Se

everns
side Energy
E
y Reco
overy Centre
C
e

Severn R
Road
Severnside
So
outh Glouce
estershire
BS10 7SP
7
Pro
oject Manage
er: SITA UK
K Ltd

Em
mployer: SIT
TA West Lo
ondon Ltd

Ad
ddress
SITA House
Grenfell Road
Maidenhead
6 1ES.
Berkshire SL6

5.0
Sod

Stl

Bij

Chap. 2.1;
2 2.2; 3.1; 3.2
2; 3.6.1 and 3.6.3

Sod

Stl

Bij

Chap. 2.1
2 and 3.6.1 mo
odified

Sod

Stl

Bij

Chap. 3.6.1
3
and 3.6.3 modified
m

Sod

Stl

Bij

Text ado
options, chap. 6.5
6

Z
Zsm
1
5.08.2013
Author

sod
15.08.2013
Reviewer

stl
15.08.2013
3
Approver

Bij
15.08.20
013
Reviewer EL

(Iniitials Date, Visa)

(Initials Date, Visa)

(Initials Date, Visa)

(Initials Date
e, Visa)

2.2

0
07.10.2013

2.1

19.09.2013

2.0

3
30.08.2013

1.0

2
26.08.2013

0.0
Rev

First Isssue
Short description
d
of change
c

TIII 16.03 Steel

S
stru
uctures, platform
ms, stairs
s, railings
s
Project Nr

P-3231

Project Name

AIC

DocType

S
Supplier

SER
RC

0
000000

TII

HZI

HZII Document Nr - Rev_

5
50021280
-2.2

Isssued by
Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG
G
Hardtu
urmstrasse 127
P.O
O. Box 680
8037 Zurich, Switzerland
Template Do
ocNo Rev: 50020951-1.1

www.hz-inova..com
Tel. +41
+ (0)44 277 11 11
Fax +41
+ (0)44 277 13 13

All rights reservved according to ISO

O 16016

Proje
ect Name: SE
ERC

Title:
AIC:

000000

TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Docum
ment Nr-Rev:

5002
21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG

General ............................................................................................................................................ 3

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

Purpose......................................................................................................................... 3
Scope ............................................................................................................................ 3
Definition
ns and abb
breviations ...................................................................................... 3
Further applicable
a
d
documents
s ..................................................................................... 3

1.4.1
1.4.2

Docume
ents of HZI ...............................................................................................................................3
Regulattions, standa
ards and guid
delines ...............................................................................................3

1.5

Documen
nts with execution exxamples .......................................................................... 4

Requirem
ments for geeneral structural steell engineerin
ng ......................................................... 5

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

Construcction .................................................................................................................. 5
Connecto
ors.................................................................................................................... 6
Clamp fasteners ............................................................................................................ 7
Anchors ......................................................................................................................... 7
Earthing, equipoten
ntial bondin
ng ................................................................................... 7

Requirem
ments for pllatforms, sttairs, railin
ngs and lad
dders...................................................... 9

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6

General ......................................................................................................................... 9
Platformss and walkw
ways ............................................................................................... 9
Stairs and
d stair hea
ads ................................................................................................. 10
Escape ro
outes ............................................................................................................. 10
Operating
g and main
ntenance routes
r
........................................................................... 11
Gratings and walk-o
on sheet metal
m
coverrs ................................................................. 11

3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.3

Gratingss in general ........................................................................................................................... 11

Gratingss for stairs ............................................................................................................................. 12
Sheet metal
m
covers ........................................................................................................................... 12

3.7
3.8

Railings and
a other guard
g
railss .................................................................................... 12
Ladders ....................................................................................................................... 13

Maintena
ance beamss.................................................................................................................... 15

Quality assurance ........................................................................................................................ 16

5.1
5.2

General ....................................................................................................................... 16
Welding works
w
............................................................................................................ 16

Annex............................................................................................................................................. 17

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6

Execution
n steel stru
ucture ............................................................................................ 17
Type of grating
g
and
d clamps ........................................................................................ 18
Type of bulb
b
plate ....................................................................................................... 20
Mounting
g system ......................................................................................................... 21
Earth lugs .................................................................................................................... 23
Areas witth live load
d 5 kN/m2 or
o higher ...................................................................... 24

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Genera
al

1.1

Purpose

TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings
5002
21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG

The purpose of thiss Technical Implemen

ntation Insttruction (TII) is to de
efine a uniform
f general structural steel engineering includ
ding platform
ms, stairs and railings.
standard for

1.2

Scope
This TII iss for structu
ural steel en
ngineering (supporting
(
structures)), platforms, stairs, ladders
and railing
gs on opera
ational syste
ems.

