So Tay Ky Thuat Vien Thong - Q1 - Cac Thuat Ngu Ky Thuat

,
"
LffiNOIDAU
Nhfun giup h,rcluc;mgky thu~t cua TAngCong ty M~g lucriViertel nfun duQ'c
cac thu~t ngfr, khai ni~m ca ban trong ky thu~t viSn thOng, TAng Cong ty M~g
lucriViertel ban hanh tai li~u "sA tay kY thu~t vi~n thong- Quy~n 1- Cae thu~t
ngfr kY thu~t vi~n thong" danh cho can be)va nhan vien ky thu~t dang lam vi~c
trong T6ng Cong ty.
Tai li~u dS c~p dSn cac thu~t ngfr, khai ni~m lien quan dSn cac lInh VVC
Viertel dang khai thac, duQ'cbien so~ theo tieu chi chinh xac, dS hiSu, ng1fugQn
va co anh x~ vao m~ng lucricua Viettel. Ne)idung tai li~u bao g6m 8 phfrn:
Phfin 1: TAng quan m~ng vi~n thong.
Phfin 2: M~ng di o{)ng.
Phfin 3: M~ng e8 oinh.
Phan 4: M~ng truyen dan.
Phfin 5: M~ng truy~n tai IP.
" 6: H~ tang.
~
Phan
Phfin 7: CO"oi~n.
Phfin 8: Phfin m~m quanly kY thu~t.
Cac d6ng chi can be)va nhan vien ky thu~t cua TAngCong ty co thS tim dQc
ULili~unay theo cac ngu6n:
1. PhfrnmSm quan ly tai li~u: hrtp://tailieu.viettel.vn.
2. Lien M trgc tiSp vcriPhOngKy thu~t Cong ngh~ - T6ng Cong ty M~ng
lucriViertel.
Vcri xu thS cong ngM phat triSn khong ngimg, PhOng Ky thu~t Cong ngh~
kinh mong nh~n duQ'cy kiSn dong gop til de)ingii ky thu~t Viertel dS tiSp tvc b6
sung, hoan thi~n tai li~u cho phu hgp han trong qua trinh phat triSn mlimglucri.
MQi y kiSn dong gop xin gui vS PhOngKy thu~t Cong ngM - T6ng Cong ty
Ml;\ng lucri Viertel theo email: kt_vtnet@viertel.com.vn ho~c s6 di~n thol;\i:
~
04.62660291.
TONG CONG TY ~G
LUm VIETTEL
kV thufit
Ouvin 1: Cac thufit ngit
if
DANH MVC T
MUCLUC
viin thOng
MUCLUC
..
..
VIET TAT ...........................................................
3
pHAN 1. TONG QUAN M;NG VIEN THONG ..............................................5

' kl",a, nlfm Cd ban
cua m{lng Vlen
.:: th ong...............
5
L Cac
"'A
IL M {lng vien tllong Viettel. ....................................................................... 7

IlL Mvt
d{mg iluifng iii clia cuvc g{Ji thoq,i (Call flow) ............................... 10
PHAN 2. MANG DI BONG .................................................................
11
.
,
A. M {lng vo tuyen .............................................................................
11
L Khtii ni?m ch ung ............................................................................
11
,
1. Nh6m kl,tii ni?m ve vung phil ..................................................................11
,
'"
2. Nhom
kllal,..",
nlf!m ve~"tal nguyen
...........................................................
12
3. Nhom khai nifm vi hanh vi tieu dung .................................................................... 13
4. N"om
"I'
kh'..'"
~,tin h.'"
14
al nlf!m ve
If!U.........................
. sa
.
IL M {Ing vo tuyen
,
2G ...............................................................................15
,
1. Thanl, phlin m{lng vo tuyen 2G ............................................................... 15
2. Khai nifm vi tai nguyen, dung IU(lng mq,ng 2G ................................................. 15
Vh"'A
17
al nl{!m ve~vu' ng p h U.....................................
3. .ll.j
,
"
ve chat lu(11tg d;ch v(l
19
4. M~t so khdi ni?m
,
20
IlL M (lng vI) tuyen 3G .................................................................
,
1. Thanh phlin m{lng 3G............................................................................... ~O
2. Khai ni?m vi tai nguyen, dung lu(11tg 36
20
...Khal,..",
:J.
nlf!m ve~"vung p h u ~~
.......................................
~....................................21
,
4. M~t so khai ni?m ve chat lU{lng dich v{l.............................................23

5. M~t sli hanh i/~ng tlii leu........................................................................
25
B. M {Ing loi di il~
ng ......................................
27
,
L Thiinh p han......................................................................................
27
1. Mq,ng CS (Circuit Switching - M{mg chuyin mq,ch kenh)
27
2. Mq,ng PS (Packet Switching - M{mg chuyin mq,ch goi)
27
3. Mq,ng VAS, IN (Value Added Services, Intelligent Network)
28
IL Khdi ni?m chung
29
'" ve~".
'" .........................................................................
29
1. Khdi nifm
tal nguyen
2. Khal,..'"nlf!m ve~"h"A
han VI tleu d'ung ...............................................................29
IlL Cac chi tieu ilanh gia chat IU(lng mq,ng /Oi......................................................... 30
1. M {lng CS ......................................................................................
30
2. M {lng PS
30
3. M {Ing VAS, IN ...............................................................................
31
pHAN 3. MANG CO DINH ................................................................................ 32
~
~
.
PHAN 4. M;NG TRUYEN DAN .............................................................36
L Cap quang, ph(l ki?n cap quang ......................................................
36
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IL Cong ngh? tTuyen dan s{li quang ........:................................................... 43
,
IlL M f!ng IT uyen dlin Viettel .......................................................................50
,
IV. Thiet bi va ph!, ki?n trong phong mdy ....................................................52
Ouvin 1: Cae thutit ngu
kf thutit
,
,-
viin thOng
MUCLUC
Ji: M{lng truyen dan vo tuyen (Vi ba, VSAT) .............................................54

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,
PHAN 5. ~G
TRUYEN
TAl IP ..................................................................
59
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L M pi so khdi n i?m ch ung .............................................................
59
II.
III. Cae dich vu tren mang IP Viettel ..............................................................
.
,
,
..
PHAN 6. H~ TANG ................................................................................

PHAN 7. CO DIlJN ...............................................................................
1.
2. M tiy ph tit ili?n ...........................................................................
,
,.
>
3.
4.
5.
..
He thong tIC dong dieu khien ...................................................................
Ac quy, ............
..........................
..
......
79
6. H? th 0 ng lam mat .................................................................................. 82

7. Pin m{it trm ..................................................................................
84
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8. H? th Ollg can/, bao
85
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,
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,
0
9. H? t/Jong tiep ddt clJong set .............................................................86

PHAN 8. PHAN MEM QuAN LY KY THE~T. ..............................................
88
Ouvin 1: Cae thuat ngu
Jdi thuat viin thOng
Danh muc tir viit tiit
DANH MUC TUVIET TAT
;5i~~~;~{)~1~[~~~g!yi~tjfr@'g';g~llii~
~ffli~:i~t:I~t~ll~iJ~~r~'li~3j~tt~!:~g~!t[~gi~~
2G
Second Generation (the second

mobile network generation)
M~g thOng tin di dQng th h~ thu 2
3G
Third Generation (the third

mobile network generation)
M~g thOng tin di dQng th M thu 3
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber

Line
DuOng thue bao s6 bilt d6i xfrng
AUC
AuthenticationCenter
Trung tam nh~n th\lc
BGM
Background Music
Nhl).cn~n
BSC
Base Station Controller
BQ di~u khin trl).mg6c (ml).ng2G)
BTS
Base Transceiver Station
Trl).mthu pMt g6c (ml).ng2G)
Colour Ringback Tone
Nhl).Cchuong cM da am.
DSLAM
Digital Subscriber Line Access

Multiplexer
BQ ghep kenh troy nh~p dUOngthue

bao s6
DWDM
Dense Wavelength Division

Multiplexing
Ghep kenh phiin chia theo buac s6ng

m~t dQ cao
GGSN
Gateway GPRS Support Node
Nut h6 trQ'GPRS c6ng
GMSC
Gateway Mobile Switching

Center
Trong tamchuyn ml).chdi dQng c6ng
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service
Dich
GSM
Global System of Mobile

Communications
H~ th6ng thOng tin di dQng toan du
HLR
Home Location Register
BQ dang kY vi tri thuOng trU
High Speed Downlink Packet

Access
Troy nh~p g6i dubng xu6ng t6c dQ

cao
HSPA
High Speed Packet Access
Troy nh~p g6i t6c dQcao
HSUPA
High Speed Uplink Packet

Access
Troy nh~P g6i dubng len t6c dQ cao
IP
Internet Protocol
Giao thuc lien m~g (giao thuc IP)
MCA
Missed Call Alert
Bao cUQcgQi nh6'
ME
Mobile Equipment
Thit bi di dQng (m~g 2G)
MS
Mobile Station
Trl).mdi dQng
MSC
Mobile Switching Center
T6ng did dich
MSS
Mobile Soft Switch
T6ng did chuyn ml).chm~m
NodeB
Trl).mthu pMt g6c (ml).ng3G)
PSlN
Public Switched Telephone

Network
M~g di~n thol).ichuyn ml).chcong

cQng
RNC
Radio Network Controller
BQ di~u khin m~g vo tuyn
CRBT
HSDPA
NodeB
V\l
vo tuyn g6i t6ng hQ'P
V\l
di dQng
Oupin 1: Cae tltutlt ngir

,;,+<4';,-
",.;i"~;I:'i:.~\'"
7-- i'
i';J":~':'~-,
__
'i
"~\:Vietetiit'1\i,
Iff tltutlt viln
thOng
Danlt mue tir viit tdt
:'!;;S~~~~~S~lsrig~i~t'tti9Jj:~:a{f~~g
;~'2';;ii;i!@~gj1f9g~;#~Ii~:;~~';i!,:<?t'<
,tOi:!;'~;~"'-,_;',:",i"___
._.;'~~?i
SIM
Subscriber Identity Module
TM nh~ d~g thue bao
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
Phful Clip s6 d6ng bQ
SGSN
Serving GPRS Support Node
Nut h6 trg GPRS ph\lc V\l
SMSC
Short Message Service Center
Trungtam dich V\ltin nhfut ngfut
STM-l
Synchronous Transport Module 1
Kh5i truyen tiii d6ngbQ Clip 1, t5c dQ

155,529 Mbps.
STP
Signaling Transfer Point
mm chuyn glao bao hi~u
TD
Terminal Device
Thiet bi dllu CUOl
DE
User Equipment
Thiet bi di dQng (m~g 3G)
Visitor Location Register
BQ dang kY vi tri t~m trU
VSAT
Very Small Aperture Terminal
Thiet bi dllu cu5i co khAu dQdtnho.
WAP
Wireless Application Protocol
Giao thuc trng d\lng khong day
VLR
~.
Quyin 1: Cae thuq.t ngir
kjJ thupt
viin thong
Phan 1. Tang quan mfJng viin thOng
PHAN 1. TONG QUAN ~G
VIEN THONG
Cae khai ni~m coo ban ella m\lng vi~n thong

Khlii niem/Dac di~m
Thuat nl!fr
TT
I.
La t~p hqp thiet bi vin thong duqc lien ket voi nhau bang
1 MfJng viin thOng dUOng truyn dan d6 cung cAp dich Vl,lvin thong, dich Vl,lUng
d\ll1g vin thong.
La dich Vl,lgiri; truyen, nh~ va xu lythong tin giua hai ho~c
Dich V{lviin
mOt nhom nguai su dl,mg dich Vl,lvin thong, bao g6m dich Vl,l
2
thong
co ban va dich Vl,lgia tri gia tang.
La dich Vl,lsu dllng dUOng truyen diin vin thong ho~c m~g
vin
thong d6 cung cAp dich Vl,lUng d\ll1g trong linh VlfC cong
Dicl,v{lung
3
d{lng viin thOng ngM thOng tin, pMt thanh, truyn hinh, thuong m~i, tai chinh,
ngan hang, van Ma, thong tin, y te, giao dllC va linh vl1'CkMc.
La dich Vl,lduqc truyen ruc thai thong tin qua m~ng vin thOng
(bao g6m ca Internet) rna khong lam thay d6i lo~i hinh ho~c
nOi dung thOng tin. Day la lo~i dich Vl,lt6i thi6u (dan gian
4 Dich V{lcu btln
nhAt) rna nha cung cAp dich V1,l cAp cho khach hang, dl1'a tren
nang ll1'Cco ban Clla nha cung cAp dich Vl,l.
La dich Vl,llam tang them gia tn thong tin clla nguai su dllng
dich Vl,lb~ng cach hoan thi~n lo~i hinh, nOi dung thong tin
ho~c cung cAp kha nang lUll trU, khoi phllC thong tin do tren co
Dich V{Igia tri
5
sa su d\ll1g m~g vin thOng. Nhiing dich Vl,lnay thu~ ti~n
gia tang
han cho nguai su d\ll1g, khong chi ket n6i thiet bi dliu cu6i, co
kha nang cung cAp rOng khfrp va tinh cuoc linh ho~t.
La doanh nghi~p duqc thanh l~p theo pMp lu~t Vi~t Nam va
Doanh nghi?p
6
duqc cAo giAy ohep kinh doanh dich Vl,lvin thOng.
viin thon/!
La to chuc, ca nhan cung cap dich Vl,lvin thOng cho nguai su
dllng dich Vl,lvin thong thOng qua hqp d6ng d~i ly kY vm
BfJi Ij dich V{I
7
doanh nghi~p vin thong d6 huang hoa h6ng ho~c ban l~i dich
viin thong
Vl,lvin thong d6 huang chenh l~ch gia.
La to chUc, ca nhan giao ket hqp dong su dllng dich Vl,lvin
NguiJi siCd{lng
thOng voi doanh nghi~p vin thOng ho~c d~i ly dich Vl,lvin
8 dicl, vu viin
thOng.
thOn/!
.
La nguai su d\ll1g dich Vl,lvin thong co gan voi vi~c an dinh
Thue bao viin
tai nguyen vin thong ho~c dUOng truyn diin vin thOng Cll
9
thong
th6.
La thiet bi ky thu~t, bao gom philn cUng va phan mem, duqc
10 Thiet bi viin
dung d6 thl1'c hi~n vin thong.
thon/!
La thiet bi vin thOng co dinh ho~c di dOng duqc dau noi vao
Thi2t bi itau
di6m ket cu6i clla m~g vin thOng d6 giri, truyn, nh~ va xU
11
,{.
CUOl
thOng tin clla nguai su d\ll1g.
. .
Iv
11
Th~2t bi itau
cuoi thue bao
12
Thi2t bi m{lng
13
BuiJnfl truv~n
La thiet bi dliu cu6i clla thue bao vin thong.

La thiet bi vin thong duqc lap d~t tren m~g vin thong de
bao dam vi~c cung cAp dich.Vl,l vin thong.
La t~p hqp thiet bi vin thOng dung de xac l~p mOt phan ho~c
Quyin 1: Cdc tltuf.t ngir

TT
Thuat ne:fr
dan
14
Cong trinlt viln

t/tOng
15
CD SO' ItfJtling
viln t/tOn!!
16
Tili nguyen viln

t/tOng
17
Kltosa viln
t/tOng
18
Tilinguyen
Internet
19
Pita ,tlin sa va
tuyen ili?n
20 OUf ilao ve tinlt
21
Trungtam
cltuyin mfJclt
22
H? tltang btio
Iti?u
kg tltuf.t viln
t/tOng
Pltlin 1. Tang quan m(Jng viln t/tOng
Khlii niemlDac di~m

tooo bi) dU?'ngyuyen thOng tin ~iua hai diem xac dinh.
M~g truyen dan dong vai tro rat quan trQng trong cac M
th6ng vi~n thop.g. Nola n6n tang, la cO"sa h~ tfrng cho vi~c
th\Ic hi~n truyen tai thong tin, dich Y\l.
D\Ia vao moi truOng truy6n dfut rna phan thanh hai 10~i:
Truy6n dfut hfru tuyn va truy6n dfut vo tuyn.
- Truy6n dfut ~fru tuyn: ,ThuOng su d\lng hai 10~itruy6n dfut
quan U:Qng_nhatla c~p dong va cap quan.
- Truyen dan vo tuyen: Trong m~g truyen dfut Viettel su d\lUg
hai 10~itruy6n dfut vo tuyn la: vi ba, VSAT.
La cong triOOxay dvng, bao gom h~ tang ky thu~t vi~n thong
th\l di)ng (OOa,tr~m, ci)t, c6ng, b~) va thit bi m~g duQ'Cl~p
d~t vao do
La t~p hQ'Pthiet bi vi~n thong, duang truyen dfut, m~ng yi~n
thong va cong triOOvi~n thong.
La tai nguye.n quoc ,gia, bao ~om kho so vi~n thOng, tai nguyen
Internet, phO tan so vo tuyen di~n va quy d~o v~ tinh thui)c
qUY6nquan Iv cua Vi~t Nam .
La t~p hQ'Prna, so thui)c quyen quan 1:9cua Vi~t Nam duQ'c
quy ho~ch th6ng OO~td~ thit l~p m~g vi~n thOng, cung c~p
va su d\lUg dich Y\lvi~n thong.
La ~p hQ'Pten va so thui)c quyen quan 1:9cua Vi~t Nam duQ'c
quy ho~ch th6ng OO~t~~ bao d~ cho ho~t dQng Intern~t. Tai
nguyen Internet bao gom ten mien, dia chi Internet, so hi~u
m~g va ten, s6
theo quy diOOcua cac t5 chUc vi~n thong
, khac
,
va Internet quoc teo
La tooo bQ dai tan so vo tuyen di~n.
Song vo tuyn di~n la song di~n til co tfrn s6 th~p han 3000
GHz truy6n Ian tv do trong khong gian, khong co dfut song
OOant~o.
La dUOngchuyen dQng cua v~ tiOOtrong khOng gian.
La thaOOphan cua m~g vi~n thong ?o chUc nang thiet l~p mQt
keOOphil hQ'Ptil mQt thue bao mlY den mi)t thue bao khac.
Trong m~g di~n tho~i, phfut chuy~n m~ch duQ'cgQi la cac
t5ng dai. Thue bao se n,h~ duQ'ckeOOphil hQ'Pd\Ia vao ca~
thong tin bao hi~u u;uyen q~a dUOng day thue bao hay truyen
tren cac m~ch ket noi cac tong dai v6i OOau.
Hi~n nay, co 2 cong ngh~ chuy~n m~ch dang duQ'cap d\lUg.
Do la cong ngh~ chlly~n m~ch kenh (CS - Circuit Switching)
va cong ngM chuy~n m~ch goi (PS - Packet Switching).
Trong m~g vi~n thOng, h~ thong bao hi~u duQ'ccoi la mi)t
phuang ti~n d~ chuy~n thong tin va cac l~nh til di~m nay dn
di~m khac, cac thong tin va cac l~OOnay co lien quan dn thit
l~p, gilim sat va giai phong cui)c gQi. Bao hi~u th\IChi~n 3
chuc nang chiOO:
- Chuc nang gilim sat (gilim slit dUOng day thue bao, trung
k...).
Quyin 1: Cae thuqi ngit
TT
kY thup-t viin
Thuatngfr
thOng
Phlin 1. rang quan m{lng viin thong
Khlii niem!Dac di~m

