PERF E C T

GEOTECHNICS
P V T . L T D.
24, Maruti Paradise, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614. Tele.: 27570146, Fax: 27570147. e-mail: manoj@perfectgeotechnics.com

FINAL GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT FOR

PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX
AT ROHINJAN, TALOJA, NAVI MUMBAI,
FOR ADHIRAJ CONSTRUCTION PVT. LTD.

Table of Contents

Item

Page

1.0

INTRODUCTION

2.0

EXPLORATION PROGRAM

2.1
2.2
2.3

3.0

4.0

Exploration Scope
Subsurface Conditions
Groundwater Levels

FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS

2
4
5

3.1 Foundation Protection

FIELD EXPLORATION PROCEDURES

10

ANNEXURES

11

Figure 1: Borehole Location Plan

Borehole Logs
Subsurface Profile
Laboratory Test Results
References/Calculations

FINAL GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT FOR

PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX
AT ROHINJAN, TALOJA, NAVI MUMBAI,
FOR ADHIRAJ CONSTRUCTION PVT. LTD.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Adhiraj Construction Pvt. Ltd. plans construction of a residential complex in Taloja, Navi
Mumbai. M/s. VMS Consultants is structural consultant and Edifice Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
is architect for the project. The proposed complex will consist of G+13, G+15, G+30 and
G+40 storied structures. The work of geotechnical investigation was awarded to Perfect
Geotechnics Pvt. Ltd.

The field work and laboratory tests for the Geotechnical

Investigation were completed by Perfect Geotechnics Pvt. Ltd. in January 2011. This final
report presents results of the geotechnical investigation with foundation recommendations
for the proposed buildings.
1

2.0 EXPLORATION PROGRAM

2.1 Exploration Scope

Forty five Boreholes (BH-1 to BH-45) were completed for the project as illustrated on the
Borehole Location Plan in the Annexure. Borehole termination depths and structures are
summarized in table A below.

TABLE A
BOREHOLE TERMINATION DEPTHS & STRUCTURES
Structure
Depth of
Termination
BH. No
weathered
depth of borehole
bedrock
Below Ground
Surface
BH-1
0.7m
15.50m
BH-2
0.5m
10.40m
BH-3
1.0m
13.20m
BH-4
3.0m
12.20m
BH-5
1.0m
12.25m
BH-6
1.0m
7.90m
BH-7
3.0m
15.40m
BH-8
0.8m
15.40m
G+13
BH-9
0.9m
15.25m
BH-10
3.5m
10.80m
BH-11
2.0m
15.55m
BH-12
4.0m
9.60m
BH-13
4.0m
10.50m
BH-14
0.7m
14.55m
BH-15
2.5m
11.07m
BH-16
1.5m
9.73m
BH-17
G+40
1.5m
13.70m
BH-18
G+15
5.0m
11.60m
BH-19
G+40
1.5m
8.30m
BH-20
G+30
1.5m
12.60m
BH-21
G+40
4.5m
14.50m
BH-22
0.7m
10.90m
BH-23
0.7m
15.10m
BH-24
0.6m
10.20m
BH-25
1.0m
16.80m
BH-26
1.0m
10.00m
BH-27
G+40
0.7m
9.50m
BH-28
0.8m
10.00m
BH-29
1.0m
14.30m
BH-30
0.3m
15.20m
BH-31
0.0m
10.10m
BH-32
0.2m
15.10m
2

BH-33
BH-34

3.0m
9.00m
1.0m
17.18m
TABLE A (Contd)
BOREHOLE TERMINATION DEPTHS & STRUCTURES
Structure

BH. No

Depth of
weathered
bedrock

Termination
depth of borehole
Below Ground
Surface

BH-35
BH-36
BH-37
BH-38
BH-39
BH-40
BH-41
BH-42
BH-43
BH-44
BH-45

0.1m
0.5m
1.9m
1.5m
0.0m
2.0m
1.5m
1.0m
3.0m
1.0m
1.5m

9.85m
15.30m
7.70m
8.40m
9.20m
9.20m
9.70m
15.40m
8.50m
9.30m
15.85m

G+40

2.2 Subsurface Conditions

Subsurface profile at this site generally consists of black clay overlying completely
weathered bedrock underlain by hard bedrock.
described below;

Encountered soil/rock layers are

LAYER I: BLACK CLAY

Black clay was encountered at the ground surface in majority of the boreholes. Thickness
of this layer varies between 0.10m and 2.1m. This layer is potentially expansive.