1.3

Definitions and abbrevia

ations
HZI

Hita
achi Zosen Inova
I
AG

Supplier

HZI 's sub-supp

plier

Subcontra
actor

Sup
ppliers of works
w
and plant secttions who are not ssubsuppliers of HZ
ZI

TII

HZI Technical Implementa

ation Instruction

TV

Technical instru
uction from HZI

TSD

HZI Technical Specificatio

on Docume
ent

DIN

Deu
utsches Insttitut fr Norm
mung - Gerrman Standards Institutte

EN

Euro
opean Stan
ndard

ISO

International Sttandards Organisation

1.4

Furtherr applicable docu

uments

1.4.1

Documents of HZII

1.4.2

TII 16.01

General Informattion

TII 16.02

Regullations and standards

TII 16.04

Corrosion protecction

TII 16.09

gineering an
nd metal co
onstruction
Welding, steel structural eng

TII 16.10

ur concept
Colou

Regulatio
ons, stand
dards and
d guideline
es
TII 16.02 "Standardss and norms
s" concerniing relevant rules (law
ws, ordinancces, official and
nal regulatio
ons, recom
mmendations, guideline
es, standarrds etc.) iss fundamen
ntally
profession
applicable
e.
However, the followin
ng regulatio
ons, standa
ards and gu
uidelines are
e also partiicularly rele
evant
e of this TII and must be
b observed
d:
in the case
National accident
a
pre
evention reg
gulations forr the plant lo
ocation con
ncerned.
EN 10025
5, EN 10164
4

Stteel, material general, properties

EN 1990 (EC
(
0)

Ba
asis of strucctural desig
gn

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TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Docum
ment Nr-Rev:

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21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG

EN 1991 (EC
(
1)

Acctions on sttructures

EN 1993 (EC
(
3)

Design of ste
eel structure
es

EN 1090-1
1, EN 1090-2

Exxecution of steel structtures and alluminium

sttructures

EN ISO 14
4122-1 to 4

Pe
ermanent means
m
of ac
ccess to machinery

DIN 24531
1

Gratings used as stair trreads; for stteel stairs

DIN 24537
7-1 to 3

Gratings u
used as
esignations, loads
de

EN ISO 12
2944

Co
orrosion pro
otection of steel
s
structu
ures by

floor

co
overing;

m
mass,

prrotective pa
aint systemss

1.5

EN ISO 40
017

ew up to he
ead 8.8
Hex head bolts with scre

EN ISO 40
032

Hex nuts 8

EN ISO 70
090, EN ISO
O 7089

Pllain washerrs

EN 14399
9-4

High strength
h hex bolt sets system HV 10.9

Docume
ents with
h executtion exam
mples
The Anne
ex (drawing Steel struccture Plattform and stairs
s
typica
als) contain
ns requirem
ments
for the exe
ecution of the structura
al steel elem
ments desccribed below
w. They are intended as
a an
execution description
n for the sup
pplier / subccontractor.
ution descrriptions do
o not relieve
e the supp
plier / subcontractor from
f
The proviided execu
his respo
onsibility in
n relation to static and
a
structu
ural safety and in ac
ccordance with
national/local regula
ations.

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TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Docum
ment Nr-Rev:

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21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG

Requirrements
s for general sttructura
al steel enginee
ering

2.1

Constru
uction
The suppo
orting strucctures, supp
ports, fasten
nings and suspensions
s
s used are to be desig
gned
by the su
upplier / subcontractorr for all loa
ads occurrin
ng during erection,
e
in
n operation and
during sta
andstill. All structures have to be
b easily to
o assemble
e and have
e to follow
w the
requireme
ents of the design calculation. Critical erectting conditio
ons (e.g. w
wind and sn
now)
must be ta
aken into acccount in the design ca
alculation. For
F the load assumptions, the term
ms of
EN 1991 and the national
n
app
pendices to
o the stand
dard for the location concerned are
e.
applicable
The suppo
orting strucctures gene
erally fall wiithin executtion class EXC
E
2 "Sta
atically stresssed
componen
nts with high
h load capa
acity utilisatiion" according to EN 1090.
Concernin
ng tolerance
es the strucctures have
e to meet tthe demand
ds of EN 1090-2 for basic
b
tolerancess of fabrica
ation and assembly
a
(
(appendix
D and class 2 for complemen
D1)
ntary
tolerancess (appendixx D2).
The consttruction is divided in primary (columns, main beams, main bracing) and secon
ndary
steelwork (platforms, stairs, ladd
ders, railing)).
wing limitatio
ons for the deflection under
u
servicce load havve to
For the prrimary steellwork follow
be regarde
ed in the de
esign:
Primary be
eams for boile
er and grate support:

span/750
0

Primary and secondaryy beams general:

span/500
0

Inferior bea
ams:

Span/20
00

Shear connections of
o main be
eams (shea
ar forces in z-directio
on) have to be desig
gned
en internal forces of the static ca
alculation but
b at least for 25% off the
according to the give
espective profile sectio
on.
value Vpl,z,d of the re
o structura
al steel ele
ements, it is
i necessary to ensure a corros
sionIn the construction of
atisfying DIN
N EN ISO 12 944 (partts 1 to 8).
protectable design sa
mportant to
o avoid proffiles that arre open to above so as
a to
In all strucctural steelwork it is im
avoid dep
posits. If thiis is not po
ossible, suitable dust deflectors or liquid drrains (e.g. bore
holes) must be provid
ded where feasible.
f
Floor supp
ports should
d be avoide
ed in areas of increase
ed corrosion
n stress (C4
4, C5-I and
d C5M) and re
eplaced by wall bracke
ets or ceilin
ng suspenssions. Otherwise, speccial precauttions
must be ta
aken to prevent possib
ble penetrattion of moissture into the concrete structures (e.g.
smaller wo
orks supporrted by "pla
ate supportss", where pe
ermissible: adhesive anchors, silic
cone
joint seala
ants etc.).
The supplier / subco
ontractor must send details of ne
ecessary co
oncrete basses or sepa
arate
ns to HZI in
n good time
e. The strucctural steelw
work has to be protecte
ed with an antifoundation
corrosion system acccording to TII
T 16.4.
es for the application
a
o the corro
of
osion
Structural steelwork must be acccessible frrom all side
m
ce works. Hollow box profiles
p
should be avoided, unlesss the
protection and later maintenanc
ecessary to
o choose this type of profile.
p
Hollow box pro
ofiles
statics (e.g. torsion) make it ne
w
airtig
ght.
must be welded
Screwed and
a
welded
d joints are permitted in principle
e, with prefe
erence being given to
o the
use of scrrewed jointss. Welded jo
oints must be
b welded continuous
c
sly. However, fastenin
ng by
welding to
o steel strucctures of the
e customer requires the
e approval of
o HZI.

