 38-35
Fee
fixed, cost plus, 56-5
lump-sum, 56-5
per diem, 56-5
percentage of construction cost, 56-5
projection, 55-2
retainer, 56-5
salary plus, 56-5
structure, 56-5
Feedback and control, 35-2
Feedwater boiler, characteristics, 22-22
FEL, 45-7
Fenestration, 34-4 (ftn)
Fenvalerate, 40-18
Fermentation, 44-6
Ferritic stainless steel, 22-19 (ftn)
Fetal effect, 48-4
Fetus, 48-12
Fever, metal fume, 46-8
FFT, 9-8
analyzer, 9-8
Fiber, 46-5
airborne, 46-5
extreme, 2-7
-reinforced plastic duct, 36-14
-reinforced polymer duct, 36-14
Fiberglass, 40-5
Fibrosis, 45-4, 46-6
Fibrous duct, 36-14
Fiduciary responsibility, 56-3

M A N U A L

Field
capacity, 39-7, 40-11
far, 50-6
free, 50-6
measurement, near-, 50-6
reverberant, 50-6
sound, free-, 50-6
Fill, 31-12
cellular, 31-12 (ftn)
Filled tower, 31-12 (ftn)
Film coefficient, 27-17
Filming, amine, 22-23
Filter, 38-19
air, 32-11
backwashing, 24-13
berm, 40-19
biofilm, 24-14
biological, 26-8
cake, 27-20
chamber, 40-19
drag, 42-5
drag model, 42-5
dual-layer, 24-13
duct, 36-23
efficiency, 36-23
fixed media, 26-8
fly, 26-8
grille, 36-29
HEPA, 36-23
high-rate, 26-8
hogs hair, 36-23
low-rate, 26-8
multi-media, 24-13
others, 24-14
particulate matter, 38-11
polishing, 26-12
porous, 21-5
press, belt, 27-18
press, recessed plate, 27-18
pressure, 24-14
ratio, 38-20, 42-5
roughing, 26-9
sand, 24-13, 26-12
sand, bed, 40-20
sand, rapid, 24-13
sand, slow, 24-14
specific area, 26-9
standard-rate, 26-8
super high-rate, 26-9
trickling, 26-8
two-stage, 26-10
vacuum drum, 27-18
velocity, 38-20
Filtering velocity, 38-20, 42-5
Filtration, 24-13
complete, 24-2
conventional, 24-2
direction, 24-2
efficiency, 36-23
in-line, 24-2
pressure, 27-18
time, 42-6
Final
clarifier, 26-12, 27-4
clarifier, characteristics, 27-5
cover, 39-5
Financing cost, 55-5
Fine aggregate screen, wastewater, 26-6
Fines, 37-5
Finger
dead, 46-22
trigger, 46-22
white, 46-22
Finite series, 3-11
Fire, 47-2
damper, 36-24
fighting demand, 24-23
fighting duration, 24-24
flow, 24-23
flow, basic, 24-23
flow, ISO, 24-23
flow, needed, 24-23
hydrant, 24-24
point, 51-5

First
area moment, 2-2
derivative, 8-1
flush, 40-19
-in, first-out, 54-38
law of cosines, 6-6
law of thermodynamics, 13-2 (ftn)
law of thermodynamics, closed
system, 30-4
law of thermodynamics, open
system, 30-5
moment of a function, 9-6
moment of area, 2-2
-order differential equation, 10-1
-order, exact, 10-3
-order, linear, 10-2
responder, 51-3
Fish
bioconcentration factor, 45-11
toxic effects on, 23-8
Fishers
kurtosis, 11-14
skewness, 11-14
Fission, 49-6
binary, 44-4
neutron, 49-8
Fitting, 17-12
divided flow, 36-19
equivalent length, A-55
friction loss, duct, 36-17
screwed, 17-12 (ftn)
threaded, 17-12 (ftn)
Fixed
asset, 54-35
-bar grille, 36-24
carbon, 37-5
cost, 54-32, 55-9
dissolved solids, 23-9
flux, 24-22 (ftn)
media filter, 26-8
-point iteration, 12-2
solids, 27-4
suspended solids, 23-9
vector, 5-1 (ftn)
Flagella, 44-4
Flagellated protozoa, 44-4
Flame
incineration, direct, 38-32
temperature, 37-15
temperature, peak, 40-15
Flammable
gas, 51-3
limit, 51-5 (tbl)
limit, lower, 46-3
limit, upper, 46-3
liquid, 46-3, 51-2
Flange, 2-4
Flanking path, 50-10
Flap, 17-40
Flare, 38-32, 39-6, 40-11, 42-15
Flash
mixer, 24-10
point, 37-6 (ftn), 51-5
point, closed-cup, 46-3
Flashover, 42-9
Flat response, 50-6
Flatworm, 44-4
Flex, 36-14
Flexible
duct, 36-14
membrane liner, 39-3, 39-4
Flipped sine, 6-4
Float, 55-11
steam trap, 16-14
time, 55-11
Floatable, 26-7
Floating
action control, 35-5
object, 15-15, 15-16
Floc, 24-8
Flocculation, 24-12, 42-23
additive, 24-9
chemical, 26-8
tapered, 24-12

Flocculator, 24-10, 26-8

-clarifier, 24-12
-clarifier characteristics, 24-12
Flood, 20-6
control dam, 20-21
damaging, 20-6
design, 20-5, 20-6
design basis, 20-6
devastating, 20-6
duration, 28-2
frequency, 28-2
hundred year, 20-6
nuisance, 20-6
one percent, 20-6, 20-7
probability, 20-6
probable maximum, 20-6
routing, 20-23
standard, 20-6
standard project, 20-6
Flooding, 42-2, 42-22
velocity, 42-2
Flotation, thickening, dissolved air, 27-14
Flow
accelerated, 19-21
around a cylinder, 17-41, 17-43
base, 20-7 (ftn)
choked, 19-21
coefficient of, 17-30
coefficient, valve, 17-13
control, 19-21
critical, 16-7, 19-17
culvert, 19-28
culvert, classifications, 19-28 (fig)
dry weather, 20-7 (ftn)
energy, 13-3, 16-2 (ftn), 29-5, 30-6
equalization, 26-3, 42-23
factor, 17-14
fully turbulent, 16-7, 17-5
gravity, 18-5
in circular channels, A-61
laminar, 16-7
line, 21-7, 26-2
measurement, 17-26, 24-3
net, 20-7, 21-7, 21-8
net, seepage, 21-7
nonuniform, 19-2, 19-15, 19-21
nozzle, 17-32
number, 24-12
of water, steel pipe, A-54
over flat plate, 17-44
overland, 20-7 (ftn)
pacing chlorinator, 26-13
rapid, 19-16
rate, 24-13
rate equation, 24-12
rate modulation, 36-7
rate, variable, 36-7
rate, volumetric, 17-3
regime, subsonic, 14-15 (ftn)
resistance, 42-5
retarded, 19-21
rough-pipe, 17-5
sheet, 20-3
steady, 19-2
steady, well, 21-5
streamline, 16-7
subcritical, 19-16
subsurface, 20-7
supercritical, 19-16
surface, 20-7 (ftn)
through, profit, 56-2
-through velocity, 24-5
tranquil, 19-16
tubular, 27-6
turbulent, 16-7, 17-5
type, 19-2
type-n, culvert, 19-29
uniform, 16-9, 19-2, 19-4, 19-6
unsteady, well, 21-6
varied, 19-21
viscous, 16-7
work, 13-3, 29-5, 30-6

I-19

Flowmeter
electromagnetic, 17-27
magnetic, 17-27
ultrasonic, 17-28
Flue gas, 37-12, 40-4 (ftn)
calculations, 37-13
cleanup, 40-2
desulfurization, 37-5, 42-2
dew-point, 37-14
recirculation, 42-10
temperature, 37-14
Fluence, 48-6
Fluid
Bingham, 14-7
cryogenic, 29-2 (ftn)
density, 14-3
dilatant, 14-7
height equivalent, 15-5 (tbl)
ideal, 14-2
mass, accelerating, 15-19
mass, rotating, 15-19
Newtonian, 14-2, 14-7
non-Newtonian, 14-2
pressure, 14-2, 15-14
property changes in, 30-10
pseudoplastic, 14-7
real, 14-2
rheopectic, 14-7
shear stress, 14-6
stream coordinates, 17-18 (fig)
thixotropic, 14-7
type, 14-2
uncommon, A-24
velocity, maximum, 17-3
viscosity type, 14-6
Fluidized-bed
boiler, 42-11
combustion, 37-5
combustor, 42-10
Fluke, 44-4
Flume, Parshall, 19-14
K-values, 19-14 (tbl)
Fluoridation, 24-14
chemicals, 23-6
Fluoride ion, in water, 23-6
Fluorocarbon, chlorinated, 38-38
Fluorosis, 23-6
Flush, first, 40-19
Flux
luminous, 50-2
method, total, 50-3
momentum, 17-14 (ftn)
Fly
ash, 37-3
filter, 26-8
Flywheel effect, thermal, 33-5
Focus, 7-10
Food
botulism, 46-25
poisoning, 46-25
Security Act, 28-9
-to-microorganism ratio, 27-5
Foot
board, 1-8
millions of particles per cubic, 32-10 (ftn)
standard cubic, 37-2
Force (see also type)
buoyant, 15-14
conversions, SI, A-3
draft air injection, 24-4
main, 25-4
majeure, 56-4
normal, 15-11
normal, on a dam, 15-11
on a dam, 15-11
on blade, jet, 17-35
on pipe bend, 17-36
on plate, jet, 17-34
pound, A-3
specific, 19-15
uplift, 21-9
van der Waals, 29-20
work performed by, 9-4

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INDEX - F

I N D E X

I-20

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - F

Forced draft, 37-17

tower, 31-12
Forcing function, 10-1, 10-3
Forebay, 18-23, 18-24
Forecasting, 54-42
Forested wetlands, riparian, 28-2
Form
center-radius, 7-10
cis, 3-8
drag, 17-41
exponential, 3-7, 3-8
functional, 3-2
general, 7-5
intercept, 7-5
log-linear, 3-11
Newton, 12-3 (ftn)
normal, 7-5
operational, log, 3-5
phasor, 3-8, 52-5
phasor, vector, 5-2
point-slope, 7-5
polar, 3-8, 7-5
polar, vector, 5-2
rectangular, 3-7
rectangular, vector, 5-2
row canonical, 4-2
row-reduced echelon, 4-1
slope-intercept, 7-5
standard, 7-9
standard polynomial, 3-3
trigonometric, 3-7
two-point, 7-5
Formaldehyde, 38-37
Formality, 22-10
Formation
acid, 38-9
constant, 22-15
enthalpy, 22-17, 22-18
heat of, 22-17
ozone, 38-10 (fig)
Formula
Babcock, 17-10
Camp, 26-6
Cardanos, 3-3
chemical, 22-5, A-74
Churchill, 25-7, 25-8
Colding, 39-7, 40-12
Donnan, 39-7, 40-12
double-angle, 6-3
Dulongs, 37-14
empirical, 22-7
FAA, 20-4
G.K., 19-4 (ftn)
half-angle, 6-4
Hazens, 21-2
Hitchins, 33-6
kinematic wave, 20-4
Korteweg, 17-39
Lagranges, 5-5
miscellaneous, angles, 6-4
NRC, 26-10
OConnor and Dobbins, 25-7
Panhandle, 17-10
Spitzglass, 17-10
Steel, 20-5
Taylors, 8-8
two-angle, 6-4
Velz, 26-11
weight, 22-6
Weymouth, 17-10
Forward-curved
centrifugal, 36-6
fan, 36-6
Fouling, 38-32
Four nines, 38-3
Fourier
analysis, 9-6
inversion, 9-6
number, 1-9 (tbl)
series, 9-6
transform, fast, 9-8
waveforms, 9-7
Fouriers theorem, 9-6

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R E F E R E N C E

Fourth
moment of the mean, 11-14
standardized moment, 11-14
Fraction
gravimetric, 22-6, 29-18, 37-2
growth rate, 3-11
inhalable, 40-9
ionized, HOCl, 24-20
mass, 29-18
mole, 14-6, 29-18, 37-2, 51-4
partial, 3-6, 9-3
partial pressure, 37-2
remaining curve, 24-6
removed, total, 24-6
respirable, 40-9
submerged, 15-15
thoracic, 40-9
volumetric, 29-18, 37-2, 51-4
weight, 29-18
Fractional target efficiency, 38-27
Francis
turbine, 18-23
weir equation, 19-11
Frank effect level, 45-7
Fraud, 56-6
compensatory, 56-6
statute of, 56-3 (ftn)
Fraudulent act, 56-6
Free
aquifer, 21-1, 21-2
area, 36-30
cooling, 34-2
energy, 29-10
-field sound, 50-6
-flow mode, 19-14
path, gas, 42-9
residual, 23-9
surface, 16-5
Freedom, degrees of, 11-8
chi-squared, 11-8
Freemans formula, 24-24 (ftn)
Freeze
protection, 35-2
stat, 35-2
-up, coil, 33-7
Freezing of coils, 33-7, 34-9
Freight, ton, 1-7
Freon, 40-7
Frequency
analysis, 9-8 (ftn)
analysis, resolution, 9-8
carrier, 53-4
content, 50-7
distribution, 11-11
distribution, step interval, 11-11
drive, variable, 36-8
electrical, 52-4
flood, 28-2
fundamental, 9-6
natural, 9-6
of occurrence, 20-5
of sound, 50-5
panel, natural, 50-11
panel, resonant, 50-11
polygon, 11-11
sound, 46-8
Freshwater marsh, 28-2
tidal, 28-2
Fresnel integral function, 9-8 (ftn)
Fretting corrosion, 22-19
Freundlich equation, 38-31
Friction (see also type), 17-4
angle, interfacial, 39-5 (tbl)
brake, 53-13
coefficient of, 15-11
duct, 36-14, 36-17
factor, Atkinson, 36-32
factor chart, Moody, 17-6, 17-7 (fig)
factor, Darcy, 17-5 (ftn), A-50, A-51,
A-52, A-53
factor, Fanning, 17-5 (ftn)
head, 18-6
head loss, 17-4 (ftn)
heating, 17-4 (ftn)

M A N U A L

horsepower, 36-8
loss, duct, 36-14
loss, duct fitting, 36-17
loss, gas, 17-9
loss, skin, 17-4 (ftn)
loss, slurry, 17-11
loss, steam, 17-9
pipe, 17-14
power, 18-9
power, fan, 36-8
pressure, 36-8, 36-14
pressure drop, 17-4 (ftn)
skin, 17-41
stack, 37-19
turbulent flow, 17-5, 17-6
Frontal area, 17-41
Frostbite, 46-17
Frostnip, 46-17
Froude number, 1-9 (tbl), 17-47, 19-18
FRP, 36-14
FTP, 38-35
Fuel
-bound NOx, 40-14, 40-15
consumption, 33-6
consumption, furnace, 33-6
diesel, 37-7
Economy Driving Schedule,
Highway, 38-35
economy, corporate average, 38-35
loss, unburned, 37-16
oil, 37-6
oxygenated, 40-7
properties, 37-6
refuse-derived, 37-4, 39-10, 39-11 (tbl)
standard conditions, gaseous, 37-2
switching, 40-20
tire-derived, 37-4
waste, 37-4
Fugacity, 29-10
and activity, 29-10
function, 29-10
Fugitive
dust, 40-9
emission, 40-10
Full
bridge, 53-11
-lift safety valve, 16-12
-load value, motor, 52-13
-wave symmetry, 9-7 (tbl)
Fully
amortized bond, 54-29 (ftn)
turbulent flow, 16-7, 17-5
Fume, 38-4, 46-5
exhaust hood, 32-9
fever, metal, 46-8
hood, 32-9
welding, 46-8
Fumigating plume, 38-17 (fig)
Function
analytic, 8-1
asymmetrical, 7-4
binomial probability density, 11-5
circular transcendental, 6-2
continuous distribution, 11-6
covers, 6-4
density, 11-4
entropy, 29-11
error, 9-8, 11-9, A-16
exsec, 6-4
first moment of, 9-6
forcing, 10-1
fugacity, 29-10
Gibbs, 29-9
havers, 6-4
hazard, 11-9
Helmholtz, 29-9
holomorphic, 8-1
hyperbolic, 6-4
in a unit circle, trigonometric, 6-3 (fig)
integral, 9-8
integral cosine, 9-8
integral elliptic, 9-8 (ftn)
integral exponential, 9-8
integral Fresnel, 9-8 (ftn)

integral gamma, 9-8 (ftn)

integral sine, 9-8
Lagrange stream, 17-4
mapping, 7-3
of an angle, 6-2
of related angle, 6-3
path, 30-4
performance, 11-10
point, 30-4, 30-7
regular, 8-1
room transfer, 34-3
second moment of, 9-6
stream, 17-4
stream potential, 17-3
symmetrical, 7-4
transcendental, 8-2
trigonometric, 6-2
unit impulse, 10-6
unit step, 10-6
vector, 5-5
velocity potential, 17-3
vers, 6-4
well, 21-7
Functional
form, 3-2
group, organic, 43-1, 43-3
Functions
integral of combination, 9-2
of related angles, 6-3
Fund, sinking, 54-7
Fundamental
frequency, 9-6
theorem of calculus, 9-4
Fundamentals of Engineering exam, 58-1
Fungi, 44-1, 44-2 (tbl), 44-3
Fungicide, 40-17
Furnace, 33-5, 33-6
efficiency, 37-17
sizing, 33-5
sorbent-injection, 37-5
Fusion
heat of, 29-9
latent heat of, 29-8
Future worth, 54-5

G
GAC, 24-14, 26-13
Gage (see also Gauge)
factor, 53-8, 53-9
pressure, 14-2, 15-2, 15-6 (ftn)
Gain
heat, 34-2
instantaneous heat, 34-2
internal heat, 34-1
Galtons distribution, 11-8
Galvanic
action, 22-18
series, 22-18 (tbl)
Galvanized steel pipe, 16-10
Gamma
dose, 48-5
integral function, 9-8 (ftn)
ray, 49-2 (tbl)
ray dose constant, 48-8 (tbl)
ray radiation, 46-13, 48-1
ray shielding, 49-4
Ganglionitis, 46-21
Gantt chart, 55-9, 55-10
Garbage, 37-4, 39-1, 40-14
Gas, 38-12, 42-9
absorption, 42-2
absorption coefficients, 39-9 (tbl)
acid, 40-4
average molecular weight, 38-8
blast-furnace, 37-8 (ftn)
coke-oven, 37-8 (ftn)
collection, 39-6
compressed, 51-3
constant, specific, 29-15
constant, universal, 14-10, 29-14,
29-15 (tbl), 38-8 (tbl)
desorption, 42-2 (ftn)
digester (see also Methane), 27-16
diluent, 37-20

extraction well, 39-6

flammable, 51-3
flammable limit, 51-5 (fig)
flue, 37-12
friction loss, 17-9
greenhouse, 38-38, 40-10
hazardous, 46-3
ideal, 29-2, 29-16
ideal, equation of state, 29-14
ideal, mixture, 29-19
ideal, properties of, 29-15, 29-16
ideal, property changes, 30-7
incompressible, 16-2 (ftn)
kinetic, 29-17
landfill, 39-5, 40-11
law, universal, 38-8
liquefied compressed, 51-3
liquefied petroleum, 37-8
manufactured, 37-8 (ftn)
methane, 27-16
mixture, 29-2, 29-18
natural, 37-11
noble, 22-4
off-, 42-21
partial pressure, 29-18
perfect, 29-16
poisonous, 51-3
producer, 37-8 (ftn)
properties, 29-16 (tbl), A-140
real, 29-2, 29-20
real, specific heat, 29-21
sampling, 38-12
specific heat, 37-2
stack, 37-12
sulfur in stack, 40-4
synthetic, 37-6, 37-8
table, using, 29-11
town, 37-8 (ftn)
water, 37-8 (ftn)
Gaseous
emissions sources, 38-5 (tbl)
pollutant, 38-5
Gases dissolved in liquid, 22-9
Gasification, 40-18
Gasohol, 37-7
Gasoline, 37-6
characteristics, 40-10
pollution from, 40-10
reformulated, 37-6
Gastroenteritis, 44-2 (tbl)
Gate
blast, 36-24 (ftn)
valve, 16-12
Gauge (see also Gage), 14-2 (ftn)
bonded strain, 53-8 (ftn)
diaphragm, 15-2
draft, 15-3 (ftn)
duct, 36-13
dummy, 53-10
pitot, 17-28 (fig)
pitot-static, 17-28 (fig)
sheet metal, 36-13
staff, 19-11
strain, 15-2, 53-8, 53-13
unbonded strain, 53-8 (ftn)
wire, American, 52-8
Gauging stream, 19-2
Gaul (unit), 36-32
Gauss-Jordan elimination, 4-2
Gauss hypergeometric equation, 10-5
Gaussian
dispersion coefficient, 38-18, 38-19 (fig),
38-20 (fig)
dispersion model, 38-18 (fig)
distribution, 11-7
plume model, 38-16, 38-17
Gay-Lussacs law, 30-7
Gear, motor, 18-11, 52-14 (ftn)
Gelular resin, 24-17
General
contractor, 56-4
control (heat stress), 46-17
damages, 56-7
expense, 54-32

I-21

form, 7-5
ledger, 54-33
overhead, 55-6
partner, 56-1
term, 3-10
triangle, 6-5 (fig)
Generalized compressibility chart, 29-20
Generator, 52-11 (ftn), 52-15
pollution, 40-3
Generic collector collection efficiency, 42-19
Genetic effect, 48-4
Geocomposite liner, 39-4
Geogrid, 39-5
Geomembrane, 39-4
Geometric
growth, 3-11
mean, 11-12
sequence, 3-11
series, 3-12
similarity, 17-45
slope, 19-3
Geosynthetic, 39-4
Germain correlation, 26-11
Giardia
cyst, 24-20
lamblia, 44-2 (tbl)
Giardiasis, 44-2 (tbl)
Gibbs
function, 29-9
rule, 29-19
theorem, 29-19
G.K. formula, 19-4 (ftn)
Glauconite, 22-21, 24-17
Global
climate change, 38-38
distillation, 40-17
warming, 38-38, 40-10
Globe
temperature, wet bulb, 46-15
valve, 16-12
Gloves, 46-5
Glycol, 43-2 (tbl)
Goggles, 46-5
Gold point, 53-7 (ftn)
Golf ball, 17-42
Golfers elbow, 46-21
Gore, 36-19
G-P sewer, 25-4
Grab
sample, 25-15
sampling, 22-23
Grade
line, energy, 16-8, 17-15
line, hydraulic, 16-8, 17-16
viscosity, 14-9
Gradient
cash flow, 54-8
energy, 19-3
factor, exponential, 54-26
hydraulic, 21-2
series cash flow, 54-4
vector, 8-5
velocity, 14-6, 17-14, 24-11
Grading gap, 5-5
Graetz number, 1-9 (tbl)
Grain, A-3, A-4
alcohol, 37-7
as a unit, 31-2
unit, 23-3, 24-17 (ftn)
Grains per gallon, 22-23 (ftn)
Gram-mole, 22-5
Grand sensible heat
factor, 34-7
ratio, 31-7, 34-7
Granular activated carbon, 24-14,
26-13, 42-3
Graph
curve, 7-3
directed, 55-10
linear equation, 3-7
polynomial, 3-4
Grashof number, 1-9 (tbl)
Grate inlet, 25-5

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INDEX - G

I N D E X

I-22

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - H

Gravel
pack, well, 21-4
screen, 21-5
Gravimetric
analysis, 37-2
fraction, 22-6, 29-18, 37-2
Gravitational
constant, 1-2
energy, 13-3, 16-1, 16-2 (ftn)
Gravity
altitude, 1-2
belt thickening, 27-15
chimney, 37-17 (ftn)
dam, 15-11 (ftn)
damper, 36-24
distribution, 24-24
duct system, 36-13
earth, 1-2
flow, 18-5
sewer, 25-4
specific, 14-4
standard, 1-2
thickening, 27-14
well, 21-2, 21-4
Gray, 48-2, 48-3
unit, 46-12
Grease, 25-14, 26-7
Greek alphabet, 3-1
Green sand, 24-17
Greenhouse gas, 38-38, 40-10
Greenman v. Yuba Power, 56-7 (ftn)
Greensand, 22-21
Grid, 42-8, 53-8
Grille, 36-24, 36-29
adjustable bar, 36-24
filter, 36-29
fixed-bar, 36-24
pressure, 36-30
Grinding scum, 26-7
Grit, 26-6, 42-23
chamber, 26-6
chamber, aerated, 26-6
chamber, characteristics, 26-7
clarifier, 26-6
Gross
air-to-cloth ratio, 42-5
area, 36-30
filtering area, 42-5
filtering velocity, 42-5
heating value, 37-14
margin, 54-36
rain, 20-17
rainfall, 20-17
Ground
level ozone accumulation, 38-10 (fig)
slab, 33-3
Groundwater, 20-7 (ftn)
dewatering, 39-7, 40-12
Group
chemical, 22-2
control, 45-7
dimensionless, 1-8, 1-9 (tbl)
process, 55-1
Growth
exponential, 3-11, 10-9
geometric, 3-11
instantaneous, 3-11
Malthusian, 3-11
population, 3-11
rate, 3-11
rate, arithmetic, 3-11
rate, average annual, 3-11
rate, constant, 3-11
rate, exponential, 54-4
rate, fraction, 3-11
rate, linear, 3-11
rate, maximum specific, 27-7
rate, net, 25-7
rate, specific, 25-6
GSHR, 34-7
Guidelines Section 404, 28-10
Gutter, inlet, 25-5

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

Gyration
least radius of, 2-6
radius of, 2-6

H
HAA5, 23-10
Hagen-Poiseuille equation, 17-7
Half
-angle formula, 6-4
-bridge, 53-11
-life, 3-11, 22-13, 46-13, 48-2 (tbl)
-life, decay, 10-10
-life, effective, 48-6
-life, radioisotope, 48-2
-value thickness, 46-14
-velocity coefficient, 25-6
-wave symmetry, 7-4, 9-7 (tbl)
-year convention, 54-3
Halide, 43-1 (tbl)
alkyl, 43-2 (tbl)
Haline, 28-2
Haloacetic acid, 23-10
Halogen, 22-2, 43-1 (tbl)
Halogenated
chemicals, 38-7 (fig)
compound, 23-9
Hammer, water, 17-38 (fig)
Handling unit, air (AHU), 32-11, 36-3
Hantavirus, 46-26
HAP, 38-3, 38-6
Hard
water, 24-15
X-ray, 46-13
Hardness, 23-5 (fig)
calcium, 23-3
carbonate, 22-21 (ftn), 23-3
ions, water, 23-4
magnesium, 23-3
noncarbonate, 22-21, 23-3, 23-4
permanent, 22-21, 23-4
temporary, 22-21
total, 22-21
water, 22-21, 23-3, 23-4
Hardy Cross method, 17-24
Harmon peaking factor, 25-2
Harmonic
mean, 11-12
sequence, 3-11
series, 3-12
terms, 9-6
Havers function, 6-4
Haversine, 6-4
Hazard (see type), 11-19, 46-2
analysis process, A-151
assessment, 47-1
bicarbonate, 23-11
biological, 46-2, 46-22
boron, 23-11
chemical, 46-2
ergonomic, 46-2
function, 11-9
health, 47-1
identification, 11-19
index, 11-20, 11-24
physical, 46-2
ratio, 45-8, 45-12, 51-8
salinity, 23-11
sodium, 23-11
Hazardous
air pollutant, 38-3, 38-6, 40-2
chemical, A-158
concentration, 46-4 (tbl)
constituent, principal organic, 38-3
gas, 46-3
material, 41-1
pollutant, 38-3
spills, 40-20
waste, 40-2
waste, disposition, 41-2
waste, incineration, 42-14