- ChUc nang tim chQn (dieu khien va chuyen thOng tin dia chi).
- ChUc nang khai thac va v~ hanh m~g.
II. Mane: vien thone: Viettel

TT Thuat ne:fr
Khlii niem!Dac diem
M~g di dQng Viettel duQ'cchia lam 4 lap:

- Lap nguai dimg: G6m thiet bi 'd~u cu6i nguai dung, thiet bi di
dQng...
- Lap truy nh~p: G6m cac tn;un BTS, BSC (m~g 2G), NodeB,
COu true
RNC (m~g 3G).
mfJ-ngdi
- Lap lai: G6m c6 kh6i chuy~n m~ch MSCNLR, HLRIAUC,
tlVng Viettel
GMSC, STP, cac nut h6 trQ'GPRS (SGSN, GGSN)
- Lap tmg d\lng: Cac M th6ng m~ng thong minh (lN/OCS), cac M
th6ng quan ly tin nhilo (SMS/MMS), va cac h~ th6ng dich V\lgia
tri gia tang khac (CRBT, MCA, BGM ... )
M~g truyen dful cua Viettel duQ'cchia lam 4 lap:
.
- Lap truy nh~p (Access Layer): La lap tf\!c tiep ket n6i vai cac
node access cua cac m~g dich V\l (BTS/Node B, DSLAM, PSTN,
khach hang thue kenh ... ). Dung luqng: STM-l, STM-4.
- Lap nQi tinh (Provincial Layer): La lap lOi cua tUng tinh,ket n6i
lap lien tinhva lap truy nh~p, chuy~n tai lUll luqng dich V\ltlr lap
COu true
truy nh~p len lap lien tinh (dung lUQ'ngSTM-16 tra len).
mfJ-ng
- L6'p lien tinh (Inter-Provincial Layer):np trung lUll luqng dich
truyin dan
V\l a cac tinh/ thanh ph6, chuy~n tai v~ cac trung tiim dich V\lt~i
Viettel
cac thanh ph6 Ha NQi, Da N~ng, H6 Chi Minh (dung lUQng400
Gbps, hi~n t~ chi dimg 50 Gbps).
- Lap tf\lC qu6c gia (National Backbone Layer): Ket n6i lUll luqng
cac vimg mi~n, truy~n tai dich V\lB~c-Nam, ket n6i cac hu6'og di
Qu6c te (dung luqng N x STM-64).
M~g truyen tai IP Viettel thlJC hi~n truyen tai toan bQ lUll luqng
dich V\l c6 diM (ADSL, FTTx, IPTV, Office WAN ..), dich V\1 di
dQng 2G/3G (tho~i, dft li~u, dich V\l gia tang). M~g truy~n tai IP
duQ'c chia lam 04 phan lap:
COu true
- M~g truy nh~p Metro Ethernet: ThlJc hi~n gom toan bQ lUll
mfJ-ng
luqng tlr cac di~m truy nh~p len M th6ng m~g IPBN va
truyin tiii
MPBN.
IP Viettel
- M~g IPBN: Truy~n tai lUll luqng dft li~u nQi m~g, trong nuac
va qu6c teo
- M~g MPBN: Truy~n tai lUll luqng tho~i 2GI 3G.
- M~g DCN: Giam sat, auan
cac M th6ng vin thong.
- DSLAM: T~p trung duang day ADSL va Leasedline (dung luqng
nho) cua cac thue bao.
CMre nang
- Site Router:
va eae
Ket n6i den DSLAM, Node B, Leasedline (dung luqng 16'0),cac
thanh phlin
trong mfJ-ng khach hang su d\lOgdich V\lcap quang va chuy~n dft li~u tlr cae
thanh phk d6 len m~g laL
Internet
- Core xii, Core huy~n, Core tinh, Core khu VlJC:
Viettel
np trung lUll luqng tlr 16'pduai va chuy~n len 16'ptren.
Iv
Quyin 1: Cac thul)t ngil

TT
III.
Thu~it n ii'
Clucc nang
va cac
thanh phOn
trongmfJng
PSTN
Viettel
Thuatn
Thuebao
attach
Thuebao
re istered
Thuebao
phat sinh
ClfdC
thOng
PhOn 1. Tang quan mgng viin thOng
Khai niem/J)ac di~m

Dinh tuyen dfr li~u.
- Router P: Dung d~ chuy~n m~ch nhanh gifra cac viIng, cac khll
V\fC;kt n6i sang phful chuy~n m~ch goi cua lap Core di dQng
- BRAS: Dung d~ Ullnly dia chi, dnh cuac, di~u khi~n bao m~t. ..
Cac thanh phan trong m~ng PSTN:
- DLU: La thit bi t~p trung va di~u khi~n cac dUOngday thue bao
t~i mQt khu vvc nhfit dinh. ChUc nang DLU g6m: cung cftp pin,
bao v~ qua ap, cung cftp dong chuong, gilim sat dau cu3i thue bao,
rna bOa va giai rna, chuy~n d6i 2 day/4 day, ki~m tra
- Host: La thit bi t~p trung cac DLU ho~c/va cac dUOngday thue
bao.
- Tandem: T6ng dai trung chuy~n luu IUQ1lgnQi tinh.
- TOLL: T6n dai trun chu ~n luu IUQ'n lien tinh, lien m~
cAc KHAI NIEM CHUNG
TT
kji thul)t viin
Thuebao
hOfJtilpng 2
chi2u
TllUe bao
hOfJtil{ing 1
chiJu
TllUe bao
khaibtio
Khlii niemtDac di~m

a thue bao dang b~t may rna M thOng tong dai dang quan ly t~i
ai di~m th3ng ke.
.
00 di~m th3ng ke la thai di~m lfiy s3 li~u theo yeu cau C\lth~ nao
do (hao cao co quan quan ly,lfiy dfr li~u dlinh gia tang truang thue
ao h\lc V\lcong tac u ho~ch, chin luQ'c..)
a thue bao dang b~t may ho~c thue bao da tat may nhung chua
ua 24h tinh dn thai di~m th3zi ke.
a thue bao co pMt sinh it nbat 01 dong doanh thu trong thang
bao g6m ca doanh thu khuyn m~i ho~c doanh thu a bfit CIItai
oan nao - 3c/ khu n m~i).
a thue bao co th~ lien l~c chi~u gQi di, su d\lllg cac dich Y\lgia tri
ia tang (GTGT - nu con ti~n) va nh~ lien l~c chi~u gQi dn.
a thue bao bi ch~ chieu gQi di, khong su d\lng duQ'c cac dich Y\l
TGT (trir dich Y\l GTGT da thanh toan ti~n ti.rtruac nhu Imuzik,
CA, ...) do ht thai h~ sir d\lllg (m~c du tai khoan con ti~n ) d6i
ai TB tra truac ho~c chua thanh toan cuac thang truac d3i vm
ue bao tra sau.
hue bao khai hao: S6 thue bao khai hao tren M thOng HLR,
illing, OCS.
(HLR
7
Thuebao
active OCS
Thue bao active: S6 thue bao kich ho~t goi cuac tren OCS
Quyen 1: Cae ay thuat ngw viin thOng
Phlin 1. Tang quan m(lng viin thOng
lflnh 1: T6~g quat mgng Viettel
Quyin 1: Cac thuV-t ngu
III. Mqt
kY thuq.t viin
t/tOng
Phan 1. Tang quan mpng viin t/tOng
sa d~ng dU'O'ngdi clla cuqc gqi tho~i (Call flow).
1. Di d9ng Viettel
+-7
ca dinh Viettel
- TruOng hqp cimg khu vvc: Di dQng +-7BTS/Node B +-7BSCIRNC +-7MSC +-7GMSC
+-7TOLL +-7Tandem +-7Host +-7c6 dinh.
- TruOng hqp khlic khu vvc: Di dQng +-7BTS/Node B +-7BSCIRNC +-7MSC +-7GMSC
+-7TOLL(1) +-7TOLL(2) +-7Tandem +-7Host +-7c6 dinh.
2. Di d9ng Viettel
+-7
Homephone
Viettel (trU'Unghf/P dmg khu v{l'c)
- TruOng hqp dmg MSC: Di dQng +-7 BTS +-7 BSC +-7 MSC +-7 BSC +-7 BTS +-7
Homephone.
- TruOng hqp khlic MSC:
T6ng dfli chuy~n m~ch mm su dVng cong ngM IP: Di dQng H BTS +-7BSC +-7
MSS +-7MSS# +-7BSC +-7BTS +-7Homephone.
T6ng dfli chuy~n m~ch mm su dVng cong ngM TDM: Di dQng +-7BTS +-7BSC +-7
MSC +-7GMSC +-7MSC# +-7BSC +-7BTS +-7Homephone.
3. Di d9ng Viettel
+-7
Di d9ng mfJ-ngkhac
Di dQng Viettel +-7BTS/Node B +-7BSCIRNC +-7MSC +-7GMSC Viettel +-7GMSC

m~g khlic +-7MSC +-7BSCIRNC +-7BTS/ Node B +-7Di dQng m~g khlic.
4. Di d9ng Viettel
+-7
ca dinh mfJ-ngkhac
Di dQng Viettel +-7BTS +-7BSC +-7MSC +-7GMSC Viettel +-7TOLL Viettel +-7
TOLL m~g khlic +-7Tandem +-7Host +-7c6 dinh m~g khlic.
5.
ca dinh
Viettel
+-7
ca dinh mfJ-ngkhac
c6 dinh Viettel +-7Host +-7Tandem +-7TOLL Viettel +-7TOLL m~g khlic +-7
Tandem +-7Host +-7c6 dinh m~g khlic
6. Til"thue hao di d9ng 3G truy nh~p internet
Di dQng +-7Node B +-7RNC +-7SGSN +-7GGSN +-7Internet
10
Quvln 1: Cae thuDt ngii
kg thuDt viin thOng
PhfJn 2. M(lng di dpng
pHAN 2. MANG DI DONG
vo tuy~n
A. M~ng
I. Khai ni~m chung

1. Nhom khai ni~m v~ vimg phil
1. Goe n an
Tilt, dun vi do: do
Khai ni~m:
- La goc xac diOOdi) Cl,lP,ngfulg
clla anten, co tac dl,lfig diu
chiOOviIng pM song clla cell.
- Co 3 lo~i Tilt: Tilt co, tilt dien
va tilt t6ng, trong do:
.
Tilt t6ng = Tilt co + Tilt
nllt~ng
di~n.
nitta \
Ti!t cO': duqc thay d6i bfutg cach
dieu chiOO C(J khi h~ th5ng ga
clla antenna. Tilt co duoc tiOO
b~g goc hqp bai m~it' phfutg
nam ngang (song song vai m~t
dAt) va dUOng thfutg vuong goc
vai m~t Clla antenna (goc nay
ciiJ}gbfutg goc OOQnt~o bai m~t
phang antenna va dUOng th~g
Chieu cao cQt J
vo goc vai m~t dAt).
Chieu cao GSM
Tilt di~n: dl!<Jcdiu chiOObfutg
cach thay doi pha clla tin hieu
vao m6i chAn tlr Clla ante~a.
Hinh 2: G6c Tilt cua Antenna
Tilt di~n duqc tinh bfutg goc ~o
bai tia vuong goc vai m~t Giai tbich:
Hinh v~ tren the hi~n m~t dt dimg cua song
antenna va trl,lc Clla blip song
vo tuyen duqc pMt di til antenna.
chinh.
- Tia Upper va tia lower la t~p hqp cac diem co
Tblfc ti~n: Antenna co tilt t6ng
cUOngdi) b(suy hao 3dB so vai cUOngdi) thu
cang 16'n (C1,1ptilt) thi blin kiOO
duqc clla diem tuang (rng nfim tren trl,lcClla
phll cang bi thu h~p. Nguqc l~i,
blip song chinh thea m~t dt dimg.
ant~nna co tilt t6ng cang 006
- Goc hqp bai 2 tia nay la 7 di) va duqc gQi la
(ngang tilt) thi ban kiOO phll
goc suy hao 3dB.
cang dU<JCrna ri)ng.
11
Quyin 1: Cac thugt ngu

2. Goc hf,fun
kji thugt
viin thOng
PhOn 2. MfJ.ng di deng
vi 'Azimuth, dun vi do: do :
Khai ni~m: La goc duQ'c ~o Mi

tia vuong goc v&i mi;itantenna va
huang chinh B~c, quay theo
chieu kim d6ng h6.
Th,!c ti~n: Goc phuong vi xac
dinh huang pM song clla cell va
duQ'Cthit k theo mvc dfch pM
song. Trong do, uu tien 1: pM
song khu VlJCdan cu, uu tien 2:
pM song dUOng giao thOng.
e (degrees)
180
o gain
(dBi)
270
Hinh 3: Mijt edt ngang cua song va tuyn au(!c

, phat ai tit antenna
Hinh 4: Goc Azimuth cua Antenna
3. Do cao anten (dun vi do: m :
La dQ cao treo anten, tinh tU day anten den mi;itdilt va duQ'c thiet ke de dam bao
M song Cllatr{lill.
'1Jj ':,"
4. Do cao cot aun vi do: m :
Khai ni~m: La dQ cao Clla CQttreo anten, Hnh tU dinh cQt den chan cQt.
Th,!c ti~n: f)Q cao CQtduQ'c thit ktheo mvc dfch pM song va di;icdi~m Clla vi tri di;it
cQt.f)Q cao CQt h6 bin CllaViette11a: 36m, 42m, 48m, 54m va 60m.
2. Nh6m khai Diem ve tai D u en

TT
Thuat n if
GoS
(Grade of Service dQ dich V\l,
eel
'
Khai niem!l>ac diem,

a thong so xac dinh tY 1~nghen cho phep Clla m~ng. Vi dv:
oS = 2%, nghla la t~i mQt thai di~m co 100 cUQcg9i tren
~g thi 2 cUQcg9i khong th~ thvc hi~n duQ'c do khong con
12
Quvin 1: Cae thuQt ngu

TT
kg thuq-t viin
Thuat n fr
don vi do: %):
Phlin 2. Mgng di tlpng
thOng
Khai niemIDae di~m

enh r6i con g9i la nghen m~g).
a thong so duQ'c su d\ll1g de danh gili hi~u swit su d\ll1gtai
guyen vo tuy~n cua m~g (cell, BTS/ Node B, tinh, khu
. c, toan m~g). TU duQ'ctinh theo cong thuc:
TU (%)
Luu h.rgnggia cao di~m
= -------
LUll
TU
(Traffic Utilisation
- Hi~u su&tsu d\mg
titi nguyen, don vi
do:%):
lU'(;mg dap ll'ng
Trong do:
+ Ml}.ng2G:
LUll luqng gia cao di~m (Ed): LUll luqng duQ'c lAy til
s5 li~u th5ng ke lUll luqng vao gia cao di~m hang ngay
LUll luqng dap Ung (Ed): LUll luqng rna h~ th5ng co
khA nang h6 trQ' duQ'c tra til bang Edang B Ung vai s5
kenh TCH toan t5c va e&pd(>dich Y\l(GoS) la 2%.
+ Ml}.ng3G:
LUll luqng gia cao di~m, duQ'ctinh bfulg tBng lUllluqng
tho~i (Ed) va data (MB), trong d6 Ed duQ'c quy dBi ra
don vi MB theo cong thuc 1 Ed = 45 ME.
LUll luqng dap dUng cua 1 ce1l3G la 1800 MB.
Gilii thieh: cach quy dBi 1 Ed = 45 MB
3. Nh6m khai ni~m v~ himh vi tieu dung

TT
Thuat n fr
Erlang
(Vi~t t~t:Erl)
Mega Bytes
B
Khai niem/ Dae di~m

a don vi do cua lUll luqng (traffic) tren M thOng, duQ'ctinh
eo cong th(rc:
nlltt
A(Erl)=-
rong d6: A la lUll luqng do bfing Ed; n la s5 Cll(>C

g9i, t la d(>
ai trung binh cua m6i cu(>cg9i, do bfing giay (s), T la thai gian
o thuan T= 3600s);
La don vi do cua lUllluqng data tren
M th5ng.
Gia Peak tho~i (peak CS):

La gia rna lUll luqng tho~i cua m~g 160 nh&t(la khoang thai
gian nhiu thue bao g9i nh&t, gia peak tho~i muc m~g thuang
3
GUy Peak (GUy tiI 19h d~n 20h hang ngay).

eao di~m)
Gia Peak data (peak PS):

La gia rna lUll Iuqng data cua m~g 160 nh&t(la khoang thai
gian tfme bao download dfi' li~u nhiu nh&t, gia peak data cua
m~ng thuang til 20h d~n 23h hang ngay).
13
Quyn 1: Cae thugt ngil' kg thugt viin thOng
BnCA(Busy
Hour Call
Attem~t:
IAn
yeu cau cUQC
gQi trong giir
cao di~m
sa
BHCAlSub
mErl/Sub
MB/sub
Phlin 2. M{lng di itpng
La t6ng s6 yeu du cue)c g9i tho~i vao t6ng dai trong gia cao
di~m (cue)c g9i do co th~ duqc t6ng dai k~t n6i thfmh cong
ho~c khong thfmh cong). Blnh thuang, BHCA trung blnh clla 1
thue bao la 1,2 BHCA/thue bao.
DiIng de dcinh gia hfmh vi khach hang theo so cue)c g9i de ph\lc
V\ldinh ca, han b6 h~ th6ng cho hiI h.
DiIng de dcinh gia hfmh vi khach himg theo thai luqng cue)cg9i
d~ h\lc V\ldinh ca, han b6 M th6ng cho hiI h. .
DiIng de dcinh gia hfmh vi khach hang theo dung luqng data sir
d\lDgtrong thang/tuAn/ngay d~ ph\lc V\ldinh ca, phan b6 h~
th6ng cho hiI hgp.
4. Nhom khai ni~m v~ tin hi~u