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TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Docum
ment Nr-Rev:

000000

5002
21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG

Profiles distorted by welding must

m
be strraightened prior to insstallation or applicatio
on of
corrosion protection.
asically ma
ade in steel quality S3
355J2 G2 for the prim
mary
The steel structure shall be ba
umns, main beams, main
m
bracing) and ste
eel quality S
S235J2 G2
2 for
structure parts (colu
p
(platfo
orm beams,, stairs). Infferior parts (railing, toe
e plates, ladders
secondaryy structure parts
and gratin
ng) should b
be made of S235JR.
The junctiions of main column head-plate
h
j
joints
have to be spott-faced in order
o
to ach
hieve
rectangula
arity.
No steel parts
p
deliverred to site may
m show deep corrosiion.

2.2

Connec
ctors
Connectorrs (bolts, nuts, washe
ers, retaining rings, loccking washe
ers, thread rods, anch
hors,
wall-plugs
s etc.) are to
o be provide
ed as follow
ws:
Corrosive category "C
C1", "C2", "C3", C4:

nised
Steel, hott-dip galvan

Corrosive category C
C4:

Steel, hot-dip galv

vanised with
w
protection
n acc. TII 16
6-04

Corrosive category "C

C5-I/C5-M"::

Steel, hot-dip galv

vanised with
w
corrossion
protection
n acc. TII 16-04 or Cr-Ni-Mo
C
stteel
quality A4
4.

corrossion

In necessaryy exceptiona
al cases Cr-Ni-Mo qua
ality A4 connectors may
m be used
d for
instance for connection
ns which are
a
frequen
ntly be loo
osened. In this case HZI
pe
ermission iss necessaryy.
Co
onnector se
ets provided
d from one manufactu
urer have to
o be used according
a
to
o the
manufacturerr's instructio
ons.
No
ot preloade
ed connectio
ons have to be carried out with
Bo
olts 8.8, EN
N ISO 4017 + Nuts 8, EN
E ISO 4032
2 + washerss HK300, EN
E ISO 7089
9
Prreloaded co
onnections have
h
to be carried
c
out with
Bo
olts 10.9, EN 14399-4 + nuts 10, EN
E 14399-4
4 + washers
s HK 300, EN
E 14399-6.
Th
he excess le
ength of the
e screw thre
ead has to be
b more tha
an 1 thread pitch but le
ess 8
mm over the nut.
In necessary exceptiona
al cases Cr--Ni-Mo conn
nectors mayy be use.
In case the grip
g of bolt is equal within one con
nnection the
e length of the bolts ha
as to
e alike.
be
In areas whe
ere connectiions are exposed to vibrations ap
ppropriate m
means for sccrew
ed.
locking have to be applie
Th
he connectting elemen
nts within one conne
ection mustt have the same surrface
qu
uality.

Bolt dimen
nsions for connections
c
s of structu
ural steelwo
ork shall be at least M16,
M
howeve
er at
least M12 for steps.
m
be seccured by su
uitable mean
ns.
Threaded couplings must
ns of the bolt
In case 100% pre--tensioned HV-connectors are used, the instruction
urer and the
e applicable
e standards must be ob
bserved.
manufactu
Contact su
urfaces of pre-tensione
p
ed head pla
ate connecttions have to
t be treate
ed according
g TII
16-04.

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3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

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Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG

In worksho
op fabricatio
on all holess shall be drrilled and no
ot punched.. The diame
eter of the holes
h
shall not exceed th
he bolt-diam
meter more
e than 1.5 mm. In case
c
of not intended site
ns the hole
es should be drilled after the members
m
a assemb
are
bled and tig
ghtly
connection
clamped or
o fixed together. The finishing matching
m
holles shall no
ot be more than 1.5 mm in
diameter larger than
n the diameter of the
e bolt pass
sing through
h them, un
nless otherrwise
y HZI.
agreed by

2.3

Clamp fasteners
f
s
Inferior co
onnections and tempo
orary conne
ections with
hout remarrkable staticc load may
y be
carried ou
ut with clamps of autho
orised produ
ucers. The clamps havve to be spe
ecially spec
cified
and certified for this purpose.
p
ng the corro
osion protecction coverin
ng of clamp
ps the same
e demands are to applly as
Concernin
for bolts.
o clamps which
w
are sttrongly dam
mage the co
orrosion pro
otection of steelwork
s
iss not
The use of
allowed.
pplication off clamps HZ
ZI has to be
e asked for permission.
p
For the ap