M A N U A L

Hazen-Williams
constant, A-49
equation, 17-8
nomograph, A-56
roughness pipe, A-49
velocity, 19-6
Hazens formula, 21-2
Hazmat, 41-1
HDPE pipe, 16-9
Head, 15-5 (ftn), 18-6
acceleration, 18-2, 18-3 (ftn)
added, 17-15
added, pump, 17-15
atmospheric, 18-6 (ftn)
dynamic, 18-6
effective, 17-17, 18-6
extracted, 17-15
friction, 18-6
hydraulic, 24-13
impact, 16-4
loss, 17-4
loss, effect of viscosity, 17-11
loss, friction, 17-4
loss, slurry, 17-11
pressure, 18-6 (ftn)
stack effect, 37-18
static discharge, 18-6
static suction, 18-6
total, 16-2
vapor pressure, 18-6 (ftn)
velocity, 18-6
Health
and safety plan, 47-4
and safety program, 47-4
company, 54-35
hazard, 47-1
risk zone, temperature, 46-14
Hearing, 46-9
conservation program, 46-11
loss, 46-10
protection, 46-12
protective device, 50-12
threshold of, 46-9, 50-7
Heart, 45-4
Heat
balance, human body, 46-14
capacity, 13-4, 29-7
conservation method, 33-7
content, 29-5
conversion, SI, A-3
engine, 30-12
exhaustion, 46-15
factor, sensible, 34-6
finding graphically, 30-4
gain, 34-2
gain, internal, 33-4
gain to air conditioning duct, 34-5
generation by occupant, approximate,
32-8 (tbl)
latent, 29-8, 29-9 (tbl), 32-7, 32-8
load, 31-13
loss, 27-17
metabolic, 32-8
of combustion, 37-14, A-139
of formation, 22-17
of fusion, 29-9
ratio of specific, 29-8
ratio, sensible, 34-6
release rate, 39-10
removal, ventilation, 32-8
reservoir, 30-11
sensible, 29-8, 32-8
source, domestic, 33-4 (ftn)
source, internal, 33-4
specific, 13-4, 29-7
specific, ideal gas, 29-16
specific, molar, 29-7
strain, 46-15
stress (control), 46-15, 46-17
total, 29-5, 29-8
transfer, 27-17
transfer coefficient, 27-17
transfer, overall coefficient of, 33-2

Heating
degree-days, 33-6
friction, 17-4 (ftn)
kelvin-days, 33-6
load, 33-1
load, average, 33-1
load, maximum, 33-1
losses, 52-17
sensible, 31-8
value, 37-14
value, gross, 37-14
value, higher, 37-14
value, lower, 37-14
value, methane, 27-17
with dehumidification, 31-12
with humidification, 31-11
Heatstroke, 46-15
Heave, 21-9
Heavy
hydrogen, 22-2
metal, 22-2
metal, in wastewater, 25-14
Heel (verb), 15-17 (ftn)
dam, 15-11
Height
cell, 39-3, 40-14
effective stack, 38-18
of packing, 42-22
of transfer unit, 42-22
piezometric, 21-2
Helix, 7-12
pitch, 7-12
Helmholtz function, 29-9
Helminth, 44-1, 44-2 (tbl)
Hematoxicity, 45-4
Henrys
constant, 38-8
law, 22-9, 38-8, 42-21
law constant, 22-9 (tbl), A-141, A-142
HEPA, 32-11
filter, 36-23
Hepatitis, 44-2 (tbl), 45-4, 46-25
serum, 46-25
Hepatoxicity, 45-4
Herbicide, 40-17
Hess law, 22-18
Heterotroph, 44-1, 44-3
facultative, 44-4
Hex number, 53-15 (ftn)
Hexachlorobenzene, 40-17
Hexadecimal system, 53-15
HFC-134a pressure-enthalpy
diagram, A-111, A-130
Hi-vol
particulate sampler, 38-11 (fig)
sampler, 38-11 (fig)
Hideout, 22-23
High
-efficiency cyclone, 38-22
-efficiency particle arresting, 32-11
-efficiency particulate air filter, 36-23
-efficiency particulate arresting, 32-11
-lift safety valve, 16-12
purity oxygen aeration, 27-4
-rate aeration, 27-4
-rate filter, 26-8
repetitiveness, stress, 46-21
-temperature reservoir, 30-11
-throughput cyclone, 38-22
-velocity system, 36-21
-volume sampler, 38-11
Higher heating value, 37-14
Highly significant results, 11-15
Highway
accident, 51-1
Fuel Economy Driving Schedule, 38-35
rainwater runoff, 40-19
Hindered settling zone, 27-14
Histogram, 11-11
Hitchins formula, degree-days, 33-6
HIV, 44-6, 46-25
Hobby, 54-12 (ftn)
HOCl fraction, ionized, 24-20
Hogs hair filters, 36-23

Hole, tap, 15-3

Holomorphic function, 8-1
Homogeneous
circuits, law of, 53-7
differential equation, 10-1, 10-2
linear equation, 3-7
second-order, 10-3
unit system, 1-2 (ftn)
Homologous
fan, 36-10
pump, 18-13
Hood
air, 32-9
air, enclosure, 32-9
air, nonbypass, 32-9
air, nonenclosure, 32-9
conventional cabinet bypass air,
32-9 (fig)
exposure, minimum control velocity for,
32-9 (tbl)
fume exhaust, 32-9
minimum control velocity for exposure,
32-9 (tbl)
Hookes law, 53-11
Hookworm, 44-2 (tbl)
Horizon, 54-3
analysis, 54-17
Horizontal flow grit chamber, 26-6
Horsepower, 13-6, A-1, A-2
aero, 17-42
air, 36-6
blower, 36-6
boiler, 37-17
brake, 36-6
friction, 36-8
hydraulic, 17-15, 18-8 (tbl)
theoretical, 17-15
water, 17-15
Horton
coefficient, 19-13
-Einstein equation, 19-10
equation, 19-13, 21-9
Hot
deck, 36-13
-wire anemometer, 17-27
Hour, DAC-, 48-8
HPD, 50-12
Huebscher equation, 36-17
Hull, convex, 7-2, 7-3
Human
direct exposure, carcinogen, 45-9
error, 53-2
immunodeficiency virus, 44-6, 46-25
-made radiation, 48-3
Humectant, 40-9 (ftn)
Humidification, 31-7, 32-7, 33-4
booster, 32-7
efficiency, 31-10
load, 31-7
pure, 31-7
spot, 32-7
steam, 31-11
straight, 31-7
Humidistat, 35-1
Humidity
maximum indoor, 32-9
mold, 32-8
percentage, 31-2
ratio, 31-2
relative, 31-2
specific, 31-2
Hundred year
flood, 20-6
storm, 20-6
HVAC
controller, 35-1
process control, 35-1
HWFET, 38-35
Hydrant, fire, 24-24
Hydrated
lime, 24-15
molecule, 22-6
Hydration, 22-10
water of, 22-6

I-23

Hydraulic
conductivity, 21-2
depth, 16-6 (ftn), 19-3
detention time, 27-5, 27-8
diameter, 16-6 (ftn), 17-9, 36-17 (ftn)
drop, 16-9 (ftn), 19-20 (ftn), 19-26
element, circular pipes, A-29
elements, A-61
grade line, 16-8, 17-16, A-29
gradient, 21-2
head, 24-13
horsepower, 17-15, 18-8 (tbl)
jack, 15-14
jump, 16-9 (ftn), 19-23
kilowatt, 18-8 (tbl)
loading, 25-3, 26-10, 42-23
mean depth, 19-2 (ftn)
NPSHR, 18-21
power, 18-7
press, 15-14
radius, 16-5, 19-2, A-29
ram, 15-14
retention time, 27-7
Hydraulically
long, 19-27
short, 19-27
Hydraulics, 17-2
Hydrocarbon, 37-2, 38-6, 43-1, 43-3 (tbl)
aromatic, 37-2
pollutant, 38-5
pumping, 18-21
saturated, 37-2, 43-2 (tbl)
specific gravity, A-26
unsaturated, 37-2
vapor pressure, A-25
Hydrochloric acid, 23-9, 38-3, 40-4
Hydrodynamics, 17-2
Hydroelectric generating plant, 18-23
Hydrogen
available, 37-3
damage, 22-19
embrittlement, 22-19
heavy, 22-2
normal, 22-2
sulfide, 25-5, 44-6
Hydrogenation, 40-18
Hydrograph, 20-7
analysis, 20-7
separation, 20-7
Snyder, 20-11
synthesis, 20-11, 20-13
triangular unit, 20-12
unit, 20-8
Hydrologic
cycle, 20-1
soil group, 20-16
Hydrology
changes, 28-2
of lands, 28-2
wetlands, 28-2
Hydrolysis, 43-2
Hydrolyzing metal ion, 24-8
Hydrometer, 14-4
Hydroperiod, 28-2
bottomland forest, 28-3 (fig)
coastal marsh, 28-3 (fig)
cypress dome, 28-3 (fig)
nontidal, 28-3 (tbl)
tidal, 28-3 (tbl)
tropical floodplain, 28-3 (fig)
Hydrophilic, 14-12
Hydrophobic, 14-12
Hydrostatic, 15-4 (ftn)
moment, 15-11
paradox, 15-4
pressure, 15-4
pressure, vertical plane surface, 15-7 (fig)
resultant, 15-6
torque, 15-11
Hydrostatics, 17-2
Hydroxyl, 43-1 (tbl)
Hyetograph, 20-2
Hygiene, industrial, 46-1

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

INDEX - H

I N D E X

I-24

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

Hygroscopic, 32-7
material, 32-7
Hygrostat, 35-1
Hyperbola, 7-11
equilateral, 7-12
rectangular, 7-12
unit, 6-5
Hyperbolic
cosecant, 6-5
cosine, 6-4
cotangent, 6-5
function, 6-4
function, derivative, 8-2
function, integral of, 9-2
identity, 6-5
radian, 6-5
secant, 6-5
sine, 6-4
tangent, 6-4, 6-5
Hypergeometric
distribution, 11-5
equation, Gauss, 10-5
Hyperion Energy Recovery System, 27-20
Hypersonic travel, 14-15
Hypochlorous acid, 23-9
Hypocycloid, 7-4
Hypolimnion, 23-8
Hypotenuse angle, 6-2
Hypothermia, 46-17
Hypothesis, 22-5
alternative, 11-15
Avogadros, 22-5
null, 11-15
test, 11-16
Hysteresis, 53-5 (ftn)

I
Ice

INDEX - I

point, 53-7 (ftn)

slush, 29-2
ICFM, 36-2
Icing preventing coil, 34-10 (fig)
Ideal
air, 37-9
combustion reactions, 37-9 (tbl)
fluid, 14-2
gas, 29-2, 29-16
gas equation, 47-5
gas, equation of state, 29-14
gas law, 38-8
gas, properties of, 29-15, 29-16
gas, specific heat of, 29-16
machine, 13-6
quantities, 37-9
reaction, 22-8
yield, 22-8
Idempotent set, law, 11-2
Identification hazard, 11-19
Identity
BAC-CAB, 5-5
hyperbolic, 6-5
logarithm, 3-5
matrix, 4-1
set, law, 11-2
trigonometric, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5
IDF curve, 20-5
IDLH, 47-3
hazardous concentration, 46-4 (tbl)
values, NIOSH, A-147
Ignitable substance, 40-2
Ignition temperature, 37-8
Illegitimate error, 53-2
Illness, building-related, 40-5
Illuminance, 50-3
Illumination, 50-2, 50-3
Imaginary number, 3-1
Imhoff cone, 23-9
Immediately dangerous to life or
health, 47-3
values, NIOSH, A-147
Immersion, thermostat, 35-2
Immiscible liquid, 15-12
Immunotoxicity, 45-5

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

Impact
energy, 16-4
factor, 16-4
head, 16-4
noise, 46-11, 50-4
tube, 16-4
Impaction parameter, 42-19
Impactor, 38-11
particulate sampler, 38-12 (fig)
Impedance, 52-5
acoustic, 50-6
characteristic, 50-6
losses, 52-17
medium acoustic, 50-6
sound, 50-6
specific acoustic, 50-6
Impeller
mixing, 24-11
specific speed, 18-12
Impingement sampler, 38-11
Impinger, midget, 32-10 (ftn)
Implicit differentiation, 8-4
Imposed risk, 11-19
Impounding reservoir, 20-19
Impoundment depth, 20-19
Impulse, 17-33
fluid, 17-33
function, 10-6
-momentum principle, 17-33
noise, 50-4
turbine, 17-36, 18-21
In
-line filtration, 24-2
-vessel composting, 27-20
Inches of water, 36-3
Incident
angle, 50-4
commander, 51-3
Incineration, 37-4, 38-32
catalytic, 38-32
direct flame, 38-32
hazardous waste, 42-14
infrared, 42-14
liquid, 42-14
MSW, 39-10
oxygen-enriched, 42-14
plasma, 42-14
sludge, 27-20, 42-15
soil, 42-15
thermal, 38-32
Incinerator, 42-11, 42-13, 42-14
catalytic, 38-33 (fig)
no-boiler, 39-10
thermal, 38-32 (fig)
vapor, 42-15
Income, 54-34
bracket, 54-25
net, 54-34
tax, 54-24
Incomplete combustion, 37-12
Incompressible gas, 16-2 (ftn)
Inconsistent system, 3-7
Increase average, 11-16
Incremental
analysis, 54-17
cost, 54-32
risk, 11-19
Indefinite integral, 9-1 (ftn), 9-2, 9-4, A-11
Independent
event, 11-3
variable, 3-2
Index
aggressive, 24-19
air quality, 38-12
hazard, 11-20, 11-24
Langelier, 24-18
most probable number, 44-5
pollution standard, 38-12
Puckorius, 24-19
run, duct, 36-8
Ryznar, 24-18
sludge volume, 27-5
sound reduction, 50-11
viscosity, 14-9

M A N U A L

viscosity blending, 14-16

water stability, 24-18
wind chill, 46-18
Indicator
card, 53-14
diagram, 53-14
organism, 44-4
solution, 23-2
Indigenous infection, 46-23
Indirect
-condensing cooling tower, 31-14
cost, 55-9
manufacturing expense, 54-33
material and labor cost, 54-33
Indoor
air pollution, 38-36
air quality procedure, 32-2
design conditions, 32-6
pollution source, 38-36 (tbl)
Induced
draft, 37-17
drag, 17-41
mechanical draft, 31-12
voltage, 17-27
Inductance, 52-6
Induction
motor, 18-10, 52-14
ratio, 36-30
Inductive
reactance, 52-6
transducer, 53-4
Inductor, 52-6
Industrial
exemption, 58-1
hygiene, 46-1
wastewater, 25-2, 25-8, 26-1
wastewater, standards, 26-1
Inelastic scattering, 49-7
Inequality, 4-4
Inertia
area moment, 2-3
centroidal moment of, 2-3, 2-4
moment, A-7
moment of, 2-3
polar moment of, 2-6
principal moment of, 2-8
product of, 2-7
rectangular moment of, 2-3
thermal, 33-5
Inertial separator, 40-9, 42-7
Infant
botulism, 46-25
mortality, 11-9
Infection, 46-23
endogenous, 46-23
exogenous, 46-23
indigenous, 46-23
Infective dose, 44-6
Infiltration, 20-7 (ftn), 21-9, 32-5
accidental, 32-5
air, 33-3
and ventilation, 34-4
energy to warm, 33-3
in tall buildings, 32-6
loss, 33-1
sewer, 25-2
test, double-ring, 21-9
wind, 32-6
Infinite series, 3-11, 3-12 (ftn), 54-7
Inflation, 54-39
effect on cost, 55-7
Inflection point, 7-2, 8-2
Inflow, 25-2
Influence, radius of, 21-5, 39-6
Infrared incineration, 42-14
Ingestion, 45-3
Inhalable fraction, 40-9
Inhalation, 45-2
class, 48-8
Initial
abstraction, 20-2, 20-18
condition, 9-4
value, 9-4, 10-1
value problem, 10-1

Injection
sorbent, 42-20
well, 42-11
Injured party, 56-6
Inland wetlands, 28-2
Inlet, 36-29
control, 19-27
curb, 25-5
grate, 25-5
gutter, 25-5
pressure, net positive, 18-2 (ftn)
vane, 36-7
Inline sampling, 22-23
Inner transition element, 22-2
Innovative method, 40-20
Inorganic
chemical, 25-14
compound, volatile, 40-22
salt, removal, in wastewater, 26-3
Insecticide (see also Pesticide), 40-17
Insensitivity, 53-2
experiment, 11-12
Insertion loss, 46-11, 50-11
Inside
and outside design conditions, 34-3
design conditions, 33-2
design temperature, 33-2, 34-3
Inspection, polynomial, 3-4
Instability, 53-2
Instantaneous
cooling load, 34-2
cooling load from walls and roofs, 34-3
cooling load from windows, 34-3, 34-4
growth, 3-11
heat absorption, 34-2
heat gain, 34-2
reorder inventory, 54-44 (fig)
Institutional issues, 38-34
Instrument, coefficient of, 17-28
Insulation clothing, 46-15
Insurance, 56-8
Services Office, 24-23
Intake
annual limit on, 48-8, 48-10 (tbl)
annual limit, radionuclides, 48-10 (tbl)
chronic daily, 51-8
Intangible property, 54-20 (ftn)
Integral, 9-1, 9-2
convolution, 10-6
cosine function, 9-8
definite, 9-1 (ftn), 9-4
double, 9-3
elliptic function, 9-8 (ftn)
exponential function, 9-8
Fresnel function, 9-8 (ftn)
function, 9-8
gamma function, 9-8 (ftn)
indefinite, 9-1, 9-4, A-11
of combination of functions, 9-2
of hyperbolic function, 9-2
of transcendental function, 9-1
sine function, 9-8
table, 9-1 (ftn)
triple, 9-3
Integrand, 9-1
Integrated
gasification/combined cycle, 37-6
Risk Information System, 45-9
Integrating factor, 10-2
Integration, 9-1
by parts, 9-2
by separation of terms, 9-3
constant of, 9-1, 10-1
method, 2-1, 2-4
typical controls, 35-2
Intensity
-duration-frequency curve, 20-5
luminous, 50-2
of sound, 50-4
radiation, 46-13
rainfall, 20-4
sound, 46-9
Intensive property, 29-4

Intercept, 7-5
form, 7-5
Interceptor, 25-3
Interest
compound, 54-11
rate, effective, 54-5, 54-28
rate, effective annual, 54-5
rate, nominal, 54-28
simple, 54-11
Interfacial
area, 42-21
friction angle, 39-5 (tbl)
Interference nerve, 45-5
Intergranular, 22-19
attack, 22-19
corrosion, 22-19
Intermediate
clarifier, 26-12
metals, law of, 53-7
neutron, 49-8
temperatures, law of, 53-8
Intermittent
duty, 52-14
noise, 46-11
sand filter, 26-12
Intern, engineer, 58-1 (ftn)
Internal
combustion engine, 38-36 (fig)
dose, 48-6, 48-8
energy, 13-4, 29-5
energy, molar, 29-5
heat gain, 33-5, 34-1
heat source, 33-4, 34-4
rate of return, 54-12
specific energy, 29-5
work, 13-2
International standard
atmosphere, A-58
metric conditions, 37-2
Interpolating polynomial, Newtons, 12-3
Interpolation, nonlinear, 12-2, 12-3
Intersection
angle, 7-6, 7-8
line, 7-6
set, 11-1
Intertidal substrate, 28-2
Interval
proof test, 11-9
recurrence, 20-5
Intestine, 45-3
small, 45-3
Intrinsic
permeability, 21-2
waste, 40-2
Inventory, 54-37
instantaneous reorder, 54-44 (fig)
supply, 54-36
turnover, 54-35, 54-36
value, 54-37
Inverse
function, 6-4
Laplace transform, 10-6
lever rule, 31-5
matrix, 4-6
square law, 48-11
trigonometric operation, 6-4
Inversion, 38-15
curve, 30-3 (fig)
Fourier, 9-6
point, 30-3
temperature, 30-3 (tbl)
Invert, 19-27
Inverted bucket steam trap, 16-14
Investment
external, 54-13
return on, 54-11, 54-14
risk-free, 54-11
tax credit, 54-25
IOC, 25-14
Iodine, 24-21
Ion
bar chart, 23-1
common, effect, 22-12
exchange, 22-21

I-25

exchange regeneration, 24-18

exchange resin, 22-22
exchange softening, 24-17
product, 22-15
Ionic concentration, 22-11
Ionization, 49-2, 49-4
constant, 22-15
Ionized HOCl fraction, 24-20
Ionizing radiation, 46-12, 48-1
IRIS, 45-9
Iron
bacteria, 44-3
ion, in water, 23-6, 24-15
loss, 52-17
pipe, A-43
pipe dimensions, A-43, A-44
pipe, standard pressure classes, A-43
removal processes, 24-15
Irradiance, 50-3
Irradiation, 24-21
Irrational number, 3-1
Irreducible factor, 54-2
Irregular
areas, 7-1 (fig)
boundary, 7-1
Irreversibility, 30-13
Irreversible
process, 30-3
reaction, 22-13
ISA nozzle, 17-32 (ftn)
Isenthalpic
curve, 30-3
process, 30-2
Isentropic
closed system, reversible adiabatic, 30-9
compressibility, 14-13, 29-10
compression, 27-9
efficiency, 27-9
process, 30-2, 30-9
steady-flow, 30-9
Isobar, 29-3
critical, 29-3
Isobaric
compressibility, 29-10
process, 30-2
Isochoric process, 30-2
Isohyet, 20-2
Isohyetal method, 20-2
Isokinetic
sub-, 37-19 (ftn)
super-, 37-19 (ftn)
test, 37-19
Isolated system, 30-2
Isometric process, 30-2
Isometry, 7-3
Isopiestic equilibrium, 14-10 (ftn)
Isotherm, 29-12
Isothermal
compressibility, 14-13, 29-10
compression, 15-12
process, 30-2
Isotope, 22-2, 48-1
effect, 22-2 (ftn)
Iteration, fixed-point, 12-2

J
Jack, hydraulic, 15-14
Jacobs equation, 21-7
Jet
force on blade, 17-35
force on plate, 17-34
propulsion, 17-34
pump, 18-2
Job cost accounting, 54-36
Joint (see also type)
efficiency, 16-10
probability, 11-4
processing, 25-2
quality factor, 16-10
Joule, 1-5, A-3
equivalent, 13-1
-Kelvin coefficient, 30-3
-Thomson coefficient, 30-3

P P I

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INDEX - J

I N D E X

I-26

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

Joules
constant, 13-1, 29-6
law, 13-5
Journal, 54-33
Judgment factor, 54-2
Jump, hydraulic, 16-9 (ftn), 19-23
Jumper duct, 36-23
Junction, 53-6
Jurisdictional wetlands, 28-1

INDEX - L

Karman-Nikuradse equation, 17-5

Kelvin
-days, 33-6
-days, heating, 33-6
-Planck statement, 30-12
scale, 29-5
Keratin, 45-1
Ketone, 43-3 (tbl)
K-factor, 32-10
Kidney, 45-3
Killer cells, natural, 45-5
Kilograin (unit), 24-17 (ftn)
Kilogram, 1-1
Kilowatt
air, 36-6
brake, 36-6
hydraulic, 18-8 (tbl)
Kinematic
equation, Manning, 20-3
viscosity, 14-8, 16-7
wave formula, 20-4
Kinetic
energy, 1-3, 13-3, 16-1
energy, particle, 49-1
gas theory, 29-17
model, CSTR, 27-6
model, PFR, 27-6
pump, 18-2
Kinetics reaction, 22-13
irreversible, 22-13
reversible, 22-13
Kingdom, 44-1
Kip, A-3
Kirchhoffs voltage law, 52-3
Kjeldahl nitrogen, 25-14
kmol, 22-5
Knock resistance, 37-6
Knudsen number, 1-9 (tbl)
Korteweg formula, 17-39
K-out-of-n system, 11-10
Kuchlings formula, 24-24 (ftn)
Kurtosis, 11-14
excess, 11-14
Fishers, 11-14
Pearsons, 11-14
Kutta-Joukowsky
result, 17-41
theorem, 17-41
Kutter equation, 19-4 (ftn)
kVA rating, 52-14
K-waste, 40-3

LHo pitals rule, 3-9

LA4 test, 38-35
Labeling, hazardous material
container, 46-2
Labor
direct, 54-32
variance, 54-36
Laborers lien, 56-5
Ladder
logic diagram, 35-6
rung, 35-6
LAER, 38-2
Lag
equation, NRCS, 20-4
equation, SCS, 20-11
thermal, 33-5
time, 20-11

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

Lagging
circuit, 52-7
storm method, 20-13
Lagoon
aerated, 26-5
aerated, stabilization, 26-5
stabilization, 26-4
Lagrange stream function, 17-4
Lagranges formula, 5-5
Lagrangian interpolating polynomial, 12-2
Lambert, 50-2 (ftn), 50-3 (ftn)
Laminae, 16-7
Laminar flow, 16-7, 17-5
Land ban, 41-2
Landfill, 39-2
cap, 39-5
capacity, 39-3
cell, 40-14 (fig)
containment, 39-2
gas, 39-5, 40-11
monitoring, 39-9
municipal solid waste, 40-14
natural attenuation, 39-2
siting, 39-5
sludge, 27-20
Subtitle C, 39-3
Subtitle D, 39-3
Landvault, 39-2
Langelier stability index, 24-18
Lanthanide, 22-4
Lanthanon, 22-4
Laplace transform, 10-5, A-12
inverse, 10-6
of a derivative, 10-6
table, A-12
Lapse rate, 38-14, 38-16 (fig)
adiabatic, 38-15
ambient, 38-15
dry adiabatic, 38-14
subadiabatic, 38-15
superadiabatic, 38-15
wet adiabatic, 38-14, 38-15
Last-in, first-out, 54-38
Latency, 44-6
Latent
factor, 34-6
heat, 29-8, 29-9 (tbl), 32-7, 32-8
heat of fusion, 29-8
heat of sublimation, 29-8
heat of vaporization, 29-8
load, 34-6
Latus rectum, 7-10, 7-11
Law
acoustic mass, 50-11
affinity, 18-18, 36-10
Amagats, 29-18
associative, addition, 3-3
associative, multiplication, 3-3
Avogadros, 22-5, 29-14
Boyles, 30-7, 38-6
Charles, 30-7, 38-6
commutative, addition, 3-3
commutative, multiplication, 3-3
conservation of momentum, 17-33
Coulombs, 49-2
Daltons, 29-18, 31-1, 37-14, 38-7, 39-6
Darcys, 21-3, 39-7, 40-12
distance-squared, 50-3
distributive, 3-3
fan, 36-10
Gay-Lussacs, 30-7
Henrys, 38-8, 42-21
Hess, 22-18
Hookes, 53-11
ideal gas, 38-8
inverse-square, 48-11
Joules, 13-5
of additive effects, 45-12
of conservation of energy, 13-1
of cooling, Newtons, 10-10
of corresponding states, 29-20
of cosines, 6-5
of cosines, first, 6-6

M A N U A L

of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of

cosines, second, 6-6

definite proportions, 22-5
Dulong and Petit, 29-7, 29-8
homogeneous circuits, 53-7
induction, Faradays, 17-27
intermediate metals, 53-7
intermediate temperatures, 53-8
mass action, 22-13, 22-14
multiple proportions, 22-5
partial pressure, Daltons, 29-18
sines, 6-5, 6-6
tangents, 6-5
thermodynamics, first, closed
system, 30-4
of thermodynamics, first, open
system, 30-5
of thermodynamics, second,
29-7 (ftn), 30-12
of thermodynamics, third, 29-6
of thermodynamics, zeroth, 29-4
Pascals, 15-4
periodic, 22-2
Raoults, 14-16, 47-8, 51-4
sets, 11-1
similarity, 18-20
Stokes, 17-42, 24-5, 38-4
universal gas, 38-8
Laws, scaling, 18-20
Layer, boundary, 16-8 (ftn)
LBL factor, 34-5
lbmol, 22-5
LC50, 45-7
LCC, 35-5
Le Chateliers principle, 22-12
Leachate, 39-7, 40-11
carbon dioxide in, 39-9
generation rate, 39-7, 40-12
migration, 39-7, 40-12
recovery, 39-8, 40-13
treatment, 39-8, 40-13
Leaching
cesspool, 26-2
characteristic, toxicity, 40-2
selective, 22-19
Lead, 40-13
exposure to, 46-7
-follow mode, two-in-series, 38-31
pollution, particulate, 38-5
Leading circuit, 52-7
Leak detection, 40-10
Leakage
area, effective, 34-4
area, equivalent, 34-4 (ftn)
building air, 34-4
class, 36-22
curve, building, 34-4
duct, 36-22
factor, 36-22
normalized, 34-5
ratio, Minneapolis, 34-4
specific, 34-4
Learning curve, 54-43
constant, 54-43 (tbl)
Least
environmentally damaging practicable
alternative, 28-10
radius of gyration, 2-6
significant bit, 53-14, 53-16
significant digit, 53-14
squares, method of, 11-17
Ledger, account, 54-33
LEDPA, 28-10
Leducs, Amagat-, rule, 29-18
Left distributive law, 4-4
Leg pipe, 17-21
Legendre equation, 10-5
Legionella pneumophila, 44-2 (tbl)
Legionnaires disease, 40-5, 46-26
LEL, 32-10
hazardous concentration, 46-4 (tbl)
Length
arc, by integration, 9-5
chord, 17-40
conversion, SI, A-3, A-4

crack, 32-5
equivalent, 17-12, A-55
equivalent, fittings, A-55
method, crack, 32-5
of hydraulic jump, 19-26
ratio, 17-45
relaxation, 49-9
Lens, 45-3
dose equivalent, 48-4
Leptokurtic distribution, 11-14
Letter of agreement, 56-3
Leukemia, 45-4
Level
confidence, 11-15
maximum contaminant, 25-15
neutral pressure, 32-6
of protection, 47-13, 47-14 (tbl)
OSHA noise action, 50-12
peak, 50-6
permissible exposure, noise, 46-11
recommended alert, 46-15
significance, 11-15
sound power, 50-7
sound pressure, 46-9, 50-7
Leveling resource, 55-10
Lever
effectiveness, 15-14
efficiency, 15-14
rule, 31-5
rule, inverse, 31-5
Leverage, 54-35
Lewis number, 1-9 (tbl)
Liability
account, 54-33
current, 54-35
in tort, 56-7
limited, company, 56-2
Licensing, 58-1
exam, 58-3
examination, 58-3
Lien
construction, 56-5
laborers, 56-5
materialmans, 56-5
mechanics, 56-5
perfecting, 56-5
suppliers, 56-5
Life
analysis, economical, 54-4
-cycle, 55-7
-cycle assessment, 55-7
-cycle cost, 54-15, 54-20
-cycle cost analysis, 55-7
economic, 54-19, 54-20
half-, 22-13
service, 54-20
useful, 54-20
Lifeline rate, 52-7 (ftn)
Lifetime
cancer risk, excess, 45-10
water treatment plant, 24-2
Lift, 17-39, 39-3
coefficient of, 17-40
rotating cylinders, 17-41
valve, 16-12
Lifting, 46-19
velocity, water, 21-5
Light
heat gain from, 33-5
loss factor, 50-4
metal, 22-4
quantity of, 50-2
reflection, 50-4
refracted, 50-4
-sensitive detector, 53-4, 53-5
Lignite coal, 37-5
Limb
falling, 20-7
rising, 20-7
Lime, 24-9
hydrated, 24-15
slaked, 24-15
-soda ash process, 24-15
softening, 24-15 (ftn)