TT
Thuat ngft
Khai niem!Dac di~m

La don vi do tY so cong suat, con g9i Ia don vi do cong suat
1 dB (decibel)
liong d6i.
La don vi do cong suat tuy~t doi, bieu diSn cuang de) clla tin
2 dBm
hi~u vo tuy~n. Vi d\l: 1W = 30 dBm
La thOng so bieu diSn khii nang khuech d~i tin hi~u clla me)t
G (Gain: D{i
anten dinh hu6ng.
ling feh elia
Duqc xac dinh bing tY s6 gina de) 160 Clla cong suit hUc x~ clla
3 anten, itun vi ito:
anten dang xet t~i me)t di~m ~heo hu6ng chinh ta:n clla bup song
dBi)
chinh so v6'i de)160 cong suat hUc Xf;ltinh tf;lidiem do clla anten
dl1nghu6ngd~t ciIng vi tri voo anten dang xet.
Ly thuy~t:
- Chenh l~ch cuang de)tin hi~u gina trong nha va ngoai
nha
Tbl}'c ti~n: M~ng 2G, 3G
Suy hao cuirng
- Khu V1JC
trung tam thfmh ph6 (Dense Urban): ~25 dB
dQ tin bi~u gifta
Khu V1JCngof;li0 thanh ph6, thi xa (Urban): ~20 dB
4
trong nba va
- Khu V1JC
d6ng b~ng dong dan cu (SubUrban): ""15dB
ngoai nba
- Khu V1JCnong thOn (Rural): -10dB
- Khu V1JCmin nui: ~ 10dB
Gia tri thlJc t~ clla timg khu V1JCdia hlnh sf: duqc do ki~m If;li
trong qua trinh t6i uu.
14
Quyin 1: Cae thu(it ngii
kji thuW
viin thOng
Phan 2. Mgng di ilpng
II. M~ng vo tuy~n 2G

1. Thanh
ph~n m~ng vo tuy~n 2G
TT
Thuatn2ii'
BSC(Base
Station
Controller BQ diu
khin tr~
g&c)
BTS(Base
Transceiver
Station Tr~thu
pMt g&c)
MS(Mobile
Subscriber Thue bao di
dQng)
Khai niemlDac di~m

- 1;a kh&i ehuepang diu khin, giam sat cae BTS,quan Iy tai nguyen vo
tuyen tren h~ thong, co cae ehuc nang nhu:
Quan Iy tr~ BTS: ThiSt l~p cAuhinh, tful s&,neighbour ...;
Quan ly m~g vo tuySn: Xu ly cac ban tin bao hi~u, diu khin;
quan ly kenh vo tuySn: Kh&i t~o, An dinh, giai ph6ng kenh vo
tuyen;
ThiSt I~p va gilli ph6ng qua trinh chuyn giao cho MS di chuyn
tir viIng pM cua tr~m BTS nay sang tr~m BTS khac trong cimg
BSC;
np trung lun IUQ11g
cua cac thue bao dang kSt n&i;
Th1,1'chi~n chuc nang cua kh&i TRAU ( Transcoder and Rate
Adaption Unit: Kh&i chuyn d6i rna va thich Ung t&cdQ);
- Quan ly m~ng truyn dan dSn MSCI SGSN va BTS:
BSC kSt n&i vai MSC qua giao di~n A cho dich Vl,ltho~i, kSt n&i
vai SGSN qua giao di~n Gb cho dich Vl,ldfr 1i~u(data).
BSC kSt n&ivai BTS qua giao di~n Abis'
- Cac BSC cua Viettel do cac Trung tam Ky thu~t Khu V1JCqUlln ly t~p' ~
trung t~i cac t6ng tr~.;
,
- BTS III phful ill kSt n&i gifra cac thue bao di dQng (MS) va m~g" (
thong qua BSC). BTS co cae chuc nang sau:
'\ ,.:
Quan Iy thul pMt bao hi~u va thong tin tren kenh v~t ly;
puai S1,1'
diu khin cua BSC, pMt quang ba cac thOng tin M
~hOngtren kenh BCCR, pMt cac thong tin tim gQi tren kenh PCH
r
an dinh cac kenh danh rieng;:1
Ma hoa, gilli rna va ghep kenh.
!
I- BTS kSt n&i vai MS qua giao di~n vo tuySn Urn, vai BSC qua giao
~i~nAbis.
I- Cac BTS cua Viettel duqc giao cho cac Chi nhinh Viertel tinhl TP
~uan ly.
I- MS bao g6m ME (Mobile Equipment
- ThiSt. bi di dQng) va SIM
.
~Subscriber Identifier Module - Kh&inh~ d~g thue bao). Trang do:
ME: La may di~n tho~i di dQng.
SIM: La the nha thOng minh duqc gful tren ME, co lun trfr thong
tin v s&thue bao, rna s&m~g di dQng, cac rna s&ph\lc Vl,lcho vi~c
nh~ th1,1'C
thue bao.
I- MS kSt n&ivai m~g
thOng qua BTS tren giao di~n vo tuySn Urn'
2. Khai ni~m v~ tai nguyen, dung hrClng m~ng 2G

TT
1
Thu(it nJ!ii
Bang tan
26
Khai ni~m/Bi;ic diem

Lythuy~t
- Bang tfulla dlli tful s&duqc giai h~ Mi 1 tful s&thApnhAtva I tful s&
~aonhk
- Bang tful duqc su d\lng d truyn tin hi~u vo tuySn gifra MS va BTS.
15
Quyin 1: Cac thuQ.tngit

TT
kj thugl viin t!tOng
Thuat n it
PhOn 2. M{lng di ilpng
KMi ni~mlD~c diem
Thvc ti~n
D6i vai bang tfut 2G, Viette1 duQ'cdp phep va su d\ll1gthi~t bi thu
Mt vo tuy~n di~n cong ngh~ GSM hOl;ltd9ng & bang tfut 900 MHz va
1800 MHz. Trong do:
Bang tfut 900 MHz: Viette1 duQ'cdp 41 kenh, m6i kenh co d9 r9ng
200 KHz, thu tv kenh ill 43 d~n 83;
Bang tfut 1800 MHz: Viette1 duQ'cdp 100 kenh, m6i kenh co d9
r9ng 200 KHz, thu tv kenh ill 712 d~n 811;
~
'~
$$M!iloct
A,
~~
~,~''.'9':'Q~~h;:~~kH~,
,"3~H)"
)~r~
~inh 2QOkM:::
1710~~A
I
A."- ~
,515-
,"S:
.960
".~
'
,~
1l'$S
I.
B{fng J<!1l'C-;SA(900,\(F#\JlJbii!l'f{
UIl)S
tt~l /l:$MJ8{jOM/1z
Hinh 5: Bang tan GSM 900MHz va bang tan GSM 1800MHz

Hinh 6:
cliu hinh
2
cua tr{lm
BTS
FRvaHR
Luu lU(fng
tho{li
ErVTRX
a so card thu pMt (TRX) duQ'c diu hinh va Hip d~t tl;litrl;lffi.De diun bao
, g pM, cac trl;lmBTS thuCmg co 3 cell, m6i cell thuCmg co c&uhinh 2
?~~
4 _TRX. s6 1uqng
nhiu hay it ph\! thu9C vao m~t d9 thue bao tl;l~~;.~
!tn dl;lttrl;lmcao ha tha .
~rii;1i'v-, '
a thOng so cho bi~t tOC,d9 rna hoa thol;li duQ'c dung cho kenh thol;lila FK;~~E~
ull Rate - Tow toc: Toc
d9
tuong (eng tren giao di~n Urn 1a 13 kbps) hav;:~,N,
,
,
, {hr}n{"
(Half Rate - Ban toc: Toc d9 tuong (eng tren giao di~n Urn 1a6,5 kbp~1!. ~l;~"
i 1uu 1uqng ml;lllgtang cao, 01 khe thai gian duQ'c danh rieng cho tm .:1'"
ue bao dang hOl;ltd9ng & ch~ d9 FR ( 01 kenh FR) duQ'c diu khin tach"
hanh 02 kenh HR d ph\!c Vl) cho 02 thue bao. Nhu v~y, dung 1uqng
l;lllgco th duQ'ctang g& dol.
y thuyet: La 1uu 1uqng thol;lico the dap (eng duQ'ctoi da tren 1 b9 thu pMt
TRX).
1JCtin:
Luu 1uqng thol;lisu d\!ng t6i da tren 1 b9 thu pMt (TRX) d dam bao s6
ell co tY 1~nghen kenh TCH < 2% chi~m <1 % t6ng s6 cell cua tow ml;lllg
usau:
Cell du hinh 2TRX: 6.5 ErVTRX; tuong (eng vai 13 Ed/Cell
Cell du hinh 4TRX: 8.6 ErVTRX; tuong (eng vm 34.4 Ed/Cell
~ nh~t 1fut1:
.
-rp:
a ,nang ph\lc
Khll nang
ph(lc V(l
cua cell
V\l dang thi'ri:
"
a so thue bao thol;li (su d\ll1g kenh toan tOc) toida co the ph\!c Vl) duQ'c
6ng thai cua m9t cell. DuQ'cxac dinh nhu sau:
s6 thue bao thol;lid6ng thai = 8* s6 TRX - 1 TS BCCH - s6 TS khai bao
ho SDCCH - s6 TS khai bao dwh rieng cho EDGE.
i d\!: cell co 2TRX, khai bao 2 kenh SDCCH va 1 TS danh rieng cho
DGE 7 t6ng s6 thue bao thol;lico th chl;l d6n thai 1a: 8*2 - 1 - 2 - 1
16
Quyin 1: Cae thuvt ngu

TT
PhOn 2. M{lng di tlpng
tltOng
KMi ni~m/D~c diem

12.
hi nang ph1}cV1}:
ng vai muc dQ su d\!ng cua thue bao la 30 mErVSub/gia, 1 cell cfiu hinh
TRX co dung hrQ'llgh6 trQ't6i da la 13 Ed se dap (mg duQ'c433 thue bao
ron 1 gia. Tuan tv cell cAuhinh 4TRX da Un duQ'c 1147 thue bao.
3. Khai ni~m v~
TT
kj thuvt viln
VilDg
Thuat ngfi'
phu
Khai niem/Dac diSm
Ly thuySt
Cong suat
phat eiia
eellBTS
(dan vi do:
dBmho~c
W)
Cuimg
tlV
tin hi?u thu
2G
(Rxlevel,
don vi do:
dBm ho~c
W)
~a tBng cong suAt pMt t~i dAu ra cua cac kh6i thu pMt (TRX) duQ'c cfiu'
h}nh cho cell BTS. Cong suAtpMt ph\! thuQc vao cAuhinh cua cell, bang
tan ho~t dQng va lo~i tU cua vendor l}ao.
I.
Th1}'cte:
- Tr(lffl 900: Cong suAt pMt cua tr~m d~t gia tri Ian nhAt ~4 7
dBm/TRX (50W) d6i vai cell cfiu hinh 2 TRX, ~44 dBm/TRX d6i
vai Cell cfiu hinh 4TRX.
Tr(lffl 1800~ Cong suAt,pMt cua tr~ d~t gia tri 100, nhAt ~45
dBm/TRX doi vai Cell diu hinh 2 TRX, ~42 dBm/TRX doi vai Cell
cfiu hinh 4TRX
La thong so bi~u di~n cong suat tin hi~u vo tuyen 2G thu duQ'c t~i MS ,
ho~c BTS (duang len), cho bi~t song m~nh hay yu.
\
Gia tri cua RxLev trong khoang tir -110 dBm (song rAt yu) tai -47 dBm :'
'song rAtkhoe).
'
,
Thrrc tien:
,,
Khu vuc TplTx dang bing
Khu vuc mi~n nui
l
I<
>= -75dBm
.
, r.:
>=-8 dBm
Mti'c tat
(dAysong va 5n dinh)
~
. .;.
-75 den -90 dBm
Mti'cchip
'[?'
,
-80 dSn- 5dBm.
(dAysong va kh6ng 5n dinh)
nMn duO'c
<=-90dBm
<=-95dBm.
Mti'c tBi
(kh6ng dAysong)
.
La thong s6 bi@udi~n chAt IUQ'llgtin hi~u vo tuyn m~g 2G thu duQ'ct~i

MS, duQ'c do bfulg tY s6 cong suA!tin hi~u thu duQ'Cva nhi~u t~i may thu.
Chat lU(1ng
ell dng 100 thi chAt IUQ'llgcua tin hi~u cang t6t, it co nhi~u va nguQ'c I~i.
tin hi?u 2G
Thrrc ti~n:
(CIl, don vi
Muc t6t: > 15 dB
do: dB)
Muc chApnh~n duQ'c: 12-15 dB
Muc t6i: < 12 dB
17
Qurin 1: Cac thulit ngir
TT
kg thupt
viin thOng
Thuat n if
Phlin 2. M{lng di ilpng
Khlii niem!Dac di~m
~'''''"~.~
.....
i"'.'-
.. "j'"
. I
...
r.
INTERt=ERENCESiG-NAL
+"
....
_. ..... - ..
":-.
~--
~~l'l~l~_~~.~
Hinh 7: Tin hi?u nhilu
va tin hi?u song
mang
Lythuy~t
La khoang each til chan tr~m dn diem xa nh~t theo huang bUp song
hinh rna dich V\l con dam bao ch~t IUQ'Ilg.
BKPS ph\! thuQc vao dQ cao treo anten, goc ngAng (Tilt), tfuI s6 sir
\lOg va cong su~t pMt clla anten. Ngoai ra, BKPS con ph\! thuQc vao dia
inh, moi truOng truyn song.
Th .
c tiin:
Ban kfnh
phlisong
clia m{jt cell
(don vi do:
rn, km)
.~~
~'bl
-:r.c;;;'
BKPS tmg v6'i cUOng dQ tin 'hi~u Wi thieu trong nha (RxLevel)
90dBm:
Uei Vlti!f
Ban kinh hU son
Bfa hinh
.; 10111j
900 MHz
1800 MHz~N',6i.
Khu Y\lC trung tam thanh pM (Dense
250m- 350m
150m-250nl7i
Urban), vai dQ cao anten trimg binh -25m:
Khu Y\lC ngoliri0 thanh pho, thj xli (Urban),
550m- 800m
370m-540m
vm dQ cao anten trung binh -30m:
Khu Y\lC dong bang dong dan cu
(SubUrban), vai dQ cao
anten
trung 1.3km- 2.5km
870m-l.7km
binh-36m:
Khu Y\lC nang than (Rural), vai dQ cao 3 km- 4 km
2 km- 3.7km
anten trung binh -42m
Khu Y\lC mien nui, vai dQ cao anten trung
>4km
Kh6ng sit dl,mg
binh-57m:
,:~m
~!,
Ly thuy~t:
La di~n tich clla hinh I\!c giac co dUOng kinh Ia ban kinh phll song clla
rnQt cell.
ThU'ctiin:
5
Di?n tfch
phlisong
clia m{jt cell
(don vi do:
km2)
Di~~ tich pM song tmg v6'i cuOng dQ tin hi~u t6i thiu trong nha.
(RxLevei ~ -90dBm (di?n t[ch tuem Un
Dien ti h
Bfa hinh
900 MHz
Khu Y\lC trung tam thanh ph6 (Dense
Tit 0.041 din
Urban), vai dQ cao anten trung binh
0.08km2.
~25m:
Khu Y\lC ngo~i a thanh phD, thj xli
Tit 0.196 din
rban, vai dQ cao anten trun binh
Quvln 1: Cae thu{it ngii kji thu{it viin thOng

TT
Thuat
ngfr
'((hai niem/Diic di@m

~30m:
0.416kmL
Khu V\l'C dong bang dong dan cu
Tit 1.098
(SubUrban), v6i dQ cao anten trung binh
den 4.059km
~6m:
Khu V\l'Cnong thon (Rural), v6i dQ cao
anten trung binh ~42m:
Tit 5.85 din

