Innovative Problem Solving

Using TRIZ
Jayant R Karandikar

FME
A

Overview

FC
SPC

How do we solve problems currently?

SB
QT

FA
TO
C

5W1
H
SQC

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By avoiding
By passing the buck
By using TQM techniques
7 basic quality tools + 11 advanced quality tools
Value engineering
FMEA / flow charting / brain storming etc

VE

Overview
What happens next?
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Nothing
Get exhausted
Go to next problem &
Start all over again

Problem solving..
Is there a better way?

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TRIZ

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I invent nothing. I rediscover".

Auguste Rodin (1840-1917).
"Keep on the lookout for novel ideas
that others have used
successfully.Your idea has to be
original only in its adaptation to the
problem you're working on".
Tomas Edison (1847-1931).

TRIZ

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G. Altshuller An engineer working for

Soviet naval headquarters in 1946 as a
patent surveyor studied around 200,000
world wide patents and has evolved
philosophy, methods and tools of
inventive problem solving.

His Findings

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Most inventive patents primarily solved

an inventive problem.
Some fundamental solutions were used
over & over again often separated by
time.
An inventive problem is one which
contains conflicting requirements called
contradictions.

His Findings

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Altshuller found,
That all innovations emerge from the
application of a small no of inventive
principles and strategies.
That technology evolution trends are
highly predictable.

His Findings..

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That the strongest solution transforms

the unwanted, harmful elements of a
system into useful resources.
That the strongest solution also actively
seek out and destroy the conflicts and
trade offs most design practices assume
to be fundamental.

The levels of inventions

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Level one: Routine design problems solved by

methods well known within the specialty. No
invention needed. About 32% of the solutions
fell into this level.
Level two. Minor improvements to an existing
system, by methods known within the industry.
Usually with some compromise. About 45% of
the solutions fell into this level.
Level three. Fundamental improvement to an
existing system, by methods known outside the
industry. Contradictions resolved. About 18% of
the solutions fell into this category.

The levels of inventions

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Level four: A new generation that uses a new

principle to perform the primary functions of
the system. Solution found more in science
than in technology. About 4% of the solutions
fell into this category.
Level five: A rare scientific discovery or
pioneering invention of essentially a new
system. About 1% of the solutions fell into this
category.

Saturation
Mature

Birth

Time

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Value/Ideality

The S Curve

TRIZ

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Altshuller felt that TRIZ should

1. Be a systematic, step-by-step procedure
2. Be a guide through a broad solution space
to direct to the ideal solution
3. Be repeatable and reliable and not
dependent on psychological tools

TRIZ
4. Be able to access the body of

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inventive knowledge
5. Be able to add to the body of
inventive knowledge
6. Be familiar enough to inventors by
following the general approach to
problem solving in figure 1

What Is TRIZ?
Excellence

Ideality
Resource
Functionality
Contradiction
Space/Time/Interface

Philosophy

Inventive principles IFR Su-Field

Contradiction Matrix PI tools Trimming
function Analysis Resources Subversion
Analysis

Method

Tools

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A complete problem
definition/ solving
process

What is TRIZ
We will discuss as follows:
Philosophy

Ideality
Resource Functionality
Contradiction
Space/Time/Interface

Problem definition & solving Process (This discussion)

Tools

Inventive principles
IFR
Su-Field
Contradiction Matrix
PI tools: Trimming function Analysis Resources Subversion
Analysis

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Method:

TRIZ -- Philosophy
Ideality :
We consider what should be ideal situation for a given

problem under scrutiny. This way we try to eliminate, as a

thought exercise, all constraints in the problem.

Resource Functionality:
The problems can traced to resource functionality. We use

Contradiction:
Every problem is basically a contradiction. It is necessary to

resolve this contradiction to solve a problem

Space/Time/Interface:
Space time interface is essential to understand very nature of

the problem.

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resources for carrying out our processes. It is essential that

this functionality is used to its best.

Problem Solving Current Model

Limiting effects of psychological inertia

Concept 3
Concept 5

Vector of
psychological
Inertia

Concept 1

roblem

Concept 6

olution

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Concept 2

Problem Solving TRIZ Model

Analogous
Standard
Solution

My problem

My Solution

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Analogous
Standard
Problem

TRIZ Methods -- ARIZ

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Stands for Algorithm for Inventive

Problem Solving,
Developed by Genrich Altshuller,
The original Russian version now
modified for rest of the world.
Currently ARIZ-96 in vogue.

TRIZ Methods -- ARIZ

1. Identify the right problem to solve

3. Search/apply methods for most

prospective Solution

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2. Convert / formulate it into

inventive situations

TRIZ Methods -- ARIZ

4. Implement, realize, evaluate the concept
solutions

6. Check whether the solution concept is of

generic nature. If yes, add it to the
knowledge database

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5. Verify that new drawbacks do not appear

TRIZ Methods -- ASIT

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Developed by Israeli scientist Dr Roni

Horowitz,
Consists of 2 rule and 5 tools.
Simple to understand and follow.
Can be used as a beginners course due to
simplicity, but still very powerful.

TRIZ Methods ASIT..