Limit, 3-9
class, 11-11
confidence, 11-15, 47-12
explosion, 51-5
flammable, 51-5 (fig)
lower, 9-4
lower explosive, 32-10, 46-3
lower flammable, 46-3
of detection, 47-5
of quantification, 47-5
radiation dose, 48-12
recommended exposure, 46-2
short-term exposure, 32-10, 45-12
simplifying, 3-9
threshold value, noise, 46-11
upper, 9-4
upper explosive, 46-3
upper flammable, 46-3
value, threshold, 32-10, 45-12
Limited
liability company, 56-2
liability partnership, 56-2
partner, 56-2
partnership, 56-2
Limiting
current, sensor, 53-4
reactant, 22-8
value, 3-9
Lindane, 40-17
Line, 6-1 (ftn), 7-3
centroid of a, 2-3
coil load, 31-8
current, 52-11
diagram, 35-6
energy, 16-8 (ftn)
energy grade, 16-8, 17-15
equipotential, 17-3, 21-7
flow, 21-7, 26-2
hydraulic grade, 16-8, 17-16
intersection, 7-6
normal vector, 8-6
of action, 5-1
saturated liquid, 29-3
saturated vapor, 29-3
source, 48-11
straight, 7-4 (fig)
tie, 35-7
Lineal, 1-8
measurement, 1-8
Linear, 1-8
algebra, 4-4 (ftn)
equation, 3-6, 3-7
equation, differential, 10-1
equation, graphing, 3-7
equation, reduction, 3-7
equation, simultaneous, 3-6, 3-7
equation, substitution, 3-7
first-order, 10-2
frequency, 52-4
growth rate, 3-11
momentum, 17-33
regression, 11-17
response, 50-6
second-order, 10-3
spring, 13-2 (ftn)
variable differential transformer, 53-4
watt density, 33-4 (ftn)
Linearity, 10-6
Lined concrete pipe, 16-10
Liner
clay, 39-4
double, 39-3
flexible membrane, 39-3, 39-4
geocomposite, 39-4
synthetic membrane, 39-4
Lines, angle between, 6-1
Lining, pipe, 16-11
Liquefied
compressed gas, 51-3
petroleum gas, 37-8
Liquid
aromatic, 14-10 (ftn)
combustible, 51-2
compressed, 29-11

I-27

cryogenic, 46-3, 51-3

expansion ratio, 51-5 (tbl)
flammable, 51-2
fuel, 37-6
-gas ratio, venturi scrubber, 42-18
immiscible, 15-12
incineration, 42-14
pore-squeeze, 39-7, 40-11
saturated, 29-2
saturated, properties of, 29-13
specific gravity, 51-4
subcooled, 29-2, 29-11
subcooled, properties, 29-12
table, compressed, 29-11
thixotropic, 14-7
-vapor mixture, 29-2
-vapor mixture, properties of, 29-13
volatile, 14-10, 22-10 (ftn)
Liquidated damages, 56-7
Liquidity, 54-35
Liquor, mixed, 27-2
List (verb), 15-17 (ftn)
Liter, 1-6
Lithotroph, 44-1
Liver, 45-3
Lloyd-Davies equation, 20-14 (ftn)
LMTD, 38-33
Load
air conditioning, 34-1
average heating, 33-1
cell, 53-12
coil, 34-1
cooling, 34-1
cooling, from internal heat sources, 34-4
factor, v-belt, 36-8 (ftn)
heat, 31-13
heating, 33-1
humidification, 31-7
instantaneous cooling, 34-2
instantaneous cooling, from walls and
roofs, 34-3
instantaneous cooling, from windows,
34-3, 34-4
latent, 34-6
manual handling, 46-19
maximum heating, 33-1
overhung, 18-11
pickup, 33-5
refrigeration, 34-1 (ftn)
shock, septage, 26-2
solar cooling, 34-3
tower, 31-13
Loading
BOD, 25-9, 26-9
chemical, 42-23
coil, 34-1 (ftn)
dust, 42-5
error, 53-2
fabric, 42-5
factor, 39-3, 40-14
hydraulic, 25-3, 26-10, 42-23
organic, 25-3, 26-9
pump shaft, 18-11
rate, 24-13
sewage treatment plant, 25-3
surface, 24-6, 26-7, 26-8
volumetric, 27-8
weir, 24-6, 26-7
LOAEL, 45-7
Loan, 54-40
repayment, 54-4
Local
control computer (LCC), 35-5
loss, 17-12, A-56
Localized, 45-3
Location
effect on cost, 55-7
landfill, 39-5
parameter, 11-8
water treatment plant, 24-2
Locus of points, 7-2
LOEL, 45-7
Lofting plume, 38-17 (fig)

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INDEX - L

I N D E X

I-28

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - M

Log
-linear form, 3-11
mean, 11-8
mean temperature difference, 38-33
-normal distribution, 11-8
-normal distribution parameter
values, 11-8
standard deviation, 11-8, 11-9
Logarithm, 3-5
common, 3-5
identity, 3-5
Napierian, 3-5
natural, 3-5
Logic
Boolean relay, 35-5, 35-6
diagram, ladder, 35-6
relay, 35-5, 35-6
Long
hydraulically, 19-27
-term liability, 54-35
ton, 1-7
Longitudinal
sound wave, 50-5
wave, 50-5
Loop, pipe, 17-21
Looping plume, 38-17 (fig)
Loss
and profit statement, 54-34
coefficient, 17-12, 17-13 (tbl), 17-14
coefficient, duct, 36-17
coefficient, method, 36-17
coefficient, minor entrance, 19-28
combustion, 37-16
draft, 37-17
dry flue gas, 37-16
duct friction, 36-14
dynamic, duct fitting, 36-17
electrical machine, 52-17
entrance, culvert, 17-20 (tbl)
evaporation, 31-13
factor, light, 50-4
hearing, 46-10
heat, 27-17
infiltration, 33-1
insertion, 46-11, 50-11
local, 17-12, A-56
method, 37-17
minor, 17-12, A-56
radiation, 37-16
transmission, 33-1, 50-11
windage, 31-13
zero-length, 36-18
Lost work, 17-4 (ftn)
Loudness, 46-10, 50-4, 50-9
Low
emission vehicle, 38-35
excess-air burner, 42-15
-lift safety valve, 16-12
NOx burner, 42-15
-pressure air, properties, A-100, A-101,
A-102, A-121, A-122, A-123
-rate filter, 26-8
-sulfur coal, 37-5
-temperature reservoir, 30-11
-velocity system, 36-21
Lower
bound, 9-4
confidence limit, 47-12
explosion limit, 51-5
explosive limit, 32-10, 46-3
flammable limit, 46-3, 51-5 (fig)
heating value, 37-14
limit, 9-4
Lowest
achievable emission rate, 38-2
observed adverse effect level, 45-7
observed effect level, 45-7
LPG, 37-8
LSB, 53-14
LSD, 53-14
Lumen, 50-2
method, 50-3
Luminance, 50-3

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R E F E R E N C E

Luminous
efficiency, 50-2
emittance, 50-2
flux, 50-2
intensity, 50-2
Lump
coal, 37-5
-sum fee, 56-5
Lung class, 48-8
Lussac-Gays law, 30-7
Lyme disease, 46-25
Lymph system, 45-5
Lyophilic, 14-12
Lyophobic, 14-12

M
M-factor method, 33-5
Mach number, 1-9 (tbl), 14-15
Machine
electric, 52-16
ideal, 13-6
real, 13-6
Maclaurin series, 8-8
MacPherson v. Buick, 56-7 (ftn)
Macrofouling, 44-4
Macrophyte, 23-7
Macroporous resin, 24-17
Macroreticular
resin, 24-17
synthetic resin, 22-22
Macroscopic cross section, 49-7, 49-8
MACT, 38-3
Magmeter, 17-27
Magnesia, 37-4 (ftn)
Magnesium hardness, 23-3
Magnetic flowmeter, 17-27
Magnus effect, 17-41
Main
force, 25-4
loss coefficient, 36-31
sewer, 25-2
Mainstream tobacco smoke, 38-36
Maintenance factor, 50-4
Major
axis, 7-11
plant, 25-3
source, pollution, 40-3
Make
-or-break valve, 16-14
-up air unit, 36-3
-up water, 22-22
Makeup air fume hood, 32-9
Malthusian growth, 3-11
Management
emergency, 51-1
project, 55-1
risk, 11-19
schedule, 55-9
Manager, construction, 56-5
Manganese
ion, in water, 23-6, 24-15
removal processes, 24-15
Mangrove wetlands, 28-2
Manhole, 25-5
Manning, A-60
constant, 19-4
constant, variations, 19-5
equation, 19-4
kinematic equation, 20-3
roughness coefficient, 19-4, A-59
roughness coefficient, sheet flow, 20-3
roughness constant, A-59, A-61
roughness variable, A-59, A-61
Mannings
overland roughness coefficient, 20-4
retardance roughness coefficient, 20-4
Manometer, 15-2, 15-3 (fig)
differential, 15-3
open, 15-3
Mantissa, 3-5
Manual load handling, 46-19
Manufactured gas, 37-8 (ftn)
Manufacturers margin, 37-16

M A N U A L

Manufacturing cost, 54-33

Mapping function, 7-3
Marburg virus, 46-26
Margin
boiling-point, 40-10
gross, 54-36
manufacturers, 37-16
Market value, 54-23
Marrow, bone, 45-5
Marsh
freshwater, 28-2
tidal freshwater, 28-2
tidal salt, 28-2
Martensitic stainless steel, 22-19 (ftn)
Masking, 42-19
Masonry density, 15-11 (ftn)
Mass, 1-1, 29-4
action, law of, 22-13, 22-14
attenuation coefficient, 49-4, 49-5 (tbl)
burning, 39-10
control, 30-1
conversion, SI, A-3, A-4
curve, 20-2
diagram, 20-21
flow rate per unit area, 16-7
fraction, 29-18
fraction curve, 24-6
law, acoustic, 50-11
of sludge, water treatment, 24-12
sludge, 24-12, 27-13
-transfer coefficient, 42-21
yield, 39-11
Material, 50-4
anisotropic, 5-1
asbestos-containing, 38-5, 38-37
breach, 56-6
colloidal, 14-7
direct, 54-32
hygroscopic, 32-7
opaque, 50-4
pipe, 16-9
plastic, 14-7
recovery facility, 39-11
Safety Data Sheet, 46-2
translucent, 50-4
transparent, 50-4
variance, 54-36
Materialmans lien, 56-5
Matrix, 4-1
algebra, 4-4
associative law, 4-4
augmented, 4-1
coefficient, 4-6
cofactor, 4-1
column, 4-1
commutative law, 4-4
complex, 4-1
constant, 4-6
costing, 55-6
diagonal, 4-1
distributive law, 4-4
division, 4-4
echelon, 4-1
element, 4-1
entry, 4-1
equality of, 4-4
identity, 4-1
inverse, 4-6
multiplication, 4-4
nonsingular, 4-5
null, 4-1
order, 4-1
precedence, 55-10
rank, 4-5
row, 4-1
row equivalent, 4-2
row-reduced echelon, 4-1
scalar, 4-1
simultaneous equations, 4-6
singular, 4-2, 4-5
skew symmetric, 4-2
square, 4-2
symmetric, 4-2

transformation, 5-3
triangular, 4-2
type, 4-1
unit, 4-2
variable, 4-6
zero, 4-2
Matter
mineral, 37-3
particulate, 38-4
respirable particulate, 38-4
types, particulate, 38-4 (tbl)
volatile, 37-5
Maturation pond, 26-4
Maturity date, 54-29
Maxima point, 8-2
Maximum
achievable control technology, 38-3
contaminant level, 23-6, 25-15
contaminant level goal, 23-6
flame temperature, 37-16 (ftn)
flood, probable, 20-6
fluid velocity, 17-3
heating load, 33-1
mixing depth, 38-16, 38-17 (fig)
point, 8-2
precipitation, probable, 20-6
specific growth rate, 27-7
theoretical combustion temperature,
37-15, 37-16
value, sinusoid, 52-4
velocity in pipe, 17-3
velocity, open channel, 19-26
yield coefficient, 25-6
Maxwell
-Boltzmann distribution, 29-17
relations, 30-6
MCL, 23-6, 25-15
MCLG, 23-6
Mean, 11-12, 42-9
arithmetic, 11-12
cell residence time, 27-5, 27-8
depth, hydraulic, 19-2 (ftn)
effective pressure, 53-14
fourth moment of, 11-14
free path, air, 42-9
free path, gas, 42-9
geometric, 11-12
harmonic, 11-12
residence time, 26-7
speed of a molecule, 29-17
standard error of, 11-14
third moment about, 11-14
time before failure, 11-9 (ftn)
time to failure, 11-9
velocity, open channel, 19-2
Measured actual concentration, 47-9
Measurement
areal, 1-8
board foot, 1-8
flow, 17-26, 24-3
reliable, 53-2
ton, 1-7
Mechanics lien, 56-5
Mechanical
advantage, 15-14
noise, 50-4
seal, 42-16
similarity, 17-45
Mechanism transport, 11-22
Media
factor, 26-11
packing, 42-20
Median, 11-12
Medium
acoustic impedance, 50-6
screen, wastewater, 26-6
Megagram, 1-6
Meinzer unit, 21-2
Member, set, 11-1
Membership interest, 56-3
Membrane
reinforced, 39-4
semipermeable, 14-10
supported, 39-4

synthetic, 39-4
unreinforced, 39-4
unsupported, 39-4
Meningitis, 44-2 (tbl)
Meningoencephalitis, 44-2 (tbl)
Meniscus, 14-12
Mensuration, 7-1, A-8
of area, A-3, A-5
of volume, A-10
three-dimensional, A-10
two-dimensional, A-8
MEP, 53-14
Mer, 24-8
Mercaptan, 44-6
Mercury density, 14-3
MERV, 36-23
Mesokurtic distribution, 11-14
Mesophile, 44-1
Mesothelioma, 38-37, 46-7
Metabolic
heat, 32-8
oxygen, 32-7
Metabolism, 44-5
Metacenter, 15-17
Metacentric height, 15-17
Metal, 22-2, 22-4
alkali, 22-2
alkaline earth, 22-2
concentration, 25-15
fume fever, 46-6, 46-8
heavy, 22-2, 25-14
heavy, in wastewater, 25-14
light, 22-4
total, in wastewater, 25-14
transition, 22-4 (ftn)
Metallic properties, 22-2
Metalloid, 22-2, 22-4
Metals, properties, A-131
Metastasis, 45-9
Metathesis, 22-7 (ftn)
Meteorology, 38-14
Meter
constant, 17-29
current, 17-27
displacement, 17-26
noise, 50-6
normal cubic, 37-2
obstruction, 17-26
orifice, 17-30 (fig)
pressure, 14-2 (ftn)
sound, 50-6
torque, 53-13
turbine, 17-27
variable-area, 17-27
venturi, 17-29, 17-30 (fig)
Metering pump, 18-3
Methane
gas, 27-16
heating value, 27-17
landfill, 39-6, 40-11
properties, 39-6 (tbl)
series, 37-2
sludge, 27-16
Methanol, 37-7
Methemoglobinemia, 23-8
Method (see also type)
air change, 32-2
annual cost, 54-15
annual return, 54-15, 54-16
bisection, 3-4, 12-1
combination, 36-26
conservation, 33-7
cooling load temperature difference, 34-3
crack length, 32-5
double and add, 53-14 (ftn)
double-dabble, 53-14 (ftn)
equal-friction, 36-24
equivalent length, duct, 36-18
evaporative pan, 32-7
expansion, 53-14
false position, 12-2 (ftn)
Hardy Cross, 17-24
integration, 2-1, 2-4
isohyetal, 20-2

I-29

lagging storm, 20-13

loss, 37-17
loss coefficient, 36-17
lumen, 50-3
M-factor, 33-5
Newtons, 12-2
nonsequential drought, 20-20
normal-ratio, 20-3
numerical, 12-1
numerical, polynomial, 3-4
of discs, volume, 9-6
of equivalent lengths, 17-12
of least squares, 11-17
of loss coefficients, 17-12
of shells, volume, 9-6
of undetermined coefficients, 3-6, 10-4
parallelogram, 5-3
polygon, 5-3
projection, 54-10
rational, modified, 20-20
rational, peak runoff, 20-14
regula falsi, 12-2 (ftn)
remainder, 53-14
S-curve, 20-13
secant, 12-2 (ftn)
short-term exposure, 47-11
static regain, 36-27
storage indication, 20-21
straight line, 54-21
Thiessen, 20-2
total flux, 50-3
total pressure, 36-29
transfer function, 34-3
velocity-reduction, 36-24
water spray, 32-7
Winfrey, 54-16 (ftn)
Methyl
alcohol, 37-7
orange alkalinity, 22-21
Metolachlor, 40-18
Metric
system, 1-4
ton, 1-7
mho, 52-2 (ftn)
Microbe, 44-1
growth, 25-6
Micronized coal, 37-5 (ftn)
Microorganism, 44-1
hazard, 46-23
Microscopic cross section, 49-7
neutron, A-153
Microstrain, 53-9
Microstrainer, 24-3, 24-15
Midget impinger, 32-10 (ftn)
Migration
leachate, 39-7, 40-12
velocity, 42-9
Mil, 22-19, A-3, A-4
Milliequivalent per liter chart, 23-1
Milligram
equivalent weight, 22-10, 22-11
per liter, 22-10, 22-11, 22-23 (ftn)
Millilambert, 50-3 (ftn)
Million
of particles per cubic foot, 32-10 (ftn)
part per, 22-10, 22-11
Mine tunnel duct, 36-32
Mineral matter, 37-3
Minima point, 8-2
Minimum
attractive rate of return, 54-14, 54-16
control velocity for exposure hood,
32-9 (tbl)
efficiency reporting value, 36-23
point, 8-2
velocity, open channel, 19-2
Mining duct, 36-32
Minneapolis leakage ratio, 34-4
Minor
axis, 7-11
entrance loss coefficient, 19-28 (tbl)
loss, 17-12, A-56
of entry, 4-2
plant, 25-3

P P I

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INDEX - M

I N D E X

I-30

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - N

Mirex, 40-17
Miscellaneous formulas, angles, 6-4
Misrepresentation, 56-6
Mission time, 11-9
Mist, 38-4, 46-6
Mitigation
compensatory, 28-11
wetlands, 28-11
Mixed
bed unit, naked, 22-24
-flow pump, 18-4 (ftn)
-flow reaction turbine, 18-23
liquor, 27-2
liquor suspended solids, 27-4
liquor volatile suspended solids, 27-4
triple product, 5-4, 5-5
Mixer, 24-10
flash, 24-10
paddle, 24-10
quick, 24-10
rapid, 24-10
Mixing
complete, 24-10
damper, 36-13
depth, maximum, 38-16, 38-17 (fig)
gases and vapors, 47-7
model, complete, 24-10
model, plug flow, 24-10
opportunity parameter, 24-11
plenum, 36-13
plug flow, 24-10
problem, 10-8
rate constant, 24-10
Reynolds number, 24-11
thermostat, 35-2
two air streams, 31-6
velocity, 24-11
zone, 38-16
Mixture
gas, 29-2, 29-18
liquid-vapor, 29-2
of liquid-vapor, properties, 29-13
rule, 40-3
vapor/gas, 29-2
mks system, 1-4, 1-5
MLSS, 27-4
MLVSS, 27-4
MLT system, 1-7
MMSCFD, 36-2
Mobile pollution source, 38-34
Mode, 11-12
free-flow, 19-14
submerged, 19-14
Model, 17-45
Bingham-plastic, 17-12
Calvert, venturi scrubber, 42-18
distorted, 17-45
filter drag, 42-5
power-law, 17-12
scale, 17-45
Modeling
stormwater, 20-23
watershed, 20-23
Modified rational method, 20-20
Modulation
flow rate, 36-7
pulse duration, 36-8
width-pulse, 36-8
Module, digital-toanalog staging, 35-5
proportional staging, 35-5
Modulus, 3-7, 3-8
bulk, 14-14, 50-5
bulk, water, 14-14
of elasticity, steel, 17-39
point bulk, 14-14
secant bulk, 14-14
section, 2-7
tangent bulk, 14-14
Mohrs circle, 2-8
Moiety, 43-1
Moist air, 31-2
enthalpy of, 31-3

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

Moisture
condition, antecedent, 20-17 (ftn)
content, 29-9
content, constant, 29-10
content, soil, 21-2
level, bed, 37-3
management, mold, 32-8
mol, 22-5
Molality, 22-10
Molar
enthalpy, 29-4
internal energy, 29-5
property, 29-4
specific heat, 13-4, 29-7
specific volume, 29-5
volume, 22-6, 38-8
Molarity, 22-10
Mold, humidity, 32-8
Mole, 22-5, 47-5
fraction, 14-6, 22-10, 22-11, 29-18,
37-2, 51-4
percent, 14-6
-weighted average, 38-8
Molecular weight, 22-6
average, gas, 38-8
Molecule, 22-1
hydrated, 22-6
mean speed, 29-17
most probable speed, 29-17
spacing, 14-2
Mollier diagram
steam, A-99, A-120
using, 29-10
Moment
first area, 2-2
fourth standardized, 11-14
hydrostatic, 15-11
of a function, first, 9-6
of a function, second, 9-6
of inertia, 2-3, A-7
of inertia, area, 2-3, A-7
of inertia, polar, 2-6
of inertia, principal, 2-8
overturning, dam, 15-11
righting, 15-16
second area, 2-4
statical, 2-3
Momentum
angular, 17-33
fluid, 17-33
flux, 17-14 (ftn)
linear, 17-33
Money time value, 54-5
Monitor, well, 21-4, 39-9
Monitoring
air, 47-4
air quality, 38-11
continuous emissions, 37-20
emissions, 37-20
landfill, 39-9
project, 55-15
Monods equation, 25-6
Monoenergetic, 49-3
Monofill sludge, 27-20
Monomial, 3-3
Monoxide, carbon, 38-6
Monte Carlo simulation, 20-22
Montreal Protocol, 40-8
Moody friction factor chart, 17-6, 17-7 (fig)
Mortality, infant, 11-9
Most
efficient cross section, 19-9
probable number index, 44-5
probable speed, 29-17
significant bit, 53-14, 53-17
significant digit, 53-14
Motor, 35-1, 52-12, 52-15, A-163
electrical, 52-12
gear, 18-11
induction, 52-14
octane number, 37-6
polyphase, A-162
service factor, 18-10

M A N U A L

size, 18-10
speed control, 52-15
synchronous, 52-15
Movable equipment cost, 55-5
Movement, Brownian, 29-17
Moving, average forecast, 54-42
MPN, 44-5
MSB, 53-14
MSCFD, 36-2
MSD, 53-14
MSDS, 46-2
MSW, 39-1
typical nationwide characteristics,
40-14 (tbl)
MTBF, 11-9 (ftn)
MTON, 1-7
MTTF, 11-9
Multi-media filter, 24-13
Multiloop pipe system, 17-24
Multiplate, 16-11
Multiple
hypergeometric distribution, 11-6
pipe containment, 42-16
reservoir, 17-22
stage pump, 18-4
Multiplication
matrix, 4-4
vector, 5-3
Multirating table, 36-8
Multizone ventilation, 32-4
Municipal
solid waste, 39-1, 39-2, 39-10, 40-14
solid waste landfill, 39-2, 40-14
wastewater, 25-2
water demand, 24-22
Mussel, 44-4
zebra, 44-4
Mycobacteria, 44-2 (tbl)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 46-26
Mycotoxin, 46-24
Mycrocystis aeruginosa, 44-2 (tbl)

N
N factor, 34-5
NAAQS, 38-2, 38-3 (tbl)
Naegleria fowleri, 44-2 (tbl)
Naked mixed bed unit, 22-24
Nameplate
motor, 52-13
rating, 18-10
Names and formulas of chemicals, A-74
Nanofiltration, 24-22
Naphthalene series, 37-2
Napierian logarithm, 3-5
Nappe, 19-11
Nasal cancer, 45-3
National
Ambient Air Quality Standards,
38-2, 38-3 (tbl)
Board of Fire Underwriters, 24-24
Council of Examiners for Engineering
and Surveying, 58-1
Electrical Code, 52-8
Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health, 45-14, 46-2
primary drinking water standards,
23-5, A-80
Research Council, 26-10
Society of Professional Engineers,
57-1, 57-3
Nationwide permit, 28-10
Natural
attenuation landfill, 39-2
draft, 37-17, 37-18
frequency, 9-6
frequency, panel, 50-11
gas, 37-11
gas, standard conditions, 37-2
killer cells, 45-5
logarithm, 3-5
radiation, 48-3
watercourse, 19-10

Naturally occurring radioactive

material, 48-3
NC, 35-1
NCRP, 46-12
Near-field measurement, 50-6
NEC, 52-8
continuous operation, 52-8
Neck tension syndrome, 46-21
Need oxygen, 32-7
Needed fire flow, ISO, 24-23
Needle valve, 16-12
Negative
declaration, 40-3
element, 53-7
exponential distribution, 11-9
number, computer representation, 53-17
temperature coefficient, 53-5
Negligence, 56-6
comparative, 56-6
NEL, 45-7
NEMA
motor size, 18-10, 52-12
Nematode, 44-4
Neoplasm, 45-9
Nephelometric
turbidity unit, 23-8
Nephrotoxicity, 45-5
Nernst theorem, 29-6
Nerve entrapment, ulnar, 46-22
Nervous system, 45-5
Net
air-to-cloth ratio, 42-5
filtering area, 42-5
filtering velocity, 42-5
flow, 20-7, 21-7
growth rate, 25-7
heating value, 37-14
inlet pressure required, 18-14 (ftn)
net filtering velocity, 42-5
positive inlet pressure, 18-2 (ftn)
positive suction head, 18-14
rain, 20-7 (ftn), 20-17
rating, 37-17
stack temperature, 37-14
strains, 53-11
work, 30-11
Netting, 38-2
draining, 39-3
Network
activity-on-arc, 55-12
activity-on-branch, 55-12
activity-on-node, 55-11
pipe, 17-24
Neurotoxicity, 45-5
Neurotransmitter, 45-5
Neutral
position, 35-5
pressure, 21-9
pressure level, 32-6
solution, 22-11, 22-12, 23-1
stress coefficient, 21-9
zone, 36-4
Neutralization, 22-12, 42-23
Neutralizing amine, 22-23
Neutron, 49-2 (tbl)
absorption, 49-6
cadmium, 49-8 (tbl)
classification, 49-8 (tbl)
cross section, A-153
epicadmium, 49-8 (tbl)
epithermal, 49-8 (tbl)
fast, 49-8 (tbl)
fission, 49-6
intermediate, 49-8 (tbl)
particle, radiation, 46-13
radiation, 48-6
relativistic, 49-8 (tbl)
resonant, 49-8 (tbl)
shielding, 49-6
slow, 49-8 (tbl)
speeds, 49-8 (tbl)
thermal, 49-8
ultra fast, 49-8 (tbl)
weighting factor, 48-9