10.4 km2
Khu V\l'C miSn nill, v6i dQ cao anten

trung binh ~57m:
> 10.4 km2
kmL
2
Tit 0.92 din

1.87km2
Tit 2.594
din 4.735
km2
Kh6ngszl
dl,mg
- Vimg 16m lit viIng/khu vvc/dol;lIl du<mg khong co song ho~c song rAt
\l~U, duQ'c xac dinh qua thong s6 RxLev do duQ'c ho~c s6 v~ch song tren
6
..Vimglom
~~~ili~.~~:
f-
4.
~
,,,
2G
MQt
sa khai
'I
.\\'~
V &i khu VVCthitnh pM dong bang, RxLev < -90 dEm.

V&i khu VVCmin nlii, RxLev < - 95 dBm
Ho~c s6 v~ch song tren di~n tho~i con < 2/3 t6ng s6 v~ch song.
>rONG
'~~tltU
i C;11~~
'1';",>
\ V;A'""i
~~\.~t
~,~
ni~m V~ ch~t hrQ'Dg dich VI}
"':,:1.iJ
Gt
.,~
\.
Khlii niem/dac diem

TT
Thu~tngfr
Vi~t tiit
each tInh
Target'~~
mucml}.n~l;\
(%)
Ti l~ nghen kSnh bao hi~u

SI?CCH vilOgia cao
diSm (Peak)
Ti l~ nghen kSnh tho;;U

vao gia cao di~m (Peak)
TCRp
(T6ng s6 lfuI dp pMt kSnh TCH khong

duQ'cdo het kSnh / t6ng s6 lfuI ySu du d.p
pMt kSnh TCH)* 100%.
TY l~ rat kSnh bao hi~u

(peak)
SDRp
(T6ng s6 rat kSnh bao hi~u danh riSng /

T6ng s6 kSnh bao hi~u ranh riSng dii thiet
l~p thanh cong)* 100%.
Ti l~ thiSt l~p cUQCgQi

thanh cong gia cao di~m
(Peak)
CSSRp
Ti l~ rat cUQcgQi gia cao

di~m (Peak)
CDRp
Ti l~ chuySn giao cUQc

gQi thanh cong gia cao
di~m (peak)
~'}t
SCRp
(T6ng s6 lfuI dp phat kSnh bao hi~u

khong duQ'cdo hSt kSnh/ t6ng s6 lfuI ySu
du dp pMt kSnh bao hi~u)* 100%.
0.15/
0.6
0.33
HOSRp
(Tong so cUQcgQi duQ'cthiSt l~p thanh

cong /t6ng s6 lfuIthiet l~p cUQc
gQi)*100%
[Tong so cUQcgQi bi rat /(tong so cUQcgQi
dii duQ'cthiet l~p + t6ng s6 CUQCHO vao
thanh cong - t6ng s6 cUQcHO ra thanh
cong)]* 100%
(Tong so cUQcHandover ra kh6i cell thanh
cong / T6ng s6 cUQcHandover ra kh6i
cell)* 100%.
~:}
99.44
0.59
98.96
19
Quyin 1: Cae tltul)t ngii
kY tltul)t viin
thOng
Pltan 2. Mgng di ilpng
III. Mlolng vo tuy~n 3G

1.Thimh phin mlolng 3G
TT
Khai nUim/f)ac di~m

i- La khf,i cht'rc nang di~u khi~n, giam sat cac Node B, qwin ly tai
nguyen vo tuy~n tren M thf,ng, c6 cac chi'rc nang nhu:
Qwin ly tr~ Node B: Thi~t l~p cAuhinh, tAn sf"
neighbour ...;
Qu~ ly m~g vo tuy~n: Xir ly cac ban tin bao hi~u, di~u
khien;
Qulm If kenh vo tuy~n: KMi t~o, fu1 dinh, gild ph6ng kenh
vo tuyen;
RNC(Radio
Network
Thi~t l~p va gilli ph6ng qua trinh chuy~n giao cho MS di
chuy~n tir vimg phil clla tr~ Node B nay sang tr~m Node B
Controller khac trong cung RNC;
Bp iliJu
np trung lUllluQ'ngclla cac thue bao dang k~t nf,i;
kltien m{lng
Blio m~t va toan vt(n du li~u. Sau thll 1\Jcnh~n thgc va th6a
vo tuyin)
thu~ kh6a, cac kh6a bao m~t va toan vt(n du li~u duQ'c d~t
vaoRNC;
Quan ly m~g truy~n dful d~n MSC/SGSN va Node B: RNC
k~t nf,i v6'i MSC/SGSN qua giao di~n Iu-cs/ Iu-ps. RNC k~t
noi v6'i Node B qua giao di~n Iub'
- Cac RNC clla Viertel do cac Trung tam Ky thu~t Khu VlJC qwin
Y t~p trung t~i cac t6ng tr~m.
- Node B la phAn tir k~t nf,i giua cac thi~t bi di dQng (UE) va
m~g. Node B c6 cac cht'rc nang co ban nhu di~u phf,i da truy nh~p
:::honhi~u thi~t bi nguai dung, cAp phat tai nguyen vo tuy~n, t~p
rung lUll luQ'llgnguai dUng vao kenh truy~n dful.
NodeB
- Node B Viertel ho~t dQng tren dlii tAn 2110 - 2170 MHz.
- Node B k~t nf,i v6'i RNC qua giao di~n Iub'
- Cac Node B clla Viertel duQ'c pharr cho cac Chi nhanh Viertel
inh/ TP qulin ly.
UE bao gom dau cuoi nguCYidUng (UE) va khoi nh~n d~ng thue
)ao (USIM):
- UE: Bao g6m di~n tho~i di dQng ho~c cac thi~t bi dAu cuf,i truy
:lh~p Internet nhu modem (Dcom 3G, Homegateway), k~t nf,i v6'i
UE
'J"odeB qua giao di~n vo tuy~n Uu.
- USIM: La the nh6' thOng minh, duQ'c gAn tren UE, lUll trU nhung
hOng tin nhu sf, di~n tho~i, rna sa m~g di dQng, cac rna sf, phvc V\l
cho vi~c nh~ thgc thue bao.
Thuat n2ft
2. Khai ni~m v~ tiii nguyen, dung hrQ'ng 3G

TT
1
Thuat n ft
Khai niem/f)ac di~m
Bang tan di
ilpng 3G
Lythuy~t
Bang tAnla diUtAnsf, duQ'cgi6'i h~ b6'i 1 tAn sf, thAp nhAtva 1 tAn sf,
aonhk
Bang tAn duQ'c sir dVng d~ tru ~n tin hi~u vo tuy~n iua MS va Node
20
Phan 2. M{lng di a(jng
Quyin 1: Cac thuQ-tngickj thuQ-tviin thong
TT
KMi niem!Diic cli~m
Thuat ngii'
~.
Cac tai
nguyen
m{lng
va
tuyin3G
Thtrc ti~n
Hi~~ t~i Viertel co 4.5 kenh tful s6 3G 6 bang tful 2100 MHz (bang
thong 5 MHz! kenh), trong do 4 kenh lien 1\Jcill 2115 dn 2135 MHz.
Kenh tful s6 con I~i dang dung chung, chua co phan djnh ra rang v
phl;lillvi sir d\mg v6'i m~g Vietnamobile.
Tai nguyen m.rc cell (carrier):
- Tai nguyen cong suAt cltr<mgxu6ng: Trong m~ng Viertel dang khai
bao cong suAtph6 bin la 20W/cell (song mang). TAt cac cac kt n6i
tho~i, data, bao hi~u du tieu t6n mi)t Im;mg cong suAt nhAt dinh
trong t6ng 20W tren.
_Tai nguyen ma tr,!c giao cltr(mg xu6ng (code): Dung d~ trai ph6
tin hi~u clla ngm'ri dting, m6i mi)t cell 3G co 128 rna trlJc giao
SF128. M6i mi)t dich vv khac nhau thi tieu t6n rna trvc giao khac
nhau.
- Vi dV: M6i mi)t cUQcgQi tho~i cful 1 rna SF128, tuy nhien m6i mi)t
kt n6i data v6'i t6c di) 128 Kbps, cful mi)t IUQ1lgtai nguyen tuemg
duemg v6'i 8 SF128.
- Tai nguyen nhi~u cltri'rnglen.
Tai nguyen m.rc NodeB:
- Tai nguyen CE (channel elecment): la tai nguyen xir Iy clio mi)t
cui)c gQi (cll tho~i, bao hi~u va data). G6m 2 dUOng: CE UL va C~\
OC.
Khii
nang
ph(lc V(I cua
ce1l3G
.li~:.
- M6i mi)t dich V\l khac nhau thi t!eu ~6ntai nguyen CE khac nhau.
Tai nguyen lub: bang th0l.!gtr;ty~n.dan tren giao di~n Iub git!a Nodlfil:: 1
va RNC. Bang thong yeu diu toi thieu cho 1 cell 3G la 7 Mbps.$:;f
Ly thuyet: Nang IlJc dap lIng dich V\l clla cell 3Gtrong dieu ki~n bin1f
thuOng 6 ml;lngViertel.
Th,!c ti~n:
D6i v~ tr,m cAu hinh 1/1/1:
- Neu chi sir dVng Data:
Nang IlJc la t6c di) dt! li~u trung binh clla Cell3G.
Tr~m Inbuilding: 8 Mbps/Cell.
KV Thanh ph6: 5 Mbps/Cell.
KV Nong than: 7 Mbps/Cell.
- Nu chi sir dVng thol;li: I cell 3G co th~ h6 trq ~49 kt nbi thol;li
d6ng thoi, tuemg lIng voo traffic thol;lioffer la ~40 Ed.
Ghi cM: V 6'i offer clla Data dang sir dl,lllgtrong m~g Viertella
1800MB/gio -7 quy d6i 1 Ed = 1800MB/40Ed = 45 MB.
3. Khlii ni~m v~ vimg phD

TT
Thuat ngii'
Khai niem!Diic cli~m
, Lythuy~t
Cong sufit La t6ng cong suAtpMt 6 dau ra clla card thu pMt.
cua
phat
Thl}'c t~:
cell (dem vi Trong m~g Viertel hi~n dang cAuhinh cM yu:
do: dBm).
- Cong suAtpMt ClJCdl;liclla I cell3G la: 43 dBm (20W)
21
.,'
Quvn 1: Cae thufi ngii

TT
Thriat nrr
Ctritng ilV
tin hi?u thu
2
(RSCP
- don vi do:
dBrn)
3G
Chat [mlng
tin lli?u 3G
(EclNo).
kj thuV-tviln thOng
Khai niem/Dac di~m

- Cong suilt pMt tren kenh CPICH (mong t1;rkenh BCCH): 33dBrn (2W)
Ly thuy~t
- Lil rnuc tin hi~u vo tuyen thu duQ'ct~i UE ho~c Node B; danh gia rnuc
dQ rn~yeu
cua tin hi~u vo tuyen.
Th1fCti~n:
f)6i VOldU'iYngxu6ng
Muc t6t: >= -90dBrn (dAysong va 6n dinh)
Muc chAp nh~ duQ'c: -90 den -105 dBrn (dAy song va khong 6n
dinh)
Muc t6i: < -105dBrn (khong dA song).
Ly thuyet:
- La tY s6 gifra cong suAttin hi~u thu duQ'c(Pc) tren cong suAtnhi~u
(Pi).
Cach tinh 10Ig(PclPi), don vi (dB).
Dung d danh gia chAt lugng cua tin hi~u vo tuyen.
Th1fC ti~n: ,
.
Muc tot: >-10 dB
Muc chApnh~ duQ'c:-10-.;--14dB
Muc t6i: <-14 dB
INTERFERENCE
SIGNAL
Hinh 8: Tin hi?u son
va tin hi?u nhilu
Lythuy~t
La khoang cach tir chan tr~ den dirn xa nhAt theo hu6ng song chinh,
rna dich V\l con diirn bao chAt lugng.
BKPS ph\! thuQc vao dQ cao, goc ngfulg (Tilt) va cong suAt pMt cua
anten. Ngoai ra, BKPS con ph\! thuQc vao dia hinh, rnoi truOng truyen
song va s6 nguai su d\!ng d6ng thai.
Th1fCti~n:
Ban
kinh Ban kinh hu son dich V\l data 512 kb s (DL):
phil
song
Bankfnh
Bia hinh
(theo
dich
Khu V\lC trung tam thanh pM (Dense Urban), vai
180m - 300m
V\l, don V!:
di) cao anten truIiihiIih ~23m:
rn,km
Khu V\lC ngo~ 0 thanh pM, thi xa (Urban), v6i
300m - 550m
di) cao anten trun binh ~27m:
'
Khu V\lC dong bang dong da cu (SubUrban),
O.6km-lkm
v6i di) ca anten trung bi h ~33m:
Khu V\lC nong thon (Rural), vai i) cao anten
1.8km- 2.8km
trungb nh~39m:
>2km
Khu V\lC mien nui, vai di) cao anten trung binh
~54m:
22
Quyin 1: Cae thugt ngit

TT
kg thu?t viin
thOng
Thuat n 0'
Ph/In 2. M{lng di il{jng
Khai niem/l)ac eli~m
Ly thuy~t:
Lil di~n tich cua hinh h.IC giac c6 duang kinh = ban kinh pM s6ng cua
mQt cell.
Th,!c ti~n:
Di~n tich pM s6ng (mg vai cuang dQ tin hi~u trong nhil (RxLevel) ~ 90dBm (di?n tich tuang u-ngvai ban kinh hit son
Di?n
tEch
Di~n tlch phu
Dia hin
phu
song
son
cua mpt cell
Khu VlJC trung tam thanh pho (Dense Urban), vm
0.021-0.058 km2
(theo
dich
dOcao anten trung binh -23m:
VV, don V!
Khu VlJC ngoiili0 thi'lnhphO, thj xa (Urban), vai
0.058-0.196 km2
2
dOcao anten trung binh -27m:
km )
Khu VlJC
dong bang dong dan cu
0.234-0.65 km2
SubUrban), vai dOcao anten trung binh -33m:
Khu VlJC nong thOn (Rural), vm dO cao anten
2.104-5.092 km2
tru g binh -39m:
Khu VlJC mien nui, vm do cao anten trung binh
>2.598km2
-54m:
4. M{)t
sa khai
ni~m v~ ch~t hrQ1lg djch
Vl}
Khai niem/elac eli~m

TT
Thu~t ngO'
'
Vi~t tlit
ry l~ nghen
vi~c
thit I~p kt n3i
radio access bear
cho dich vv thOl;li
Ty I~ nghen vi~c
thit I~p kt n3i
radio access bear
cho dich vv data
Ti I~ thit I~p thi'lnh

cong cUQcgQi thol;li
(Tinh giiJpeak)
'fo i
\o~'
Target mU't;.>,
mang (%) ,,~;,
each nnh
RABCS
CR
(Tbng s3 RAB CS.kho~g thit I~p

dugc do nghen/ Tong so RABCS
yeu cAuthit l~p)* 100%.
0.13
RABPS
CR
(Tbng s3 RAB PS kh6ng thit l~p

dugc do nghen/ Tbng s3 RAB PS
yeu cAuthit I~p)*100%.
0.32
CS CSSRp
CS CSSR = RRC CS SR * RAB CS

SR/IOO%.
Trongd6:
+) RRC CS SR (RRC Call Serive
Success Rate): Ty 19thi~ l~p RRC
CS thi'lnh cong = Tong s6 RRC CS
dugc thit I~ptp.i'lnh~ong/ Tbng s3
RRC CS yeu diu thiet l~p * 100%
99.45
23
~'l()
Quvin 1: Cae thupt ngic kP thupt viin thOng
PhOn 2. M{lng di apng

Khai niem/die diim
TT
Thu~t ngfr
ViStt~t
eaeh tinh
Ti l~ thit l~p thanh

cong cUQcg9i data
PS CSSRp
(I'nh gid' peak)
Ti l~ rOt cUQcg9i
tho~i (Tnh gid'
CS-CDRp
peak)
Ti l~ rOt cUQcg9i
data (I'nh gid' peak)
TYl~ chuyen giao

mm thimh congo
Ghi cllU:
A
Chuyn glao mem:
La chuyn giao cilng
tful s6 trong m~g
3G.
- Trong khi chuyn
giao UE thit l~p kt
n6i vo tuyn moi
truoc khi giai phong
kt n6i vo tuyn Cll
- UE (thit hi d~u
cu6i) co tir 2 kt n6i
vo tuyn tra len
trong hIc chuyn
giao.
PS-CDRp
SHOSRp
+) RAB CS SR (RAB Call Service

Success Rate): Ty l~ thit l~p RAB
CS thanh cong = Tang s6 RAB CS
duQ'cthit l~p thanh cong/ Tang s6
RAB CS yeu du thit l~p * 100%
PS PSSR = RRC PS SR * RAB PS
SR/I00%.
Trong do:
+) RRC PS SR (RRC PS Success
Rate): Ty.I~ thi.t l~p RRC PS tha~
cong = TOng so RRC PS duQ'cthiet
l~p thanh cong/ Tang s6 RRC PS
yeu du thit l~p * 100%
+) RAB PS SR (RAB PS Success
Rate): Ty l~ thit l~p RAB PS thanh
cong = Tang s6 RAB PS duQ'cthit
l~p thanh cong/ Tang s6 RAB PS
yeu du thit l~p * 100%
Tang s6 cUQcg9i CS hi r6t/(Tang
s6 cUQcg9i CS hi rOt + Tang s6
cUQcg9i CS gilHphong hinh
thuOng)* 100%
Tong so cUQcg9i PS hi r6t/(Tong so
cUQcg9i PS hi rOt + Tang s6 cUQc
g9i PS giai ph6ng hinh
thui'mg)* 100%
(Tang s6lful HO mm thanh cong/

Tang s6 l~n HO mm yeu du
chuyn giao) * 100%
Target mli'e
mang(%)
99.49
/~
0.32
::
'
\'
~\
0.83
99.77
24
Quyin
1: Cae thuQ,t
ngil
kf
thuQi viin
thOng
Phan
2. M(lng di i/{jng
Khai niem/dile di~m

TT
Thu~t ngfr
Ty 1~chuyen giao tit

3G v~ 2G thanh
CSlRAT
cong d6i v&i dich V\l
HOSRp
tho(;li
TY1~chuy~n giao tit

3G v~ 2G thanh
9
cong d6i v&i dich VI,l
data
TocdQHSDPA
trung binh clla DE
10
(duQ'ctinh t(;lilap
RLC, don vi Kbps)
TT
eaeh tinh
Target mli'e
mang(%)
(T5ng s6 chuy~n giao tir 3G sang

.
2G thanh cong cho dich VI,ltho(;li/
T5ng s61!n attempt chuy~n giao 3G
sang 2G)* 100%.
96.88
(T5ng so chuyen giao tit 3G sang

2G thanh cong cho dich VI,ldatal
T5ng s6 1k attempt chuy~n giao 3G
sang 2G clla dich V\ldata)* 100%.
90.15
Vi~t t~t
PSIRAT
HOSRp
HSDPA
User
Throughput
NA
Khai niem/ Dile di~m

Toi uu man
tu en 2G
La cac tac dQng vao m(;lllg1u&i(mem/ c(eng) de thay doi vling pM song .- \
lla m(;lllg:thu http vling pM d~ giam nhiu, rna rQng vling pM d~ tang dungJ\O~
ugng m(;lllg... Vi~c tac dQng can ,ClIvao k~t qua ~o ki~m drivingtest, phan linh;1~U
ach hang va theo d5i cac chi so KPI clla M thOng t(;likhu VlJCdo: CDR
;\1 N~
SSR HOSR, RxLev ... Co cac hanh dQng sau:~~.T
.%.
~
,
A'.
}.,
"
:..,
aUAN
- Klem tra, khac ph\lc cac 101phan cung cua tr(;lm(neu co).
,00--_;
_ Thay d5i cac thong s6 m~m tren M th6ng: ACCMIN, cong su~t pilat, tinh4~~~.
nang TCC/PBT ...
- Thay d5i tilt, azimuth, dQ cao treo anten.
- Thay d5i dQ cao/ vi trf CQtanten.
- Sir d\lllg cac thi~t bi ph\l trQ'TMA. TMB, Repeater.
- Thay d5i lo~i ill theo bang tk dang sir d\lng (900/1800).
- L~p them tr(;lmm&i ho~c huy b6 vi tri tr(;lffikhong pM hgp.
vo
Tai U'u vimg
phu
La cac tac dQng vao m(;lllg1u&i(mem/ c(eng) de nang cao chat 1ugng m(;lng:
iam nhieu, tang ch~t 1ugng thO(;li...Vi~c tac dQng din ClIvao k~t qua do ki~m
Tai U'u chat
riving test, phan anh khach hang va theo d5i cac chi s3 KPI clla M th6ng t(;li
lU'(1ng mfJ.ng
u VlJCdo: CDR RxQua1, CII ... Co cac hanh dQng sau:
- Ki~m tra, kh~c ph\lc cac 16iphk c(eng Cllatr(;lffi(n~u co).
- Thay d5i cac thong s3 m~m tren M th6ng.
- Qu hO(;lch,t6i Uti l(;litk s6
La cac tac dQng vao m(;lllg1u&i(mem/ c(eng) de nang cao/ giam bat nang
gc dap (eng clla m(;lngt(;limQt dia dim/ khu vgc C\lth. Vi~c tlic dQng can ClI
ao k~t qua do ki~m driving test, phan anh khach hang va theo d5i hi~u su~t
Tai U'u dung
~ th3ng (TU) va mlIc dQnghen (TCR, SCR) t(;likhu VlJCdo. Theo mlIc dQtac
lU'(1ng mfJ.ng Qng d~n dung 1ugng, co cac hanh dQQgsau:
- Thay d5i ngu5ng HR share tai;
- Nang/h(;l cAuhinh;
25
Quyin 1: Cac thupt ngif kji thupt viin thOng
TT
Thuat n fr
Phan 2. MfJng'di i/png
Khlii niem/ Dile di~m

- Lap them tu (cosite, dau TG);
- Thi&tk&va Hipthem trlPll mO'L
Toi uu man
phil
rai u:uchat
lU:!J'ngm{lng
vo tu
~-
en 3G
La cac mc dQng vao m~ng luO'i(mem! cung) de thay doi vimg phu s6ng
ua m~g: thu hyp vimg phU de gifun nhiu, mO'rQng vimg phU de tang dung
UQ'Ilgm~g. Vi~c tac dQng can cu vao k&tqua do kiem drivingtest, phan aM
ach hang va theo doi cac chi s6 KPI cua M th6ng t~i khu VVCd6: CDR,
SSR, RSCP ... C6 cac hanh dQng sau:
- Kiem tra, kh~c ph\lc cac 16iphful Ctrng cua tr~m (n&uc6).
Thay d6i cac thong s6 mm tren M th6ng: ...
- Thay d6i tilt, azimuth, dQ cao treo anten.
- Thay d6i dQ cao/ vi trl CQtanten.
- Sir d\lng cac thi&tbi ph\l trq Repeater ....
- L~p them tr~m mO'ihoi;ichuy bOv~tri trlPll khong phil hqp.
/3
La cac tac dQng vao m~ng luO'i(mem! Ctrng) de nang cao chat lUQ'Ilgm~ng:r(;f
iam nhiu, tang chAt luQ'Ilgtho~i... Vi~c tac dQng can ~u vao k&tqua ~o kiem \ *'
riving test, phan anh khach hang va theo doi cac chi so KPI cua M thOng t~i
u VVCd6: CDR, Ec/No ... C6 cac hanh dQng sau:
- Kiem tra, kh~c ph\lc cac 16iphAn Ctrng cua trlPll (n&uc6).
- Thay d6i .cac thong
.~<'~
..
,s6 mm tren M th6ng.
r '(
- Quy ho~ch l~i tan so
ntL .
-' ),
La cac tac dQng vao m~g luO'i(mem! Ctrng) de nang cao/ gifun bat nang )~
\ICday trng cua 11,1~gt~i mQt dia diem! khu VVCC\lthe. Vi~c tac dQng can ?u~~
ao k~t qua do kiem driving test, phan aM khach hang va theo doi hi~u suat ~
~ thOng (TV) va muc dQnghen (TCR, SCR) t~i khu VVCd6. Theo muc dQtac
rai u:u dung Qng d&ndung luQ'Ilg,c6 cac hanh dQng sau:
lU:!J'ngm{lng - Thay d6i ngu5ng HR, share tai;
- Nang/h~ cAuhinh;
- L~p them tu (cosite);
- Thi&tk&va l~p them tr~m mO'L
26
Ouyin 1: Cae thulit ngir
leV thulit
viln thOng
PhOn 2. Mang Di idang
B.~~ngloidid9ng
I. Thanh ph~n
1. ~~ng CS (Circuit Switching - ~~ng chuy~n:m~ch kenh)
TT
Thuat nl!ft
MSC
MSS
GMSC
4 . STP
HLR
Khai niemIDac diem

MSC (Mobile Switching Center): Tong dai chuyen ml;lchdi dQng.
ChUc nang chinh: ThlJc hi~c cac chUc nang diu khin (thi~t l~p, dinh
tuy~n, gild ph6ng), chuyn ml;lchva qulin ly di dQng.