LAYER II: COMPLETELY WEATHERD ROCK

Completely weathered bedrock was encountered at depths between 0.0m and 2.1m below
ground surface. This layer is formed by the complete in-place disintegration of parent
bedrock material, but still partially retains the original rock mass structure, and is also
locally referred to as hard murrum.

SPT tests conducted in this layer encountered

refusals. Core recoveries were typically less than 35 percent. The lower boundary of this
layer was encountered at depths between 1.0m and 7.0m below ground surface.

LAYER III: HARD BASALT BEDROCK

Hard Basalt bedrock was encountered at depths between 1.0m and 7.0m below ground
surface in the boreholes. The bedrock was highly weathered to sound. Core Recoveries
varied between 37% and 100%, while Rock Quality Designation (RQD) ranged between
nil and 100%. Compressive strength of rock core samples ranged between 53 kg/cm2

and 801 kg/cm2. The boreholes were terminated in this bedrock layer at depths between
7.7m and 17.18m below ground surface.

2.3 Ground water Levels

Groundwater accumulation in boreholes was monitored during and after completion of
drilling activities. Groundwater was observed in boreholes at depths between 0.6m and
2.80m below ground surface. Seasonal and annual fluctuations in ground water levels
can be expected.

3.0 FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS

Completely weathered bedrock (hard murrum) was encountered at depths between 0.0m
and 2.1m below ground surface. Hard rock was encountered at depths between 1.0m and
7.0m below ground surface. Exact depths to completely weathered rock and hard rock
are given in Table B below.

Spread/raft foundations for proposed buildings, supported on the completely weathered

bedrock at minimum depths of 1.0m and 3.0m, can be designed for net allowable bearing
capacities of 45 t/m2 and 60 t/m2, respectively. Spread foundations installed on hard rock

can be designed for net allowable bearing capacity of 300 t/m2. Light rock breaking with
rock breakers will be required to complete excavations in the completely weathered rock.
Hard rock founding strata can be identified as it makes a ringing sound when struck with
crowbar or bucket excavators. Base of excavations should be manually cleaned of all
loose excavated soils/ materials.

TABLE B
DEPTHS TO BEDROCK
BOREHOL
E NUMBER

STRUCTURE

DEPTHS TO CWR
CR<35%

BH-1
BH-2
BH-3
BH-4
BH-5
BH-6
BH-7
BH-8
BH-9
BH-10
BH-11
BH-12
BH-13
BH-14
BH-15
BH-16
BH-17
BH-18
BH-19
BH-20
BH-21
BH-22

G+13

0.2m
0.5m
0.15m
0.45m
0.3m
0.2m
0.25m
0.15m
0.15m
0.3m
0.3m
0.3m
0.2m
0.1m
0.3m
0.3m
0.3m
0.5m
0.3m
0.3m
0.25m
0.7m

G+40
G+15
G+40
G+30
G+40
6

DEPTHS TO
HARD ROCK
CR>35%
4.5m
4.5m
4.5m
6.0m
5.5m
1.0m
4.5m
4.0m
6.0m
5.0m
5.0m
4.0m
6.0m
4.5m
5.5m
4.5m
3.0m
6.5m
3.0m
6.0m
4.5m
4.5m

BH-23
BH-24
BH-25
BH-26
BH-27
BH-28
BH-29

0.7m
0.6m
1.0m
1.0m
0.2m
0.8m
1.0m

G+40

6.0m
4.5m
7.0m
5.0m
4.5m
3.0m
4.0m

TABLE B (Contd.)
DEPTHS TO BEDROCK
BOREHOL
E NUMBER

STRUCTURE

DEPTHS TO CWR
CR<35%

BH-30
BH-31
BH-32
BH-33
BH-34
BH-35
BH-36
BH-37
BH-38
BH-39
BH-40
BH-41
BH-42
BH-43
BH-44
BH-45

G+40

0.3m
0.0m
0.2m
0.3m
0.15m
0.1m
0.5m
1.65m
0.1m
0.0m
0.0m
1.0m
0.0m
2.1m
0.35m
0.3m

G+40

Maximum settlement of foundations will be less than 10mm.