New source performance standards, 38-2

Newton, 1-1, 1-5
form, 12-3 (ftn)
Newtons
interpolating polynomial, 12-3
law of cooling, 10-10
law of viscosity, 14-6, 14-7
method, 12-2
notation, 8-1
Newtonian
fluid, 14-2, 14-7
non-, viscosity, 17-12
Nikuradse equation, 17-5
NIMBY, 39-5
syndrome, 40-14
Nines
complement, 53-16
four, 38-3
six, 38-3
NIOSH, 45-14, 46-2
IDLH values, A-147
Nit, 50-3 (ftn)
Nitrate in
wastewater, 25-14
water, 23-8
Nitric oxide, 40-14
Nitrification, 25-9
/denitrification process, 26-12
Nitrile, 43-1 (tbl), 43-2 (tbl)
Nitro, 43-1 (tbl)
Nitrogen
dioxide, 40-14
in wastewater, 25-14
ion, in water, 23-8
Kjeldahl, 25-14
organic, 23-8, 25-14
oxide, 38-3, 38-5, 40-14
-oxygen ratio, 37-8
photolytic cycle, 38-10 (fig)
total, 23-8, 25-14
Nitrogenous demand, 25-9
Nitrous oxide, 40-14 (ftn)
NO, 35-1
-boiler incinerator, 39-10
effect level, 45-7
observable adverse effect level, 11-20
observed adverse effect level, 45-7
observed effect level, 45-7
NOAEL, 11-20, 45-7
Noble gas, 22-4
Node, 7-2, 55-10
dummy, 55-13
NOEL, 45-7
Noise, 46-8, 46-10, 50-4
action level, OSHA, 50-12
background, 50-4
criteria curve, 50-9
dose, 50-12
dosimeter, 46-11, 50-12
duct, 36-31
exposure factor, 46-10
fan, 36-31
impact, 50-4
impulse, 50-4
-induced hearing loss, 46-10
mechanical, 50-4
meter, 50-6
permissible exposure, 46-10 (tbl)
reduction, 50-11
reduction coefficient, 50-10
reduction rating, 46-12, 50-12
spectrum, 50-9
structure-borne, 50-4
white, 50-4
Nominal
damages, 56-7
dimension, pipe, 16-10
interest rate, 54-28
system voltage, 52-5 (ftn)
Nomograph, Hazen-Williams, A-56
Non
bypass air hood, 32-9
enclosure air hood, 32-9

I-31

-Newtonian fluid, 14-2

-Newtonian viscosity, 17-12
-overloading fan, 36-6
-SI units, 1-7
Nonattainment area, 38-2, 40-2
NAAQS, 32-5
Noncarbonate hardness, 22-21, 23-3, 23-4
removal, 24-15
Noncarcinogen, 45-8
Noncatalytic reduction, selective, 42-19
Noncircular duct, 17-9
Nonclog pump, 18-5
Noncontact condenser, 38-33
Noncriteria pollutant, 40-2
Noncritical activity, 55-11
Nonhomogeneous
differential equation, 10-1, 10-3
linear equation, 3-7
Nonionizing radiation, 46-12, 48-1
Nonlinear
equation, 10-1
interpolation, 12-2, 12-3
regression curves, 11-17
Nonmetal, 22-2, 22-4
properties, A-131
Nonparametric equation, 3-2
Nonphotosynthetic bacteria, 44-3
Nonpotable water, 44-1
Nonquantifiable factor, 54-2
Nonquantitative factor, 54-2
Nonreacting ideal gas mixtures,
properties of, 29-19
Nonrectangular channel, 19-18
Nonreverse-flow valve, 16-12
Nonsequential drought method, 20-20
Nonsingular matrix, 4-5
Nonstochastic effect, 48-3
Nontidal hydroperiod, 28-3 (tbl)
Nonuniform flow, 19-2, 19-15
Nonvolatile solids, 27-4
Normal
condition, 47-5
cubic meter, 37-2
curve, area under standard, A-13 (tbl)
depth, 19-6
depth, rectangular channel, 19-6
distribution, 11-6, 11-7
farming, 28-9
force, on a dam, 15-11
form, 7-5
hydrogen, 22-2
line vector, 8-6
-ratio method, 20-3
slope, 19-3
temperature and pressure, 37-3, 47-5
vector, 7-6
Normality, 22-10, 22-11
Normalized leakage, 34-5
Normally
closed (NC), 35-1
open (NO), 35-1
Northern peatland, 28-2
Notation, Newtons, 8-1
NOx, 38-3, 40-14
burner, low, 42-15
burner, ultralow, 42-15
control, 37-5
fuel-bound, 40-14, 40-15
Nozzle
ASME long radius, 17-32 (ftn)
coefficient, 18-22
converging-diverging, 17-29
flow, 17-32
ISA, 17-32 (ftn)
loss, turbine, 18-22
NPDES, 26-1, 40-19
NPSE, 57-1
NPSHR, hydrocarbon, 18-21
NRC equation, 26-10
NRCS, 20-3, 20-11
curve number, 20-16
dimensionless unit hydrograph, 20-11
graphical method, 20-17
lag equation, 20-4

P P I

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INDEX - N

I N D E X

I-32

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - O

peak discharge, 20-17

synthetic unit hydrograph, 20-11, 20-12
NRR, 46-12, 50-12
earplug, 50-13
NTOSH, pocket guide, A-145
NTP, 47-5
NTU, 23-8
Nuclear
cross section, A-153
radiation, 46-12
Nucleon, 22-1
Nuclide activity, 46-13
Nuisance, flood, 20-6
Null
event, 11-3
hypothesis, 11-15
-indicating bridge, 53-9 (ftn)
indicator, 53-9
matrix, 4-1
point, 32-10, 42-10
position, 53-4
region, 7-3
set, 11-1
Number
atomic, 22-2, A-69
Avogadros, 22-5
base-10, 53-14
base-b, 53-14
binary, 53-14
cavitation, 18-16
cetane, 37-7
charge, 22-5
complement, 53-16
complex, 3-1, 3-7
curve, NRCS, 20-16
curve, SCS, 20-16
decimal, 53-14
dimensionless, 1-9 (tbl)
direction, 7-5
Eo tvo s, 1-9 (tbl), 17-45
Froude, 17-47, 19-18
hex, 53-15 (ftn)
imaginary, 3-1
irrational, 3-1
Mach, 14-15
motor octane, 37-6
negative, computer, 53-17
octane, 37-6
odor threshold, 24-15
of passes, effective, 26-10
of transfer units, 42-19
oxidation, 22-4 (tbl), 22-5
performance, 37-6
period, 54-9
random, A-68
rational, 3-1
real, 3-1
representation, 53-14
research octane, 37-6
Reynolds, 16-7
Reynolds, similarity, 17-46
settling Reynolds, 38-4
smoke spot, 37-12, 40-20
threshold odor, 24-15
type, 3-1
viscosity blending, 14-16
Weber, 17-47 (ftn)
Weber, similarity, 17-47 (tbl)
Numbering system, 3-1
positional, 53-14
Numerical
analysis, 12-1
event, 11-4, 11-5
method, 12-1
methods, polynomial, 3-4
Nusselt number, 1-9 (tbl)
Nut coal, 37-5
Nutrients, source or sink, 28-5

O
OConnor and Dobbins formula, 25-7
Objectively scored problem, 58-3

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

Obligate
aerobe, 44-3
anaerobe, 44-3
Oblique triangle, 6-5
Observed
effect level, 45-7
yield, 27-8
Obstruction meter, 17-26
Obtuse angle, 6-1
Occupancy
combustible factor, 24-23
diversity, ventilation, 32-4
Occupant
approximate heat generation
by, 32-8 (tbl)
zone, 32-3
Occupational Safety and Health
Act, 46-2
Administration, 45-16
Occurrence, frequency of, 20-5
Ocean dumping, sludge, 27-20
Octagon properties, A-8, A-9
Octal
number system, 53-15
system, 53-15
Octane number, 37-6
Octave, 50-8
band, 50-8
-band analyzer, 46-11
Odd symmetry, 7-4, 9-7 (tbl)
Odor, 40-16
in water, 24-15
number, threshold, 24-15
removal, 32-7
removal, ventilation, 32-7
sewage, 26-3
Off-gas, 42-21
Offer, 56-3
Offset, 35-2, 38-2
Offshoring, 57-4
Ogee, 19-13
spillway, 19-13 (ftn)
Ohm, acoustic, 50-6
Ohms law, 52-3, 52-6
Oil
Bunker C, 37-6
distillate, 37-6
fuel, 37-6
residual fuel, 37-6
spill, 40-17
Olefin series, 37-2
Oligotrophic, 28-5
On
cost, 55-9
-scene commander, 51-3
Once-through cooling water, 40-8
One
percent flood, 20-6, 20-7
-tail confidence limit, 11-16
Ones complement, 53-16
Opacity, smoke, 38-12, 40-20
Ringelmann scale, 38-12, 38-13 (fig)
Opaque material, 50-4
Open
area, well screen, 21-4
biochemical system, 28-5
channel, 19-2
channel, conveyance factor, A-63, A-64,
A-65, A-66
channel, flow, nomograph, A-69
channel, flow, types, 19-2
channel, hydraulic parameters, 19-3
circuit, electrical, 52-2
-loop recovery, 42-4
manometer, 15-3
normally (NO), 35-1
system, 30-1
window unit, 50-10
Operating
cost, 55-9
differential, 35-2
expense, 54-32

M A N U A L

point, fan, 36-9

point, pump, 18-17
Operation
inverse trigonometric, 6-4
point of, 36-9
steady-state, 11-9
Operational form, log, 3-5
Operations on complex numbers, 3-8
Operator, 35-1
Opportunity, cost, 54-18
Opposite side, angle, 6-2
Optical density, 40-20
Order
change, 55-16
conscious, 11-2
differential equation, 10-1
matrix, 4-1
of the reaction, 22-13
Ordinate, 7-2
Organ, dose tissue weighting
factor, 48-9 (tbl)
Organic
acid, 43-2 (tbl)
chemical structure, 38-7 (fig)
chemistry, 43-1
color, in water, 23-8
compound, 43-1
compound family, 43-1
compound, synthesis route, 43-3
compound, volatile, 25-14, 38-6,
38-8, 40-22
family, 43-2, 43-3
functional group, 43-1, 43-3
hazardous constituent, principal, 38-3
loading, 25-3, 26-10
matter, biodegradable, 40-22
nitrogen, 23-8, 25-14
polymer, 24-8
precursor, 23-9, 23-10, 40-21
refractory, 25-6
solid, dissolved, 26-3
sulfur, 37-4
trace, 26-3
Organism indicator, 44-4
Organochlorine pesticide, 40-17
Organophosphate, 40-17
Organotroph, 44-1
Orientation, angular, 5-1
Orifice, 17-16
coefficients, 17-17 (tbl)
double, air valve, 16-14
large, 17-18
meter, 17-30 (fig)
plate, 17-30
Orsat apparatus, 37-12
Orthogonal, 7-2
vector, 5-3
Orthophosphate, 23-7
OSHA, 45-16, 46-2
Hazard Communication Standard, 46-2
noise, 46-11
noise action level, 50-12
regulations, A-146, A-148, A-150, A-151
sound, 50-12
Technical Manual, A-150
Osmosis, reverse, 24-22
Osmotic pressure, 14-10
apparatus, 14-10
Othmer correlation, 14-11
Outdoor
airflow, zone, 32-3
air ventilation, 32-3
air ventilation, multizone, 32-4
Outlet, 36-29
constant, 36-30
control, 19-27
Outside
air thermostat, 35-2
design conditions, 33-2
Overall
coefficient of heat transfer, 27-17, 33-2
efficiency, pump, 18-9

removal efficiency, cyclone, 38-23

stability constant, 22-15
Overallocation, 55-10
Overautogenous waste, 42-11 (ftn)
Overcurrent protection device, 52-8
Overdraft, 21-6
Overflow
bit, 53-17
rate, 24-6, 26-7
spillway, 19-13
Overhead, 54-36
cost, 55-6
general, 55-6
project, 55-6
Overhung load, 18-11
Overland
flow, 20-7 (ftn)
flow velocity, 20-4
roughness, Mannings, 20-4
Overload point, 18-16
Overshoot, temperature, 35-2
Overturning
factor of safety, 15-11
moment, dam, 15-11
Owner, 56-4
Owners equity, 54-33
Ownership, 56-1
OWU, 50-10
Oxidant, 24-9, 40-17
photochemical, 38-6
total residual, 26-13
Oxidation, 43-2
advanced, 42-4
ditch, 27-3
number, 22-4, 22-5
pond, 26-4
process, advanced, 24-21
state, 22-4
tower, 26-9
Oxide
nitrogen, 38-3, 38-5, 40-14
sulfur, 38-5, 38-6, 40-20
Oxyacid, 22-5
Oxygen
atmospheric, 32-7
deficiency, 47-2
-deficient atmosphere, 32-7
deficit, 25-7
deficit, critical, 25-11
demand, 27-9
demand, biochemical, 25-8
demand, chemical, 25-12
dissolved, 25-7
-enriched atmosphere, 32-7
-enriched incineration, 42-14
in water, dissolved, A-73
metabolic, 32-7
minimum concentration, 32-7
need, 32-7
point, 53-7 (ftn)
sag curve, 25-11 (fig)
sag (Streeter-Phelps), 25-10
saturation coefficient, 27-9
scavenging, 22-23
transfer, rate of, 27-9
Oxygenate, 37-6
common types of, 37-8 (tbl)
Oxygenated
fuel, 40-7
gasoline, 37-6
Oxygenation, 25-10
rate constant, 25-9
Ozonation, 24-21, 42-17
Ozone, 24-21, 38-6
atmospheric, 40-7
cycle, 38-10 (fig)
depletion, 38-38, 40-7
pollutant, 40-17

P
PAC, 26-13
Package unit, 36-3
Packed tower, 38-29 (fig), 42-3, 42-20

Packing, 31-12
height of, 42-22
media, 42-20
tower, 31-12
Paddle
mixer, 24-10
velocity, relative, 24-11
wheel fan, 36-6
Pain, threshold of, 46-9, 50-4
Paint pipe, 16-11
Palustrine, 28-2
Pan
coefficient, 20-22
evaporation, 20-22
method, evaporative, 32-7
Panel
natural frequency, 50-11
resonant frequency, 50-11
Panhandle formula, 17-10
Pappus-Guldinus theorems, 2-3
Pappus theorems, 9-5
Parabola, 7-10 (fig)
formula, A-8
Parabolic axis, 7-10
Paraboloid of revolutions, A-10
Paradox
DAlemberts, 17-2 (ftn)
hydrostatic, 15-4
Paraffin series, 37-2
Parallel
axis theorem, 2-4
circuit, electrical, 52-4
line, 7-8
pipe, 17-21
pumps, 18-18
reliability, 11-10
system, 11-10
Parallelogram
formula, A-8, A-9
method, 5-3
Parameter
impaction, 42-19
location, 11-8
method, 55-6
mixing opportunity, 24-11
scale, 11-8, 11-9
sludge, 27-4
values, log-normal distribution, 11-8
variation of, 10-4
Parametric equation, 3-2
derivative, 8-3
plane, 7-6
Parasites, 44-2 (tbl)
Paratyphoid fever, 44-2 (tbl)
Parshall flume, 19-14
K-values, 19-14 (tbl)
Partial
differentiation, 8-4
emission, forced vortex pump, 18-13 (ftn)
fraction, 3-6, 9-3
pressure, 29-18, 39-6, 47-8
pressure fraction, 37-2
pressure of a gas, 29-18
pressure ratio, 51-4
similarity, 17-47
volume, 29-18
Partially filled circular pipes, A-29, A-61
Particle
alpha, radiation, 46-12
arresting, 32-11
beta, radiation, 46-12
conditioning, 42-9
exposure time, 42-9
neutron, radiation, 46-13
radiation, 48-1
residence time, 42-9
resistivity, 42-9
Particular solution, 10-3, 10-4 (tbl)
Particulate, 46-5
arresting, high-efficiency, 32-11
emission, 38-3
lead pollution, 38-5
matter, 38-4, 38-11, 40-17

I-33

matter, respirable, 38-4

matter, types, 38-4 (tbl)
phosphorus, 23-7
sampler, hi-vol, 38-11 (fig)
sampler, impactor, 38-12 (fig)
scrubber, 38-28 (fig), 38-29 (tbl)
size, 38-4
Partner
general, 56-1
limited, 56-2
Partnering, 55-1
Partnership, 56-1
limited, 56-2
limited liability, 56-2
Parts
integration by, 9-2
per million, 22-10, 22-11, 22-23 (ftn)
per million by weight, 47-6
Pascals
law, 15-4
triangle, 3-3
Passes, number of, effective, 26-10
Passive collection, gas, 39-6
Path
critical, 55-9
flanking, 50-10
function, 30-4
process, 30-4
Pathogen, 44-1, 44-2
waterborne, 44-6
Pathway exposure, 45-1
Payback period, 54-38
p-chart, 11-17
PCB, 40-17
PCD, 36-13
PD pumps, 18-2
Pea coal screening, 37-5
Peak
demand multiplier, 52-7
-discharge compartment, 40-19
discharge, NRCS method, 20-17
discharge, SCS method, 20-17
flame temperature, 40-15
level, 50-6
runoff, 20-11
runoff, rational method, 20-14
time to, 20-11
Peaking factor, 25-2
Harmon, 25-2
wastewater, 25-2
Pearsons
kurtosis, 11-14
skewness, 11-14
Peat, 28-2
Peatland, northern, 28-2
PEL noise, 46-11
Peltier effect, 53-7 (ftn)
Pelton wheel, 18-21
Penetration, 42-9, 42-19
air, ultra-low, 32-11
Penstock, 18-23
Pentagon properties, A-8, A-9
Per
capita, daily demand, 24-23
diem fee, 56-5
Percent
mole, 14-6
sodium, 23-11
Percentage
composition, 22-7
humidity, 31-2
of construction cost, fee, 56-5
yield, 22-8, 22-9
Percentile, 11-12
rank, 11-12
Percolation field, 26-2
Perfect
gas, 29-16
reaction, 22-8
Perfecting a lien, 56-5
Perforated plate grille, 36-24
Performance
curve, pump, 18-16
factor, 31-11

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

INDEX - P

I N D E X

I-34

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - P

function, 11-10
number, 37-6
Perimeter, wetted, 16-5
Period (see also type), 54-2
aeration, 27-8
averaging, 47-9
chemical, 22-2
depreciation, 54-20
detention, 24-6
effective, 54-2
electrical, 52-4
number, 54-9
of waveform, 9-6
Periodic
chart, A-70
inventory, 54-37
law, 22-2
table, 22-2, A-69, A-70
waveform, 9-6
Peripheral nervous system, 45-5
Permanent hardness, 22-21, 23-4
Permeability, 21-2
air, 34-4
clothing, 46-15
coefficient of, 21-2
intrinsic, 21-2
protection limit, 21-5
specific, 21-2
Permeation rate, 46-5
Permissible
exposure level, noise, 46-11
exposure limit, 46-3
noise exposure, 46-10 (tbl)
Permit
nationwide, 28-10
Section 404, 28-10
wetlands, 28-10
Permittivity
of free space, 42-9
relative, 42-9
Permutation, 11-2
circular, 5-5
ring, 11-3
Perpendicular
axis theorem, 2-6
line, 7-8
Perpetual inventory system, 54-37
Persistence, 44-6
pesticide, 40-17
Personal
property, 54-20 (ftn)
protection, 46-17
protective equipment, 46-5, 47-13
protective equipment regulations, A-149
Pesticide (see also Volatile Organic
Compounds), 40-17
chlorinated, 40-17
Petit and Dulong
law, 29-7, 29-8
value, 29-8
PFR, 27-6
pH, 22-11
p-h diagram, 29-12
Phantom cash flow, 54-4 (ftn)
Phase, 52-10
angle, 52-4, 52-6
current, 52-11
determining, 29-3
diagram, 29-3
factor, 52-7
substance, 29-2
substance, pure, 29-2
Phases, project scheduling, 55-8
Phasor form, 3-8, 52-5
vector, 5-2
Phenol, 43-3 (tbl)
Phenolphthalein alkalinity, 22-21
Phon, 50-9
scale, 50-9
Phosphorus
ion, in water, 23-7
removal, in wastewater, 26-3, 26-12
Photoautotroph, 44-3
Photocell, 53-4

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

Photochemical
oxidant, 38-6
reaction, 40-17
smog, 38-9, 40-20
Photoconductive devices, 53-4 (ftn)
Photoelectric effect, 53-4
Photoemissive devices, 53-4 (ftn)
Photogenerative, 53-4 (ftn)
Photolytic cycle, 38-10 (fig)
Photometric device, 38-12
Photon, 48-1
Photosensitive conductor, 53-5
Photosensor, 53-4, 53-5
Phototroph, 44-1
Photovoltaic, 53-4 (ftn)
cell, 53-4, 53-5
Phreatic zone, 21-1
Physical
hazard, 46-2
inventory, 54-37
Physiological
basis of sound, 50-4
PI control, 35-5
Pickup, 53-3 (ftn), 53-4
load, 33-5
PID, control, 35-5
Piercing the corporate veil, 56-3
Piezoelectric
effect, 15-2, 53-4
transducer, 53-4
Piezometer
ring, 15-2 (ftn)
tube, 15-2
Piezometric height, 21-2
Pi-group, 1-10
Pile, neutron, 49-8 (tbl)
Pinworm, 44-2 (tbl)
Pipe
asbestos-cement, 25-4
bend, 17-36 (fig)
bend, force on, 17-36
black, 16-10
branch, 17-21
cast-iron, 25-3, A-43
cast-iron dimensions, A-43
chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
(CPVC), A-37
circular, A-29
class, 16-10
clay, 25-4
coating, 16-11
coefficient, 16-8
concrete, 25-3, A-41, A-42
concrete sewer dimensions, A-41, A-42
CPVC dimensions, A-37
culvert, 17-19 (fig)
ductile dimensions, A-43
ductile iron, A-43
eductor, 21-4
entrance, 17-13
exit, 17-13
factor, 16-8
friction, 17-14
Hazen-Williams constants, A-49
leg, 17-21
lined concrete, 16-10
loop, 17-21
material, 16-9
maximum velocity in, 17-3
network, 17-24
parallel, 17-21
plastic, 25-4
polyvinyl chloride (PVC), A-37, A-38,
A-39, A-40
polyvinylchloride (PVC), 16-10
prestressed concrete, 16-10
prestressed concrete cylinder, 16-10
PVC dimensions, A-37, A-38, A-39, A-40
reinforced concrete, 16-10
riser, 21-4
series, 17-20
specific roughness, A-49
specifications, 16-10
standard pressure classes, A-43

M A N U A L

standards, 16-10
steel, 16-11, A-30, A-31, A-32, A-33,
A-34, A-35, A-36
steel dimensions, A-30, A-31, A-32, A-33,
A-34, A-35, A-36
steel, modulus of elasticity, 17-39
stiffness, 16-11
system, multiloop, 17-24
truss, 16-10, 25-4
water (see also type), 24-25
Pipelines, submerged, 15-16
Piping, 37-19
geometry factor, 17-14
predicting limit, 21-5
symbols, A-45
Pit, ash, 37-3
Pitch, 18-4
circular blade, 18-4
control, blade, 36-7
helix, 7-12
Pitot
-static gauge, 17-28 (fig)
tube, 16-4
Pitting, 22-19
Plain sedimentation, 24-5
basin, 26-7
Plaintiff, 56-6
Plan, health and safety, 47-4
Plancks constant, 49-1
Plane, 7-6
angle, 6-1
complex, 3-7
tangent, 8-5
Plant
hydroelectric generating, 18-23
material recovery, 39-11
resource-recovery, 39-10
waste-to-energy, 39-10 (fig)
waste-to-steam, 39-10
Plasma, 29-2 (ftn), 45-4
incineration, 42-14
Plastic, 40-18
biodegradable, 40-18
compostable, 40-18
degradable, 40-18
duct, 36-14
material, 14-7
pipe, 16-9, 25-4
types, 40-18
waste, 40-18
water pipe, 24-25
Plate
jet force on, 17-34
orifice, 17-30
perforated, grille, 36-24
Platelet, 45-4
Platinum resistance thermometer, 53-5
Platykurtic distribution, 11-14
Plenum
mixing, 36-13
system, 36-13
Plug
flow, 27-6
flow mixing model, 24-10
-flow reactor, 27-6
valve, 16-12
Plugging, 26-13, 42-19
Plume, 31-12
Gaussian, 38-16, 38-17
model, Gaussian, 38-18 (fig)
stability, 38-17 (fig)
Plunger pump, 18-2
PM, 38-4
PMBOK Guide, 55-1
PMF, 20-6
PMP, 20-6
Pneumatic actuator, 35-1
Pneumoconiosis, 46-6
coal workers, 46-8
Pneumonia, 44-2 (tbl)
Pocket guide, NIOSH, A-145
pOH, 22-11
POHC, 38-3

Point
apparatus, dew, 34-7
balanced draft, 42-10
boiling, 51-4
bulk modulus, 14-14
cloud, 37-7
contraflexure, 8-2
control, 35-2
corresponding, 36-10 (ftn)
critical, 8-2, 25-10, 25-11, 29-3, 29-8, 51-5
cut-over, 54-23 (ftn)
dew-, 31-8
dew, 37-14
distribution, 36-30
exposure, 11-22
extrema, 8-2
extreme, 8-2
fire, 51-5
flash, 37-6 (ftn), 51-5
function, 30-4, 30-7
gold, 53-7 (ftn)
ice, 53-7 (ftn)
inflection, 8-2
inversion, 30-3
locus, 7-2
maxima, 8-2
maximum, 8-2
minima, 8-2
minimum, 8-2
null, 32-10, 42-10
of application, 5-1
of contraflexure, 7-2
of duty, fan, 36-9 (ftn)
of inflection, 7-2
of operation, 36-9
of rating, fan, 36-9
of sale, 54-37
operating, 18-17
operating, fan, 36-9
oxygen, 53-7 (ftn)
pour, 37-7
saddle, 7-2
set, 22-22, 35-2
silver, 53-7 (ftn)
singular, 8-1
-slope form, 7-5
source, 48-11
stagnation, 16-4
steam, 53-7 (ftn)
sulfur, 53-7 (ftn)
tangent, 7-2
terminal, 5-1
-to-area rain conversion factors, 20-18
traverse, 37-20
triple, property, 29-8
Poise, 14-7
Poisoning, 38-32, 42-19
Poisonous gas, 51-3
Poisson distribution, 11-6
Polar
amine, 22-23
coordinate system, 7-3 (fig) (tbl)
form, 3-8, 7-5
form, vector, 5-2
moment of inertia, 2-6
Poliomyelitis, 44-2 (tbl)
Polioviruses, 44-2 (tbl)
Polishing
condensate, 22-24
filter, 26-12
pond, 26-4
Pollutant, 40-2
air, 40-2
biological air, 38-6
classification, 38-4
criteria, 38-2, 40-2
gaseous, 38-5
hazardous, 38-3
hazardous air, 38-3, 38-6, 40-2
primary, 38-4
secondary, 38-4
Pollution, 40-1
acid, 38-9
air, organic chemical, 38-7 (fig)

generator, 40-3
indoor air, 38-36
lead particulate, 38-5
source, 40-3
source, mobile, 38-34
source, stationary, 38-19
Polychlorinated biphenyl, 40-17
Polyelectrolyte, 24-8
Polygon
formula, A-8, A-9
frequency, 11-11
mensuration, A-8
method, 5-3
Polyhedra properties, A-10
Polymer, 40-18
organic, 24-8
synthetic, 24-8, 24-9
water treatment, 24-8
Polynomial, 3-3
characteristic, 4-8
degree, 3-3
factoring, 3-4
graphing, 3-4
inspection, 3-4
Lagrangian interpolating, 12-2
Newtons interpolating, 12-3
special cases, 3-4
standard form, 3-3
Polyphase motor, A-162
Polyphosphate, 23-7
Polyprotic acid, 22-16
Polysaccharide, 43-2 (tbl)
Polystyrene resin zeolite, 22-21, 22-22
Polytropic
closed system, 30-9
compression, 15-13
equation of state, 30-2
exponent, 15-13, 30-2
process, 30-2
specific heat, 30-2
steady-flow, 30-10
Polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) pipe, A-37, A-38,
A-39, A-40
coated spiral duct, 36-13
Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
pipe, 16-10
Pond
aerobic, 26-4
anaerobic, 26-4
facultative, 26-4
maturation, 26-4
oxidation, 26-4
polishing, 26-4
stabilization, 26-4
tertiary, 26-4
Pop action, 16-12
Population, 11-3
diversity, ventilation, 32-4
equivalent, 25-3
growth, 3-11
receptor, 11-23
system, 32-4
Pore
-squeeze liquid, 39-7, 40-11
velocity, 21-4
Porosity, 21-2
effective, 21-2
Porous filter, 21-5
Position, neutral, 35-5
Positional numbering system, 53-14
Positive
displacement pump, 18-2
element, 53-7
temperature coefficient, 53-5
Posterior chamber, eye, 45-3
Potency factor, 11-20, 51-8
carcinogen, 45-9, 45-10
Potential
energy, 1-3, 13-3, 16-2
stream, 17-3
Potentiometer, 52-2, 53-3 (ftn)
circuit, 53-3 (ftn)
transducer, 53-3