MSC thuOng duqc tich hqp chUc nang cua VLR (Visitor Location
Register), qulin Iv thue baa trong vimg ph1,1cV1,1
cua MSC tuong (mg.
MSS (Mobile Soft Switch): Tong dai chuyen ml;lchmem di dQng.
Chilc nang chinh: ChUc nang gi6ng MSC, nhung MSS co ki~n trUc
khac vcrit6ng dai MSC truy~n th6ng la tach bi~t phl1nxu ly/di~u .
J41in(control p!ane) va phl1ntruy~n tlii luu luqng (user plane). MSS
gom 2 thlinh phan:
MSC-Server: La thanh phlln di~u khin.
MGW (Media Gateway): La thanh phlln truy~n tlii luu luqng.
GMSC (Gateway MSC): Tong dai di dQng congo
ChUc nang chinh: La node ml,lfigtrung chuyn luu luqng thol;lidi
dQng, g&m luu luqng thol;lidi dQng gifra cac MSC; gifra ml,lfigdi dQng
va ml,lfigc6 dinh, ngol;liml;lng,cac dich V1,lVAS.
STP (Signaling Transfer Point): Diem truyen tlii bao hi~u. ChUc nang
chinh: np trung va chuyn tip cac ban tin bao hi~u tlr node ml,lfig
nay sang node ml,lfigkhac trong ml,lfig.
HLR (Home Location Register): BQ dang kY vj tri thuOng tm. ChUc
nang chinh: La node ml,lfigqulin ly thong tin ve dich V1,lthue bao,
nh~ thlJCthue baa. Dfr li~u thue bao duqc c~p nh~t co chQn lQc ,
xu6ng cac node VLR, SGSN trong cac tM Wc c~p nh~t vi tri cua thue
baa.
2. ~~ng PS (Packet Switching - ~~ng chuy~n m~ch g6i)

TT
Thu~t ngft
SGSN
GGSN
PCRF
Khai ni~inIDiic di~m

SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node): Node h6 trq dich V1,lGPRS.
ChUc nang chinh: Qulin ly tinh di dQng cua thue bao, qulin ly cac
phien k~t n6i PDP cua thue bao, qulin ly truy c~p ml,lfig,tinh cucrc
thue bao, thlJC hi~n chilc nang chuyn ml;lch goi tlr BSC, RNC len
GGSN va nguqc ll;li.
GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node): Nut h6 trq cong GPRS.
ChUc nang chinh: Qulin ly cac phien k~t n6i PDP cua thue bao,
Qulin ly thOng tin dich V1,lthue bao, Ap d1,1ngchinh sach lien quan
cua thue bao.Tinh cucrc online thue bao, sinh ra file cucrc CDR.ThlJc
hi~n chilc nang chuyn ml;lchgoi tir GGSN ra ml;lngIP va nguqc ll;li.
PCRF (Policy Control and Charging Rules function): H~ thOng qulin
ly chinh sach cucrc.
27
Ourin 1: Cae thulit ngii

TT
Thu~t ngif
WAP
kfj thulit viin thOng
PhOn 2. Mang Di dang
Khlii ni~mlD~c cli8m

Ch(rc nang chinh: Dieu khien chinh sach, dieu khien tinh cucrc dga
tren ~p hqp cac goi tin IP truyn qua mQt di~m giam sat trong mlPlg
trong mQt thai gian xac dinh.
WAP Gateway: Cung dip dich Vl) chuyen doi giao tMc HTTP/WAP
va la c6ng chuy~n d6i giao tMc cho dich Y\l MMS.
Gateway
3. M~ng VAS, IN (Value Added Services, Intelligent Network)

TT
Thuat n if
Khlii niemlDac cli8m
M{mgVAS
1
SMSC
SMSC
Router
MMSC
CRBT
MCA
Man
IN
DCS
VC
SMSC (Short Message Service center): Trung tam dich Y\l nhan tin
ng~n: Cung dp dich Y\l SMS (nh~ tin ng~n) cho thue bao di' dQng,
home hone.
SMSC Router: Cung cap dich Y\l SMS, nhung khac bi~t vcri SMSC la
chi thgc hi~n chuy~n tip bim tin SMS rna khong thgc hi~n luu va gui
I~i SMS (nu bim tin bi gui thllt b~i) - xu Iy tin nh~ lap I. Cac bim tin
thllt b~i nay se dugc gui chuy~n tip sang SMSC d~ thgc hi~n gi'ri Il;!i2!:!<1
(retry).
;oHGtf
dl
MMSC (Multimedia Message Service Center): Trung tam tin nhan da Ji-!!ir,H
Vim
huan ti~n: Cun cll dich V1,1
MMS cho thue bao di dQng.
CRBT (Color Ring Back Tone): H~ thong cung cap dich V1,1 nhl;!C,ND?1.
chuong cM cho thue bao di dQng va home phone. Bao g6m co M-node .i~~
va C-node:
...
+) M-node: Management node CRBT - Node ml;!ngquim Iy dich Y\l va
thong tin cua cac thue bao dang kY su d1,1ngdich V1,1 CRBT.
+) C-node: Call node CRBT - Node mlPlg xu Iy cUQcg<;>i
cho cae thue
bao co dang kY dich Y\l nh~c cM nay va thgc hi~n play hai nhl;!C
chuon cha cho thue bao g<;>i
too.
MCA: (Missed Call Alert): H~ thOng cung cap dich Y\l thong bao cUQc
<;>i
nha.
~Ho;
(Online Charging System) H~ thong tinh cucrc thai gian thgc:

- Quim ly thOng tin v cac goi cucrc, cach tinh cucrc va thong tin lien
quan dn vi~c tinh cucrc cua timg thue bao. Quim Iy cac thong tin cllu
hinh va cach tinh cucrc theo cac chuang trinh khuyn ml;!i.
- Thgc hi~n tinh cucrc lien Wc theo thai gian thgc d6i vcri toim bQ cac
dich Y\l (thol;!i,SMS, data va cac dich Y\l VAS khac) cua timg thue bao,
dga theo oi cucrc, cach tinh cucrc tuan Un .
(Voucher Center) Trung tam quim ly the cao: Quim Iy thong tin the cao
(m~nh gia, seri the, rna the cao va cac thOng tin lien quan dn vi~c nl;!p
the d6i vcri cac the da nl;! nhu thai gian nl;! , s6 thue bao nl;! ,..)
28
Ouyin 1: Cac thuiit ngir
k thuiit
viin thOng
PhOn 2. Mang Di dong
II. Khai ni~m chung

1. Khai ni~m v~ tili nguyen
TT
1
CPLoad
MHT
MCT
SCC
TPS
SAU
PDP
Context
Khai ni~m/f)~c di~m
Thu~t ngil
Throughput
CP Load: DQ chiem d\lng tai nguyen CPU, thuOng de danh gia tM cac
kh6i xu ly, dieu khien.
MHT: Mean Holding Time - Thai gian giu cUQcgQitrung binh, tinh ill
khi cUQcgQi duqc thit I~p dn khi kt thuc cUQcgQi.
MCT: Mean Conversation Time - Thai gian dam tho~i trung binh, tinh
ill khi tni lai cUQcgQi dn khi kt tMc cUQcgQi.
SCC: Simultaneous Call Capacity - So cUQc gQi duqc kt n6i dong
thai, dimg d6 danh gia nang hJc kt n6i tho~i cua t6ng dai.
TPS: Transaction Per Second - So tuong tac/giiiy, mQt tuong tac la S\l'
kt hqp giua mQt yeu du va mQt dap Ung. TPS dung de dinh cO' nang
I\l'cxu Iy cua cac M th6ng nhu STP, WAPGW, MMSC, PCRF ..
SAU (Simultaneously Attached Users): Tong so thue bao nh~p m~g
dang duqc quan Iy t~i SGSN t~i mQt thai di6m.
(Packet Data Protocol context): T6ng so ngu cimh PDP (hay la so
phien kt n6i data) dfi thit I~p va dang duqc ph\lc Y\l t~i mQt thai
diem, tai nguyen nay duqc quan Iy bOi SGSN, GGSN.
Throughput: Kha. nang xu Iy luu luqng cua tong dai SGSN, GGSN
(don vi tinh Mbps ho~c pps - packets per second).
"
"
MOMT/s
10
CAPS
11
VRB
channel
MOMT/s: Tong luu luqng tin nhan chieu len (Message Originate: Tir:
thue bao len t6ng dai tin nh~n) va chi~u xu6ng (Message Terminate: P
Tir t6ng dai tin nh~ xu6ng thue bao) tinh trong 01 giiiy.
CAPS (Call Attemp Per Second): So luqng cUQc gQi den M thOng
trong 1 giiiy.
VRB channel (Voice Resource Board channel): Kenh v~t ly ph\lc
play nh~c chuong cha cho thue bao.
Y\l
. 2. Khai ni~m v~ hilnh vi tieu dung

TT
Thu~t ngil
RHCA/Sub
mErl/Sub
SMSMO/Sub
SMSMT/Sub
Khai ni~m/f)~c di~m

BHCA/Sub: La so cUQcgQi den! di trung binh cua mQt thue bao vao
gia cao diem. Dimg d6 dlinh gia hanh vi khach hang theo s6 cUQcgQi
de ph\lC Y\l djnh cO', phiin b6 h~ th6ng cho phil hqp.
mErVSub: La luu luqng tho~i den! di trung binh cua mQt thue bao vao
gia cao diem. Dung d6 dlinh gia hanh vi khach hang theo thai luqng
cUQcgQi d6 ph\lc Y\l dinh cO', philn b6 M th6ng cho phil hqp
SMSMO/Sub, SMSMT/Sub: Dung de dlinh gia himh vi khach hang
theo s6 luqng tin nh~ gUi/nh~ d6 ph\lc Y\l dinh cO', philn b6 h~ th6ng
29
Ouyln 1: Cae thuiit ngi1' leV thuiit viin thOng
TT
Thu,t ngii'
Phan 2. Mang Di dong
Khlii ni~m/D~cdiSm
cho phUhgp.
PDP/sub
Throughput
/sub
Download
times
Dung d danh gili so lUQ'Ilgthiet l~p phien ket noi data (ngu canh PDP
context) trung binh cua I thue bao phat sinh luu lUQ'Ilg,vao gia cao
di~m.
Ho~c la Mbps/sub, dUng de danh gia luu lUQllgsir d\ll1gtrung binh cua
1 thue bao phat sinh luu.luQllg, trong gia cao di~m.
Download times: So liln thue bao thvc hi~n Uli,t~g, sao chep nh~c
chuong chao
Ill. Cac chi tit~udanh gia chit lU'qngm~ng liji

l.M~ng CS
TT
1
2
Thu,t ngii'
LUSR
PSR
Khlii ni~m/D~cdi~m
LUSR: Ty 1~ c~p nh~t vi tri thanh congo Ty l~ nay danh gia kh* nang
truy nh~p thanh cong vao m~g cua cac thue bao.
PSR: Ty l~ tim gQi thanh congo Ty l~ nay danh gia kha nang tim gQi
thue bao, tir do co th~ danh gia viIng pM va tai nguyen dap irng cua
m~g lu&i.
..-
Jl
le'
UOi
rvH
'f)
'rH
'INC
HOSR
HOSR: Ty l~ chuyen giao thanh congo Ty l~ nay danh gia khil nang
';AY
~._-duy tri cUQcgQitrong khi di chuy~n cua thue bao ..
AuSR
AuSR: Ty l~ nh~ thvc thanh cong (nh~ thvc la tM 1\lckiem tra tinh
hgp phap cua thue bao nhfun dam bao thue bao duQ'cphep truy nh~p
m~g va thvc hi~n cac dich V\l m~ng).
CCR
CCR: Ty l~ thiet l~p cUQcgQi thanh congo Ty l~ nay danh gia khil nang
thit l~p cUQcgQithanh cong qua t6ng dai.
(\
2. Man
. g PS
TT
1
Thu,tngii'
Att-SR
Att-SR: Ty l~ nh~p m~ng thanh cqng trong mien chuyn m~ch goi.
La tY s6 giua s6 Idn nh~p m~ng (attach) thanh cong tren t6ng s6 yeu
cAunh~p m~ng (attach), th6ng ke tren giao di~n Gb, Iu-PS.
PDP-SR-S
PDP-SR-S: Ty l~ khai t~o PDP context thanh cong tren SGSN. La tY

s6 giua s6 yeu celuthit l~p ngu canh PDP thanh cong tren t6ng s6 yeu
celuthit l~p ngii canh PDP, th6ng ke tren giao di~n Gb, Iu-PS
PDP-SR-G
PDP-SR-G: Ty l~ kh6i t~o PDP context thanh cong tren GGSN. La tY

s6 giua s6 yeu cAuthi~t l~p ngu canh PDP thanh cong tren t6ng s6 yeu
cAuthit l~p ngii canh PDP, th6ng ke tren giao di~n Gn.
,
3
Khlii ni~m/D~cdiSm
30
Ouyin 1: Cae thufit ngir kf thufit viin thOng

TT
Khai ni~m!D~c di~m
Thu~t ngft
Intra-RAU
Inter-RAU
PCC-SR
PhJn 2. Mang Di ilong
Intra-RAU: Ty l~ c~p nh~t vimg dinh tuyen nQi SGSN thanh congo
La 15's6 giua s6 lfut c~p nh~t vimg d!nh tuyn nQi SGSN thanh cong
tren t6ng s6 lfut yeu cAuc~p nh~t vilng dinh tuyn nQi SGSN
Inter-RAU: Ty l~ c~p nh~t vilng dinh tuyen lien SGSN thanh congo La
15's6 giua s6 lfut c~p nh~t vimg d!nh tuyn lien SGSN thanh cong tren
t6ng s6 lfut yeu cAuc~p nh~t vimg dinh tuyn lien SGSN
PCC-SR: Ty l~ truy van dieu khien. tinh cu&c va chinh sach thanh
cong, th6ng ke tren h~ th6ng PCRF.
3. M~ng VAS, IN
TT
Thuat n2ft
SMOSR
SMTSR
MMOSR
MMTSR
RBT SR
Khlii niem!Dac diem

SMOSR: Ty l~ gui thanh cong tin nhan SMS ill thue bao den m~g.
La 15's6 giua s6 ban tin thue bao gi'rithanh cong len M th6ng SMSC so
v&i t6ng s6 bim tin dil gui.
SMTSR: Ty l~ gui thanh cong tin nhan SMS tiI m~g den thue bao.
La 15's6 giua s6 ban tin MT gui thanh cong ill SMSC dn thue bao
nh~ so v&i t6ng s6 bim tin h~ th6ng SMSC dil gi'ri xu6ng thue bao.
MMOSR: Ty l~ gi'ri thanh c6ng tin nhan MMS ill thue bao den m~g.
La ti s6 giua s6 ban tin MMS Submit gui t&i M th6ng MMSC thanh
cong so v&i t6ng s6 ban tin gi'rit&iMMSC.
MMTSR: Ty l~ gui thanh cong tin nhan MMS ill m~g den thue bao.
La 15's6 ban tin MMS retrieve gui di thanh cong so v&i t6ng s6 ban tin
dil gui cua M th6ng MMSC.
RBT_SR: Ty l~ cUQcg9i RBT thanh congo
La 15's6 giua t6ng s6 cUQcg9i RBT thanh cong tren t6ng s6 cUQcg9i
RBT.
31
Ouvin 1: Cae thutit ngi1' kji thutit viin thOng
PHAN 3. M~G
TT
Thuat n fr
ADSL
FTTx
Leased
line kenh
triing
Office
WAN
PhOn 3. Mang
c6 tlinh
CO DJNH
Khai niem!Die di~m

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) -DuOng day thue bao so
b~t d5i xtmg. La dich V\lcung cap k~t n5i Internet t5c dQ cao cho.
ngum su d\l1lg.
Cae die di~m ella dieh vu ADSL:
- HOl.it'dQngtren doi ~ap d5ng thue bao cho truy nh~p Internet tir xa v&i
t5c dQ cao, nh~t la dUOngxu5ng.
- Bang thong truy~n du li~u dUOngxu5ng 1&0hon dUOnglen.
- Dich V\lADSL co th trin khai d6ng thai cung v&i dich V\lPSTN
tren 01 doi day cap d6ng thue bao
FTTx la cong ngh~ ket noi vi~n thong v&i duang truyen dfut hoan toan
bfulg cap quang tu nha cung cap dich V\lt&i khach hang. Bao g6m cac
cong ngM sau:
- FTTH (Fiber to the home): Cap quang d~n tl.iinha khach hang
- FTTB (Fiber to the building): Cap quang d~n chan toa nha va trin
khai cap d6ng d~n tUng can hQ bfulg cong ngM ADSL, VDSL,
Ethernet, ...
- FTTC (Fiber to the curb): Cap quang d~n khu t~p trung va trin 'khai
cap d6ng d~n tUng nhakhach hang bfulg cong ngM ADSL, VDSL,
Ethernet, ...
Cae die di~m ella dich vu:
- Cung c~p k~t n5i b~g c~p quang d~n t~ nba thue bao.
- Khong bi suy hao tin hi~u b&i nhi~u di~n tir, thm ti~t hay chi~u dai
cap nhu cap d6ng
- Cung cap cac dich V\ldoi hOi bang thOng r~t cao nhu triple- play
- T5c dQ du li~u chi~u xu5ng va chi~u len bfulg nhau.
Dich V\lkenh thue rieng la dich V\l cho thue kenh truyen dfut dUng
rieng d k~t n5i giua cac thi~t bi delu cu5i, ml.iUgnQi bQ, ml.iUgvi~n
thong dung rieng cua khach hang tl.iicac dia dim c5 dinh khac nhau.
Dich V\lkenh thue rieng dap tmg duQ'c cac nhu du k~t nbi t:rgc ti~p
theo phuong th(rc dim n5i dim giua hai delu cu5i Cllakhach hang.
Cae die tinh ella dieh vu:
- Toan' quy~n su d~g keclI lien ll.iclien t\lC24 gialngay, 7 ngay/tuc1n.,
'
- Tinh bao m~t, va tinh s~n sang cao (do khong phai chia se dUOng,~:Et
~
truy~n).
J~
*,
- Dap tmg mQi dich V\l: Thol.ii(IP hOZlCPSTN), fax, hinh anh, truy~n s6' .~~
li~u, hQinghi truy~n hinh...
~~'
- Truy~n dfut theo thai gian thlJc.
- T5c dQ dap tmg yeu celucua khach hang.
- Cung ca cac k~t n5i theo tieu chuAn dim- dim, dim - da dim
La dich V\lcung cap ml.ingrieng ao (VPN) tren nen hl.itang bang rQng
6 Layer 3 (lap 3) d k~t n5i cac ml.ingmay tfnh tl.iicac vi tri dia ly khac
nhau (nQi tinh, lien tinh, ... ).
Cae d~e tinb, elll! dieh V\l:
- Cho hep ket noi cac ml.iUgmay tinh cua cac cong ty, doanh nghi~p
32
Quvin 1: Cae thuat ngfi
TT
6
7
not
Tj l? mat
oi
Tjl?goi
tin fai
Biin thien
tlp trl
:Jitter
Tae tlp tiii
dfi Ii?u
trung binh
10
Bang
thong
(Bandwidth)
Hi?u suat
11
sud(lng
bang
thOng
Thiligian
thiit l{ip
12
13
dich V(l
thOng
Phan 3. Mang ea tlinh
Khai niem!Dlic di~m
Thuat n fr
Df.trl kit
kp thuat viln
v&i OOan thaOO mQt m~g rieng iio tren cac khofmg cach dia Iy khac
OOan.
- Chi phi thfip. Day Iii giiii phap k6t n6i thong tin m&i vm chi phi thfip
hon OOien so v&i cac cong ngM tnr&c day OOu Leasedline,
FrameReiay.
- TiOO liOOho~t vii 6n djnh cao theo cac yen cAn rieng bi~t cua ~ach
hang.
- Khii nang trien khai cung cfip dich Y\l OOanh chOng vii thu~ ti~n.
- K6t n6i di~n rQng: NQi tiOO, lien tinh, qu6c t6.
- H~ tAng da d~g: ADSL, ADSL2+, FTTx, ... , ca d6ng, ca
nang.
DQ tr Iii khoiing thai gian tir hIe goi tin duQ'c gtri di cho den khi OO~n
duQ'c goi tin phiin h6i tir phia dich.
DQ tr phiin anh muc dQ nghen duang truyen, dQ tr ti I~ thu~ v&i
muc dQ nghen duang tru en.
Ty I~ mat goi Iii tY I~ gifra so goi tin bi mat vm tong so goi tin truyen
qua k6t n6i trong mQt dan vi thai ian.
Ti I~ goi tin 16i Iii tY so gifra so goi tin bi 16i CRC v&i tong so goi tin
truyen ua k6t n6i trong mQt khoiin thai ian.
Bi6n thien dQ tr Iii SlJ khac bi~t ve dQ tr cua cac goi tin khac OOan
tren cling hu6'ng di ho~c ve.
- Toc dQ tiii dfr li~u trung biOO gom hai 10~i: Toc dQ Uli xuong trung
biOO vii t6c dQ tiii len trung binh.
- T6c dQ tiii dfr li~n trung binh Iii tY s6 gifra t6ng dung Iuqng tiii
len!xu6ng tren t6ng thai gian thlJc hi~n tiii Ien!xu6ng.
Bang thong Iii toc dQ dfr li~u toi da mii duang truyen co the dap (mg.
Don vi do: Bps (bit per second), Kbps (Kilobit per second), Mbps
(Me abit er second), Gb s (Gi abit er second), ...
Hi~n suat su d1,1ngbang thOng cua mQt kenh Iii tY I~ gifra luu Iuqng
",~~,1\6
truyen qua keOO v&i "Dung luqng khai bao" cua keOO do trong mQt ~~ (~
.
'. ':.Ii I li~\.Ij~
d on V!. th"0'1 glan.
.
11'1! ~ ;;\~.
"D~ng Iuqng 10ai ~ao" cho keOO dU<lc xac dinh theo n&uye~ tac:
~:;;\ ;~ ..
- Doi v&i cac ket noi Ethernet tT1Jc,tiep (khong qua truyen dan SDH) \~, !~~~~~
thi "Dung luqng khai bao" dUng bang dung luqng giao di~n v~t Iy
~~~51G
(lOOM, IGe, lOGe, 40Ge).
...~
- D6i v&i cac k6t n6i qua SDH thi "Dung Iuqng khai bao" duQ'c xac
diOO OOu sau: lxSTMI ~ 150M, lxSTM4 ~ 600M, lxSTM16 ~ 2.4G.
Thai gian thi6t I~p dich V\l duQ'c tiOO tir hIc DNCCDV vii khach hiing
kY hQ'P d6ng cung dp dich Y\l (vi d1,1:Dich Y\l ADSL) cho tm khi
khach hang co the su d\lng dich V1,1niiy.
khach
him
Thai gian sua chUa 16i dich Y\l tiOO tir Iuc cac keOO tiep xuc oo~ duQ'c
Thiligian
phiin
anh cua khach hiing t&i luc khic ph\lc xong I6i dich V\l vii khach
sua lai cho
hang su d\lllg dich V\l biOOthuang (slJ c6 duQ'c ghi oo~ tren M th6ng
khach
him
BCCS)
33
Ouyin 1: Cae thuat ngir