2.4

Anchorrs
All anchorrs and fixturres on the component
c
(steel and reinforced
r
c
concrete
structure) mus
st be
indicated in an ancho
orage and foundation
f
plan. Rega
arding the submission
s
of the plan, the
ecessary static tests must
m
be included by the
e supplier/ssubcontractor in
time spent on any ne
ule.
his schedu
Overlaying
g thread of anchor boltts to be enccased in concrete has to be protected by slee
eves
before con
ncreting an
nd after asssembly of steel structu
ure. The len
ngth of the sleeves in final
state used
d for protectting the ancchors of the
e columns should
s
be equal and no
ot be more than
80 mm.
acent steel o
or reinforce
ed concrete part need to
t be taken
n into
If anchorss or fixtures in the adja
account, they must be provided in good time.
s penetrate
e chemical--resistant co
oatings of foundations, such an
nchors musst be
If anchors
authorised
d by HZI.
Anchors needed
n
subssequently must
m
be authorised by HZI and exe
ecuted as fo
ollows:

Mounting sleeves and heavy duty anchors

a
for large loadss.
Ad
dhesive do
owels and where necessary ex
xpanding dowels
d
for smaller lo
oads,
pa
articularly wall
w fixings and
a ceiling suspension
s
s

Anchors needed
n
subsequently in steel and
d reinforced concrete structures
s
ge
enerally req
quire
static testiing.
Shear forcce connections with se
everal wall-p
plug anchors should be
b carried out in a wayy that
each anch
hor is taking
g part in the load transffer.
If demand
ded these fixxtures need
d to have a permission of the locall authoritiess

2.5

Earthing, equipotential bonding

g
Earthing of
o supportss is prefera
ably achieve
ed through direct con
nnection to the founda
ation
earthing system.
s
Equ
uipotential bonding
b
within the stru
uctural steelwork must be effected
d via
cable conn
nections.

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atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Docum
ment Nr-Rev:

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Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG

On screwed connecttions of ma
ain beams a
and supporrts, threaded couplingss should no
ot be
onnect the equipotentiial bonding due to the risk of corrosion and because of the
used to co
presence of non-cond
ductive anti-corrosion coatings.
c
es, equipote
ential bonding cables (EBC)
(
and earth
e
cables (EC) shou
uld be of su
uch a
Earth plate
design and should be
e arranged in such a way
w that eq
quipotential bonding an
nd a connecction
undation earthing syste
em are con
ntinuously provided.
p
This must be
e tested byy the
to the fou
supplier / subcontracttor.
ortant that EBCs
E
and ECs are designed
d
su
uch that th
heir conducctors canno
ot be
It is impo
adversely affected byy corrosion.
od of integrration into the
t foundattion earthing
g system and in any necessary
n
e
earth
The metho
plates must be notifie
ed to HZI in good time so that the required tie
es and/or ea
arth lugs ca
an be
n the compo
onent.
included in
Any costss incurred due to retrospective provision or producttion of earrth lugs an
nd/or
additional earth cable
es shall be borne
b
by the supplier / subcontrac
ctor.
At joints of
o the main
n columns (columns
(
in
n main axess) cable lug
gs have to be provide
ed to
enable an
n installation
n of a connecting cable
e for equipo
otential bon
nding. Thou
ugh the joints of
the columns are to lo
ocate outside of direct p
platform-are
eas but acce
essible from
m the platform.
ecting lugs shall
s
be exe
ecuted acco
ording chapter 5.5.
Earth lugss and conne

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TII 16.03
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uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Docum
ment Nr-Rev:

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21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG

Requirrements
s for pla
atforms, stairs,, railing
gs and la
adders

3.1

General
The stated system components
c
s including the framew
work and support structures mus
st be
m steel. The
e general structural ste
eel engineerring requirements mustt be observed.
made from
The platfo
orms, stairss and ladd
ders must be designe
ed and arranged in ssuch a way
y all
aggregate
es, fittings, entrance openings
o
etc. are easily accessib
ble in line with
w operatiional
requireme
ents and me
eet safety re
equirementss in accorda
ance with applicable
a
ru
ules. They must
m
be arrange
ed and connected in su
uch a way as
a to satisfyy the require
ements con
ncerning esc
cape
routes.
f the defle
ection unde
er service lo
oad have to be regarde
ed in the dessign:
Following limitations for
Secondary beams (sup
pporting struc
cture, platform
ms):

sp
pan/500

Inferior bea
ams:

sp
pan/200

Railing fasteners
f
and conn
nections must
m
be designed and execcuted by the
supplier/su
ubcontracto
or to withsta
and the horrizontal forcce specified
d in the app
plicable natiional
annex to EN
E 1991.
The suppo
orting and framework
f
structures as
a well as their
t
ancho
ors and fastenings mus
st be
dimension
ned in accorrdance with
h the static rrequirementts.
The same
e applies forr the platform structure
es.
Shear connections of platform
m beams (sshear force
es in z-dire
ection) are
e to be de
esign
en internal forces of the static ca
alculation but
b at least for 25% off the
according to the give
espective profile sectio
on.
value Vpl,z,d of the re
s
wiith 3.0 kN/m
m2 and 5.0 kN/m2 whe
ere the plattform
Platform live load is generally specified
ess can be
e used for maintenan
nce, storag
ge or as scaffolding
s
support du
uring
and acce
maintenan
nce.
The areas
s with a live
e load of 5.0
0 kN/m2 or higher are shown in a separate document
d
w
which
shall be approved
a
by the clientt. Where no other live
e load is sp
pecified a live load off 3.0
kN/m2 hass to be conssidered.
For the design of the platformss the live lo
oad will be
e increased by a supp
plement of 0.50
d loads. Re
eduction of live load in certain are
eas has to be agreed with
kN/m2 for suspended
HZI.
nto accountt separatelyy.
Individual loads mustt be taken in
nes and in
n areas where heavy machine parts
p
etc. are
a moved,, the
In speciall repair zon
correspon
nding traffic load will be
e specified b
by HZI .
The traffic
c load for the
e firing floor area (stud
d plate area) specified by HZI is att least 10 kN
N/m2.
Supports on gratingss are to avo
oid generallyy. If necess
sary in speccial cases th
he grating must
m
s
testing
g and be cla
arified with HZI
H .
undergo static
Where no
o railing is present
p
on platforms, stairs or sttair heads, the distancce between
n the
platforms, stairs or stair
s
heads and the syystem comp
ponent musst be not less than 50 mm
m
than 10
00 mm. Toe
e boards are
e to be prov
vided.
and not more

3.2

Platform
ms and w
walkways
s
When realising platfo
orms, stair heads
h
and w
walkways, the requirem
ments corre
esponding to
o the
o
T following requireme
The
ents must also
a
be met::
type of use must be observed.

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3.3

TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings
5002
21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG

Fixed work platforms

p
mu
ust have an
n area of att least 600 mm
m x 500 mm
m per perrson.
Ad
dditional sp
pace must be considere
ed for assem
mbly compo
onents where necessary.
W
Walkways
mu
ust be as sttraight as po
ossible, i.e. without any misalignm
ments.
Galleries sha
all be minimum 1000 mm
m wide.
Pllatforms underneath man-holes
m
or openings where a grreater risk of
o falling objjects
occcurs (dust etc.) have to be cove
ered with chequered
c
plates
p
or a combinatio
on of
grrating with chequered plates. The
e area sho
ould embracce 1000 mm
m at each side
fro
om the oute
er edge of the
t opening
g. Where the spillage could
c
cause
e slip hazarrd on
ch
hequered pllates a movvable recipie
ent large en
nough for complete
c
sp
pillage collecction
wiill be provid
ded instead of plate covvering.
Th
he minimum
m clear he
eight above
e platforms and walkw
ways shall be 2100 mm.
Ex
xceptions concerning clear
c
heightt need to be
e approved by HZI.
Es
scape route
es must be marked in the HZI insta
allation draw
wings.

Stairs and
a
stair heads
Stairs of the steelwork shall be installed wiith a slope of 40 in acccordance with
w EN ISO
O 14
d
s must be authorised
a
b HZI.
by
122. Any divergences
To ensure
e the stair iss easily acce
essible, the following applies:
a
600
0 mm W + 2H 660 mm.
m
Straight stairs must normally be
e provided. The requirrements corresponding
g to the typ
pe of
owing requirrements mu
ust also be met:
m
use must be observed. The follo

3.4

Sttairs shall be
b minimum 1000 mm wide
w
(clear width).
Th
he rise-run ratio must not
n vary with
hin a flight of
o stairs.
In front of an
nd behind doors,
d
stair heads having the wid
dth of the sttairs and with
w a
east 1000 mm
m must be
e provided. With the door wide op
pen (as far as it
length of at le
air head leng
gth of at lea
ast 500 mm must still be
b available
e.
wiill go), a sta
In front of an
nd behind sttairs, a stair head haviing the sam
me width an
nd a length of at
n the case of
o half way landings, th
heir length must
m
least 1000 mm must be provided. In
e adjusted to
t the step dimension
d
o which the
on
e rise-run ra
atio is base
ed.
be
In the case of
o vertical he
eights greatter than 3 m,
m stair head
ds are requiired.
Th
he stair hea
ad length must be at le
east 800 mm
m and alway
ys equal to or greater than
the effective width
w
of the
e stair. Exce
eptions musst be agreed
d with HZI
Th
he tread de
epth shall be
e between 220 mm an
nd 240 mm. The tread height sha
all be
be
etween 180 and 200 mm.
m The trea
ad must pro
oject by at le
east 10 mm
m
Th
he clear he
eight (measured vertically) mustt be at lea
ast 2300 mm.
m
Excepttions
co
oncerning clear
c
height need to be
e approved by HZI and
d have to be
b at least 2100
2
mm

Escape
e routes
In the des
sign of esca
ape and rescue routes,, the following requirem
ments in particular musst be
taken into account:

When determ
W
mining the clear
c
width and
a height it is importa
ant to ensure that auxiliary
eq
quipment an
nd spare pa
arts needed for mainten
nance can be
b moved safely
s
Att every poin
nt there mu
ust be a he
eight of at le
east 2300 mm (accord
ding to buillding
re
egulations) and
a a clear width of at least 1000 mm
Th
hese valuess must not be reduced
d by facility componentts (fittings, pipes,
p
air du
ucts,
ca
ables, etc.). Exceptions
s are only p
permitted aftter consulta
ation with the Purchase
er
Th
he clear doo
or height in the building
g is at leastt 2300 mm

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3.5

TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Docum
ment Nr-Rev:

000000

5002
21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG

Operatiing and maintena

m
ance rou
utes
Operating and mainttenance rou
utes are used primarily
y for the op
perating, maintenance and
n of the plan
nt.
inspection
If operatin
ng and main
ntenance ro
outes are also
a
intende
ed as escap
pe routes, tthey must meet
m
the require
ements for escape routes.
Operating and mainte
enance routes, where heavy loads are transp
ported or where
w
a two--way
p
are
e regarded as main trraffic routess. Main trafffic routes should
s
as fa
ar as
traffic is possible,
possible be
b arranged
d in escape and rescue
e routes.
When dettermining the
t
clear width
w
and height it is
s importantt to ensure
e that auxiliary
equipment and spare
e parts nee
eded for ma
aintenance can be mo
oved safely. Otherwise
e the
r
must be
b followed:
following rules

Cllear width at
a least 1000
0 mm.
Th
he clear wid
dth can be reduced
r
by plant comp
ponents (e.g
g. fittings) to
o 500 mm iff this
is technically unavoidable. This wid
dth must be authorized by HZI.
Cllear height of at least 2100
2
mm is required.
Th
he clear do
oor height in the build
ding is to ca
arry out acccording to the contracctual
do
ocument if no
n other spe
ecification iss mentioned
d.

3.6

Grating
gs and walk-on sh
heet mettal coverrs

3.6.1

Gratings
s in genera
al
Gratings made
m
of ho
ot-dip galva
anised steell (EN ISO 1461)
1
as pressed grattings or we
elded
gratings (D
DIN 24 537) are to be used. Gene
erally the grratings have
e to be mad
de of steel S235
S
JR.
nditions of heavy chem
mical stresss, FRP (fibre-reinforce
ed plastic) is
i the prefe
erred
Under con
material.

In indoor loccations, all platforms a

and stairs with
w gratings are to be
e designed with
nti-slip prote
ection R 11 (see annexx 5 / chapte
er 5.2)
an
In outdoor loccations and
d in speciallyy designate
ed indoor locations, the
e gratings are to
e designed as "slip-ressistant" in ca
ategory R12
2 according to guideline BGR 181
be

Gratings must be la
aid so thatt they are secure against being
g moved unintentionally if
a removed
d.
neighbourring grating elements are
Gratings must satissfy the req
quirements of the na
ational stan
ndards app
plicable at the
n site.
installation
The maxim
mal deflection of a grating shall not exceed
d 1/200 of the span but
b shall be < 4
mm."
h
a smoo
oth surface without pro
ojecting edg
ges.
The gallerry floor (grating) shall have
If no separate require
ements are defined, the
e following rules apply

He
eight of bea
aring bars 30
3 mm, thickkness of be
earing bars at
a least 3 mm.
m
Max mesh siize of gratin
ng should appropriate
a
a 20 mm diameter
d
ba
all unable to
o fall
m
openings.
through the mesh
Cu
ut-outs musst in princip
ple be create
ed before hot-dip
h
galvanising and
d be edged. For
grratings mod
dified after hot-dip
h
galva
anising see
e: TII 16.04 Corrosion protection
p
Ch
hap. 3.7 - Repair
R
of da
amaged hot dip galvaniised steel componentss.
Ed
dge bars must be execcuted with fllat steel me
easuring 30 mm x at lea
ast 3 mm.

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3.6.2

5002
21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG

Fo
or gratings with cut-ou
uts, toe boa
ards made of
o flat steel,, min. 6 mm
m thick mus
st be
fittted. The exxcess height shall be 12
20 mm abo
ove the walk
king surface
e.
Atttention! Gra
atings with cut-outs mu
ust be remo
ovable, e.g. divided into
o sections.
Cu
ut-outs in gratings mus
st not reducce their load
d-bearing ca
apability.
Sp
paces betw
ween individu
ual grating elements must
m
not excceed 5 mm.
A support wiidth of the gratings on
n the substtructure of at least 35 mm has to
o be
onsidered.
co
Alll gratings must be secured
s
ag
gainst lifting and slip
pping. At le
east 4 hott dip
ga
alvanised clamping
c
d
devices
per grate ele
ement are to use. They
T
mustt be
gu
uaranteed to
o be fit for purpose.
p
It must be possible to fix
x and removve gratings from
platform leve
el (from abovve).
s
aga
ainst lateral slipping (by
y railing fixe
ed toe plate
e or
Grratings whicch are not secured
ste
eel structure welded to
oe plate e.g.) are to fix on the stee
el substructu
ure frictionloccked.
In defined areas (man--hole areass) adequate
e Safe De
eck-steel gratings
g
can
n be
ussed.

Gratings
s for stairs
s

3.6.3

TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Grating stair treads are made from

m welded grratings (SP
P type) or pressed grattings
P type) with reinforced and perfora
ated non-slip leading ed
dge to DIN 24 531.
(P
Sllip resistancce must be equal to tha
at of the gra
atings.
Th
he grating stair
s
treads are to fastten with M12-8.8 boltss, spring wa
ashers and nuts
M12-8 (hot-dip galvanise
ed).