I-35

Potentiometric sensor, 53-3

Pound, 1-1
force, A-3
mole, 22-5
Poundal, 1-4
Pour point, 37-7
Powdered activated carbon, 26-13
Power, 3-5, 13-6
aeration, 26-4, 27-9
angle, 52-7
blower, 26-4, 36-6
brake, fan, 36-6
bus, 35-6, 35-7
conversion factor, A-1, A-2
conversion, SI, A-3, A-5
conversions, 13-6
cycle, 30-11
density, ESP, 42-10
electrical, 52-3, 52-6
factor, 18-10, 52-7, 52-9
fan, 36-6
friction, 18-9
friction, fan, 36-8
hydraulic, 18-7
law, 1/7, 16-8
-law model, 17-12
law, viscosity, 17-12
level, sound, 46-9
number, 24-11
of the test, 11-15
phase, 52-11
pump, 18-2, 18-7
pumping, well, 21-7
rail, 35-6, 35-7
series, 8-8
ton of explosive, 1-7
turbine, 17-36, 18-22
water, 18-7
Powerhouse, 18-23
PPE, 47-4
ppm, 47-6
ppmv, 47-6
ppmw, 47-6
Practicable alternatives test, 28-11
Practical scaling index, 24-19
Prandtl number, 1-9 (tbl)
Prandtls boundary layer theory, 17-44
Precedence table, 55-10
Prechlorination, 24-3
Precipitation, 20-1, 22-10
average, 20-2
phosphorus, 26-12
probable maximum, 20-6
rate, 42-9
softening, 22-21, 24-15, 24-17
Precipitator, electrostatic,
38-25 (tbl), 38-26 (fig), 42-8
Precise estimate, 53-2
Precision, 53-2
experiment, 11-12
Precursor, 23-9
disinfection by-product, 23-10
organic, 40-21
smog, 40-20
Prefix, SI, 1-7
Pregnancy, declared, 48-12
Pregnant woman, declared, 48-12
Preliminary treatment, 24-2, 26-3
Premature exhaustion, 26-13
Prerequisite of privity, 56-7 (ftn)
Presedimentation, 24-3
Present worth, 54-5, 54-11
method, 54-14, 54-15
Press
belt filter, 27-18
hydraulic, 15-14
Pressure, 14-2, 29-5
absolute, 14-3
apparatus, osmotic, 14-10
at a depth, 1-3, 15-6 (ftn)
at altitude, 36-2 (tbl)
atmospheric, 14-3
average, 15-7
barometric, 14-3

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

INDEX - P

I N D E X

I-36

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - P

center of, 15-4, 15-8, 15-9

classes, iron pipe, A-43
closed system, constant, 30-8
coefficient, wind surface, 32-6
conduit, 16-5
constant, 30-2
conversion, SI, A-3, A-4
Daltons law of partial, 29-18
differential, 14-3
diffuser, 36-30
drag, 17-41
-drop, endpoint, 22-22
drop, friction, 17-4 (ftn)
drop, steel pipe, A-54
drop, water, steel pipe, A-54
energy, 16-2
-enthalpy diagram, 29-12
-enthalpy diagram HFC-134a,
A-111, A-130
-enthalpy diagram R-12, A-107,
A-110, A-126
-enthalpy diagram R-22, A-129
external, 15-13
external static, 36-8
filter, 24-14
filtration, 27-18
flow, 16-5
fluid, 14-2
friction, 36-8, 36-14
from gas, 15-12
gage, 14-3, 15-2
gauge, Bourdon, 15-2
grille, 36-30
head, 18-6 (ftn)
hydrostatic, 15-4
level, neutral, 32-6
level, sound, 46-9
loss, duct, 36-14, 36-17
mean effective, 53-14
measurement, 15-1
-measuring devices, 15-2
meter, 14-2 (ftn)
multiple liquid, 15-12
neutral, 21-9
of a gas, partial, 29-18
on a dam, 15-11
on curved surface, 15-10
on plane surface, 15-6, 15-7, 15-8
osmotic, 14-10
partial, 29-18, 39-6, 47-8
ratio, 29-11
ratio, partial, 51-4
register, 36-30
regulator, 24-25
relief device, 16-12
relief valve, 17-39, 51-4
resistance, 36-8
saturation, 14-9
sound, 46-9
stagnation, 32-6
standard temperature and, 37-2
static, 36-3
surface, 15-6, 15-7, 15-8, 15-9, 15-10
terminal, 36-30
total, 16-2, 29-18, 36-3
transverse, 17-28
unit, 14-2 (fig)
uplift, 21-9
vapor, 14-9, 31-2, 46-2, 51-4
velocity, 32-6, 36-3
water service, 24-25
wind, 32-6
Pressurestat, 35-1
Pressurized
fluidized-bed combustion, 37-5
liquid, 15-13
tank, 17-18
Prestressed concrete
cylinder pipe, 16-10
pipe, 16-10
Pretreatment, 24-2
Preventing coil icing, 34-10 (fig)
Prevention of significant deterioration, 38-2
Prewash, air, 24-14

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

Price-earnings ratio, 54-36

Primary
airflow, zonal, 32-4
combustion chamber, 42-13
dimension, 1-7
outdoor air fraction, 32-4
pollutant, 38-4
standard, 38-2
treatment, 26-3
unit, 1-7
Prime
contractor, 56-4
cost, 54-33, 55-9
mover, 18-9 (ftn)
Primer, red, 16-11
Principal
axis, 2-8
contract, 56-3
moment of inertia, 2-8
organic hazardous constituent,
38-3, 42-13
Principle
Archimedes, 15-14
impulse-momentum, 17-33
Le Chateliers, 22-12
of corresponding states, 29-20
work-energy, 13-3, 13-4
Prion, 46-23
Prior Converted Cropland, 28-9
Priority, ethical, 57-2
Privity of contract, 56-7
of flood, 20-6
probability, 11-3
Probabilistic problem, 54-30
Probability
complementary, 11-4
density function, 11-4
joint, 11-4
of failure, conditional, 11-9
of flood, 20-6
success, 11-3
theory, 11-3
Probable
maximum flood, 20-6
maximum precipitation, 20-6
speed of a molecule, 29-17
Probe
direction-sensing, 17-27
static pressure, 17-27
Problem
initial value, 10-1
mixing, 10-8
three-reservoir, 17-22
Procedure
indoor air quality, 32-2
ventilation rate, 32-2
Process
absorption, 42-2
adiabatic, 30-2
adiabatic saturation, 31-10
air, 32-1 (ftn)
air conditioning, 31-6
base exchange, 22-21
biofilm, 24-14
constant pressure, 30-2
constant temperature, 30-2
constant volume, 30-2
control, HVAC, 35-1
control, statistical, 11-16
cost accounting, 54-36
efficiency, BOD, 27-6
group, 55-1
hazard analysis regulations, A-151
ion exchange, 22-21
irreversibility, 30-13
irreversible, 30-3
isenthalpic, 30-2
isentropic, 30-2, 30-9
isobaric, 30-2
isochoric, 30-2
isometric, 30-2
isothermal, 30-2
lime-soda ash, 24-15
nitrification/denitrification, 26-12

M A N U A L

polytropic, 30-2
quasiequilibrium, 30-2
quasistatic, 30-2
reversible, 30-3
thermodynamic, type, 30-2
throttling, 30-2, 30-3, 30-10
total heat removal, 34-8 (fig)
transport, 30-2
types of, 30-2
waste, 40-2
zeolite, 22-21, 24-17
Processing joint, 25-2
Prochloraz, 40-18
Producer
gas, 37-8 (ftn)
risk, 11-15
Product, 22-7
dot, 5-3
ion, 22-15
mixed triple, 5-4, 5-5
of inertia, 2-7
scalar, 5-5
solubility, 22-16
triple cross, 5-5
triple, scalar, 5-5
triple, vector, 5-5
vector, cross, 5-4 (fig)
vector, dot, 5-3 (fig)
Production entropy, 29-6
Professional
corporation, 56-2
engineer, 58-1
engineering exam, 58-1
limited liability company, 56-3
services cost, 55-5
Profile
depth, 19-22
drag, 17-41
velocity, 16-8
Profit, 54-37
flow through, 56-2
margin, 54-36
project, 55-6
Program
evaluation and review technique, 55-14
health and safety, 47-4
Programming, 55-8
Progressive method, landfill, 39-2
Project
coordination, 55-15
documentation, 55-16
management, 55-1
monitoring, 55-15
overhead, 55-6
scheduling, 55-8
Projection
fee, 55-2
method, 54-10
Prokaryote, 46-23
Pronator syndrome, 46-22
Prony brake, 53-13
Proof
alcohol, 37-7
test, 11-9
test interval, 11-9
Propagation, velocity, 50-5
Propeller, fan, 36-4
Proper
polynomial fraction, 3-6 (ftn)
subset, 11-1
Properties
air, A-143, A-144
alloys, A-131
atmospheric air, 47-5 (tbl)
benzene, A-150
carbon dioxide, 39-6 (tbl)
compressed water, A-118
metallic, 22-2
metals, A-131
methane, 39-6 (tbl)
nonmetals, A-131
radiation, 49-2 (tbl)
solids, A-131
solutions, 22-10

I N D E X

Public
corporation, 56-2
dealing with, 57-3
dose, radiation, 48-12
Puckorius scaling index, 24-19
Puffing, 42-10
Pulley, variable pitch, 36-8
Pulmonary
edema, 45-3, 45-4
toxicity, 45-3
Pulsation
damper, 18-2
stabilizer, 18-2
Pulse
duration modulation, 36-8
-width modulation, 36-8
Pulsing, 28-4
Pump (see also type), 17-15, 18-2
centrifugal, 18-2
characteristics, 18-2, 18-12
efficiency, 18-9
head added, 17-15
homologous, 18-13
mixed-flow, 18-4 (ftn)
nonclog, 18-5
overall efficiency, 18-9
performance curve, 18-16
power, 18-7
power factors, sludge, 18-5
power, sludge, 18-5
power vs. specific gravity, 18-5
sewage, 18-4
shaft loading, 18-11
similarity, 18-20
sludge, 18-5
velocity ratio, 18-3
wastewater, 18-5, 26-3
Pumped storage, 24-24
Pumping
hydrocarbon, 18-21
other liquids, 18-20
power, well, 21-7
Pumps
in parallel, 18-18
in series, 18-18
PD, 18-2
Punitive damages, 56-6, 56-7
Purchase order, 56-3
Pure
humidification, 31-7
substance, phases, 29-2
tone, 50-4
Purification
dilution, 25-10
self-, 25-10
Purity, 24-9
p -V
diagram, 30-4
plane, 30-4
work, 13-3, 13-4, 29-5, 30-4, 30-6
PVC pipe, 16-9, 25-4, A-37, A-38,
A-39, A-40
dimensions, A-37, A-38, A-39, A-40
P-waste, 40-3
Pyritic sulfur, 37-4
Pyrolysis, 40-18
Pythagorean theorem, 6-2
Pe clet number, 1-9 (tbl)

Q
Quad (unit), 13-1
Quadrants, 6-3
signs of functions, 6-3
Quadratic equation, 3-3, 7-9
Qualitative risk analysis, 11-19
Quality, 29-9
air, index, 38-12
air, monitoring, 38-11
break-even, 54-38 (fig)
factor, joint, 16-10
factor, radiation, 46-12
of boiler feedwater, 22-23
radiation, 46-13
Quantification, limit of, 47-5

Quantitative risk analysis, 11-19

Quantities threshold, 51-4
Quantity
economic order, 54-43
ideal, 37-9
of light, 50-2
sludge, wastewater, 27-13
sludge, water treatment, 24-12
stoichiometric, 37-9
wastewater, 25-1, 25-2
Quarter
-bridge, 53-11
-wave symmetry, 9-7 (tbl)
Quartile, 11-12
Quartz, 46-6
-crystal transducer, 15-2
Quasiequilibrium, 30-2
process, 30-2
Quasistatic process, 30-2
Quick
mixer, 24-10
ratio, 54-35
Quicklime, 24-9
Quiet sedimentation basin, 24-6

R
R-12
pressure-enthalpy diagram, A-107,
A-110, A-126
saturated, properties, A-103, A-104,
A-107, A-108, A-124, A-125
superheated, properties, A-105, A-106
R-134a (see also HFC-134a), A-111
R-22
pressure-enthalpy diagram, A-129
saturated, properties, A-127, A-128
Race, tail, 18-24
Rack, 26-6
trash, 26-6
Rad, 6-1 (ftn), 48-2
Radial
duct system, 36-13
fan, 36-6
-flow impeller, 18-4, 24-11
-flow turbine, 18-22, 18-23
tip fan, 36-6
Radian, 6-1
hyperbolic, 6-5
Radiation, 48-1
absorbed dose, 6-1 (ftn)
activity, 46-13
background, 48-3
beta, 48-4
braking, 49-4
clinical effects, 48-5 (tbl)
decay products, 49-2
dose, 48-4
dose limits, 48-12
effects of, 48-5 (tbl)
energy, 49-1
exposure, 48-2
exposure to, 46-12
gamma, dose, 48-5
gamma ray, 48-1
human-made, 48-3
ionizing, 46-12, 48-1
loss, 37-16
natural, 48-3
neutron, 48-6
nonionizing, 46-12, 48-1
nuclear, 46-12
particle, 48-1, 49-2 (tbl)
range, 49-2
shield, 48-11
shielding, 49-1
ultraviolet, 24-21
weighting factor, 48-3
Radiative capture, 49-7
Radical, 22-4
Radioactive
decay, 10-9, 46-13, 48-6
decay, radon, 38-37 (fig)
dust, 46-8
material, naturally occurring, 48-3

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

INDEX - R

thermal, A-131
vapors, 51-4
water treatment chemicals, A-87
Property
air, A-20
atmospheric air, A-20, A-21
business, 54-20 (ftn)
change in temperature, 29-12
changes in fluids, 30-10
changes in ideal gas, 30-7
changes in solids, 30-10
coal, 37-5 (tbl)
critical, 29-8
elements, A-69
extensive, 29-4
fuel, 37-6
fuel oil, 37-6
gas, 29-16 (tbl)
intensive, 29-4
liquid-vapor mixture, 29-13
molar, 29-4
nonreacting, ideal gas mixtures, 29-19
of ideal gas, 29-15, 29-16
of saturated liquids, 29-13
of saturated steam, A-90, A-93
of saturated vapors, 29-14
of solids, 29-12
of subcooled liquids, 29-12
of superheated steam, A-95
of superheated vapor, 29-14
personal, 54-20
psychrometric chart, 31-5
real, 54-20
reduced, 29-20
residential, 54-20
specific, 29-4
table, 29-10
triple point, 29-8
water, A-17, A-18
Propiconazole, 40-18
Proportional
action, 35-5
action with automatic reset, 35-5
plus integral control (PI), 35-5
plus integral plus derivative control
(PID), 35-5
weir, 19-14
Proportions, law of
definite, 22-5
multiple, 22-5
Proprietorship
single, 56-1
sole, 56-1
Propulsion, jet, 17-34
Protection
freeze, 35-2
hearing, 46-12
level of, 47-13, 47-14 (tbl)
personal, 46-17
scour, 19-14
wetlands, 28-5
Protective
clothing, chemical, 45-16
device, hearing, 50-12
equipment, personal, 46-5, 47-13
equipment regulations, A-149
Protein, 25-14
Protista, 44-1
Prototype, 17-45
Protozoa, 44-1, 44-2 (tbl), 44-4
flagellated, 44-4
Proximate analysis, 37-2
p-sequence, 3-11
p-series, 3-11
Pseudocomponent, 14-16 (ftn)
Pseudoplastic fluid, 14-7
psid, 14-3
Psittacosis, 46-24
Psych chart, 31-4
Psychrometer, sling, 31-10
Psychrometric, 31-1
chart, 31-4, A-133, A-134, A-135, A-136
chart properties, 31-5
Psychrophile, 44-1

I-37

I-38

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - R

Radioisotope, half-life, 48-2 (tbl)

Radiological clearance, 48-6
Radionuclide
ALI, 48-10 (tbl)
DAC, 48-10 (tbl)
derived air concentration, 48-10 (tbl)
energy, 49-3 (tbl)
occupational exposure, A-152
sewer disposal, 48-9
Radius
centerline, 36-19
hydraulic, 16-5, 19-2
of gyration, 2-6, A-7
of gyration, least, 2-6
of influence, 21-5, 39-6
throat, 36-19
-to-diameter ratio, 36-19
Radix, 53-14
Radon, 40-19
decay product, 38-36, 38-37 (fig)
Rail
power, 35-6, 35-7
supply, 35-6, 35-7
Rain
acid, 38-38, 40-5
areal, 20-17
gross, 20-17
net, 20-7 (ftn), 20-17
Rainfall
curve, 20-2
gross, 20-17
intensity, 20-4
total, 20-17
Rainwater runoff, 40-19
highway, 40-19
Ram, hydraulic, 15-14
Random
error, 53-2
number, A-68
Range, 11-13, 31-13
comfort, 32-6
cooling, 31-13
error limits, 53-7
radiation, 49-2
throttling, 35-5
water, 31-13
Rank
column, 4-5 (ftn)
matrix, 4-5
percentile, 11-12
row, 4-5 (ftn)
Rankine scale, 29-5
Ranking alternatives, 54-17
Raoults law, 14-16, 47-8, 51-4
Rapid
flow, 19-16
mixer, 24-10
sand filter, 24-13, 26-12
Rapper, 42-8
Rare earth, 22-4
Rarefaction, 46-9
Rate
arithmetic growth, 3-11
average annual growth, 3-11
burning, 39-10
constant, BOD removal, 26-5
constant, deoxygenation, 25-8
constant growth, 3-11
constant, mixing, 24-10
constant, reoxygenation, 25-7
decay, Velz, 26-11
effective clearance, 48-6
exponential growth, 54-4
factor, electron dose, 48-4
flow, 24-13
growth, 3-11
growth, maximum specific, 27-7
heat release, 39-10
lapse, 38-14
linear growth, 3-11
loading, 24-13
lowest achievable emission, 38-2
nominal interest, 54-28

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

of change, 8-1
of oxygen transfer, 27-9
of reaction, 22-13
of return, 54-4, 54-12, 54-14, 54-17
of return, external, 54-12
of return, internal, 54-12
of return method, 54-17
of return, minimum attractive, 54-16
of shear formation, 14-6, 14-7
of strain, 14-6
of substrate utilization, 27-7
overflow, 24-6, 26-7
per annum, 54-28
permeation, 46-5
precipitation, 42-9
procedure, ventilation, 32-2
recharge, 39-7, 40-12
recirculation, 27-10
renewal, wetlands, 28-5
retention, 11-23
settling, 26-7
shear, 14-6, 17-14
sludge recycle, 27-11
sludge return, 27-10
surface loading, 26-7
weir loading, 26-7
Rated value
motor, 52-13
pump, 18-16
Rating
factor, 31-13
net, 37-17
noise reduction, 46-12, 50-12
point, fan, 36-9 (ftn)
SK, 26-8
table, fan, 36-8
Ratio
A/C, 38-20
air/fuel, 37-9, 37-11
air-to-cloth, 38-20 (tbl), 42-5
aspect, 17-40
aspect, duct, 36-17
benefit-cost, 54-16
beta, 17-29
circular channel, 19-5, A-61
coil sensible heat, 34-7
common, 3-11
corona current, 42-10
corona power, 42-10
current, 54-35
effective sensible heat, 31-7
energy-efficiency, 13-6 (ftn), 34-2
expansion, 51-5
filter, 38-20, 42-5
food-to-microorganism, 27-5
grand sensible heat, 31-7, 34-7
gross air-to-cloth, 42-5
hazard, 45-8, 45-12, 51-8
humidity, 31-2
induction, 36-30
length, 17-45
liquid-gas, venturi scrubber, 42-18
net air-to-cloth, 42-5
nitrogen-oxygen, 37-8
of concentration, 31-13
of exceedance, 11-13
of specific heat, 15-13, 29-8
of transformation, 52-6
partial pressure, 51-4
pressure, 29-11
price-earnings, 54-36
radius-to-diameter, 36-19
recirculation, 26-9
recycle, 27-10
room sensible heat, 34-6, 34-8, 34-9
room sensible heat ratio, 31-7
saturation, 31-2
seasonal energy-efficiency, 34-5
sensible heat, 31-7, 34-6
sensible heat ratio, coil, 31-7
sensible-total, 31-7
signal-to-noise, 47-5
spray, 31-10

M A N U A L

test, 3-12
throw, 36-30
vapor-hazard number, 46-5
volume, 29-11
Rational
equation, 20-14
method, modified, 20-20
method, peak runoff, 20-14
method runoff C-coefficient, A-67
number, 3-1
Rationalization, 3-8
Ray, 6-1 (ftn)
Rayl unit, 50-6
Raynauds syndrome, 46-22
R-control chart, 11-16, 11-17
RCP, 25-3
RCRA, 38-3
RDF, 39-10
Reach, 19-2
Reactance, 52-5
capacitive, 52-5
Reactant, 22-7
limiting, 22-8
Reaction
absorption, 49-6
chemical, 22-7
combustion, 37-11
combustion, ideal, 37-9 (tbl)
endothermic, 22-18
enthalpy of, 22-17, 22-18
exothermic, 22-18
kinetics, 22-13
order, 22-13
rate constant, 22-13, 42-7
rate of, 22-13
rate, zero order, 22-13
reversible, 22-12
scattering, 49-6
sequencing batch, 27-4
speed of, 22-13
stoichiometric, 22-8
turbine, 18-22, 18-23
velocity, 22-13
Reactivation, 38-31
Reactive
chemical, A-158
power, 52-6
substance, 40-2
Reactivity, 46-3
Reactor, 27-6
biological, rotating, 26-11
continuous-flow stirred tank, 27-6
tank, 42-7
Reaeration, 25-7
Real
fluid, 14-2
gas, 29-2, 29-20
gas, equation of state, 29-20
losses, 52-17
machine, 13-6
number, 3-1
power, 52-6
Receipt, 54-3
Receivable
average age, 54-35
turnover, 54-35
Receptor
dose, 11-23
population, 11-23
Recessed plate filter press, 27-18
Recession curve, 20-7
Recharge rate, 39-7, 40-12
Reciprocating pump, 18-2
Reciprocity, 58-2
Recirculating
air bypass, 34-6 (fig)
atmosphere, closed, 32-11
Recirculation, 26-9
air, 31-12
flue gas, 42-10
of cleaned air, 32-11
rate, 27-10
ratio, 26-9

Reclamation, 26-13
Recommended
alert level, 46-15
exposure limit, 46-2, 46-15
standards for sewage works,
A-88 (ftn), A-89 (ftn)
Recovery
closed-loop, 42-4
depreciation, 54-26
leachate, 39-8, 40-13
method, capital, 54-15, 54-16
open-loop, 42-4
solvent, 42-3, 42-4
Rectangular
channel, 19-6, 19-8, 19-17
channel, normal depth, 19-6
coordinate system, 7-3
duct, 36-17
form, 3-7
form, vector, 5-2
hyperbola, 7-12
moment of inertia, 2-3
rosette, 53-12
Rectified sinusoid, 52-5
Rectum, latus, 7-10, 7-11
Recurrence interval, 20-5
Recycle
air, 31-12
rate, sludge, 27-11
ratio, 27-10
Recycling
plastics, 40-18
wastewater, 26-8
Red
blood cell, 45-4
primer, 16-11
Reduced
equation, 10-1
properties, 29-20
variable, 29-20
Reducing trunk system, 36-13
Reduction, 43-2
linear equation, 3-7
noise, 50-11
rating, noise, 46-12
Redundancy reliability, 11-10
Redundant system, 11-10
Reference
concentration, 45-8
dose, 11-20, 45-8, 51-8
duration, 50-12
temperature, 53-6
Reflectance, 50-3
Reflected, regularly, 50-4
Reflection
angle, 50-4
diffuse, 50-4
light, 50-4
specular, 50-4
Reflex angle, 6-1
Reformulated gasoline, 37-6
Refracted light, 50-4
Refractory
ash, 37-3
organic, 25-6
solid, 25-6
substance, 26-3
Refrigerant 12 (see also R-12), A-103
Refrigeration
load, 34-1 (ftn)
ton, 1-7
Refuse, 37-4
-derived fuel, 37-4, 39-10, 39-11 (tbl)
Refutas equation, 14-16
Regain, static, 36-19
Regenerating
solution, 22-22, 24-18
Regeneration, 22-22, 38-31
ion exchange, 24-18
Regime, subsonic flow, 14-15 (ftn)
Region
null, 7-3
steel, 20-5
steel rainfall, 20-5

transition, 16-7
void, 7-3
Register, 36-29
pressure, 36-30
Registered
engineer, 58-1
Registration, 58-1
Regression
linear, 11-17
nonlinear curves, 11-17
Regula falsi method, 12-2 (ftn)
Regular function, 8-1
Regularly reflected, 50-4
Regulation
speed, 52-12
voltage, 52-11, 52-12
Regulations
air contaminant, A-146, A-148
OSHA, A-146, A-148, A-150, A-151
protective equipment, A-149
Regulator, pressure, 24-25
Rehbock weir equation, 19-11
Reheat
coil, 34-10
control, 35-1
Reheating, 34-10
Reid vapor pressure, 40-10
Reinforced
concrete pipe, 16-10, 25-3
membrane, 39-4
REL, 46-2
Related angle, 6-1
functions of, 6-3
Relations
Maxwell, 30-6
thermodynamic, basic, 30-6
Relationship, dose-response, 45-6
Relative
abundance, 22-2
atomic weight, 22-2
dispersion, 11-13
fraction, 54-31
humidity, 31-2
importance, 54-31
paddle velocity, 24-11
permittivity, 42-9
proportion, sodium carbonate, 23-11
risk, 54-35
roughness, 17-5
stability, 25-13 (tbl)
velocity difference, 17-35
Relativistic neutron, 49-8
Relaxation
distance, 49-9
length, 49-9
Relay, 35-1
logic, 35-5, 35-6
logic, Boolean, 35-5, 35-6
logic diagram, 35-6
Release
to air, 51-8
to water, 51-8
valve, air, 16-12
Reliability, 11-9, 11-10, 53-2
experiment, 11-12
parallel, 11-10
serial, 11-10
Reliable measurement, 53-2
Relief
device, pressure, 16-12
drain, 39-7, 40-12
valve, 16-12
valve, pressure, 51-4
valve, safety, 16-12
well, 21-4
Reluctance, 53-4 (ftn)
Remainder method, 53-14
Remediation, 40-20
Removal
efficiency, 42-7
efficiency, BOD, 26-9
efficiency, cyclone, 38-23
efficiency, destruction and, 38-3
efficiency, ESP, 38-25, 42-9

I-39

fraction, 24-6
fraction, BOD, 26-9
odor, 32-7
of heat, ventilation, 32-8
rate constant, BOD, 26-5
Renewal, 54-14 (ftn)
rate, wetlands, 28-5
Reoviruses, 44-2 (tbl)
Reoxygenation, 25-7
constant, 25-7
Repayment, loan, 54-4
Repetitive stress, 46-21
Repetitiveness, high, stress, 46-21
Replacement, 22-7
sampling with, 11-3
sampling without, 11-3
study, 54-18
/retirement analysis, 54-4
Report, environmental impact, 40-3
Representation, number, 53-14
Reproductive toxicity, 45-6
Research
and development cost, 54-33
octane number, 37-6
Reservoir, 30-11
evaporation, 20-22
heat, 30-11
high-temperature, 30-11
impounding, 20-19
low-temperature, 30-11
multiple, 17-22
routing, 20-21
sink, 30-11
sizing, 20-19
source, 30-11
three, 17-22
yield, 20-19
Reset, proportional action with
automatic, 35-5
Residence time, 28-5
mean, 26-7
mean cell, 27-5, 27-8
particle, 42-9
solids, 27-5
Residual
available combined, 25-13
combined, 23-9
free, 23-9
fuel oil, 37-6
oxidant, total, 26-13
unavailable combined, 25-13
value, 54-16, 55-7
Residuals, 27-2
Resin
gelular, 24-17
ion exchange, 22-22
macroporous, 24-17
macroreticular, 24-17
Resistance (see also type)
Atkinson, 36-32
baghouse, 42-5
cake, 38-20
electrical, 52-2
electrical bridge, 53-9
electrical motion, 14-2
electrical shear, 14-1
electrical temperature detector, 53-5
electrical thermal, coefficient of, 53-6
fabric, 38-20
flow, 42-5
knock, 37-6
pressure, 36-8
specific, 42-5
thermal, 33-2 (ftn)
thermometer, 53-5
total, 33-2
unit, 33-2
Resistivity
electrical, 52-2, 53-6
particle, 42-9
Resistor, 52-2, 52-3, 52-5
variable, 53-3
Resolution, 3-6
of frequency analysis, 9-8