TT
Thuat O2ft
14 PSTN
IS
16
17
Tili CP
cuatang
itdi
(CPload)
Hi?usulit
luu lUf/Ilg
trung ki
(TUTrunk
Utilization)
Tili link
Mold?u
(SUSignaling
Utilization)
18 IPTV
19
20
TSTV
(Time shift
TV)
TVOD
(TV on
Demand)
kV
thuat viin thOng
Phan 3. Mang
cD itinh
Khai oiemffiae ai~m

M~g PSTN (Public Switch telephone Network) la m~g di~n tho~i
chuyen m~ch cong cQng truyen th6ng dlJa vao ki thu~t chuyen m~ch
m~ch dien.
La tY I~ phfuI tram (%) chi~m d\ll1gbQ xu Iy CPU tren node m~g (h~
th6ng xu Iy t~p trung), ho?c tren cac card/module dieu khien chiOOclla
node m~g (M th6ng xu Iy phan tan).
La tY I~.% gina lUll IUQ'IlgthlJc t~ tren lUll IUQ'ngcho phep clla k~t n6i
trung ke (trunk).
La tY I~ gina s6 octet thlJc t~ (clla hu6ng vao/ra) trn t6ng s6 octet cho
phep clla k~t n6i (link) bao hi~u.
Djch V\lIPTV (Internet Protocol Television) cua Viertel vai ten gQi
NextTV: la djch V\lxem truyen hiOOqua k~t n6i Internet bang rQng t6c
dQ cao.
Cae a~e ai~m eua dieh V\I:
- NextTV cho phep nguoi dung djch V\lxem cac keOOtruyen hinh
truyen th6ng. Ngoai ra NextTV con cung cap cho nguoi dung cac djch
V\ltruyen hinh ''tuang tac" OOuphim theo yeu cAu(VOD), Karaoke
theo yeu cAu, Shopping Online, Giao d\!c tl:rxa ...
TiOOnang t~
dUng va xem I~i.
Tinh nang xem I~i chuang trinh truac d6
21
NPVR
TiOOnang nay giup khach hang ghi I~i OOUngchuang triOOtruyen hiOO
h~p dful.
22
PIP
(picture in
picture)
Tren man hiOOTV, khach hang c6 the xem d6ng thai 2 keOOtruyen
hiOO: I keOOchiOOva I keOOph\!.
23
Headend
24
SettopBox
25
CATV
Trung tilm Truyen hinh cap (Headend System) la nai t~p hQ'Pva chQn
IQccac keOOtruyen hinh trong nuac va th~ giai sau d6 xu Iy va try8n
d~n m~g truy OO~p- thue bao.
Thiet bj diiu cuOi khach hang c6 chUc nang chuyen doi tin hi~u truyen
hinh s6 thaOOtin hi~u hinh dua vao TV.
Djch V\lCATV (Community Access Television): La dich V\!xem
truyen hiOOqua m~g cap hfru tuy~n trong d6 tin hi~u truyen hiOO
duQ'ctruyen di qua m~ng HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial).
Cae a~e di~m eua dieh V\I:
- CATV cho phep ngum dung xem cac keOOtruy8n hiOOtuan.K t1Jva
34
Ouyin 1: Cae thulit ngic
TT
Thuaf ngft
leV thulit
viln thOng
Phan 3. Mang
cD ilinh
Khai nieinlDac di~m

cac kenh truyen hinh so co dQnet cao. Ngoai ra, CATV con cung cap
cho nguai dung cac dich Y\ltruy nh~p Internet qua M th6ng cap d6ng
tl1lCsu d\ltlg cong ngM EoC (Internet over Cable).
ONU
26
(Optic
Network
Unit)
Node chuy6n d6i tin hi~u truy~n hinh quang thanh tin hi~u di~n.
EoC
27
28
29
(Ethernet
over
Cable)
TAP
Splitter
BQ ghep, tach tin hi~u Ethernet v&i tin hi~u truy~n hinh
BQ tach tin hi~u truyen hinh.
BQ chia tin hi~u truyen hinh
35
Ourin 1: Cac thuat ngii
kV thuat
Phan4. Mang truvin dan
viin thOng
PHAN4. ~G
TRUYENnAN
I. Cap quang, phl} ki~n cap quang

T
T
Thu~t ngfr
Kh:ii ni~m/th1!cti~n Viettel
1.
Sqi quang la sgi tMy tinh dugc ch~ t~o nhfun m\lC dich truy~n dful tin hi~u
dum d~g
song quang hQc vm t6c dQ va dung lugng l6n, suy hao th&pva
khong co xuyen nhiSu. Khoang cach va t6c dQ Clla truy~n dful qua sqi
quang bi gim h~ boo suy hao va tan s~c.
Lap ~io
(coating)
L<rpYO
(,e.laddingl
Hinh 9: C6u
t(lO
Lui
(core)
wi quang
L5i sqi quang la phArrtrung tam cua sqi quang ma phArrl6n cong su&t
LOi s{fi quang
quang dugc truy~n trong do.
BUGC song nhin th&ynfun trong khoang ill 0,4~m d~n 0,7~m. sgi thuy tinh
th~ch anh khohg lam t6t
a vimg linh sang nhin
th&y. Trong vimg nay song
linh sang suy hao l6n d~n muc chi dUng cho cac tuy~n thong tin co CIJli
3
Ora
sa quang
ngk.Suy
hao trong vimg ill ngo~ th~
chi con l6n hon. Tuy nhien,. trong
vimg h6ng ngo~ co 3 khoang rna sqi thuy tinh lam vi~c hi~u qua, ba
khoang nay quanh cac bUGCsong 850nm, 1310 nm, 1550 nm va dugc gQi
1a 3 cua s6 quang hQc.
f)uang kinh truang mode la duang' kinh cua hinh tron, tren ti~t di~n ngang
cua sqi quang co cuang di}linh sang t~ ria d~t lie (trong do e 1as6 logarit
4
Duong kink
truilng mode
tIJ nhien 2.1828) gia tri CIJCd~ cua pharr b6 cuang di} linh sang sqi quang
theo hu6ng hai bien. f)uang kinh truang mode biSu tm ph~
vi pharr b6
truang di~n tu ngang cua cac mode trong m~t dt Clla sgi.
Mode song la mQt tr~g thai truy~n 6n diM cua song linh sang (ciing co
thS hiSu mi}t mode 1amQt tia), m6i mQt mode song Ung vm mQt cach thuc
5
ModetruyJn
truy~n song khac nhau. f)S dS hiSu co thS hinh dung nhu sau: Anh sang
dan
truy~n d~n m~t c~t cua sgi quang vm nhi~u g6c tm khac nhau, m6i goc t6i
Ung vm mQt duang di Clla linh sang trong sgi quang, m6i duang di nay co
thS hiSu 1amQt mode truy~n dful cua linh sang.
36
Ouyin 1: Cac thuat ngir kii thuat viin thOng
Phan4. Mang tTuyin dan
Sgi dan mode (Single mode) lit sgi chi cho phep mQt mode truy~n ddn
trong no. Sgi dan mode co 16i r~t nh6 thuemg khoang tU 8 .. 10
lJID.
Vu
di6m cua sgi dan mode lit chi ghep mQt mode nen khong co tan s~c mode
6
Sf/iquang
bilng tAn cua sgi tang len.
dun mode
Single-mode fiber
>
Hlnh 10: Vi d
>
v truyn anh sang
!rong s(Ji quang a071mode
Sgi da mode (Multi mode) lit sgi cho phep truy~n dful nhi~u mode trong
no, vm m6i mQt mode lit mQt mfiu cac duemg song tfUemg di~n vit truemg
tU dugc l~p di l~p l~ dQc theo sgi
a cac
khoang cach wang duang v6i
bu6c song).
7
Sf/i quang da
mode
Multi.mode fiber
Hlnh 11: Vi d
8
Sf/i G.652
v truyn anh sang
!rong s(Ji quang aa mode
Sgi G.652lit sgiquang dan mode thuemg dugc sir d\lIlg ph6 biSn vm
th6ng truy~n ddn dan bu6c song khoang cach xa
37
Ourin 1: Cae thuat ngil' kV thuat viin thOng

S{J'i 6.655
Phlin4. Mang truy~n dan
qi G.655 la sqi quang dcm mode dieh ehuy~n tan s~e khae khong. Sqi
.655 duqe su dJ,mgphb bi6n eho h~ th6ng DWDM do sqi eo mue tan s~e
~p 3 ps/nm.km)
a dai buae
song eong me eua DWDM (1550 -1630
) va giam duqe anh huang eua hi~u t:rngphi tuy6n do e&utrue ehi6t s~t
iam dan.
qi G.655 eo hai lo~ nbi ti6ng 1a sqi LEAF eua Corning va sqi ella
rueWave eua Fujikura
Chief sua't (%)

1
9
0,75.
0,5
0,25
-2,5
-0,5
0,5 1
1,5
2,5
Ban kfnh (Jlrn)

Hinh 12: Phan
Tan s~e la
S\J
b6 chiit
suat cua s(1i G.655
dan rQng xung 8nh sang khi Ian truySn trong sQ'iquang. Tan
s~c Ian se lam mea tin hi~u va t~o ra hi~n tugng giao thoa giua cae
(ISI- Intersymbol Interferenee) do
S\J
ky tl!
dan xung t~ eae khe thai gian h~u
qua la lam eho phia thu khong pharr bi~t dUQ'etin hi~u -7 Thu sai.
10
Tans6-c
SQiquang
Hinh 13: Tan sac anh sang khi truynqua s(li quang
38
Phan4. Mang truy2n dan
auyin 1: Cac thuat ngu kjj thuat viln thOng
M9t hi?u rmg quang dU(1cgQi IIIphi tuyin niu cac tham st5 cua no ph'(l
thu9c vllo cuo-ng d9 anh sang (c6ng sudt). Cae hi~n tugng phi tuy6n co thS
bO qua d5i vm cae
11
HifU zrngphi
A
tuyen
M th5ng
thong tin quang hOl;!tdQng 0 mue cong suftt
vira phai (vai mW) vm t5c dQbit len d6n 2.5 Gbps. Tuy nhien, 0 t5c dQ bit
cao han nhu 10 Gbps va cao han va 0 muc cong suAt truy~n dfuJ.lOn, vi~c
xet cac hi~u l'rng phi tuy6n la rAt quan tr9ng. Trong eac
eac hi~u l'rng phi tuy6n co thS tr6 nen quan tr9ng th~
M th5ng
WDM,
chi 6 cong suAt va
t5c dQ bit vira pMi.

Suy hao cong suM tin hi~u quang dugc do bfulg lugng anh sang t6n hao
giita d~u vao va d~u ra ella sgi. T6n hao thuOng do SIJghep khong hoan
Mo Clla anh sang vao sgi, cac m5i n5i sgi, SIJhAp th\l va tan Xl;!ben trong
12
Suy hao cling

sutit tin hifU
quang
Clla sgi.
Suy hao eong suAttin hi~u quang dugc tinh theo cong thuc sau;
L (dB) = 101gPin-10lgPout
Trong do: Pin la cong suAt anh sang phat ra 6 d~u vao sgi quang (dan vi:
mW), Poutla cong suAtanh sang thu duge 6 d~u ra sgi quang (dan vi:
mW).
La suy hao clla tin hi~u quang khi qua mQt m5i han sgi quang. Yeu e~u:
13
Suyhaom8i
him s(1i quang
(dan vi III dB)
- Trung binh/l m5i han:S O,ldB (ap d\lllg eho mQt tuy6n cap bAtky).
- CIJCdl;!i/l m5i han:S 0,2dB: s5 m5i han co suy hao CIJCdl;!ikhong dugc
vugt qua 20% t6ng s5 m5i han Cllatuy6n.
14
Suyhaodau
AO
nOl
coup ler
La suy hao cua tin hi~u quang khi qua mQt bQ ghep coupler. Yeu cAu ,
"
suy hao tl;li dAu n6i ::; O,5dB.