Sheet me
etal coverrs
Sheet metal covers are
a only allo
owed after consultation with HZI. If the so-called firing floor
e boiler are
ea is designed with stud
d plates, the
e traffic load
d in this casse is at leasst 10
level in the
kN/m2. Stu
ud plates with a thickne
ess 8/10 mm
m shall be used.
u
In exceptiional casess, walk-on surfaces
s
insside buildin
ngs may be
e designed with steel stud
plates whe
ere this is absolutely
a
n
necessary
f operatio
for
onal reasons or for rea
asons of sa
afety.
The follow
wing rules, amongst
a
oth
hers, must b
be observed
d in the dessign:

3.7

Sllip-resistantt stud platess should pre

eferably be used.
Th
he pattern of
o the stud plates
p
shall be the sam
me within the
e whole plant.
Sh
heet thickness, suppo
ort breadth,, possible reinforceme
r
ent by flat bars and span
s
wiidth must meet
m
the static requirem
ments.
Th
he maximal deflection of a stud plates shall not
n exceed 1/200 of the
e span but shall
s
be
e <= 4 mm
Co
over plates must be laid out in the
e way that jo
oints are alw
ways on supporting be
eams.
Th
he intermed
diate spacin
ng shall be e
equal and not
n exceed 3 mm.
Cu
ut-outs musst be edged
d with toe boards
b
made of flat ste
eel, min. 6 mm
m
thick. The
ex
xcess heigh
ht shall be 100 mm abo
ove the walkking surface
e.
Co
over plates are fixed to the substtructure with self-tapping counter sunk bolts M8.
Bo
olt heads must
m
not projject above the
t walking surface.
In case of ad
doptions at stud plates (cut outs) to do on sitte the treate
ed surfacess are
o mend by appropriate
a
e corrosion protection has to be re
estored entiirely.
to
means. The

Railings
s and oth
her guarrd rails
Platforms,, work platfforms, walkkways, galle
eries and stairs
s
with a fall heightt of 500 mm,
must be provided with
h continuou
us railings.

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TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Docum
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21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG

Platforms,, work platfforms, walkw

ways, galle
eries and stairs over open tanks must
m
alwayys be
provided with
w a railing
g.
Handrails shall be de
esigned con
ntinuously. Extension
E
jo
oints with an
a extension
n length of min.
hall be provvided if nece
essary.
5 mm but 10 mm sh
All staircase strings shall
s
be equ
uipped with railings.
m
be ma
ade from stteel tubing and fasten
ned to platfforms and sstairs by bo
olted
Railings must
connection
ns. The railings must be
b designed
d with obserrvance of th
he following requiremen
nts:

Ra
ailings shalll be design
ned as worrkshop-weld
ded constru
uction units made of pipes
p
(p
posts, handrrails and middle runnerrs) and flat bars (toe bo
oard, conne
ectors).
Th
he height of
o the railing
g shall be 1100
1
mm frrom walking
g surface to
o the top off the
ha
andrail.
Th
he railings must be executed according
a
t EN ISO
to
O 14122-3. Correspon
nding
na
ational requirements applicable to the in
nstallation site must be obserrved,
pa
articularly co
oncerning the distance
e between posts
p
and th
he number of
o mid-rails..
Ra
ailings musst be tested according to EN ISO 14122-3. The
T loads must
m
be cho
osen
acccording to EN 1991 an
nd the natio
onal append
dices appliccable to the installation site
If the load-b
bearing cap
pability is proven
p
and no other rules applyy, the follow
wing
ould be used:
materials sho
o - Postss: Piping 48
8.3 mm x 3.6 mm - maxximum postt spacing 12
250 mm
o - Hand
d rail: Pipe 48.3
4
mm x 3.2
3 mm
o - Mid-rrails: Pipe 26.9
2
mm x 2.6
2 mm.
Th
he pipe cross-section of the post must be fla
attened at the
t point wh
here it joins
s the
ha
and rail.
Jo
oints betwe
een sections within levvels and at
a transition points to stairs musst be
we
elded. All changes of
o direction in railingss and railing termina
ations must be
ex
xecuted with pipe elbo
ows. The en
nds of hand
d rails must be formed so that it iss not
po
ossible to ge
et caught on them.
Th
he toe boarrd fastened at railings shall be ma
ade of flat steel,
s
min. 8 mm thick. The
to
oe board mu
ust rise 120
0 mm above
e the walkin
ng surface. Joints in to
oe boards are to
co
onnect by appropriate splice
s
plates. No toe bo
oard is requ
uired on sta
airs.
Open pipe en
nds shall be
e closed by welded lids
s.
Alll welds at th
he railing sh
hall be clea
aned and sm
moothened carefully.
c

If detacha
able railing pieces arre needed for operatiional reaso
ons (e.g. to
o change plant
p
componen
nts), the following typess are requirred:

Ra
ailing pipess fastened with
w pipe join
nt sleeves
Re
emovable railings with push-in sle
eeves, partic
cularly arou
und assemb
bly openingss
Se
elf-closing doors
d
in the
e form of the
e railing with
h spring return

The need and design

n of remova
able railing (e.g
(
detachable) and fixing of railiings to galle
eries
he authorisa
ation of HZII
requires th

3.8

Ladders
s

La
adders musst be desig
gned accorrding to EN
N ISO 141
122-4 and carried ou
ut as
wo
orkshop-we
elded consttruction unitts. They arre intended for irregula
ar maintena
ance
an
nd inspectio
ons, as a second esscape route
e or for stack installa
ations. Ladders
re
equire the au
uthorisation
n of HZI. They are onlyy permitted if:
i
o The ussage freque
ency is less than one a week.
o No ma
aintenance tools
t
have to
t be carried with.
o Where
e the installa
ation of a sttairway is not possible for operatio
onal reason
ns.
Th
he rungs mu
ust be of sliip-resistant design.