P P I

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INDEX - R

I N D E X

I-40

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - S

Resonant
frequency, panel, 50-11
neutron, 49-8 (tbl)
Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, 38-3
leveling, 55-10
-recovery plant, 39-10
Respirable
fraction, 40-9
particulate matter, 38-4
Respirator, 46-5, 46-8
Responder, first, 51-3
Response, 11-20
20 kHz, 50-6
curve, 50-6
flat, 50-6
linear, 50-6
slow, 46-10 (tbl)
unweighted, 50-6
versus dose, 45-7
Result
highly significant, 11-15
Kutta-Joukowsky, 17-41
significant, 11-15
Resultant vector, 5-2, 5-3
Retainer fee, 56-5
Retardance, roughness, Mannings, 20-4
Retarded flow, 19-21
Retention (see also type) (see also
Detention)
rate, 11-23
specific, 21-3, 21-4
time, 24-6, 26-7
time, hydraulic, 27-7
time, wetlands, 28-5
watershed, 20-19
Retentivity, 42-3
Retirement analysis, 54-4
Return
air fan, 36-31
air system, 36-21, 36-31
external rate of, 54-12
internal rate of, 54-12
minimum attractive rate of, 54-16
on investment, 54-11, 54-14, 54-36
rate of, 54-4, 54-12, 54-14
rate, sludge, 27-10
Reuse, wastewater, 26-12
Revenue, 54-34
Reverberant
field, 50-6
room, 50-6
Reverse
-bias, 53-5 (ftn)
osmosis, 24-22
Reversible
adiabatic, isentropic, closed system, 30-9
adiabatic process, 30-9
process, 30-3
reaction, 22-12, 22-13
reaction kinetics, 22-13
Revolution
surface of, 2-3 (fig), 9-5
volume of, 2-3 (fig), 9-5
Reynolds number, 1-9 (tbl), 16-7
critical, 16-7
factor, 17-14
mixing, 24-11
settling, 38-4
similarity, 17-46
Rheogram, 14-7
Rheopectic fluid, 14-7
Rheostat, 52-2
Rhinitis, 46-23
Rickettsia rickettsii, 46-25
Right
angle, 6-1
circular cone, formula, A-10
circular cylinder, A-10
distributive law, 4-4
-hand bit, 53-16
-hand rule, 5-4
triangle, 6-2
Righting, moment, 15-16

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

Ring
benzene, 43-1 (tbl)
double, infiltration test, 21-9
permutation, 11-3
piezometer, 15-2 (ftn)
slip, 53-8 (ftn)
stiffness, 16-11
Ringelmann scale, 37-12, 38-12, 38-13 (fig)
Riparian, forested wetlands, 28-2
Rippl diagram, 20-21
Rise, 36-30
in temperature, 13-4
Riser pipe, 21-4
Rising
limb, 20-7
sludge, 27-12
Risk, 11-15, 11-19
acceptable, 51-8
alpha, 11-15
analysis, 11-19, 54-44
analysis, qualitative, 11-19
analysis, quantitative, 11-19
assessment, 11-19
assumed, 11-19
background, 11-19
beta, 11-15
consumer, 11-15
excess lifetime cancer, 45-10
-free investment, 54-11
imposed, 11-19
incremental, 11-19
management, 11-19
producer, 11-15
Rivers and Harbors Act, 28-8
rms value, 52-4
Roentgen, 48-2
Rohsenow equation, 14-11
Roll (verb), 15-17 (ftn)
Rooftop unit, 36-3
Room
anechoic, 50-6
clean, 32-11
constant, 50-10
reverberant, 50-6
sensible heat ratio, 31-7, 34-6, 34-8, 34-9
technology, clean, 32-11
transfer function, 34-3
Root, 3-3, 12-1
double, 3-3
extraneous, 3-4
finding, 12-1
-mean-square speed, 29-17
-mean-square value, 52-4
-mean-squared value, 11-12, 11-13
Rose, wind, 38-14, 38-15 (fig)
Rosette strain gauge, 53-8
Rotameter, 17-27
Rotary action pump, 18-2, 18-3
Rotating
biological contactor, 26-11
biological contactor,
characteristics, 26-12
biological reactor, 26-11
machine, electrical, 52-11
Rotation
of axis, 2-7
of fluid mass, 15-19
pipe bundle, 42-16
Rotational symmetry, 7-4
Rotaviruses, 44-2 (tbl)
Rotifer, 44-4
Rotor
concentrator, 42-4
motor, 52-14
Rough-pipe flow, 17-5
Roughing filter, 26-9
Roughness
coefficient, 17-8, A-59
coefficient, Manning, 19-4, A-59
coefficient, overland, 20-4
coefficient, retardance, 20-4
relative, 17-5
specific, 17-5 (tbl), A-49
Roundworm, 44-2 (tbl)

M A N U A L

Routing
channel, 20-23
flood, 20-23
reservoir, 20-21
Row
canonical form, 4-2
equivalent, 4-2
equivalent matrix, 4-2
matrix, 4-1
operation, elementary, 4-2
rank, 4-5 (ftn)
-reduced echelon form, 4-2
-reduced echelon matrix, 4-1
RSHR, 34-6, 34-8, 34-9
Rth-order difference, 3-10
Rubbish, 37-4
Rule, 57-1
2-inch, 36-22
80%, 52-9
Amagat-Luducs, 29-18
Cramers, 3-7, 4-7
derived from, 40-3
Gibbs, 29-19
LHo pitals, 3-9
level, 31-5
mixture, 40-3
of professional conduct, 57-1
of signs, Descartes, 3-4
right-hand, 5-4
Simpsons, 7-2
six nines, 42-13
statutory, 57-1
trapezoidal, 7-1
Rules, SI system, 1-5
Run-of-mine coal, 37-5
Runaway, speed, 17-36
Rung, ladder, 35-6
Runner, turbine, 18-21
Runoff, 40-19
C-coefficient, A-67
condition, antecedent, 20-17
curve number, 20-18, 20-19
peak, 20-11
surface, 20-7 (ftn)
Runout duct, 36-13
Ryznar stability index, 24-18

S
S
corporation, 56-3
-curve method, 20-13
Sabin, 50-10
area, 50-10
Sacrificial anode, 22-18
Saddle point, 7-2
Safe
Drinking Water Act, 23-5
yield, 21-6
Safety
electrical, 52-19
plan, 47-4
relief valve, 16-12
solvent, 46-5
valve, 16-12
valve, full-lift, 16-12
valve, high-lift, 16-12
valve, low-lift, 16-12
workplace, 46-1
Sag
curve, 25-10
curve, oxygen, 25-11 (fig)
oxygen, 25-10
Salary plus fee, 56-5
Sale, water, 23-4
Salinity, 22-9
hazard, 23-11
irrigation water, 23-11
Salmonella
paratyphi, 44-2 (tbl)
typhi, 44-2 (tbl)
Salmonellosis, 44-2 (tbl)
Salometer scale, 14-5 (ftn)

Salt
crevice, 22-23
marsh, tidal, 28-2
water conversion, 24-22
Salvage value, 54-18
Sample, 11-3
grab, 25-15
space, event, 11-3
standard deviation, 11-13 (ftn)
variance, 11-13
whole air, 37-19
Sampler
gas, 38-12
hi-vol, 38-11
hi-vol particulate, 38-11 (fig)
high-volume, 38-11
impactor, 38-11
impactor particulate, 38-12 (fig)
impingement, 38-11
Sampling, 11-3
and analytical error, 47-12
emissions, 37-19
points, traverse, 37-20 (fig)
regulations, air, A-148
with replacement, 11-3
without replacement, 11-3
Sand
drying bed, 27-18
filter, 24-13, 26-12
filter bed, 40-20
filter, intermittent, 26-12
filter, polishing, 26-12
filter, rapid, 24-13, 26-12
filter, slow, 24-14, 26-12
Sanitary wastewater, 25-1
Saturated
air, 31-2
hydrocarbon, 37-2, 43-2 (tbl)
liquid, 29-2
liquid line, 29-3
liquids, properties, 29-13
properties, A-124, A-125
R-12 properties, A-103, A-104, A-108,
A-109, A-124, A-125
R-22 properties, A-127, A-128
solution, 22-10
steam, properties, A-90, A-91, A-92,
A-112, A-113, A-114
vapor, 29-2
vapor line, 29-3
vapors, properties of, 29-14
Saturation
coefficient, oxygen, 27-9
concentration (gas in liquid), 22-9
degree of, 31-2
efficiency, 31-10
index, Langelier, 24-18
pressure, 14-9
process, adiabatic, 31-10
ratio, 31-2
table, using, 29-10
temperature, 29-4
values of dissolved oxygen in water, A-73
Saybolt
Seconds Furol (SSF), 14-6
Seconds Universal (SSU),
14-6 (ftn), 18-2 (ftn)
viscometer, 14-6 (ftn)
SC, 34-4
Scalar, 5-1
matrix, 4-1
multiplication, 4-4
product, triple, 5-5
Scale, 22-21 (ftn), 24-18
absolute temperature, 29-4, 29-5
API, 14-5
Baume , 14-5
Kelvin, 29-5
model, 17-45
parameter, 11-8, 11-9
phon, 50-9
Rankine, 29-5

Ringelmann, 37-12, 38-12, 38-13 (fig)

sone, 50-9
spring, 53-14
Scaling
constant, 42-6 (tbl)
index, Puckorius, 24-19
laws, 18-20
Scattering
elastic, 49-7
inelastic, 49-7
reaction, 49-6
Scavenging, oxygen, 22-23
SCFM, 27-9, 36-2
Schedule
Highway Fuel Economy Driving, 38-35
management, 55-9
pipe, 16-9, 16-10
Urban Dynamometer Driving, 38-35
Schedule-40 pipe, 16-10 (ftn)
Scheduling
fast-track, 55-9
project, 55-8
Schizothrix calciola, 44-2 (tbl)
Schmidt number, 1-9 (tbl)
Schmutzdecke, 24-14 (ftn)
Schulze correlation, 26-11
SCL, 34-3, 34-4
Scour
protection, 19-14
velocity, 26-6
Screen
gravel, 21-5
wastewater, 26-6
well, 21-4
Screening, 24-2
pea coal, 37-5
Screwed fitting, 17-12 (ftn)
Scrim, 39-4
Scrubber, 32-11, 38-26, 42-2
atomizing, 42-18
particulate, 38-28 (fig), 38-29 (tbl)
types, 38-28 (fig)
venturi, 42-18
wet, 42-2
Scrubbing, 42-17
advanced, 37-5
chemical, 42-17
dry, 42-17
semi-dry, 42-17
SCS
curve number, 20-16
graphical method, 20-17
lag equation, 20-11
peak discharge, 20-17
synthetic unit hydrograph, 20-11
Scum, 26-7
grinding, 26-7
SDCFM, 36-2
SDG sewer, 25-4
Seal, 42-16
class, 36-22
double, 42-16
mechanical, 42-16
single, 42-16
tandem, 42-16
Seasonal
cooling energy, 34-5
energy-efficiency ratio, 34-2, 34-5
Secant
bulk modulus, 14-14
hyperbolic, 6-5
method, 12-2 (ftn)
Second
area moment, 2-4
derivative, 8-1
law of cosines, 6-6
law of thermodynamics, 29-7 (ftn), 30-12
moment of a function, 9-6
moment of the area, 2-4
-order differential equation, 10-1
-order homogeneous, 10-3
-order linear, 10-3

I-41

Secondary
clarifier, 26-12
combustion chamber, 42-13
pollutant, 38-4
standard, 38-2
treatment, 26-3
Section
404 guidelines, 28-10
404 permit, 28-10
conic, 7-8, 7-9
cross, 49-7
factor, 19-3
modulus, 2-7
Sector, A-8
Sedimentation, 20-23, 24-3
basin, characteristics, 26-7
basin, plain, 26-7
efficiency, 24-6
plain, 24-5
tank, 24-5
Seebeck effect, 53-7
Seeded BOD, 25-10
Seepage
flow net, 21-8
velocity, 21-4
SEER, 34-2
Selective
catalytic reduction, 40-15, 42-19
leaching, 22-19
noncatalytic reduction, 42-19
Selenide, cadmium, 53-5
Self
-cleansing pipe, 20-3 (ftn)
-cleansing velocity, 19-2, 20-3 (ftn), 25-4
-purification, 25-10
-purification constant, 25-11
Semi
-dry scrubbing, 42-17
-variable cost, 54-32
Semimajor distance, 7-11
Semiminor distance, 7-11
Semipermeable membrane, 14-10
Sending unit, 53-3 (ftn)
Sense, 5-1
Sensible
cooling, 31-8
heat, 29-8, 32-8
heat factor, 31-7, 34-6
heat ratio, 31-7, 34-6
heat ratio, coil, 31-7
heat ratio, effective, 31-7
heat ratio, grand, 31-7
heat ratio, room, 31-7
heating, 31-8
-total ratio, 31-7
Sensitivity, 11-12, 53-2
analysis, 54-44
Sensor, 35-1, 53-3
Separable, first-order, 10-2, 10-3
Separation
factor, 42-8
hydrograph, 20-7
of terms, 9-3
Separator
cyclone, 38-22
cyclone, dimensions, 38-22 (fig),
38-23 (tbl)
inertial, 40-9, 42-7
Septage, 26-2
Septic tank, 26-2
Sequence, 3-10
arithmetic, 3-11
convergent, 3-10
divergent, 3-10
geometric, 3-11
harmonic, 3-11
p-, 3-11
standard, 3-11
Sequencing
batch reactor, 27-4
construction, 55-8
design, 55-8

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INDEX - S

I N D E X

I-42

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - S

Sequestering agent, 24-19 (ftn)

Serial
reliability, 11-10
system, 11-10
Series, 3-11
arithmetic, 3-12
circuit, electrical, 52-3
expansion, 8-8
finite, 3-11
Fourier, 9-6
galvanic, 22-18 (tbl)
geometric, 3-12
harmonic, 3-12
hydrocarbon, 37-2
infinite, 3-11, 54-7
Maclaurin, 8-8
methane, 37-2
naphthalene, 37-2
of alternating sign, 3-13
olefin, 37-2
paraffin, 37-2
pipe, 17-20
power, 8-8
pumps in, 18-18
Taylors, 8-8
Serum hepatitis, 46-25
Service
factor, 33-4, 52-13
factor, motor, 18-10
life, 54-20
pressure, 24-25
Set, 11-1
associative law, 11-2
commutative law, 11-2
complement, 11-1
complement law, 11-1, 11-2
de Morgans law, 11-2
disjoint, 11-1
distributive law, 11-2
element, 11-1
idempotent law, 11-2
identity law, 11-2
intersection, 11-1
laws, 11-2
member, 11-1
null, 11-1
point, 22-22, 24-18, 35-2
union, 11-1
universal, 11-1
Setback, thermostat, 33-7
Settleable solid, 23-9, 42-23
Settled sludge volume, 27-6
Settling
rate, 26-7
Reynolds number, 38-4
time, 35-2
velocity, 17-43, 24-5, 24-6, 38-4
velocity, critical, 24-7
velocity, terminal, 38-22
Severability, 56-4
Sewage
pump, 18-4
strength, 25-8
Sewer
alternative, 25-4
capacity, 25-5 (tbl)
collector, 25-2
combined, 25-2
disposal, radionuclide, 48-9, 48-10
G-P, 25-4
gravity, 25-4
interceptor, 25-3
main, 25-2
minimum velocity, 19-2
overflow, combined, 26-13
pipe, concrete dimensions, A-41, A-42
pipe, dimensions and weights, A-41, A-42
pipe, material, 25-3
pipe, PVC dimensions, A-38, A-39, A-40
size, 25-4
slope, 25-4
small-diameter gravity, 25-4
trunk, 25-2
velocity, 25-4

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

Shading coefficient, 34-4

Shaft
critical speed, 24-12
loading, pump, 18-11
work, 30-5
Shallow-dose equivalent, 48-4
Shape
basic, 2-1, 2-4
mensuration, A-8
of a fluid, 14-1
Sharp-crested weir, 19-11
Shaving wheel fan, 36-6
Shear
beam load cell, 53-12
formation, rate of, 14-6, 14-7
rate, 14-6, 17-14
resistance, 14-1
stress, fluid, 14-6, 17-14
Shedding vortex, 36-31
Sheet
flow, 20-3
flow, Manning roughness
coefficients, 20-3
metal gauges, 36-13
Shells, method of, volume, 9-6
Shelter factor, 32-6
Sheltering coefficient, 32-6
Sherwood number, 1-9 (tbl)
Shield
radiation, 48-11
thickness, 49-2, 49-3, 49-8
Shielding
alpha particle, 49-2
beta particle, 49-3
gamma ray, 49-4
neutron, 49-6
radiation, 46-14, 49-1
X-ray, 49-4
Shigella, 44-2 (tbl)
Shock
electrical, 52-19
load, septage, 26-2
treatment, 25-5
Short
circuit, electrical, 52-2
hydraulically, 19-27
-term exposure limit, 32-10, 45-12
-term exposure method, 47-11
-term transaction, 54-3
ton, 1-7
Shoulder tendonitis, 46-22
Shredder, 26-7
Shrub, 28-2
Shunt, balance bridge, 53-9 (ftn)
Shutoff
point, pump, 18-16
service valve, 16-12
SI
base units, 1-5 (tbl)
conversion factor, A-3
derived units, 1-6
prefix, 1-7
system rules, 1-5
unit, 1-5
Sick building syndrome, 40-5
Side
slopes, erodible channels, 19-26
water depth, 26-7
Sidestream tobacco smoke, 38-36
Siemens, 52-2
Sievert unit, 46-12
Sigma chart, 11-17
Sign
alternating, series of, 3-13
convention (thermal), 30-4
of the function, 6-3
Signal
analyzer, 9-8
-to-noise ratio, 47-5
Signature analysis, 9-8 (ftn)
Significance level, 11-15
Significant
bit, least, 53-14
bit, most, 53-14

M A N U A L

deterioration, prevention of, 38-2

digit, 3-1, 53-14
digit, least, 53-14
digit, most, 53-14
results, 11-15
results, highly, 11-15
Silica, 46-6
Siliceous-gel zeolite, 22-21
Silicosis, 45-4, 46-6
Silver point, 53-7 (ftn)
Silviculture, 27-20
Similar triangle, 6-2
Similarity, 17-45
dynamic, 17-45
fan, 36-10
geometric, 17-45
law, pump, 18-20
mechanical, 17-45
partial, 17-47
Simple
asphyxiant, 46-3
interest, 54-11, 54-40
pipe culvert, 17-19 (fig)
Simplex pump, 18-2
Simpsons rule, 7-2
Simulation
Monte Carlo, 20-22
reservoir, 20-22
stochastic, 20-22
Simultaneous equations
linear, 3-6, 3-7
matrix, 4-6
solving, 3-7
Sine
coversed, 6-4
flipped, 6-4
function, integral, 9-8
hyperbolic, 6-4
law of, 6-5, 6-6
versed, 6-4
Single
-acting pump, 18-2
cyclone, 42-7
cyclone, double-vortex (inertial
separator), 42-7 (fig)
-duct system, 35-1
payment cash flow, 54-3
payment present worth factor, 54-5
-point calibration, 53-2
proprietorship, 56-1
seal, 42-16
-stage pump, 18-4
-suction pump, 18-4
-zone ventilation, 32-3
Singular
matrix, 4-2, 4-5
point, 8-1, 8-3 (ftn)
Singularity, 4-5
Sink
energy, 17-15, 30-11
for nutrients, 28-5
reservoir, 30-11
Sinking fund, 54-7
factor, 54-7
method, 54-22
Siphon, 17-20
air valve, 16-14
Site
control zone, 47-3, 47-4 (fig)
development cost, 55-4
visit, 55-3
Siting
landfill, 39-5
wastewater treatment plant, 26-3
Six nines, 38-3
rule, 42-13
Size
cut, 42-8
dust, conventions, 40-9
motor, 18-10
particulate, 38-4
Sizing, furnace, 33-5
SK rating, 26-8
Skew, symmetric matrix, 4-2

Skewness, 11-14
Fishers, 11-14
Pearsons, 11-14
Skimming tank, 26-7
Skin, 45-1
Skin friction, 17-5 (ftn), 17-41
coefficient, 17-5 (ftn), 17-45 (ftn)
loss, 17-4 (ftn)
Slab, 33-3
edge coefficient, 33-3
ground, 33-3
Slack time, 55-11
Slag, 37-3
Slaked lime, 24-15
Sliding
factor of safety, 15-11
plate viscometer test, 14-6
vector, 5-1 (ftn)
Sling, psychrometer, 31-10
Slip, 18-10
ammonia, 42-19 (ftn)
electrical, 52-14
factor, Cunningham, 42-9
pump, 18-3
ring, 53-8 (ftn)
Slope, 7-5, 8-1, 19-15
critical, 19-3
energy gradient, 19-3
factor, 11-20, 51-8
factor, carcinogen, 45-10
geometric, 19-3
-intercept form, 7-5
normal, 19-3
-ramp method, landfill, 39-2
sewer, 25-4
Slow
-closing valve, 17-39
neutron, 49-8 (tbl)
response, 46-10 (tbl)
sand filter, 24-14, 26-12
Sludge, 24-12, 27-2, 40-2 (ftn)
activated, 27-2
age, 27-5
age, BOD, 27-5
beneficial reuse program, 27-20
bulking, 27-5, 27-12
cake, 27-18
characteristics, 27-13
composting, 27-20
conditioner, 22-24
critical velocity, 18-5, 18-6
dewatering, 27-18
disposal, 27-20
incineration, 27-20, 42-15
landfill, 27-20
methane production, 27-16
monofill, 27-20
ocean dumping, 27-20
parameters, 27-4
pump, 18-5
pump power factors, 18-5
quantity, wastewater, 27-13
quantity, water treatment, 24-12
recycle rate, 27-11
return rate, 27-10
rising, 27-12
stabilization, 27-15
thickening, 27-14
volume index, 27-5, 27-10, 27-12
volume, settled, 27-6
washout, 27-13
waste activated, 27-2
wasting, 27-12
water treatment, 24-6
yield, 27-13
Slug, 1-3, A-3, A-4
Slurry, friction loss, 17-11
Slush, ice, 29-2
Small
angle approximation, 6-3
-diameter gravity sewer, 25-4
intestine, 45-3

Smog, 38-5, 40-20

photochemical, 38-9, 40-20
precursor, 40-20
Smoke, 37-12, 38-4, 38-12, 40-20
damper, 36-24
mainstream tobacco, 38-36
opacity, 38-13 (fig), 40-20
Ringelmann scale, 38-13 (fig)
spot number, 37-12, 40-20
tobacco, 38-36
Smoking, ventilation, 32-5
Smoothing coefficient, 54-42
Snyder hydrograph, 20-11
SO2 control, 37-5
SOC, 25-14
Soda ash, 24-15
Sodium
adsorption ratio, 23-11
bicarbonate, relative proportion, 23-11
hazard, 23-11
percent, 23-11
Soffit, 19-27 (ftn)
Soft
water, 24-16, 24-17
X-ray, 46-13
Softening
ion exchange, 24-17
lime, 24-15 (ftn)
membrane, 24-22
precipitation, 22-21, 24-15, 24-17
Soil
group, hydrologic, 20-16
incineration, 42-15
moisture content, 21-2
permeability, 21-2
washing, 42-20
Solar cooling load, 34-3
factor, 34-3
Sole proprietorship, 56-1
Solenoid, 35-1
Solid, 29-2
angle, 6-6
bowl centrifuge, 27-18
contact unit, 24-12
equilibrium, 29-3
properties, 29-12
property changes in, 30-10
settleable, 42-23
waste, 40-2
waste, municipal, 39-1
Solids, 25-6
dissolved, 25-6
fixed, 27-4
in water (see also type), 23-9
nonvolatile, 27-4
properties, A-131
refractory, 25-6
residence time, 27-5
suspended, 25-6, 26-3
total, 25-6
volatile, 25-6, 27-4
washout, 27-13
Solubility, 39-9, 42-21
coefficient, 22-9
product, 22-16
Soluble
BOD, 27-6
sodium, percent, 23-11
Solute, 14-10 (ftn), 22-10
Solution, 14-10, 22-10
buffer, 22-12
complementary, 10-3
indicator, 23-2
neutral, 22-11, 22-12, 23-1
of gases in liquid, 22-9
particular, 10-3
properties of, 22-10
regeneration, 24-18
saturated, 22-10
trivial, 3-7 (ftn)
Solvation, 22-10
Solvency, 54-35

I-43

Solvent, 14-10, 22-10

recovery, 42-3, 42-4
safety, 46-5
Somatic effect, 48-3
Sone, 50-9
scale, 50-9
Sonic
boom, 14-15
velocity, 14-14, 50-5
Sorbent injection, 42-20
duct, 37-5
furnace, 37-5
Sound, 46-8, 50-4
abatement, 50-11
absorption coefficient, 50-9
band, 50-7
directivity, 50-7
field, 50-6
impedance, 50-6
intensity, 46-9, 50-4
meter, 50-6
physiological basis, 50-4
power, 46-9
power level, 46-9, 50-7
pressure, 46-9
pressure level, 46-9, 50-7
reduction index, 50-11
sources, combined, 46-10
speed of, 14-14, 50-5
transmission class, 50-10
velocity, 50-5
wave, 46-9 (fig), 50-5
wave, longitudinal, 50-5
Source
control, mobile, 38-34
cylindrical, 48-11
disk, 48-11
domestic heat, 33-4
energy, 17-15
indoor, pollution, 38-36
internal heat, 34-4
line, 48-11
of nutrients, 28-5
performance standard, new, 38-2
point, 48-11
radiation, 48-11
reservoir, 30-11
Southern deepwater swamp, 28-2
SOx, 38-6
Space
air, 33-2
characteristic length, 36-30
conditions, adjacent, 33-2
permittivity of free, 42-9
Spacing
fire hydrant, 24-24
molecule, 14-2
Span, 17-40
Sparging, 42-20
SPC, 11-16
Special
cases polynomial, 3-4
damages, 56-7
triangle, 6-2
Specialist, 51-3
Species, target, 53-3
Specific
acoustic impedance, 50-6
area, filter, 26-9
capacity, 21-4
collection area, 38-25, 42-9
control (heat stress), 46-17
discharge, 21-4
energy, 13-1, 16-1, 16-9, 19-15
energy diagram, 19-15
energy, total, 16-2 (ftn)
enthalpy, 29-4
feed characteristic, 42-12
force, 19-15
gamma ray dose constant, 48-5
gas constant, 29-15

P P I

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INDEX - S

I N D E X

I-44

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - S

gravity, 14-4
gravity, hydrocarbons, A-26
gravity, liquid, 51-4
gravity, vapor, 51-4 (tbl)
growth rate, 25-6
growth rate, net, 25-7
heat, 13-4, 29-7
heat, gas, 37-2
heat, ideal gas, 29-16
heat, molar, 13-4, 29-7
heat, polytropic, 30-2
heat, ratio of, 15-13, 29-8
heat, real gas, 29-21
humidity, 31-2
identification, 54-37
internal energy, 29-5
kinetic energy, 16-1, 16-2
leakage, 34-4
performance, 56-4, 56-6
permeability, 21-2
property, 29-4
resistance, 42-5
retention, 21-3, 21-4
roughness, 17-5 (tbl), A-49
roughness duct, 36-14 (ftn)
roughness, pipe, A-49
speed, 18-12
speed, fan, 36-6
speed, suction, 18-16
speed, turbine, 18-21, 18-23
substrate utilization, 27-7
surface area, 26-11
utilization, 27-7
volume, 14-4, 14-5, 29-5, 38-8
weight, 14-5
yield, 21-3
Specifications, pipe, 16-10
Spectrum
analysis, 9-8
analyzer, 9-8
noise, 50-9
Specular reflection, 50-4
Speed (see also type)
compression wave, 17-38
control, motor, 52-15
critical, shaft, 24-12
linear, 13-2 (ftn)
most probable, 29-17
of a jet, 17-17
of a molecule, 29-17
of a molecule, mean, 29-17
of efflux, 17-17
of reaction, 22-13
of sound, 14-14, 46-9, 50-5
regulation, 52-12
root-mean-square, 29-17
runaway, 17-36
specific, 18-12
specific, fan, 36-6
specific, turbine, 18-23
surge wave, 17-38
synchronous, 18-10, 52-14
tip, 18-4
variable, fan drive, 36-7
work, 13-2
SPF, 20-6
Sphere, 7-12
formula, A-10
unit, 6-6
Spherical
coordinate system, 7-3 (fig) (tbl)
defect, 6-6
drop, 10-10
excess, 6-6
segment, A-10
triangle, 6-6
trigonometry, 6-6
Sphericity, 17-43
Spill
hazardous, 40-20
oil, 40-17
Spillway, 19-13
coefficient, 19-13
ogee, 19-13 (ftn)

