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Christoph Leser
Tension Test
Take a sample of the material and increase the load until it fails.
Simple enough BUT
For this test to be repeatable in labs around the world, the sources of
variability in the test results must be minimized.
e.g.
If one lab uses 1/4 inch diameter specimens, a lab using 1 inch diameter
specimens might get a different result.
If one lab applies load at 500 MPa/min, another lab using 1000 MPa/min
might get a different result.
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Stress - Strain
We, however, are interested in the stress-strain diagram.
Load
= engineering stress = A0
Where AO is the original area of the specimen
L-L0
0.2%
Objective
Determine the tensile properties for samples of candidate design materials. The two materials under
consideration are mild steel and an acetal copolymer. Tensile properties of interest are the yield stength,
ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and elongation at fracture.
Apparatus and Materials
1. MTS C42 electromechanical test system with TestSuite software
2. Mild steel specimens (standard round geometry; ref. ASTM E8)
3. Acetal specimens (standard "dogbone" geometry; ref. ASTM D638)
4. Micrometer or dial caliper
Principles and Background
The tension test is one of the oldest and most useful of the material property tests. The properties it determines
(elastic modulus, yield strength, elongation at fracture, to name a few) are very useful to the design engineer.
The electromechanical test system uses an electric motor and a gear train to drive one, two or four power
screws and move a crosshead up or down. The specimen is gripped between a stationary reference and the
moveable crosshead, and stretched or compressed as the crosshead moves up or down. A control system and
software can implement various control modes such as load, strain or displacement control. Historically, before
the advent of control systems, the crosshead was driven by the motor at a constant rate of displacement. While
load and strain control modes see extensive use in modern testing systems, a constant rate of displacement is
still widely used and will be the control mode used for this exercise.
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