,
(dan vi III dB)

La tY s6 giua s6 bit bi 16i thu dugc tren t6ng s6 bit phat di. ThOng s6
nay dZictrung cho chat lugng truy~n d~n cua dUOng truy~n.
15
BER (Bit
Error Ratio)
Vi d7,l:
+ BEB < 10-6 d6i v6i lu6ng El.

+ BER < 10-10 d6i v6i tin hi~u STM1,
STM4, STM16 khong sir
d\lllg khuech dl;li quang.

+ BER < 10-12 d6i v6i tin hi~u STM64 va cac
M th6ng
khac co su
d\lllg khuch dl;li quang,

2. Cap Quang
39
Ouyin 1: Cae thulit ngiCkV thulit viin thOng

Ctipquang
PhD.n4.Mang truyin dan
Cap quang la cap bQCgia cubng cho cae cac sgi quang truyen dfln tin hi~u
nhfun m\lC dich co th~ thi~t l~p cac tuy~n sgi quang a cac diSu ki~n va dia
hinh khac nhau nhu chOn trl)'c ti~p, chOn c6ng b~, treo, ...
CMII!~ntb~thmfWot
Blo"lf 1(11
.loll<
Soith6n9'Hm
WMtr~fJiN:1n
16
!..d'pltio~I&(;\1'
BiMel&SwetIIbt>T,~
L6pGiaeubrltl'lgWi
WMer 8JkDJ
Gfn6 Y-IIl'I
Tbiinhpbll8'~g
lrunl lm
L6p16tron;
H!JPE milltiPl'I
O/lllt&n
HDPfml~l&llJl
l6p1'O~.
HOPElWu$n
Hinh 14: cdu tr;1O cap quang

Cap s6 8: La lolilicap quang hinh s6 8 chuyen dUng d~ treo tren cQt nen co
them thanh phlln day gia cubng d~ chiu ll,lc.
~ __
~~_."
PhSn
111<:htu Wt: tnlfl& ~m
llhjkiol,l~i
17
Ctips88
..
'" Phlintd'cUn
Hinh 16: cdu tr;1O cap
s6 8
La lolilicap quang
chuyen dUng d~ treo
tren cQt, co thanh
phlln gia cubng dugc
cftu t~o a phlln chinh
giUa cua sgi cap.
18
CtipADSS
Hinh 18: Cap ADSS
40
Ouvin 1: Cae thutit ngii
kji thutit
Phttn4. Mang truvn dan
viln thOng
La mQt lo~ cap quang treo, duQ'c su dl,lIlgtren cac h~ th5ng truy~n tM va
pharr ph5i di~n nang. Day la lo~i cap k~t hQ'Pgiua hai chUc nang: ch5ng
set cho h~ th5ng truy~n tM di~n va truy~n tin bkg sqi quang.
Cap quang OPGW duQ'ctreo
a dinh cua dUOng day, truy~n tM, pharr ph5i
(thuOng til 100kV d~n 1000kV). Phk kim lo~ cua cap (sqi nhom, thep
bQc nhom) duQ'cn5i d~t d~ Mo v~ cQt thep, day dful va thi~t bi dUOngday
khoi anh huang cUa set danh. Cac sQ'iquang d~t trong 5ng long duQ'c su
19
CapOPGW
(OPtical Fiber
Ground Wire,
OPticaljiber
composite
overhead
Ground Wire Cap quang kit
h(fJJday ch6ng
dl,lIlgd~ truy~n dful thong tin t5c d9 cao: Tin hi~u viSn thong, tin hi~u
qulin ly ho~c cho cac m\lC dich khac cUa nganh di~n nhu Mo v~, do luOng,
qulin ly truy nh~p til xa h~ th5ng truy~n tM, tin hi~u f1JdQng h6a tr~.
Ngay nay, cap quang OPGW con duQ'cxay dlJ11gv6i m\lc dich cho cac
nha khai thac dich V\lviSn thong thue dUOngtruy~n.
'lIlIml
II
if
set)
"
Gong cap
ong cap la khung kim lo~ duQ'ck~p ch~t vao cQt di~n ho~c cQtviSn thOng
~ treo cap. Co hai lo~ gong thuOng dimg la gong hinh tron d~ k~p cQt tT\l
on va gong hai thanh d~ k~p vao cQt vuong.
20
1fznh20:Gongca
chocQt~on
1fznh 21: Gong cap cho cQt vu
41
Phan4. Mang trurin dan
Ourin 1: Cae thulit ngir kV thulit viin thOng

KfpCap
~p cap la ph\! ki~n dUng d~ treo cap quang s6 8. K~p cap gAm hai tfun kim
oc;Uk~p cMt vao phful day treo cap. Sau do k~p cap dugc gfu c6 dinh vao
Qt (bfulg gong) d~ treo c6 dinh cap.
21
Hinh 2,2: K?p cap

Treo cap
Qtreo cap dugc sir d\lllg d~ treo cap tv treo (ADSS). Do cAu true cap
ss khong
cO day wOng nen phai dUng bQ treo d~ do toan bQ cap. BQ
eo dugc c6 dinh len cQt
d~ treo c6 dinh eli .
22
Niocap
Qneo cap dugc su d\lllg d~ c6 dinh cap ADSS tc;Uvi tri d6i hu6ng di cap
o~c k~t cu6i cap. BQ neo su d\lllg cac sgi nhom rap d~ gift ch~t cap. Neo
ap dugc vit ch~t vao cQt d~ c6 dinh dUOng cap.
23
Hinh 24: Bi) Neo cap
42
Phan4. Mang truy~n dan
Cong ngh~ SDH (Phan e&psa dang bi) la eong ngh~ truySn dful dlJa tren
vi~e s~p x~p cae tin hi~u can truYSn vao cae khung truySn tai e6 kieh
thu6e ehuAn h6a va sir d\ll1gky th~t con tra d~ giai quy~t vAn dS sai l~eh
dinh thai giua cae nut m~g. SDH sir d\ll1gky thu~t dang bi) dang ha giua
cae nut m~g d~ giai quy~t vAn dS sai l~ch dinh thai giua tin hi~u dAuvao
va tin hi~u dAura. Ky thu~t con tra eho phep diSu ehinh vi tri tin hi~u cAn
truySn trong khung truySn tai d~ thich (mg vm tae di) pMt eUa tUng nut
m~ng. Cae khung truYSn 1iliehuful h6a eua SDH la STM-l/4/l6/64
Truyn dan
SDH
(Synchronous
Digital
Hierachy)
(mg v6i tae di) bit l55M/622M/2.5G/lOG.
tucmg
SDH eung e&pcae giao di~n
nguai dung: SDHI PDH va Ethernet (NGSDH).
1J9264MbI.
Co3
>4Mb1s
45Mb1s
Con: Conrainer-n
VC-n: Vinual container-n
TU-n; Tributary Unit-n
TUG-n: Tn"butary Unit Group-n
AU-n: Administrative Unit-n
AUG: Administrative Unit Group
STMc 1: Synchronous Transport Module-I
2.048 Mb/s
C-II
1.55 Mbls
Hinh 25: cdu true gltep kenh SDH theo ehudn CMu Au
M~g dang bi) la m~g rna cae thi~t bi tren m~g ho~t di)ng dang bi) v6i
nhau theo mi)t thai gian ehufuI. Vi d\l: Cae m~g
pMi dang bi): M~g
truySn dful SDH, m~g di di)ng, m~g PSTN, ...

SlJ cAn thi~t phai dang bi): Dang bi) m~g co imh hu6ng 16n.d~n di) 6n
dinh va chAt lm;mg dich V\l eua m~g thong tin. SlJ mAt dang bi) hay dang
bi) kern gay nen rung pha, troi pha, trugt, ... lilm suy gifun chAt luQ'l1~dich
2
V\l,muc di) anh hu6ng co th~ t6m t~t nhu bang dum day:
Mllc dl} anh hllOng khi mit clang bl}
Lo~i djch
VI}
TruySn eac van ban rna hoa
cl8ngbl} kern
Giai rna 16i, pMi truySn l~
Khung hinh dirng l~ trong vai giay, co ti~
Dich V\lvideo
bap trong am thanh
TruySn sa I ~u
MAt ho~c l~p l~i dfr li~u, mAt khung
Dich V\ltho~
Quay sai sa, d6 nhfun chuong, ...

43
Ouyin 1: Cae thulit ngii'
kY thulit
Phlin4. Mang truyin dal1
viin thOng
Ghep kenh phan chia theo thai gian (TDM): La ky th~t
ghep kenh
thuemg duQ'c su d\lIlg trong truy~n dful s6. Trong do, cac kenh eo cUng tful
s6 duQ'c truy~n tren mQt duemg truy~n nhung t?i cac thm diSm khac nhau
(gQi la Khe thm gian - Time slot).
Ghipkenh
TDM(Time
Division
Multipex)
c
Hinh 26: Ghep kenh phan chia theo thili gian
Lu6ng Ella lu6ng theo chuful PDH cUa Chau au co t6c dQ 2,048 Mbps,
4
dinh d~g khung theo chuful PCM30 (bQi s6 cUa lu6ng Ella E2, E3, E4
LuJngEl
trong do t6c dQ cua lu6ng En = E(*4 (n-I),trong do n= 2,3,4).

Kh6i truy~n tai d6ng bQ (STM-l, STMA, STM-16, STM-64). Trong do
lu6ng STM-l co t6c dQ 155,52 Mbps (cac lu6ng con l~i STM-n eo t6c dQ
bfulg n*STM-l)
cau trUc khung cUa lu6ng STM-l: Khung STM-l (STM-n) Co chi~u dill
l251ls.
STM
5
Ff8me_125us
(Synchronous
Transport
Module)
FA
Frame.
125us
Frame_125us
1 b,u. 0110
64kbl1l5
channo~
....
~
STM-1. :no ColumM (2430 byteli) .....
Administrative
Pointers
.4
Unit
Capal:ltyofthe
9 Rows
Virtual Container
Overhead width II;columns
Hinh 27: cJu true khung STM_l
KenhDCC
Kenh truy~n thong tin OAM (khai thac, quim ly, bao duang) gifra cac nut
(Data
m~g v6i nhau va gifra cae nut m~g v6i h~ di~u hanh m~g. Giup co thS
Communicatio
quim ly cac nut m~g ill xa. Thong tin DCC duQ'ctruy~n tren 3 byte D 1, D2,
nChannels)
D3 trong mao dAuSDH. T6e dQt6i da eua kenh DCC la 192Kbps.
Block
MQt kh6i la rnQt t~p hgp cac bit lien ti~p trong lu6ng da li~u. MQt bit
thuQc v~ rnQt kh6i va chi rnQt kh6i rna th6i.
Lai
8
Hinh 28: MilO ttdu SDH
khIJi MQt kh6i bi l6i trong do co it nhAt rnQt bit bi l6i.
(Errored
Block
Giliy lai (ES)
Errored second (ES): Giay l6i la khoang thai gian rnQt giay trong do
rnQt ho~c nhiu l6i bit xay ra.
44
Phfln4. Mang truyin dan
Ouyin 1: Cae th uat ngil' ky thuat viin thOng
Lai Severely errored second (SES): Giay 16i nghiem trQng hi khofmg
Gifiy
10 nghiem tr(Jng thai gian mQt giay trong do
~ "'"
t.Y soloi
-3
bit vuQt qua 10 .
(SES)
KMi
11
Lai n2n
MQt kh6i 16i nn lit mQt kh6i bi 16i khong thuQc trong giay 16i
nghiem trQng.
BBE
(Background
BLockError)
khOng Unavailable second (UAS): MQt m:;mg duQ'c coi lit khong kha dVng
Gifiy
12
khii
d(lng
ill giay dAu tien trong it nhAt 10 giay 16i nghiem trQng lien ti8p.
M~ch duQ'c coi lit kha d\lllg ill giay dAu tien trong it nhAt 10 giay
(UAS)
lien ti8p khong phai giily 16inghiem trQng.

suy
Phut
13
..
glam
chiit
Degraded minute (DM): PMt suy giam chAt IUQ'llglit khoang thm
gian mQt pMt trong do
.-
t.Y so loi bit
vuQt qua 10 .
luunf[ (DM)
14
Giay
khong
lai(EFS)
Giay khong 16i lit khoang thai gian mQt gilly trong do khong 16i bit
nito xayra.
SNCP (Sub-Network Connection Protection): Lll
15
SNCP
V\l
CCY
cha khai bao dich
theo hai huang khac nhau dS bao v~ cho cae luang t6c dQtMp (El, E3
... ) thuOngduqc ap d\l11gkhai bao ~ lOptroy nh~p.

MSPRING (Multiplex Section Protection Ring): La co cha khai bao bao
16 MSPRING
v~ cho cae dich
V\l
ch~y tren cae do~ cua cae vong Ring co t6c dQ cao
(thuOng III til STM16 tra len ). (rng d\l11gcho cae lu6ng t~ lOphQitv tra
len.
Cong ngh~ DWDM
45
Ouvin 1: Cae thulit ngir kV thulit viin thOng

TruyJn
dan
Phan4. Mang truvn dan
La cong ngM ghep kenh theo buac song v6i m~t dQ cao. Theo do, 40 dSn
DWDM
80 1u6ng thong tin truyn dful co t6c dQ 1OG/40G/1OOGco th~ duQ'c ghep
(Dense
chung d~ truyn dful tren mQt sqi quang dan mode nang dung luqng
Wavelength
truyn dful cua sqi quang len 800G/3200G/8T. Cong ngh~ DWDM cho
Division
phep truyn dful khoang cach xa rna chi ck cac tr~
Multiplexing)
khu8ch d~ DWDM ho~c thi8t bi tii t~o tin hi~u. Cong ngh~ DWDM tang
trung gian la tr~
khii truyn dful sqi quang v6i dung luqng cao, khoang cach xa va giam s6
luqng thi8t bi su d\ll1gkenh truyn nh..!!SDH/Switch/Router/ .., trung gian
17
Hinh 29: Ctiu true ghep kenh DWDM va pM eua tin hi?u ghep
OSNR
a ti s6 gifra cong sudt tin hi~u va cong sudt t~p fun quang cua mQt kenh
(Optical
uang tren mQt bang tk xac dinh. Ngu6n nhiSu co th~ la bQ phM, xuyen
Signal
'Su ho~c phat x~ tv pMt duQ'ckhu8ch d~i (amplified spontaneous
to
mission ASE) ill bQ khu8ch d~ EDF A. Thong s6 OSNR co th~ duQ'c su
Noise Ratio)
\ll1gtrong thi8t k8 m~g ding nhu d~ danh gia chdt luqng cua cac kenh
uang.
, nghIa: OSNR bi~u thi muc chdt luqng cua tin hi~u thu. OSNR duQ'c
18
iIng d~ uac luqng ty s6 I6i bit BER. Til muc BER yeu cAuco th~ tinh ra
uc OSNR t6i thi~u ck phai d~t.
ong thuc tinh OSNR: OSNR [dB] = 10 * log
P'
Signa
PNf:>islJ
Trongdo:
-
Psignal
la cong sudt tin hi~u quang tren bang thong philn giai (resolution
bandwidth - RBW), theo dan vi tuy8n tinh (W)

-
P noise
la cong sudt nhiSu uang tich h. , theo dan vi tuy8n tinh (W)
46
Ouvln 1: Cae thuiit ngi1'kjj thuiit viin thOng

BQkhu~ch d,i
quangOA
(Optical
Amplifier)
19
Phlin4. Mang truy2n dan
OA nfun tren tuy6n DWDM co nhi~m V\l khu6ch d!p cong xudt tin hi~u
nhfun tang khoimg each truy~n dfin DWDM. V 6i cae h~ th6ng dimg
khu6ch d!p EDF A thi co ba lo~i OA: bi) khu6ch d!p tang cUCmg(OBA Optical Booster Amplifier), bi)' ti~n khu6ch d!p (OPA - Optical
PreAmplifier) va OLA (Optical Line Amplifier). OBA Ill. bi) khu6ch d~i
cong sudt 160 duqe sir d\lI1g a dAu phat d tang eUCmgeong sudt phat.
OPA Ill. bi) khu6ch d!p t~p fun thdp cho tin hi~u nh6 duqe sir d\lI1g a dAu
thu. OLA Ill. bi) khu6ch d~i hai tAng k~t hqp OPA, OBA duqc sir d\lI1g a
cae tr~ khu6eh d!p giua tuy6n. V 6i h~ th6ng sir d\lI1gkhu6ch d!p Raman
thi khong pharr bi~t OPA, OBA va OLA.
ChU'c nang: ChUc nang co bim cua bi) khu~ch d~i OA Ill. khu~ch d!p cong
sudt quang. Ngoai ra, OA con co cae chue nang ph\l trq nhu giam sat cong
sudt, trieh mi)t phAn tin hi~u ghep t5ng cho m\le dich do kim, giam sat, ...
47
Ouyin 1: Cae thuot ngu

Khu~chdl;li
Raman
kV thulit
viin thOng
Phan4. Mang truy2n dan
Khuech d~ Raman d\fa tren hi~n tuqng tan XI;lRaman kich thich
(Stimulated Raman Scattering). Tan XI;lRaman kich thich la hi~n tuqng
m(lt nguyen ill hApth\l nang luqng Cllam(lt photon, sau do tl;lora m(lt
photon co nang luqng khac. Vi v~y, tan XI;lRaman kich thich dugc dinh
nghia la hi~n tuqng photon tM cApdugc sinh ra do nguan ben ngoai.
DS co khu~ch dl;liRaman thi pMi tl;lora S\fnghich dao nang d(l. DiSu nay
dl;ltdugc bfuIg cach cung cApnang luqng cho cac nguyen ill clla sgi quang
ill m(lt laser bam co buac song thAp hem buac song cua tin hi~u. Khi do,
cac nguyen ill clla sgi quang se hApth\l nang luqng bam co nang luqng
cao(buac song nglin) va chuySn len muc cao hem. Khi co tin hi~u d~n, no
se kich thich cac nguyen til dang (] muc nang luqng cao chuySn sang
trl;lIlgthai nang luqng thAp hem va giai ph6ng ra m(lt nang luqng dum
dl;lIlgphoton anh sang co cimg buac song (dai hem buac song bam) ~a
cimg pha vm tin hi~u d~n. Do do, tin hi~u d1idugc khuech dl;li
Sl1i quang
thudn'"
.:
I:>
Isolator
20
Hinh 30: cdu true eua b(j khuyeeh agi Raman
Gam:
- Sgi quang: La noi xay ra qua trinh khuyech d~
- B(l ghep: Dugc dimg dS ghep buac song tin hi~u vao vm song
bam
- Laser bam: Cung cApnang luqng cho cac nguyen tu clla sgi quang
chuySn len trl;lIlgthai kich thich, giup tl;loS\fnghich dao nang d(l.
- B(l cach ly: d~t (] hai dAuclla b(l khu~ch dl;liquang dS ngan ch~
tin hi~u pharr XI;lahai dAub(l khuech dl;li.Dang thai no ding giup
lo~ trir nhiSu ASE theo huang ngugc vS phia dAuvao co thS gay
iinh huang den tin hi~u dAuvao.
48
Phfln4. Mang truy~n dan
auyin 1: Cae thutit ngii kJ7 thutit vin thOng

Khuech dl}.i
EDFA
Khuech d~i EDFA (Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier): La lo~ khuech d~

quang d\fa tren hi~n tw;mg phat x~ tv phat. Trong EDF A, di~u ki~n dS co
khu~ch d~i tin hi~u la d~t duqc S\fnghich dao n6ng dQb&ngcach su d\lllg
ngu6n bam dS bam cac ion erbium len tr~g thai kich thich.
~.jj.Doped
fiber
Isolator
fsolator
Coupler
Laserbdm
Hinh 31: cdu true b6 khuyeeh ar;zi EDFA
21
cAu truc bao g6m:
- Sqi quang pha trQn ion dftt hi~m Erbium: La nai xay ra qua trinh
khuech d~ cua EDF A.
- Laser bam: Cung cApnang luqng anh sang dS t~o ra tr~g thai
nghich dao n6ng dQ.
.
- Coupler: Ghep tin hi~u quang ck khuech d~ va anh sang Clla
Laser bam vao trong sqi quang.
- BQ cach ly quang (Isolator): Ngan khong cho tin hi~u quang duqc
khuech d~ pharr x~ nguqc v~ phia d~u phat ho~c cac tin hi~u
quang tren duemg tniy~n pharr x~ nguqc v~ EDF A.
49
Quvin 1: Cae thulit ngic IQi thulit viin thOng
Phdn4. Mang truvin dan
III. Ml}.ngtruy~n din Viettel

TT
Thuat n if
Khlii niemlthU'c ti~n Viettel

- M~g truy~n dfulla h{l tfulg truy~n ffii thong tin cho cac m~g vi~n thong
khac nhu: M~g IP, A1P/F, Mobile ... No cung cAp cac dUOng k@tn6i tl:r
BTS - BSC, NodeB - RNC, DSLAM - Site Router, giua cac core vimg v~
trung tam, giua cac khu Vl!Cvm nhau ...
- M~g
truy~n dful Clla Viertel cung cAp cac kenh: El (2Mbps), E3 (45
Mbps), STM-l (155,52 Mbps), STM-4 (622 Mbps = 4 x STM-l), STM-16

(2,5 Gbps = 4xSTM-4); cac kenh Fast Ethernet (2,4,6,8 ... 100 Mbps).
cAu TRUC M.~.l~GTRlJ"YN Dk" VIETTI:L
M9ngtruyJn
dan quang
Lap 15i
Lap Aecess
Hinh 32: cau truc mq,ng truyn ddn Viettel

M~g truy~n dful cua Viertel dugc chia lam 4 lap:
Pltiin [Up
m9ng
- Lap tI1lc qu6c gia (National Backbone Layer).