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R E F E R E N C E

Spiral duct, 36-13

steel, typical collapse pressure
of, 36-14 (fig)
Spitzglass formula, 17-10
Spleen, 45-5
Split process, 24-16
Splitter, damper, 36-24
Spot humidification, 32-7
Spray, 38-4
chamber, 31-10 (ftn)
method, water, 32-7
ratio, 31-10
tower, 38-29, 42-2, 42-20
Spread, 36-30
Spring
energy, 13-3
scale, 53-14
Square matrix, 4-2
Squirrel
cage fan, 36-6
case rotor, 52-14
SSF, 14-6 (ftn)
SSU, 14-6 (ftn), 18-2 (ftn)
Stability, 15-16, 53-2
categories, atmospheric, 38-18 (tbl)
constant, 22-15
experiment, 11-12
index, Langelier, 24-18
index, Ryznar, 24-18
of atmospheric conditions, 38-14
relative, 25-13
water, 24-18
Stabilization, 40-20
contact, 27-3
lagoon, 26-4
pond, 26-4
sludge, 27-15
tank, 27-4
time, 25-13
treatment, 24-18
water, 24-19
Stack
dew point, 40-4
effect, 32-6, 37-17, 37-18
effect head, 37-18
friction, 37-19
gas (see also Flue gas), 37-12, 40-4 (ftn)
height, 38-18
Staff gauge, 19-11
Stage pump, 18-4
Staged
-air burner, 42-20
combustion, 42-20
Staging module, digital-toanalog, 35-5
proportional, 35-5
Stagnation
energy, 16-4
point, 16-4
pressure, 32-6
tube, 16-4
Stainless steel types, 22-19 (ftn)
Stall angle, 17-40
Standard
atmosphere, A-58, A-144
atmosphere, SI, A-3, A-4
atmospheric pressure, 14-3
cash flow factor, A-166
circuit breaker, 52-9
condition, 14-4 (ftn), 36-2, 37-2, 47-5
conditions, gaseous fuels, 37-2
contract, 56-5
cost, 54-36
cubic feet per minute, 27-9, 36-2
cubic foot, 37-2
deviation, 11-13
deviation of the sample, 11-13 (ftn)
dissolved oxygen, 25-10
enthalpies of formation, 22-17 (tbl)
error, 11-13
error of the mean, 11-14
flood, 20-6
form, 7-9
gravity, 1-2

M A N U A L

motor, 52-12
NAAQS, 38-2
new source performance, 38-2
normal curve, area under, A-13 (tbl)
normal deviate, 11-13
normal table, 11-7
normal value, 11-7, 11-13, 11-15
normal variable, 11-13
normal variate, 11-13
of care, 56-6 (ftn), 56-7
polynomial form, 3-3
primary, 38-2
project flood, 20-6
-rate filter, 26-8
second, 38-2
sequence, 3-11
state, chemical, 22-17
temperature and pressure, 14-4,
37-2, 47-5
ventilation, 32-2
wastewater, 25-15
Standardized
concentration, 47-12
entropy, 29-6
Standards
drinking water, 23-5
exposure assessment, 47-10 (tbl)
industrial wastewater, 26-1
National Ambient Air Quality, 38-3 (tbl)
national drinking water, 23-5
national primary drinking water, A-80
pipe, 16-10
Standing wave, 19-18
Stanton number, 1-9 (tbl)
Staphylococcus aureus, 46-26
Stat, 35-1
freeze, 35-2
State
equation of, 29-14
law of corresponding, 29-20
oxidation, 22-4
principle of corresponding, 29-20
standard, chemical, 22-17
thermodynamic, 29-2, 29-4
Static
discharge head, 18-6
efficiency, 36-7
energy, 13-3, 16-2 (ftn)
equilibrium, 15-16
head, 18-6
pile composting, 27-20
pressure, 36-3
pressure, external, 36-8
pressure probe, 17-27
pressure tube, 15-2
regain, 36-19
regain method, 36-27
suction head, 18-6
Statical moment, 2-3
Stationary pollution source, 38-19
Statistic, chi-squared, 11-8
Statistical
error, terms, 53-3
process control, 11-16
Stator pump, 18-3
Statute, 57-1
of frauds, 56-3 (ftn)
Statutory rule, 57-1
Steady
flow, 19-2, 19-14
-flow, availability function, 30-12
-flow energy equation, 16-2, 30-5
-flow, polytropic, 30-10
-flow system, 30-5
-flow system, isentropic, 30-9
-flow system, throttling, 30-10
flow, well, 21-5
-open flow system, 30-1
-state BCF, 45-11
-state operation, 11-9
Steam
dry saturated, 29-14
friction loss, 17-9
humidification, 31-11

Mollier diagram, A-99, A-120

point, 53-7 (ftn)
pump, 18-2
saturated, properties, A-90, A-91, A-92,
A-112, A-113, A-114
stripping, 42-22
superheated, properties, A-95,
A-96, A-117
table, 29-10
trap, 16-14
trap, float, 16-14
trap, inverted bucket, 16-14
trap, thermodynamic disc, 16-14
trap, thermostatic, 16-14
Steel
formula, 20-5
pipe, 16-9
pipe, black, 16-10
pipe, corrugated, 16-11
pipe dimensions, 16-10, A-30, A-31,
A-32, A-33, A-34, A-35, A-36
pipe, galvanized, 16-10
pipe, plain, 16-10
pipe, pressure drop, water, A-54
pipe, water flow, 17-9, A-54
properties, A-65, A-66
rainfall coefficients, 20-6
rainfall region, 20-5
region, 20-5
-reinforced concrete, 15-11 (ftn)
water pipe, 24-25
STEL, 45-12
Stenothermophile, 44-1
STEP
-flow aeration, 27-3
function, 10-6
interval, frequency distribution, 11-11
system, 25-4
Stepped cash flow, 54-10
Steradian, 6-6
Sterilization well, 21-4
Stiffness
bending, panel, 50-12
pipe, 16-11
ring, 16-11
Stilb, 50-3 (ftn)
Stochastic
critical path model, 55-14
effect, 48-3
simulation, 20-22
Stoichiometric
air, 37-9
combustion, 37-9
quantities, 37-9
reaction, 22-8
Stoichiometry, 22-8
Stoke, 14-8
Stokes number, 1-9 (tbl)
Stokes law, 17-42, 24-5, 38-4
Storage
coefficient, 21-3
constant, 21-3
indication method, 20-21
pumped, 24-24
tank, 41-1
tank, underground, 40-20
water, 24-24
Storm
century, 20-5
characteristics, 20-2
design, 20-4, 20-5
Stormwater modeling, 20-23
STP (see also Standard temperature and
pressure), 14-4, 47-5
gaseous fuels, 37-2
Straddle, bisection method, 12-1
Straight
angle, 6-1
-blade fan, 36-6
extraction, 37-20
humidification, 31-7
line, 7-4 (fig)
line depreciation recovery, 54-26
line method, 54-21, 54-26

Strain
gauge, 15-2, 53-8, 53-13
heat, 46-15
net, 53-11
rate of, 14-6
sensitivity factor, 53-8
volumetric, 14-14
Stratification, 35-2
Stratosphere, 15-12, 15-13 (ftn)
Stream
coordinates, fluid, 17-18 (fig)
function, 17-4
function, Lagrange, 17-4
gauging, 19-2
potential function, 17-3
Streamline, 16-7, 21-7
flow, 16-7
Streamtube, 16-7
Street, inlet, 25-5
Streeter-Phelps equation, 25-10
Stress
biaxial, 53-11
cold, 46-17
corrosion cracking, 22-19
critical, 17-12
heat (control), 46-15, 46-17
repetitive, 46-21
shear, fluid, 14-6
thermal, 46-14
yield, 17-12
Strickler equation, 19-4 (ftn)
Strict liability in tort, 56-7
Stripping, 42-2 (ftn)
air, 26-12, 42-20
ammonia, 25-14, 26-13
factor, 42-21
steam, 42-22
Strontium-90, A-152
Strouhal number, 1-9 (tbl)
Structural steel, corrugated pipe, 16-11
Structure
atomic, 22-1
-borne noise, 50-4
Students t-distribution, 11-7, 11-8, A-15
Sub-isokinetic, 37-19 (ftn)
Subadiabatic lapse rate, 38-15
Subautogenous waste, 42-11 (ftn)
Subchapter C corporation, 56-3
Subcontract, 56-4
Subcooled liquid, 29-2, 29-11
properties, 29-12
Subcritical flow, 19-16
Subcutaneous fatty tissue, 45-2
Sublimation, 29-9 (ftn)
latent heat of, 29-8
Submarine, atmosphere, 32-11
Submatrix, 4-1
Submerged
fraction, 15-15
mode, 19-14
pipelines, 15-16
scraper conveyor, 40-5
weir, 19-11
Subset, 11-1
proper, 11-1
Subsonic, 14-15
flow regime, 14-15 (ftn)
Substance
properties, 29-4
target, 53-3
Substitution, linear equation, 3-7
Substrate, 25-6, 53-8
intertidal, 28-2
utilization, rate of, 27-7
utilization, specific, 27-7
Subsurface
flow, 20-7
water, 21-1
Subtitle
C landfill, 39-3
D landfill, 39-3
Success probability, 11-3
Successive trial, 11-5

I-45

Suction, 18-4
head, net positive, 18-14
head, total, 18-6
specific speed, 18-16
Sudden
contraction, 17-13
enlargement, 17-12, 17-13
Sugar, 43-2 (tbl)
Sulfate
aerosol, 38-10
sulfur, 37-4
Sulfide
attack, 25-5
cadmium, 53-5
Sulfur, 37-4
dioxide, 40-20
in stack gas, 40-4
low-, coal, 37-5
organic, 37-4
oxide, 38-5, 38-6
point, 53-7 (ftn)
pyritic, 37-4
sulfate, 37-4
trioxide, 37-4, 40-4, 40-20
Sulfuric acid, 38-10
Sulfurous acid, 38-10, 40-20
Sum
-of-the-years digits method, 54-21, 54-26
unweighted, 50-8
Summer, degree-day, 33-6 (ftn), 34-5
Sunk cost, 54-3
Super
high-rate filter, 26-9
-isokinetic, 37-19 (ftn)
Superadiabatic lapse rate, 38-15
Superchlorination, 24-15
Supercritical flow, 19-16
Superficial velocity, 38-20
Superheat
degree of, 29-11
table, using, 29-11
Superheated
R-12 properties, A-105, A-106
steam properties, A-95, A-117
vapor, 29-2, 29-3
vapor, properties of, 29-14
Supernatant, 27-14, 27-16
Superposition
of cash flow, 54-10
theorem, 10-6
Supersaturated solution, 22-10 (ftn)
Supersonic travel, 14-15
Supplementary
angle, 6-1
unit, 1-6 (tbl)
Supplier, dealing with, 57-2, 57-3
Suppliers lien, 56-5
Supply
duct, 36-21
rail, 35-6, 35-7
Supported membrane, 39-4
Suppressed weir, 19-11
Surcharge, 15-12
Surface
absorption, 50-10
-acting agent, 40-9 (ftn)
condenser, 38-33 (fig)
control, 30-1
density, 50-11
faying, 22-19
flow, 20-7 (ftn)
free, 16-5
loading, 24-6, 26-7, 26-9
loading rate, 26-7
of revolution, 2-3 (fig), 9-5
pressure coefficient, wind, 32-6
runoff, 20-7 (ftn), 40-19
temperature, 10-10
tension, 14-11
wave, 19-18
Surfactant, 40-9
Surge
chamber, 17-39, 18-24
tank, 17-39

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INDEX - S

I N D E X

I-46

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - T

wave, 19-18
wave speed, 17-38
Surging, 36-9
Surroundings, 30-1
Susceptance, 52-5
Suspended
metal, in wastewater, 25-14
solids, 25-6, 26-3
solids, age, 27-5
solids, mixed liquor, 27-4
solids, mixed liquor volatile, 27-4
Suspension, 22-10
Sustainable development, ethics, 57-4
Sutro weir, 19-14
SVI, 27-10, 27-12
Swamee-Jain equation, 17-6
Swamp, southern deepwater, 28-2
Swampbuster provisions, 28-9
Swing
temperature, 32-7
valve, 16-12
Switch, electropneumatic, 35-1
Switching fuel, 40-20
Symbols, 3-1
elements, A-69
piping, A-45
Symmetrical
even, 9-7 (tbl)
full-wave, 9-7 (tbl)
function, 7-4
half-wave, 9-7 (tbl)
matrix, 4-2
odd, 9-7 (tbl)
quarter-wave, 9-7 (tbl)
waveform, 9-7 (tbl)
Symmetry
curve, types, 7-4
half-wave, 7-4
odd, 7-4
rotational, 7-4
Synchronous
capacitor, 52-15
motor, 52-15
speed, 18-10, 52-14
Syndet, 23-7
Syndrome
acquired immunodeficiency, 46-25
carpal tunnel, 46-21
cubital tunnel, 46-21
DeQuervains, 46-22
neck tension, 46-21
NIMBY, 40-14
pronator, 46-22
Raynauds, 46-22
thoracic outlet, 46-22
toxic shock, 46-26
vibration, 46-22
Syngas, 37-6, 37-8
from tires, 40-21
Synthesis, 22-7
hydrograph, 20-13
organic compound, 43-3
Synthetic
detergent, 23-7
gas, 37-6, 37-8
hydrograph, 20-11
membrane, 39-4
membrane liner, 39-4
organic chemical, 25-14
polymer, 24-8, 24-9
resin, 22-22
textured, 39-5
unit hydrograph, 20-11, 20-12
unit hydrograph, Espey, 20-12
zeolite, 24-17
Syphilis, 46-25
System, 30-1
absolute english, 1-4
air-and-water, 35-1
all-air, 35-1
all-water, 35-1
base-8, 53-15
base-16, 53-15
binary, 53-14

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R E F E R E N C E

boundary, 30-1
budgeting, 55-6
bypass factor, 34-7
Cartesian coordinate, 7-3
central nervous, 45-5
cgs, 1-4
characteristic curve, 36-8
closed, 30-1
closed biochemical, 28-5
consistent, 3-7
consistent unit, 1-2
conventional, duct, 36-21
coordinate, 7-3
curve, 36-8
dual-duct, 35-1
dust collection, 36-32
effect, 36-9
effect factor, 36-9
English engineering, 1-2
English gravitational, 1-3
exhaust duct, 36-31
hexadecimal, 53-15
high-velocity, 36-21
inconsistent, 3-7
isolated, 30-2
k-out-of-n, 11-10
low-velocity, 36-21
lymph, 45-5
metric, 1-4
mks, 1-5
MLT, 1-7
numbering, 3-1
octal, 53-15
of units, 1-2
open, 30-1
open biochemical, 28-5
parallel, 11-10
performance curve, 18-16
peripheral nervous, 45-5
population, 32-4
positional numbering, 53-14
rectangular coordinate, 7-3
redundant, 11-10
return air, 36-21, 36-31
serial, 11-10
single-duct, 35-1
steady-flow, 30-5
steady-flow, isentropic, 30-9
steady-flow, polytropic, 30-10
steady-flow, throttling, 30-10
supply duct, 36-21
thermodynamic, 30-1
voltage, 52-5 (ftn)
Systematic error, 53-2
Systemic, 45-3
effect, toxic, 45-3

T
T. trichiuro, 44-2 (tbl)
T250 temperature, 37-3
Table
air, 29-11
compressed liquid, 29-11
cumulative frequency, 11-11
divided difference, 12-3 (ftn)
factor, A-166, A-167
fan rating, 36-8
gas, 29-11
multirating, 36-8
of indefinite integrals, A-11
of integrals, 9-1 (ftn)
periodic, 22-2, A-70
precedence, 55-10
property, 29-10
saturation, 29-10
standard normal, 11-7
steam, 29-10
superheat, 29-11
Tail
curve, 11-7
race, 18-24
Tailwater, 18-24
depression, 18-24

M A N U A L

Takeoff, 55-3
branch, 36-19
viewer, 55-3
Tall building, infiltration, 32-6
Tandem seal, 42-16
Tangent
bulk modulus, 14-14
hyperbolic, 6-4, 6-5
law of, 6-5
plane, 8-5
point, 7-2
Tangential
turbine, 18-21 (ftn)
velocity, 18-22
Tangible property, 54-20 (ftn)
Tank
above-ground storage, 41-1
aeration, 27-8
car, 51-1
contact, 27-4
detritus, 26-6
discharge, 17-16, 17-17 (fig)
pressurized, 17-18
reactor, 42-7
sedimentation, 24-5
septic, 26-2
skimming, 26-7
stabilization, 27-4
storage, 41-1
surge, 17-39
time to empty, 17-19
underground, 40-20
upflow, 24-12
Tanker, rail, 51-1, 51-2
Tap hole, 15-3
Tapered
aeration, 27-3
diameter changes, 17-13
energy, 24-12
flocculation, 24-12
Tapeworm, 44-2 (tbl)
Tar
coal, epoxy, 16-11
pipe coating, 16-11
Target
efficiency, fractional, 38-27
species, 53-3
substance, 53-3
Taste in water, 24-15
Tax
bracket, 54-25
credit, 54-25
Taxation
check the box, 56-3 (ftn)
double, 56-2
Taylors
formula, 8-8
series, 8-8
T-delta rosette, 53-12
t-distribution, Students, 11-8
TDS (see also Total dissolved solids), 31-13
Technical Manual, OSHA, A-150
Technician, 51-3
Technology
best available, 42-2
clean room, 32-11
control, maximum achievable, 38-3
Tedlar bag, 37-19
Temperature, 29-17
absolute, 29-4
adiabatic flame, 37-15, 37-16
and pressure, normal, 37-3
autoignition, 37-8, 51-6
boiling, 51-4
coefficient, 53-5
combustion, 37-15
constant, 30-2
constant, closed system, 30-8
conversion, SI, A-3, A-5
dew-point, 31-2
difference, equivalent, 34-3
difference, log mean, 38-33
dissociation, 37-16 (ftn)
dry-bulb, 31-1, 31-6

effect on output, 53-12

equivalent chill, 46-18
flame, 37-15
flue gas, 37-14
ignition, 37-8
inside design, 33-2, 34-3
inversion, 30-3
maximum flame, 37-16 (ftn)
maximum theoretical combustion,
37-15, 37-16
net stack, 37-14
overshoot, 35-2
reference, 53-6
rise, 13-4
saturation, 29-4
scale, absolute, 29-4, 29-5
scales, 29-4
surface, 10-10
swing, 32-7
T250, 37-3
variation constant, 25-8
wet-bulb, 31-2
wet-bulb globe, 46-15
Temporary hardness, 22-21
Ten States Standards, 25-2, 27-5,
A-88, A-89
Tendency, central, 11-12
Tendonitis, 46-22
Tennis elbow, 46-21
Tenosynovitis, 46-22
Tens complement, 53-16
Tensiometer, 21-2
Tension, surface, 14-11
Tensor, 5-1
Term
differential, 9-1
general, 3-10
harmonic, 9-6
in a sequence, 3-10
settling velocity, 38-22
Terminal
box, variable air volume, 36-3
box, VAV, 36-3
point, 5-1
pressure, 36-30
unit, 36-3
value, 54-16
velocity, 17-43
velocity, duct, 36-30
Terms, separation of, 9-3
Ternary compound, 22-5
Tertiary
compound, 22-5
pond, 26-4
treatment, 26-3
Test (see also type)
BOD, 25-9
comparison, 3-12
double-ring infiltration, 21-9
financial, 54-34, 54-35
for convergence, 3-12
hypothesis, 11-16
isokinetic, 37-19
power of the, 11-15
practicable alternatives, 28-11
proof, 11-9
ratio, 3-12
sliding plate viscometer, 14-6
three-edge bearing, 16-11
Testing, boiler feedwater, 22-23
Tetanus, 46-25
Textured synthetic cap, 39-5
Theis equation, 21-7
Theorem, 10-6
Bayes, 11-4
binomial, 3-3
Buckingham pi-, 1-10
buoyancy, 15-14
Cauchy-Schwartz, 5-3
central limit, 11-14
de Moivres, 3-8
Gibbs, 29-19
Kutta-Joukowsky, 17-41
linearity, 10-6

Nernst, 29-6
of calculus, fundamental, 9-4
of Fourier, 9-6
of Pappus, 9-5
of Pappus-Guldinus, 2-3
parallel axis, 2-4
perpendicular axis, 2-6
Pythagorean, 6-2
superposition, 10-6
time-shifting, 10-6
transfer axis, 2-4
Theoretical
horsepower, 17-15
yield, 22-8
Theory
kinetic gas, 29-17
Prandtls boundary layer, 17-44
probability, 11-3
Therm (unit), 13-1, 33-1 (ftn)
Thermal
ballast, 42-13
coefficient of expansion, 14-13 (ftn)
cracking, 37-2
desorption, 42-22
efficiency, 30-11, 37-17
energy, 13-4 (ftn)
equilibrium, 29-4, 30-5
flywheel effect, 33-5
incineration, 38-32
incinerator, 38-32 (fig)
inertia, 33-5
lag, 33-5
neutron, 49-8 (tbl)
NOx, 40-14
properties, A-131
resistance, 33-2 (ftn)
resistance, coefficient of, 53-6
stress, 46-14
unit, British, 29-5
Thermistor, 53-6
Thermocouple, 53-6
constants, A-164, A-165
material, 53-7
thermoelectric constants, A-164, A-165
Thermodynamic
basic relations, 30-6
disc steam trap, 16-14
state, 29-2, 29-4
system, 30-1
Thermodynamics, 29-2
first law of, 30-2 (ftn)
first law of, closed system, 30-4
first law of, open system, 30-5
second law of, 29-7 (ftn), 30-12
third law of, 29-6
zeroth law of, 29-4
Thermoelectric constant, 53-7, A-164, A-165
Thermometer resistance, 53-5
Thermophile, 44-1
Thermopile, 53-7
Thermostat, 35-1
immersion, 35-2
mixing, 35-2
outside air, 35-2
setback, 33-7
setback, conservation through, 33-7
Thermostatic steam trap, 16-14
Thickening
batch gravity, 27-14
dissolved air flotation, 27-14
gravity, 27-14
gravity belt, 27-15
sludge, 27-14
Thickness
-diameter ratio, 36-14 (fig)
half-value, 46-14
shield, 49-2, 49-3, 49-8
Thiem equation, 21-6
Thiessen method, 20-2
Third
law of thermodynamics, 29-6
moment about the mean, 11-14

I-47

Thixotropic
fluid, 14-7
liquid, 14-7
THM, 23-10, 40-21
Thompson effect, 53-7 (ftn)
Thoracic
fraction, 40-9
outlet syndrome, 46-22
Threaded fitting, 17-12 (ftn)
Threadworm, 44-2 (tbl)
Three
-dimensional mensuration, A-10
-edge bearing test, 16-11
-phase electricity, 52-10
-reservoir problem, 17-22
Threshold, 45-7
limit value, 32-10, 45-12, 46-3
limit value, ceiling, 45-12
limit value, noise, 46-11
odor number, 24-15
of audibility, 50-4
of hearing, 46-9, 50-7
of pain, 46-9, 50-4
quantities, 51-4
vector, 39-5
Throat radius, 36-19
Throttling
process, 30-2, 30-3, 30-10
range, 35-5
service valve, 16-12
steady-flow system, 30-10
Throw, 36-30
ratio, 36-30
Thymus, 45-5
Ticks, 46-25
Tidal
freshwater marsh, 28-2
hydroperiod, 28-3 (tbl)
salt marsh, 28-2
Tie
bus, 35-7
line, 35-7
Tile
bed, 26-2
field, 26-2
Time (see also type)
averaging, 47-9, 51-8
base, 20-7
bed residence, 42-7
breakthrough, glove, 46-5
constant, 3-11
-cost trade-off, 55-9
crash, 55-9
decoloration, 25-13
detention, 24-6, 26-7
doubling, 3-11, 54-8
e-folding, 3-11
filtration, 42-6
float, 55-11
hydraulic detention, 27-8
lag, 20-11
mean cell residence, 27-8
mean residence, 26-7
mission, 11-9
of concentration, 20-3
retention, 24-6, 26-7
retention, hydraulic, 27-7
-series analysis, 9-8 (ftn)
settling, 35-2
-shifting theorem, 10-6
slack, 55-11
stabilization, 25-13
to double, 54-8
to empty tank, 17-19
to peak, 20-11
to triple, 54-8
tripling, 54-8
value of money, 54-5
-weighted average, 32-10, 45-12, 46-12,
47-9, 50-12
Timed two-position control, 35-5
Tip speed, 18-4
Tipping fee, 39-2

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INDEX - T

I N D E X

I-48

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - T

Tire
-derived fuel, 37-4
discarded, 40-21
Tissue
subcutaneous, fatty, 45-2
weighting factor, 48-6
weighting factor, organ, 48-9
Titania, 37-4 (ftn)
Titration, 23-2
TKN, 25-14
TLV, 45-12
-C, 45-12
-STEL, 45-12
hazardous concentration, 46-4 (tbl)
Tobacco smoke
environmental, 38-36
mainstream, 38-36
Toe dam, 15-11
Ton, 1-7
TON (see also Threshold odor
number), 24-15
cooling, 34-2
explosives, 1-7
freight, 1-7
long, 1-7, A-3, A-4
measurement, 1-7
metric, 1-7
of explosive power, 1-7
of refrigeration, A-3, A-5
refrigeration, 1-7
short, 1-7, A-3, A-4
Tone, pure, 50-4
Tonne, 1-7
Top, cap, 39-5
Torque
conversion, SI, A-3, A-5
electrical motor, 52-12
hydrostatic, 15-11
meter, 53-13, 53-14
on a gate, 15-11
pump shaft, 18-11
Torr, A-3, A-4
Torricelli equation, 17-17
Torricellis speed of efflux, 17-17
Torsion
balance, Du Nouy, 14-11 (ftn)
dynamometer, 53-13
Tort, 56-6
action, 56-6
strict liability in, 56-7
Torus formula, A-10
Total
coliform, 44-4
cost, 54-33
cross section, 49-7
discharge head, 18-7
dissolved solids, 23-9, 24-19, 31-13
effective dose equivalent, 48-4
efficiency, 36-6
energy, 16-2, 16-4
energy line, 17-15
equivalent temperature difference, 34-3
fixed solids, 23-9
flux method, 50-3
hardness, 22-21
head, 16-2, 18-6, 18-7
heat, 29-5, 29-8
heat removal process, 34-8 (fig)
Kjeldahl nitrogen, 25-14
lime, 24-9
metal (in wastewater), 25-14
nitrogen, 23-8, 25-14
phosphorous, 23-7
pressure, 16-2, 29-18, 36-3
pressure method, 36-29
rainfall, 20-17
removed fraction, 24-6
residual chlorine, 40-8
residual oxidant, 26-13
resistance, 33-2
solids, 23-9, 25-6
specific energy, 16-2 (ftn)
suction head, 18-6, 18-7

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R E F E R E N C E

suspended solids, 23-9

volatile solids, 23-9
Tower
cooling, 31-12
direct-condensing, 31-14
dry cooling, 31-14
fill, 31-12 (ftn)
forced, draft, 31-12
indirect-condensing dry cooling, 31-14
load, 31-13
losses, 31-12
oxidation, 26-9
packed, 38-29 (fig), 42-3, 42-20
spray, 38-29, 42-2, 42-20
tray, 42-20
unit, 31-13
Town gas, 37-8 (ftn)
Toxaphene, 40-17
Toxic
air, 40-2
chemical, A-158
shock syndrome, 46-26
Toxicant, 45-3
Toxicity, 23-8, 46-2
dilution, 32-10
leaching characteristic, 40-2
pulmonary, 45-3
reproductive, 45-6
test, acute, 45-7
test, chronic, 45-7
Toxin, biological, 46-23
Toxoplasma gondii, 46-25
Toxoplasmosis, 46-25
T-p diagram, 30-3
Trace, organic, 26-3
Tracking, fast, 55-9
Trade-in allowance, 54-18
Trading, emission, 38-2
Traditional organochlorine pesticide, 40-17
Tranquil flow, 19-16
Transaction, short-term, 54-3
Transcendental function
circular, 6-2
derivative, 8-2
integral of, 9-1
Transducer, 15-2, 35-1
potentiometer, 53-3
Transfer, 11-22
axis theorem, 2-4
efficiency, 24-4
efficiency, oxygen, 27-9
function method, 34-3
heat, 27-17
overall coefficient of heat, 33-2
unit, 42-22
unit, height of, 42-22
units, number, 42-19
Transform
fast Fourier, 9-8
Laplace, 10-5, A-12
Transformation, 11-22, 38-9
coefficient of, 5-3
matrix, 5-3
Transformer, 52-6
Transgranular, 22-19
Transition
channel, 19-16
element, 22-4
metal, 22-4 (ftn)
region, 16-7
zone, 27-14
Translucent material, 50-4
Transmissible vector, 5-1 (ftn)
Transmission
coefficient, 50-11
dynamometer, 53-13
loss, 33-1, 50-11
Transmissivity, 21-3
coefficient of, 21-3
Transmittance, smoke, 40-20
Transonic travel, 14-15
Transparent, 50-4
material, 50-4