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Two rules:
Closed world condition
Qualitative change
Five tools
Unification
--Breaking the symmetry
Multiplication --Object removal
Division

TRIZ Tools
Inventive principles
Contradiction Matrix
IFR
Su-Field
PI tools: Trimming function Analysis
Resources Subversion Analysis

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TRIZ Tools .
Inventive principles and Technical Parameters:
The greatness of inventor of TRIZ G. Altschuller
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is seen in this. He found that almost all patents

have at least one of the fundamental principle in
nature behind it. He researched these principles.
These are 40 in number and are listed below.
These principles operate through technical
parameters. Altschuller found that there are 39
technical parameters involved in patent application.
These technical paramters are listed below.

40 Inventive Principles
6. Universality

2. Taking out

7. "Nested doll"

3. Local quality

8. Anti-weight

4. Asymmetry

9. Preliminary antiaction

5. Merging

10. Preliminary
action

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1. Segmentation

40 Inventive Principles

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11. Beforehand
16. Partial or
cushioning
excessive actions
12. Equipotentiality 17. Another
dimension
13. 'The other way
18. Mechanical
round'
vibration
14. Spheroidality - 19. Periodic action
curvature
15. Dynamics
20. Continuity of
useful action

40 Inventive Principles
26. Copying

22. "Blessing in
disguise" or "turn lemons
into lemonade"

27. Cheap short-living

objects

23. Feedback

28 mechanics substitution

24. 'Intermediary'

29. Pneumatics and

hydraulics
30. Flexible shells and
thin films

25. Self-service

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21. Skipping

40 Inventive Principles
36. Phase transitions

32. Color changes

37. Thermal expansion

33. Homogeneity

38. Strong oxidants

34. Discarding and

39. Inert atmosphere
recovering
35. Parameter changes 40. Composite
materials

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31. Porous materials

39 Technical Parameters
11.Stress or pressure

2. Weight of stationary object

12. Shape

3. Length of moving object

13. Stability of the object's composition

4. Length of stationary object

14. Strength

5. Area of moving object

15. Duration of action by a moving object

6. Area of stationary object

16. Duration of action by a stationary

object

7. Volume of moving object

17. Temperature
8. Volume of stationary object
18. Illumination intensity
9. Speed

19. Use of energy by moving object

10. Force
20. Use of energy by stationary object

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1. Weight of moving object

39 Technical Parameters
31. Object-generated harmful
factors

22. Loss of Energy

32. Ease of manufacture

23. Loss of substance

33. Ease of operation

24. Loss of Information

34. Ease of repair

25. Loss of Time

35. Adaptability or versatility

26. Quantity of substance/the

matter

36. Device complexity

27. Reliability

37. Difficulty of detecting and

measuring

28. Measurement accuracy

38. Extent of automation

29. Manufacturing precision

39. Productivity *

30. External harm affects the

object

31. Object-generated harmful

factors

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21. Power

Length of stationary
object

15, 8,
29,34

8, 15,
29, 34

10, 1,
29, 35

35,
28,

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Weight of moving
object
Weight of stationary
object
Length of moving
object
Length of stationary
object

Length of moving object

Improving
Feature

Weight of stationary
object

Worsening
Feature

Weight of moving
object

TRIZ Tools Contradiction Matrix

TRIZ Tools-- Ideal Final Result

Direction of search
Today

Some
where in
future

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Definition : the ideal final result (IFR)

describes
The solution to a technical problem,
independent of the mechanism or
constraints of the original problem

TRIZ Tools-- Ideal Final Result

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Implies :
1. The ideal system occupies no space, has
no weight, requires no labor, requires no
maintenance
2. The ideal system performs useful
function without any harm or the ideal
system delivers benefit without harm
Finally the ideal system performs
without existing

TRIZ Tools -- Su-field

Adding aerated slag particles can reduce the
density of concrete.
Fchem
.

S1= cement.

H (heavy
concrete).

S2= sand &

rock..
S1= cement

& S3 = fly
ash.

Fchem
.

U (strong
concrete).

H (lighter
concrete).

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FCh = chemical
binding.

U (strong
concrete).

PI Tools-- 9 Window Operator

Pen in shop

User, pen desk

Storage Location

Prepare to write

Pen being used

to write

Refilling
disposal

System

Mfg components

Ink flowing
thru nib

Reusability etc

Subsystem

Present

Future

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Past

Super system

Summary

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TRIZ in 50 words:
Recognition that technical system evolve.
Towards the increase of ideality.
By overcoming contradictions,
Mostly with minimal introduction of resources,
Thus for creative problem solving,
TRIZ provides a dialectic way of thinking i.e.
To understand the problem as a system.
To image the ideal system first, and
To solve contradiction.

Basics of TRIZ : Four+one

Pillers..

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Contradiction: strongest invention is one

which removes contradiction.
Ideality: systems evolve towards ideality.
Ideal things achieve functions by
themselves.

Basics of TRIZ : Four+one

Pillers

Functionality:

Systems possess main useful function,

Function mapping should be for both positive
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and negative relationship,

Solutions change, functions stay the same.

Use of resources: A resources is anything in

the system which is not used to its
maximum potential.
Thinking in space, time, and interface.

Triz for beginner

Analyze the
problem
Contradiction

What to try?
IM Prediction
Evaluat
e
solutio
n?

New problem

Implement

IM Effects

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IM Principles

How to do it?