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3 Steel stru
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ailings

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Z
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If the load-be
earing capa
ability is pro
oven and no
n other rules apply, th
he materials as
escribed on the drawing in chapte
er 5.1 should
d be used.
de
Att ladder desscents, the ladder acce
ess must be
e protected
d against fallling with a selfclo
osing door in the form of the railin
ng. Automattic closing must
m
be asssured by me
eans
off a spring re
eturn and fixxing in final position.

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TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

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ment Nr-Rev:

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5002
21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG

Maintena
ance beams
Maintenan
nce beams (hoist bea
ams) will be
e used for the operation of trave
elling trolley
ys or
lifting deviices.
The beam
ms have to be
b of sufficie
ent size and
d strength, and
a have an
n even runn
ning surface
e.
The slope
e of mainte
enance bea
ams should
d not devia
ate by more
e than 1 in
n 250 from
m the
horizontal.
e beams under safe working loa
ad, relative to its supports, shalll not
The deflection of the
ntilever beam
ms shall no
ot be more than
exceed 1//500 of the bam span. The deflecction of can
1/250 of beam
b
span rrelative to itts supports..
They have
e to consistt of one part. In case splices are necessary
y for installa
ation the splices
have to be
b welded afterwards.
a
ave to be after
a
treated
d and levelled in orde
er to
Splices ha
guarantee
e an ever running surfa
ace.
Sufficient end stops are
a to proviide (usuallyy L-profile on each side
e of the flan
nge). They have
h
ed to the we
eb of the ma
aintenance beam. The
ey shall be designed
d
to
o be effective for
to be bolte
all types of
o trolley.
The mainttenance be
eams shall be fixed att the suppo
orting structure by clam
mp fastenerrs or
bolts of sufficient
s
be
earing capa
acity. There
eby clamps
s are to prrefer in ord
der to have
e the
possibility of belated
d adjustment. The complete dessign of con
nnecting po
oints has to
o be
ely and hass to follow EN
E 1993-1-1
1, EN 1993--1-8 and EN
N 1993-6.
documentted separate
The colour of the bea
ams has to be in accord
dance with TII 16-10.
apacity of all
a maintenance beam
ms is to de
esignate byy a label/stiicker
The load bearing ca
m web in ad
dequate pos
sition.
applied to both sides of the beam

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TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Docum
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Quality
y assurance

5.1

General

5002
21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG

Static calc
culations forr the structu
ural steelwo
orks shall be
e provided on
o request o
of HZI.
The desig
gn calculatio
on for the structural steelwork
s
iss to carry out
o in accorrdance with
h EN
1993 inclu
uding releva
ant local sta
andards.
The docum
ment is to compose
c
in accordance
e with the demands of HZI.
A separate
e table of co
onnecting fo
orces conta
aining all ne
ecessary values shall be
b included.

5.2

Welding
g works
Welding works
w
are to
o be carried
d out according to TII 16.09 Weld
ding of structural steel and
sheet mettal.

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ERC

Title:
AIC:

000000

TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Docum
ment Nr-Rev:

Annex
x

6.1

Executiion steell structurre

5002
21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG

Steel Strructure Platform and Stairs Typicals:

Drawing No.
N 4001931
10
Steel Stru
ucture Co
olumn holdin
ng down de
evices:
Drawing No.
N 4001931
13, 40019314, 400193
315 (Drawings in prepa
aration)

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ect Name: SE
ERC

Title:
AIC:

6.2

000000

TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Docum
ment Nr-Rev:

5002
21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen Inova AG

Type off grating and clam

mps

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ast saved 14.10.13

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Proje
ect Name: SE
ERC

Title:
AIC:

000000

TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Docum
ment Nr-Rev:

5002
21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen Inova AG

ering for are

eas underne
eath man-ho
oles
Safedeckk floor cove
(Chequere
ed plate welded on the
e top of grating)

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Proje
ect Name: SE
ERC

Title:
AIC:

6.3

000000

TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Docum
ment Nr-Rev:

5002
21280 -2.2

Hitachi Z
Zosen Inova AG

Type off bulb pla

ate

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ast saved 14.10.13

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Proje
ect Name: SE
ERC

Title:
AIC:

6.4

000000

TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Docum
ment Nr-Rev:

5002
21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen Inova AG

Mountin
ng syste
em

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ERC

Title:
AIC:

000000

Print date 14.10.13 16:15

TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Docum
ment Nr-Rev:

5002
21280 -2.2

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ast saved 14.10.13

Hitachi Zosen Inova AG

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Proje
ect Name: SE
ERC

Title:
AIC:

Docum
ment Nr-Rev:

5002
21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen
Z
Inova AG

Earth lu
ugs

ssteel plate
p
5
50*50*
*8
d = 12
2 mm
w ed at column
welde
c
n

50

50

6.5

000000

TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

main
n colum
mn
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Title:
AIC:

6.6

000000

TII 16.03
3 Steel stru
uctures, pla
atforms,
stairs, ra
ailings

Docum
ment Nr-Rev:

5002
21280 -2.2

Hitachi Zosen Inova AG

Areas with
w
live load 5 kN
N/m2 or higher
Drawing No.
N XXXXXX
XXX. (Draw
wing in preparation)

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