M A N U A L

Transport
mechanism, 11-22
process, 30-2
Transpose, 4-5
Transverse
axis, 7-11
pressure, 17-28
sensitivity factor, 53-9
wave, 50-5
Trap, steam, 16-14
float, 16-14
inverted bucket, 16-14
thermodynamic disc, 16-14
thermostatic, 16-14
Trapezoid formula, A-8, A-9
Trapezoidal
channel, 19-7, 19-8, 19-9
channel conveyance factor, A-70, A-73
cross section, 19-8 (fig)
rule, 7-1
weir, 19-13
Trapping, plume, 38-17 (fig)
Trash, 37-4
rack, 24-3, 26-6
Trauma
acoustic, 46-10
disorder, cumulative, 46-21
Travel
hypersonic, 14-15
supersonic, 14-15
transonic, 14-15
Traverse
point, 37-20
sampling points, 37-20 (fig)
Tray tower, 42-20
Treatment
advanced wastewater, 26-3
all-volatile, 22-24
caustic phosphate, 22-24
leachate, 39-8, 40-13
methods, water supply, 24-4
plant, wastewater, 26-3
preliminary, 26-3
primary, 26-3
secondary, 26-3
shock, 25-5
tertiary, 26-3
wastewater, 42-22
zero-solids, 22-24
Trench
anchor, 39-4
method, landfill, 39-2
Treponema pallidum (subspecies
pallidum), 46-25
Triad, Cartesian, 5-2
Triadimenol, 40-18
Trial, 11-3
successive, 11-5
Triangle, 6-2
formula, A-8
general, 6-5 (fig)
oblique, 6-5
Pascals, 3-3
right, 6-2
similar, 6-2
special, 6-2
spherical, 6-6
Triangular
channel, 19-7
matrix, 4-2
unit hydrograph, 20-12
weir, 19-13
Triazine, 40-17
Trichinosis, 44-2 (tbl)
Trichlorophenol, 23-10
Trickling filter, 26-8
Trigger finger, 46-22
Trigonometric
form, 3-7
function, 6-2
functions in a unit circle, 6-3 (fig)
identity, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5
Trigonometry, spherical, 6-6

Trihalomethane, 23-10, 40-21

Trihedral angle, 6-6
Trioxide, sulfur, 37-4, 40-20
Triple
cross product, 5-5
integral, 9-3
point property, 29-8
product, mixed, 5-4, 5-5
scalar product, 5-5
Triplex pump, 18-2
Tripling time, 54-8, 54-9
Tritium, 22-2
Trivial solution, 3-7 (ftn)
Tropical floodplain hydroperiod, 28-3 (fig)
Tropopause, 15-13 (ftn)
Troposphere, 15-13 (ftn), 38-14
True color, in water, 23-8
Trunk, 25-2
duct system, 36-13
system, reducing, 36-13
Truss, pipe, 16-10, 25-4
T-s diagram, 30-4
TSS, 46-26, A-88, A-89
Tube (see also Tubing)
impact, 16-4
piezometer, 15-2
pitot, 16-4
stagnation, 16-4
static pressure, 15-2
Tubeaxial fan, 36-4
Tuberculosis, 44-2 (tbl), 46-26
Tubing
boiler, A-48
brass, A-47
copper, 16-9, A-47
Tubular flow, 27-6
Tumor, 45-9
benign, 45-9
malignant, 45-9
Tunnel
duct, mine, 36-32
wind, 17-42
Turbid water, 23-9
Turbidity, 23-8
unit, nephelometric, 23-8
Turbine, 17-15
axial-flow, 18-23
Francis, 18-23
high-head, 18-21
impulse, 17-36, 18-21
meter, 17-27
power, 17-36, 18-22
propeller, 18-23
radial-flow, 18-23
reaction, 18-23
runner, 18-21
specific speed, 18-21
type, 18-23
Turbulent flow, 16-7, 17-5
Turns ratio, 52-6
TWA (see also Time-weighted average),
45-12, 46-12, 50-12
Twaddell scale, 14-5 (ftn)
Two
-angle formula, 6-4
-dimensional mensuration, A-8
-dimensional space, vector in, 5-1 (fig)
-in-series activated carbon adsorption,
38-31 (fig)
-in-series, lead-follow mode, 38-31
lines, angle, 7-8
-metal corrosion, 22-18
-point form, 7-5
points, distance, 7-7
-position control, 35-2
-stage dust collectors, 36-32
-stage process, 24-16
-stage trickling filter, 26-10
-tail confidence limit, 11-16
Twos complement, 53-16
Type
I error, 11-15
I settling, 24-5 (ftn)

II error, 11-15
II settling, 24-5 (ftn)
air conditioning system, 35-1
cover, 20-17
-n flow, culvert, 19-29
number, 3-1
of flow, 19-2
of valves, 16-13 (fig)
Typhoid fever, 44-2 (tbl)
Typical controls integration, 35-2

U
U
-tube manometer (see also
Manometer), 15-2
-waste, 40-3
U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 45-7
UDDS test, 38-35
UEL, 46-3
hazardous concentration, 46-4 (tbl)
UFL, 46-3
Ulnar
artery aneurysm, 46-22
nerve entrapment, 46-22
ULPA, 32-11
Ultimate
analysis, 22-6, 22-7, 37-2
BOD, 25-9
CO2, 37-13
Ultra
fast neutron, 49-8
-low penetration air, 32-11
Ultrafilter, 24-14
Ultralow NOx burner, 42-15
Ultrasonic flowmeter, 17-28
Ultraviolet radiation, 24-21
Unaccounted-for water, 24-25
Unadjusted basis, 54-21
Unavailable combined residual, 25-13
Unbiased estimator, 11-12, 11-13
Unbonded strain gauge, 53-8 (ftn)
Unburned fuel loss, 37-16
Uncertainty analysis, 54-44
Unconfined aquifer, 21-1, 21-2
Underground
storage tank, 40-20
water, 21-1
Undetermined coefficients, method of,
3-6, 10-4
Uniform
annual cost, equivalent, 54-7
attack corrosion, 22-19
exam, 58-2
flow, 16-9, 19-2, 19-4, 19-6
gradient factor, 54-8
series cash flow, 54-3
Uniformity, coefficient of, 21-5
Union set, 11-1
Unit
air handling (AHU), 32-11, 35-2, 36-3
angstrom, A-1, A-2
base, 1-5
blower-coil, 36-3
British thermal, 29-5
circle, 6-1
derived, 1-6 (tbl)
fan-coil, 36-3, 36-4
hydrograph, 20-8
hydrograph, NRCS dimensionless, 20-12
hydrograph, synthetic, 20-11, 20-12
hydrograph, synthetic, Espey, 20-12
hydrograph, triangular, 20-12
hyperbola, 6-5
impulse function, 10-6
make-up air, 36-3
matrix, 4-2
nephelometric turbidity, 23-8
non-SI, 1-7
number of transfer, 42-19
open window, 50-10
package, 36-3

I-49

primary, 1-7
rayl, 50-6
resistance, 33-2
rooftop, 36-3
SI, 1-5
SI conversion, A-3
sphere, 6-6
step function, 10-6
terminal, 36-3
tower, 31-13
transfer, 42-22
vector, 5-2
vector, Cartesian, 5-2 (fig)
velocity, 21-4 (ftn)
weight, 14-5
Unitary equipment, 35-1
Units
consistent system of, 1-2
of pressure, 14-2
of production depreciation, 54-22
radiation, 46-12
SI derived, 1-5, 1-6
supplementary, 1-6 (tbl)
Universal
gas constant, 14-10, 29-14, 29-15 (tbl),
38-8 (tbl)
gas law, 38-8
set, 11-1
Universe, 11-3, 30-1
Unreinforced membrane, 39-4
Unsaturated
air, 31-2
hydrocarbon, 37-2, 43-2 (tbl)
Unsteady flow, well, 21-6
Unsupported membrane, 39-4
Unweighted
response, 50-6
sum, 50-8
Upflow tank, 24-12
Upgrade, coal, 37-5
Uplift
force, 21-9
pressure, 21-9
Upper
bound, 9-4
confidence limit, 47-12
explosive limit, 46-3
flammable limit, 46-3, 51-5 (fig)
limit, 9-4
Upstream control, 19-21
Urban Dynamometer Driving
Schedule, 38-35
Urea, 40-15 (ftn)
Usage, electrical, 52-7
Useful life, 54-20
UST, 40-20
Utilization
coefficient of, 50-3
factor, 50-3

V
v-belt
fan, 36-8 (ftn)
load factor, fan, 36-8
V-notch weir, 19-13
Vacuum, 14-3
drum filter, 27-18
extraction, 42-22
valve, 16-14
Vadose zone, 21-1
Valence, 22-1
Value (see also type)
alpha-, 53-5
analysis, 54-44
average (by integration), 9-4, 54-30
book, 54-23
boundary, 10-1
ceiling, 32-10
characteristic, 4-8
Dulong and Petit, 29-8
effective, 52-4
engineering, 54-44, 55-2

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I N D E X

I-50

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - V

expected, 11-9, 54-30

face, 54-29
heating, 37-14
initial, 9-4, 10-1
limiting, 3-9
market, 54-23
of money, time, 54-5
of z, 11-16 (tbl)
residual, 54-16, 55-7
root-mean-squared, 11-12, 11-13
salvage, 54-18
standard normal, 11-7, 11-13
terminal, 54-16
threshold limit, 32-10, 45-12
Valve, 16-12
air release, 16-12
air, siphon, 16-14
altitude, 24-24, 24-25
angle, 16-12
angle lift, 16-12
antireversal, 16-12
ball, 16-12
butterfly, 16-12
characteristics, 16-13
check, 16-12
combination air, 16-14
diagram, 16-13 (tbl)
double orifice air, 16-14
equivalent length, A-55
flow coefficient, 17-13
gate, 16-12
globe, 16-12
lift, 16-12
make-or-break, 16-14
needle, 16-12
nonreverse flow, 16-12
plug, 16-12
pressure-relief, 17-39, 51-2
relief, 16-12
safety, 16-12
safety, full-lift, 16-12
safety, high-lift, 16-12
safety, low-lift, 16-12
safety relief, 16-12
shutoff service, 16-12
slow-closing, 17-39
swing, 16-12
throttling service, 16-12
types, 16-13 (fig)
vacuum, 16-14
Y-, 16-12
van der Waals
equation of state, 29-20
force, 29-20
Vane, 17-35
inlet, 36-7
Vaneaxial fan, 36-6
Vapor
condensing, 42-22
dome, 29-3
/gas, mixture, 29-2
-hazard ratio number, 46-5
incinerator, 42-15
-liquid mixture, properties of, 29-13
pressure, 14-9, 31-2, 46-2, 51-4
pressure head, 18-6 (ftn)
pressure, moist air, 31-2
pressure, Reid, 40-10
properties of superheated, 29-14
saturated, 29-2
saturated, properties of, 29-14
specific gravity, 51-4 (tbl)
superheated, 29-2, 29-3
Vaporization, latent heat of, 29-8
Variable, 3-2
air volume box, 36-3
air volume terminal box, 36-3
-area meter, 17-27
-capacitance transducer, 53-4
cost, 54-32, 55-9
dependent, 3-2
dimension of, 1-8 (tbl)
flow rate, 36-7
frequency drive, 36-8

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R E F E R E N C E

independent, 3-2
-inductance transducer, 53-4
matrix, 4-6
-pitch pulley, 36-8
reduced, 29-20
-reluctance transducer, 53-4
resistor, 53-3
speed fan drive, 36-7
standard normal, 11-13
Variance
account, 54-36
burden, 54-36
sample, 11-13
Variate, standard normal, 11-13
Variation
coefficient, 47-5
coefficient of, 11-13
in water demand, 24-22
Manning constant, 19-5
of parameters, 10-4
wastewater flow, 25-2 (tbl)
Varied flow, 19-21
Varying n-value, 19-5
VAV
box, 36-3
box, dual duct, 36-13
terminal box, 36-3
VBI, 14-16
VBN, 14-16
Vector, 5-1
addition, 5-3
biological, 39-5
bound, 5-1 (ftn)
Cartesian unit, 5-2
characteristic, 4-8
cross product, 5-4 (fig)
dot product, 5-3 (fig)
equal, 5-1
equivalent, 5-1 (ftn)
field, curl, 8-7
field, divergence, 8-7
fixed, 5-1 (ftn)
function, 5-5
gradient, 8-5
in two-dimensional space, 5-1 (fig)
multiplication, 5-3
normal line, 8-6
normal to plane, 7-6
orthogonal, 5-3
phasor form, 5-2
polar form, 5-2
rectangular form, 5-2
resultant, 5-3
sliding, 5-1 (ftn)
threshold, 39-5
transmissible, 5-1 (ftn)
triple product, 5-5
unit, 5-2
Vehicle
low emission, 38-35
zero emission, 38-35
Veil, corporate, piercing, 56-3
Velocity, 46-9
acoustic, 14-14, 50-5
actual filtering, 42-6
apparent, 21-4
average, 16-8
bulk, 16-8
centerline, 16-8
coefficient of, 17-17, 17-29
conversion, SI, A-3, A-5
critical, 24-6
critical settling, 24-7
critical, sludge, 18-5, 18-6
Darcy, 21-4
design filtering, 42-5
difference, relative, 17-35
distribution, 16-7, 19-2
drift, 38-25, 42-8, 42-9
effective, 21-4
effective drift, 42-9
effective wind, 32-6
electric wind, 38-25
energy, 16-1 (ftn)

M A N U A L

equivalent, 21-3
equivalent wind, 32-6
face, 42-5
filtering, 38-20, 42-5
flooding, 42-2
flow-through, 24-5
gradient, 14-6, 17-14, 24-11
gross filtering, 42-5
Hazen-Williams, 19-6
head, 18-6
jet, 17-17
lifting, water, 21-5
maximum, erodible channels, 19-26
maximum, fluid, 17-3
maximum, open channel, 19-26
mean, open channel, 19-2
migration, 42-9
minimum, open channel, 19-2
mixing, 24-11
net filtering, 42-5
net net filtering, 42-5
of approach, 16-4, 17-16, 17-17, 17-31
of approach factor, 17-29
of whirl, 18-11 (ftn)
overland flow, 20-5
paddle, relative, 24-11
pore, 21-4
potential function, 17-3
pressure, 32-6, 36-3
profile, 16-8
propagation, 50-5
ratio, pump, 18-3
reaction, 22-13
-reduction method, 36-24
scouring, 26-6
seepage, 21-4
self-cleansing, 19-2, 20-3 (ftn), 25-4
settling, 17-43, 24-5, 24-6, 38-4
sewer, 25-4
sonic, 14-14, 50-5
superficial, 38-20
tangential, 18-22
terminal, 17-43
terminal, duct, 36-30
terminal settling, 38-22
unit, 21-3
volume, 50-6
wave, 19-18
Velz
decay rate, 26-11
equation, 26-11
Vena contracta, 17-17, 17-30 (ftn)
Veneer failure, 39-5
Venn diagram, 11-2 (fig)
Ventilation, 32-1, 46-5, 46-8
air, 33-3
and infiltration, 34-4
clothing, 46-15
dilution, 32-10, 46-8
efficiency, 32-4
energy to warm, 33-1
for heat removal, 32-8
mold, 32-8
multizone, 32-4
outdoor air, 32-3
rate procedure, 32-2
standard, 32-2
zone, 32-3
Venturi
discharge coefficients, 17-30 (fig)
effect, 17-29
meter, 17-29, 17-30 (fig)
meter performance, 17-29
scrubber, 42-18
scrubber collection efficiency, 42-19
Vers function, 6-4
Versed
cosine, 6-4
sine, 6-4
Versine, 6-4
Vertex
angle, 6-1
parabola, 7-10

Vertical
angle, 6-2
plane surface, hydrostatic pressure
on, 15-7 (fig)
VFD, 36-7
Vibration syndrome, 46-22
Vibrio cholerae, 44-2 (tbl)
VIC, 40-22
Viewer takeoff, 55-3
Villi, 45-3
Virial
coefficient, 29-20
equation of state, 29-20
Viron particle, 44-3
Virus, 44-1, 44-2 (tbl), 44-3, 46-23
Ebola, 46-26
Marburg, 46-26
Viscometer
concentric cylinder, 14-6 (ftn)
cup-and-bob, 14-6 (ftn)
Saybolt, 14-6 (ftn)
test, 14-6
Viscosity, 14-6
absolute, 14-6 (ftn)
Bingham-plastic limiting, 17-12
blending index, 14-16
blending number, 14-16
coefficient of, 14-6
conversion, 14-8, 14-9 (tbl)
conversion chart, A-27
conversion, SI, A-3, A-5
dynamic, 14-6 (ftn)
effect on head loss, 17-11
grade, 14-9
index, 14-9
index chart, A-28
kinematic, 14-8, 16-7
Newtons law of, 14-6, 14-7
non-Newtonian, 17-12
power law, 17-12
water, A-19
Viscous flow, 16-7
Visit, site, 55-3
Vitrification, 42-4, 42-22
Vitrified clay, pipe, 16-9, 25-4
VOC, 25-14, 38-6, 40-20, 40-22
Void
ratio, 21-2
region, 7-3
Vol, hi-, sampler, 38-11
Volatile
acid, 44-6
dissolved solids, 23-9
inorganic compound, 40-22
liquid, 14-10, 22-10 (ftn)
matter, 37-5
organic chemical, 25-14
organic compound, 25-14, 38-6,
38-8, 40-22
solids, 23-9, 25-6, 27-4
suspended solids, 23-9
Volatility, 37-6
Voltage, 52-2
deflection, 53-10
divider, 52-4
drop, 52-3
induced, 17-27
motor, 52-17
regulation, 52-11, 52-12
Voltammetric sensor, 53-3
Volume
closed system, constant, 30-8
constant, 30-2
control, 30-1
conversion, SI, A-3, A-5
damper, 36-24
flow conversion, SI, A-3, A-6
index, sludge, 27-5
mensuration, A-10
mensuration of three-dimensional, A-10
molar, 22-6, 38-8
molar specific, 29-5
of a fluid, 14-1
of revolution, 2-3 (fig), 9-5

partial, 29-18
ratio, 29-11
settled sludge, 27-6
sludge, 27-10, 27-12
sludge, water treatment, 24-12
specific, 14-4, 29-5, 38-8
velocity, 50-6
wastewater, 25-1, 25-2
Volumetric
air flow rate, 27-10
analysis, 37-2
efficiency, pump, 18-3
flow rate, 17-3
fraction, 29-18, 37-2, 51-4
loading, 27-8
strain, 14-14
-weighted average, 38-8
Vortex
double, 42-7
shedding, 36-31
Vorticity, 8-7

W
Wake, drag, 17-41
Wall, 33-2
and roofs, instantaneous cooling
load, 34-3
heat transfer, 33-2
shear stress factor, 17-5 (ftn)
thickness-diameter ratio, 36-14 (fig)
Warming, global, 38-38, 40-10
WAS, 27-2, 27-14
Washer, air, 31-10 (ftn)
adiabatic, 31-10
Washing, soil, 42-20
Washout
sludge, 27-13
solids, 27-13
Wastage rate, 27-8
Waste (see also type), 40-2
-activated sludge, 27-2, 27-14
autogenous, 42-11 (ftn)
decomposition end products, 44-5
extrinsic, 40-2
fuel, 37-4
intrinsic, 40-2
K-, 40-3
municipal solid, 39-1
overautogenous, 42-11 (ftn)
P-, 40-3
solid, municipal, 40-14
subautogenous, 42-11 (ftn)
-to-energy facility, 39-10
-to-steam plant, 39-10
U-, 40-3
Wastewater, 42-22
characteristics, 25-6
compositing, 25-15
domestic, 25-1
industrial, 25-2, 25-8, 26-1
municipal, 25-2
peaking factors, 25-2
pump, 18-5, 26-3
quantity, 25-1, 25-2
reclamation, 26-13
sanitary, 25-1
sludge quantity, 27-13
standard, 25-15
standards, industrial, 26-1
tests, 25-8
treatment, 42-22
treatment plant, 26-3
volume, 25-1, 25-2
Wasting, 22-24 (ftn)
sludge, 27-12
Water
balance, 28-2, 28-4
balance equation, 20-2
balance, post-closure, 39-7, 40-12
brake, 53-13
budget, 28-2, 28-4
budget equation, 20-2
bulk modulus, 14-14

I-51

chemistry CaCO3 equivalents,

A-71, A-72
chemistry equivalents, A-71, A-72
Clean, Act, 28-8
compressed, properties, A-97, A-118
conductivity, 24-19
content, 21-2
deionized, 22-24
demand, 24-22
demand multipliers, 24-22
demineralized, 22-24
distribution, 24-24
estuarine, 28-2
flow, steel pipes, 17-9, A-54
gas, 37-8 (ftn)
hammer, 17-38 (fig)
hammer wave speed, 17-38
hardness, 22-21, 23-3, 23-4
hardness ions, 23-4
horsepower, 17-15, 18-8
inches of, 36-3
lifting velocity, 21-5
make-up, 22-22
of crystallization, 22-6
of hydration, 22-6
oxygen, dissolved, A-73
pipe (see also type), 24-25
pipe, Hazen-Williams, A-49
pipe, PVC dimensions, A-38, A-39, A-40
pipe, roughness, A-49
power, 18-7
pressure, 24-25
pressure drop, steel pipe, A-54
properties, A-17, A-18
quality compartment, 40-19
range, 31-13
release to, 51-8
-side economizer, 34-2
softening, 24-16
softening equivalents, A-71, A-72
spray humidification, 32-7
spray method, 32-7
stability, 24-18
storage, 24-24
subsurface, 21-1
supply chemistry, 22-20
supply demand, 24-22
supply treatment methods, 24-4
treatment chemical application
points, 24-3
treatment chemicals, A-87
treatment plant location, 24-2
unaccounted for, 24-25
underground, 21-1
vapor, 40-22
vapor pressure, A-25
viscosity, A-19
Waterborne pathogen, 44-6
Watercourse, natural, 19-10
Watershed
detention, 20-19
modeling, 20-23
retention, 20-19
Watt, 1-5
density, 33-4 (ftn)
Wave
compression, 50-5
electromagnetic, 48-1
formula, kinematic, 20-4
longitudinal, 50-5
sound, 46-9 (fig), 50-5
speed, water hammer, 17-38
standing, 19-18
surface, 19-18
surge, 19-18
transverse, 50-5
velocity, 19-18
Waveform
Fourier, 9-7
frequency, 9-6
period, 9-6
periodic, 9-6
symmetrical, 9-7 (tbl)

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

INDEX - W

I N D E X

I-52

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - Z

Wavelength, 46-9
sound, 50-5
Web, 2-4
Weber number, 1-9 (tbl), 17-47 (ftn)
similarity, 17-47 (tbl)
Weight, 1-1, 1-3, 22-7
and proportion problem, 22-8
atomic, 22-2, A-69
chemical atomic, 22-2
combining, 22-7
density, 1-3
equivalent, 22-6
formula, 22-6
fraction, 29-18
molecular, 22-6
of evidence, 45-9
specific, 14-5
unit, 14-5
Weighted
average cost, 54-31
average, time, 50-12
cost, 54-31
Weighting
agent, 24-9
factor, 48-3, 54-31
factor, neutron, 48-9
factor, radiation, 46-12
factor, tissue, 48-6
Weir, 19-10
broad-crested, 19-13
Cipoletti, 19-13
contracted, 19-11
equation, Francis, 19-11
equation, Rehbock, 19-11
length, 19-11
loading, 24-6, 26-7
loading rate, 26-7
proportional, 19-14
sharp-crested, 19-11
submerged, 19-11
suppressed, 19-11
Sutro, 19-14
trapezoidal, 19-13
triangular, 19-13
V-notch, 19-13
Weisbach equation, 17-6, 17-7
Weld, decay, 22-19
Welding fume, 46-8
Well, 21-4
artesian, 21-2
chlorine dose, 21-4
drawdown, 21-5
extraction, gas, 39-6
function, 21-7
gravel pack, 21-4
gravity, 21-2, 21-4
injection, 42-11
monitor, 21-4, 39-9
pumping power, 21-7
relief, 21-4
screen, 21-4
sterilization, 21-4
Western coal, 37-5
Wet
adiabatic lapse rate, 38-14, 38-15
-bulb depression, 31-2
-bulb globe temperature, 46-15
-bulb temperature, 31-2
scrubber, 42-2
Wetlands
anthropogenic activity, 28-6 (tbl)
average depth, 28-4
coastal, 28-1
conversion, 28-6
defined, 28-1
delineators, 28-9
farmed, 28-9
hydrology of, 28-2
hydroperiods, 28-3 (tbl)
inland, 28-2
jurisdictional, 28-1
mangrove, 28-2
mitigation, 28-11
permits, 28-10

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

protection, 28-5
protective measures, 28-7
renewal rate, 28-5
retention time, 28-5
riparian forested, 28-2
Wetted perimeter, 16-5, A-29
Weymouth formula, 17-10
Wheatstone bridge, 53-9
Whipworm, 44-2 (tbl)
Whirl, velocity of, 18-11 (ftn)
Whistle-blowing, 57-3 (ftn)
White
blood cell, 45-4
finger, 46-22
noise, 50-4
Whole air sample, 37-19
Width, pulse-, modulation, 36-8
Wind, 38-14
chill index, 46-18
infiltration, 32-6
pressure, 32-6
surface pressure coefficient, 32-6
tunnel, 17-42
velocity, effective, 32-6
velocity, electric, 38-25
velocity, equivalent, 32-6
Windage, loss, 31-13, 52-17
Windows, instantaneous cooling load from,
34-3, 34-4
Winfrey method, 54-16 (ftn)
Winter degree-days, 33-6
Wire
corona, 42-8
size, AWG, 52-8
Woman, declared pregnant, 48-12
Wood as fuel, 37-4
Work, 13-2
done by force, 13-2
done by torque, 13-2
-energy principle, 13-3, 13-4
external, 13-2
finding graphically, 30-4
flow, 13-3, 29-5, 30-6
internal, 13-2
lost, 17-4 (ftn)
net, 30-11
of a constant force, 13-2 (fig)
p -V, 13-3, 13-4, 29-5, 30-4
performed by a force, 9-4
shaft, 30-5
spring, 13-2
Workplace
biohazard, 46-23
safety, 46-1
Worm, 44-1, 44-2 (tbl), 44-4
Worth
future, 54-5
method, present, 54-14, 54-15
present, 54-5
Wound botulism, 46-25
Wye-connection, 52-11

X
X-ray
hard, 46-13
radiation, 46-13
shielding, 49-4
soft, 46-13

Y
Y
-connection, 52-5
-valve, 16-12
Yaw, angle, 17-28
Year-end convention, 54-3
Yersinia enterocolitica, 44-2 (tbl)
Yield, 22-8, 48-4, 54-28
biomass, 27-13
bond, 54-30
cell, 27-13
coefficient, 27-7, 27-13
coefficient, maximum, 25-6
mass, 39-11

M A N U A L

observed, 27-8
reservoir, 20-19
safe, 21-6
sludge, 27-13
specific, 21-3
stress, 17-12
Yuba Power, Greenman v., 56-7 (ftn)

Z
z-values for confidence level, 11-16 (tbl)
Zebra mussel, 44-4
Zeolite, 22-21
process, 22-21, 24-17
synthetic, 24-17
Zero, 3-3, 12-1
-discharge facility, 40-8
emission vehicle, 38-35
-indicating bridge, 53-9 (ftn)
-length loss, 36-18
matrix, 4-2
order reaction rate, 22-13
-solids treatment, 22-24
Zeroth law of thermodynamics, 29-4
Zonal, primary airflow, 32-4
Zone (see also type)
comfort, temperature, 46-14
discomfort, temperature, 46-14
health risk, temperature, 46-14
mixing, 38-16
neutral, 36-4
occupant, 32-3
outdoor air, breathing, 32-2
outdoor airflow, 32-3
phreatic, 21-1
site control, 47-3, 47-4 (tbl)
vadose, 21-1
ventilation, 32-3
ventilation, single-, 32-3
Zoonotic disease, 46-24
Zuber equation, 14-11