DEPTHS TO
HARD ROCK
CR>35%
4.5m
4.5m
4.5m
3.5m
5.5m
3.0m
5.0m
1.9m
3.0m
4.5m
3.5m
4.5m
5.0m
4.5m
3.4m
5.2m

Modulus of subgrade

reactions of 4500 t/m3 and 30,000 t/m3 can be utilized for design of foundations installed
on CWR and hard rock, respectively. Excavation sides should be sloped at a maximum
slope of 1:2 (horizontal: vertical) or flatter. Dewatering will be required in excavations.

3.1

Foundation Protection

Groundwater samples were collected for chemical analysis from the site.

Results of

Chemical analysis are enclosed in the Annexure. Based on chemical results, the site falls
under Class I for sulphates and chlorides (As per IS456-2000 and as per CIRIA Special
Publication No. 31). A moderate exposure condition was assigned to this site. Hence,
following precautions shall be taken to protect concrete and reinforcement in foundations;

Type of Cement:

OPC or PPC

Minimum Grade of Reinforced Concrete:

M25

Minimum Cement Content for spread footings:

300 kg/m3

Maximum Water Cement Ratio:

0.50

Minimum Cover to Reinforcement:

50mm

4.0 FIELD EXPLORATION PROCEDURES

The sub-surface investigation was completed generally as per IS: 1892-1979. The field
investigation was carried out using a rotary machine. Casing was used to support sides of
borehole until sufficiently stiff strata was encountered. Standard Penetration Tests (i.e.
SPT) were carried out in soil in accordance with IS 2131-1981. Using this procedure, a 2
outside diameter split-barrel sampler is driven into the soil by 63.5 kg. weight falling

through 75 cm height. After an initial set of 15cm, the number of blows required to drive
the sampler an additional 30 cm, is known as the penetration resistance or N value.

When SPT refusal was obtained in hard strata, rock coring was done using diamond bit
and double tube core barrel to obtain rock samples. Percent Rock Core Recovery and
Rock Quality Designation (%RQD) were determined. % RQD = 100 x Sum of length of
rock pieces in cms, each having lengths greater than 10cms/Total length of core run.

Sincerely,
PERFECT GEOTECHNICS PVT. LTD.

__________________________________
Jaydeep Wagh
B.E., M.S., P.E. (Geotechnical)

10

REFERENCES

1) Foundation Analysis and Design, J.E. Bowles, McGraw Hill Publication, 5th Edition,
1996.

2) Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual.

nd

3) Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, 2 Edition, Terzaghi K. and Peck R. B., John
Willey and Sons, 1967.

4) Foundation Design Manual, N. V. Nayak, 5th Edition, 1996.

5) IS:6403-1981, Code of Practice for Design and Construction of Shallow Foundations

on Soils.

6) IS14593, Code of Practice for Design of Pile Foundations on Rock.

11

SAMPLE CALCULATION OF ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY

FOR FOUNDATIONS ON COMPLETELY WEATHERED BEDROCK
________________________________________________ GL +0.0m
Layer I, Black cotton soils
_______________________________________________ -0.0m to -2.10m
Layer II, Basalt Bedrock

(Assuming Completely weathered Bedrock to be a very dense granular soil.)

Net Ultimate Bearing Capacity = qu = cNc + q (Nq 1) + 0.5 B N s

(Refn. 5, Table 4-1)

Where,
q = Overburden Pressure (i.e. submerged unit weight x depth of
foundation)
c = Cohesion
B = Minimum Width of foundation = 1.5m
= submerged unit weight of soil = 0.80
Nc, Nq, N = Terzaghis Bearing capacity factors
Sc, sq, s = Shape factors = conservatively assumed as 1.2, 1.2, and 0.8
D = Minimum Depth of Footing = 1.0m
Minimum SPT N value obtained in boreholes = 50
o
Corresponding friction angle = 40 (Reference No. 5)
Corresponding Nc=75, Nq=64, N=109 (Reference 5, IS:6403-1981);
Substituting these values in the above equation;
q ultimate =qu =[0x75x1.2]+[1.0x0.8x(64-1)x1.2]+[0.5x1.5x0.8x109x0.8]= 0+60+52 = 112
2
t/m
q safe = qu/F.S. = 112/2.5 =45 t/m2

12

CALCULATION OF SETTLEMENTS OF FOUNDATIONS (3M X 3M) EXERTING

PRESSURE OF 45 T/M2:
A) SETTLEMENT OF CWR FROM 1.0m to -6.5M
From Reference No. 1:
Settlement = S q0 B'

1 2
mI s I f
Es

Where,
q0 = Footing Pressure = 45 t/m2
B = B/2 (Where B is the width of pressure distribution
= Poissons ratio = 0.3
E = Modulus of Elasticity
Is = Influence Factor (Obtained from Table 5-2, Reference No. 1)
If = Depth Factor (Obtained from Figure 5-7, Reference No. 1)
m = 4 for center of footing

Very conservatively assuming weathered bedrock within the full influence zone of
footings:
E value for over-consolidated sand = 105(N)+4000 (Reference No. 1)
Therefore, for a SPT N value of 50, E=9,250 t/m2
L = 3/2 =1.50, B = 3/2 = 1.5, H=5.5m, and D=1m
Therefore, M=L/B=1; and N=H/B=3.67 and D/B=0.33
Corresponding, Is = 0.418, Conservative If = 1.0 (From Table 5-2, Reference 1)

Settlement of Layer =

1 0.3 2
S1 = 45 x1.5 x
x 4 x0.418x1.0 = 0.011m = 11mm
9250

13

B) SETTLEMENT OF HARD ROCK BELOW -6.5M

From Reference No. 1:

Settlement = S q0 B'

1 2
mI s I f
Es

Where,
q0 = Footing Pressure = 45 t/m2 (after allowing for pressure dissipation)
B = B/2 (Where B is the width of pressure distribution
= Poissons ratio = 0.2
E = Modulus of Elasticity
Is = Influence Factor (Obtained from Table 5-2, Reference No. 1)
If = Depth Factor (Obtained from Figure 5-7, Reference No. 1)
m = 4 for center of footing
E value for Basalt Bedrock = 1700,000 t/m2
Using 1/10th of this value for Basalt Bedrock,
E = 0.1 x 17, 00,000 = 170,000 t/m2
Depth of top of layer below footing= 6.5m
Assuming a 30 degree pressure dissipation,
Width of pressure distribution at top of the layer = 3m + 6.5m = 9.5m
Length of pressure distribution at top of the layer = 3m + 6.5m = 9.5m
L = 9.5/2 =4.5, B = 9.5/2 = 4.5, H=6m, and D=6m
Therefore, M=L/B=1; and N=H/B=4 and D/B=0.66
Corresponding, Is = 0.255, Conservative If = 1.0 (From Table 5-2, Reference 1)
Settlement of Layer =

S2 = 45 x 4.5 x

1 0.25 2
x 4 x0.255x1.0 = 0.001m = 1mm
170,000

THEREFORE, TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 11mm + 1mm = 12mm

From IS8009:
Due to Footing Rigidity Factor, Settlement = 0.8 x 12mm = 10mm

14

SAMPLE CALCULATION OF ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY

OF SPREAD / RAFT FOUNDATIONS SUPPORTED ON BEDROCK

FROM REFERENCE NO. 3:

Allowable Capacity = qend = Nj x Qu
Where,
Nj = Empirical coefficient = 0.1 to 0.4 (conservatively adopted as 0.3 for bedrock)
Qu = Representative Compressive strength of rock = 1113 t/m2
Allowable capacity = 0.3 x 1113 t/m2= 339 t/m2 say 300 t/m2

15

B) CALCULATION OF SETTLEMENTS OF SPREAD FOUNDATIONS (5M X 5M)

EXERTING PRESSURE OF 300 T/M2:

Settlement = S q0 B'

1 2
mI s I f
Es

Where,
q0 = Footing Pressure = 300 t/m2
B = B/2 (Where B is the width of pressure distribution
= Poissons ratio = 0.2
E = Modulus of Elasticity
Is = Influence Factor (Obtained from Table 5-2, Reference No. 1)
If = Depth Factor (Obtained from Figure 5-7, Reference No. 1)
m = 4 for center of footing
E value for Basalt bedrock = 17, 00,000 t/m2
th
2
Using 1/10 of this value for Basalt bedrock, E = 170,000 t/m (Reference 7)
L = 5/2 =2.5, B = 5/2 = 2.5, H=10m, and D=3m
Therefore, M=L/B=1; and N=H/B=4 and D/B=0.6
Corresponding, Is = 0.53, Conservative If = 1.0 (From Table 5-2, Reference 1)
Settlement of Layer =

S1 = 300 x2.5 x

1 0.2 2
x4 x0.43x1.0 = 0.007m = 7mm
170,000

16