- Lap 15i hay can gQi la lap lien tinh (Core Layer).
- Lap hQi t\l hay can gQi la lap nQi tinh (Convergence Layer).
- Lap truy nh~p (Access Layer).
Cong ngh~
S11
d\lng: DWDM dung lugng cao (400Gbps) va dugc tf>chUc
thanh cac m~ch don.

Dung lugng: N x STM-64.
LUp atritng
tr(lc
Co ch@bao v~: OLP, OMSP (DWDM).

DQ pM: DuOng tr\lC B~c - Nam (HNI - HCM), cac vong ring qu6c t@.
ChUc nang: K@tn6i luu lugng cac vimg rni~n, truy~n tai dich V\IB~c Nam, kSt n6i cac hu6ng di Qu6c tS.
50
Quvin 1: Cae thulit ngif
kV thulit
Phan4. Mang truyin dan
viln thOng
..
Cong ngh~ sir d\Ulg: Quy ho~ch sir d\Ulg cong ngh~ DWDM, SDH.
Dung lUQ11g:400 Gbps (DWDM), 10Gbps (SDH).
BQ pM: NQi h~t cac thanh ph6 Ian (HNI, DNG, HCM), cac vop.g ring
lien tinh.
LrJp loi (IUp
lien tinlt)
Ca che bao v~: OLP, OMSP (DWDM) va MSP linear, SNCP mirc VC4
(SDH).
Quy ho~ch mirc bao v~: 1+3.

ChUc nling: T~p trung hru lUQ11gdich
trung tam dich
LUp Itvi t{l

(lup nvi tinlt)
V\l
V\l
a cac
Tinh, chuy~n tai vS cac
t~i cac thanh ph6 Ha NQi, Ba Ndng, H6 Chi Minh.
Cong ngh~ sir d\Ulg: SDH.
Dung lUQ11g:STM-16 tra len.
BQ pM: NQi h~t cac thanh ph6, cac tuyen lien huy~n, thi xa.
Ca che bao v~: MSP linear, SNCP mirc VC4.
Mirc bao v~: 1+2.
~j
'ilt!
'1L
i\
'f""
ChUc nling: Ket n6i lap l5i va lap truy nh~p, chuySn ill lUll lm;mg dich
V\l
'I\~'
J~\
-'\~.
ill lap truy nh~p len lap l5i.
~.4(!
,,,,"
Cong ngh~ sir d\Ulg: SDH.
Dung lUQ11g:STM-l/STM-4.
Ca che bao v~: PP, SNCP mirc VC4.
Mirc bao v~: 1+ 1.
ChUc nling: La lap trgc tiep ket n6i v6i cac node access cua cac m~g
LrJp truy nlt9P
dich
V\l
.~~
\!fj
It
'
(BTS/NodeB, DSLAM, PSTN, khach hang thue kenh ... )
h6i duQ'c dUng khi ta cfuJ.dg phOng vS cap ho~c thiet bi ciing nhu khai bao
7
Vu Itai
M diSu hanh.
Vi dlj:
- Vu h6i 1+ 1: 1 huang bao v~ dUng dg phong cho 1 huang chinh
- Vu h6i 1+2: 2 huang bao v~ dUng dg phong cho 1 huang chinh
- Vu h6i N+ 1: 1 thiet bVcard dg phOng cho N thiet bV card.
Loop luBng : La th~t
Loop luang
.
S(r c8 xay ra
9
10
tren m{lng
truyin dan
Tltill gian xii'

Ij S(r ct5 m{lng
truvin dan
ngft
ma
'!o,i
"
Vu hBi hay con gQi la dg phOng (backup). Trong m~g truySn dful, th~t ngft vu
lu6ng tren
.I~
ta' vi~c dAu vong cUa mQt dUOng truySn,
thuOng duQ'cdUng trong vi~c pMn do~ dS kiSm tra ket n6i.
Sg co m~g truyen dfulla tong sg co xay ra tren m~g truyen dful. Cac sg ca
duQ'cxac dinh la sg c6 truySn dful bao g6m:
- S\I c6 tren m~g cap quang
- S\I c6 xay ra trong phOng may lien quan den cac thiet bi truySn dful
SDH, DWDM va Metro tit phfuJ.AGG xu6ng Site Router
Thai gian xir ly sg co m~g truyen dfulla khoang thai gian tinh tit khi sg co
xay ra xullt hi~n canh bao tren h~ th6ng quan ly m~g den khi canh bao d6
duQ'c Clear tren h~ th6ng.
51
Quvin 1: Cae thuat ngic

11
12
Nhfiytr{lm
BTS
Diem chet tren
m{lng truyRn
dan
IV.
leV thuat
viin thOng
Nhay tqUll BTS la vi~c mat kilt noi v~t 1)'- til BTS den BSC trong khoang thai
gian ::;3phut, t~ til thM di~m xuftt hi~n canh bao d@nkhi canh bao duQ'c
clear tren M thong
Diem cMt la diem khi xay ra SlJco ~ vi tri diem do gay gian do~ thong tin
cho 5,ill (BTS/N~deB) tra len ho~c 10 1u6ng E1/FE tra len. Vi tri di~m ch@t
co the la mQt tuyen cap ho~c mQt tr~
Thi~t hi va phI} ki~n trong phOng may
TT
Thuat n Thietbi SDH
khin thilt
Khlii niem/thlfc ti~n Viettel

ard diSu khi~n nh~ cac l~nh til h~ th5ng quim 1)'- phk til (EMS) va h~ th5ng
Card
1
Phan4. Mang truvn dan
hi
uan 1)'- m~g (NMS) va diSu khi~ncac thanh phk tren thi@tbi. ChUc nang diSu
.~n g6m 3 qua trinh: truy vftn thOng tin, thi@tl~p cftu hinh va gill ban tin canh
Cardngu6n
2
Card ilifu chio

3
ard ngu6n duQ'c su d\lIlg d~ nh~ va chuy~n d6i ngu6n dAuvao (-48VDC/
20V AC/ ... ) thanh d~g ngu6n pM hQ'Pd~ nuoi cac thanh phk trong thi@tbi (5
~'tJ
DC/12 VDC):~Htl
'M
ard dftu n5i cheo co chuc nang k@tn5i container ao (VC-4/ VC-3NC-12/
);~~~
ifra cac lu6ng tin hi~u dc1uvao khac nhau (STM-N, PDH, Ethernet GFP,
). K@t';
5i cheo bao g6m hai cftp: b~c cao (high order g6m VC-4) va b~c thftp (VC-3,!'2,'
C-12)
Card giao diin
ard giao di~n SDH la card chua cac c6ng giao tiSp STM-N (N=1/4/16/64/256)
SDH
UQ'Csu d\lIlg xu 1)'- tin hi~u STM-N va tach thanh cac VC-4 dua d@nphk k@tn6i
heo qua bus cua backplane. Giao di~n STM-1 co th~ la giao di~n di~n ho~c
uan . Cac STM-N b~c cao han luon Iil iao di~n nan .
Card giao diin

5
PDH
ard giao di~n PDH la card chUa cac c6ng giao ti@pPDH (E11E3/DS3/ ... ) duQ'c
u d\lIlg d~ xu 1)'- cac tin hi~u PDH d~ ghep vilo cac container ao (VC-4NCNC-12/ ... ) dua d@nphkk@tn5i cheo qua bus cua backplane. Giao di~n PDH
uang la giao di~n di~n.
Card giao diin

Ethernet
6
ard giao di~n Ethernet lil card chua cac c6ng giao ti@pEthernet (FE, GE) duQ'c
u d\lIlg d~ xu 1)'- cac tin hi~u Ethernet d~ ghep vao cac container ao (VC-4NCNC-12/ ... ) bfug thu tl,lcdong khung GFP va dua d@nphk k@tn5i cheo qua bus
ua backplane. Giao di~n FE thuang la,giao di~n di~n con giao di~n GE co th~ la
i~n ho~c uang.
52
~it
Quvin 1: Cae thulit ngir
kf thulit
PhOn4. Mong truvJn dan
viin thOng
Gong suat thu
Cong sufrt thu tren Port quang la muc cong suAtthu P (dBm) tren cac port quang
trenport
Cllathi@tbi truy~n dfuI SDH. Cong sufrt thu tren 1 port quang phai nfun trong
quangSDH
ngu5ng cho phep d@diun bao khong gay ra 16i tuy@nva co quy d\I phOng.
(dan vi: dBm)
P (sensitive) + 3 :SP:S P (overload) - 5 (dB)

- P (sensitive) hay dl) OO;;tythu: Cong sufrt OOi'>ooAt d~u thu co th@thu dugc tin
hi~u v6i muc tY s6 l6i bit d;;tttieu chufrn
- P (overload): Cong sufrt Ian ooAt d~u thu co th@thu dugc tin hi~u v6i muc tY
s6 16i bit d;;tttieu chufrn
Bppluitdap
han theo vi tri va vai tro thi co hai 10;;tiOIU: OIU k@tcu6i va OIU tai t;;to.
quang (OTU:
- OIU k@tcu6i nfun a vi tri bien cua m;;tngDWDM, dong vai tro giao ti@pv6i
Optical
ac thi@tbi m;;tngngoai su d\Ulg dich
Transponder
6i gifta bu6c song tin hi~u khong chufrn h6a cua cac thi@tbi m;;tngngom va bu6c
Unit)
ong chudn h6a DWDM pM hgp v6i cac bl) tach ghep keOO.
Y\l
DWDM. OIU k@tcu6i th\IChi~n chuy@n
- OIU tai t;;tOnfun ben trong m;;tngDWDM th\Ic hi~n tlii t;;totin hi~u d@lo;;tibi'>
ac anh huang chAt lugng tren du<'mgtruy~n OOfuntang khoang cach truy~n dfuI.
IU co ba chlrc nang chiOO:tai t;;tod;;tngxung (reshape), d6ng bl) l;;ti(reiiming)
a phlit 1;;ti(regenerate). Ngoai ra, OIU con co cac chlrc nang ph\! trg OOugiiun
lit tr;;tngthai va chAt lugng tuy@n,sua 16i, ...
hinh ve tren OIU chinh la cac Ix va Rx.
BpgMpkenh
9
theo quang
0
MU nfun
quang(ODU)
co vai tro ghep tin hi~u quang d@
y~n tren cung ml)t sgi quang.

ren hiOOve tren OMU chinh la bl) MUX
DU nfun
10
a d~u phlit cua tuy@nDWDM,

a d~u thu cua tuy@nDWDM,
co vai tro tach lu6ng tin hi~u tach 1u6ng .
uang ghep keOOt6ng thanh cac keOObu6c song dan.

ren hiOOve tren ODU chiOOIa DEMUX
11
BpgMpkenh
huc nang
xen requang
I)t s6 keOObu6c song til/len 1u6ng ghep keOOt6ng.
(OADM:
goai ra, OADM con co cac chuc nang ph\! OOudi~u chiOOcong suAttUng keOO,
OpticalAdd
iiun sat cong suAt, trich ml)t phk tin hi~u ghep t6ng cho vi~c do ki@m,giiun
CC1
ban cua kh6i OADM (Optical Add Drop Multiplexer) 1atlich/ghep
Drop
Multi lex
S3
Quyln 1: Cac thuat ngit
12
kV thuat viin
thOng
Phlin4. Mang truyin dan
BpgMpkenh
I'rong h~ th6ng DWDM, thi@tbi ROADM co vai tra nhu OADM nhung cho
xenrequang
:lhep co th~ cAuhinh l~i (nrc 1ano co kha nang di~u khi~n "dinh tuy@n"buac
co tMcau
ong hay noi cach khac 1ano co th~ thay d6i cAuhinh duQ'ckhac vai OADM s6
hinh lfl.i
uqng va th(r tl! cac buac song xenJre la khong thayd6i duQ'c).
(ROADM:
Reconfigurahl
e Optical Add
Drop
Multiplex).
v. M~ng truy~n d~n vo tuy~n (Vi ba, VSAT)

TT
Thuat n -
Khlii niem/ Thuc ti~n Viettel
Ut phuong thUc truyn dfin tin hi~u dl!a tren vi~c thu pMt song di~n tit giua
cae dim khac nhau qua khong gian 1\1' do. Cac thi~t bi truyn dfin vi ba hOl;lt
dQng tren bang tan tit 1 d~n 30GHz. Khoimg each truy~n dful vi ba ph\!
thuQc vao t6c dQtruyn, kich thu&c tr6ng vi ba, bang tan hOl;ltdQng va moi
truOng truy~n dful (tinh trl;lllgche khu~t, vimg khi Mu, ... ).
Truyin dan
vi ha
:~~
rmM[!l~-1
~:
i-~.-rt-~
mnh 33: Truy~nddn viba
D\l
Dlf trir cong

suatthu cho
tuyin vi ha
phOng cong suAtthu la chnh l~ch gifra cong suAt thu th\lC t@va dQnh~y thu
do tlirikh6i IDU cua thi@tbi vi ba trong di~u ki~n thm ti@tt6t d~ diun bao cho
tuy@nvi ba co th~ ho~t dQng t6t truac nhfrng bien d6i v~ thai ti@tnhu mua, gio, ...
D\l
phOng cong suAtt6i thi~u cua tuy@nvi ba Ia 30 dB.
Theo quy ho~ch cua C\lCtdo s6 va tuy@ridi~n, tdo s6 vi ba se duQ'cquy dinh theo
3
Quyhofl.ch
hang tlin vi
ha t/teo clf ly
tuyin
khoang cach tuy@n.

- Bang tdo 7GHz: Quy dinh khoang cach t6i thi~u 1a 10 km.
- Bang tdo 15GHz: Quy dinh khoang cach t6i thi~u la 2 km.
- Bang tdo 18GHz: Khong quy dinh khoang cach t6i thi~u.
Truyin dan
VSAT la phuong th(rc truy~n dful thong tin va tuy@ngifra cac tr?ffi thu pMt vm
54
Ouvin 1: Cae thulit ngir kV thulit viin thOng

TT
Thuatn if
VSAT(Very
Small
Aperture
Terminal)
Phfm4. Mong truyin dan
Khlii niem/ Thuc ti~n Viertel .

kieh thuae anten nit nh6 (duang kinh dum 3 m), sir d\l1lgv~ tinh hlm h~ th6ng
ehuyn ti~p vo tuy~n.
Trong ml;lllgvi~n thOng Viertel sir d\l1lgthong tin v~ tinh trong mQt s6 truang hgp
sau:
- Truyn ddn thong tin sang ml;lllgvi~n thong QU6e t~ (Gateway).
- K~t n6i tr~
BTS vm BSC qua duang truyn ddn v~ tinh.
;~N
J: VI
folA
t)l'l
rf.i/
.N tl
La suy hao tl! nhien tren duang truyn vo tuy~n do nang luqng Me x~ lan'rQng
trong khong gian.
Cong thire tinh suy hao trong khong gian tl! do:
L= (41tdlAi
Trong do:
Suyhao
khonggian
tv do( FSL Free Space
Loss)
- L la ghi tri suy hao trong khong gian t\l do (dan vi:
vi)
- A la buae song (dan vi: m).

- f la tAn s6 (dan vi: Hz).
- d la khoang each truyn ddn (dan vi: m).
- e v~ t6e truyn song eua aub sang, e=3 * 108 mls.
N~u L do bfulg dan vi dB thi eong thire nhu sau:
L=33.4dB+20log(f)+ 20Iog(d)
Trong do:
fdobfulgMHz.
ddo bfulgkm.
La ti l~ giua mire nang luqng bit tin hi~u va ~p am eua moi duang truyn, day la
EhlNo
(Energy hit!
Noise)
truang hgp SNR trong thong tin s6. Eb/No dUQ'esir d\l1lg d daub gia chAt luqng
Fading
Pha-dinh la s\l thang giang mQt each ng&unhien tin hi~u vo tuy~n t~i dim thu.
ella tin hi~u s6.
55
Ouvin 1: Cae thuat ngii kjj thuat viln thOng

TT
Thuat ne:ii'
Phfm4. Mang trurin dan
Khlii niem/ ThU'c ti~n Viertel

Khi tin hi~u duQ'ctruySn ill anten pMt dSn anten thu, no se di theo nhiSu dUOng
kMc nhau. Cac tia fillYg6m tia di thfuIg - LOS, tia phan Xlilill cac v~t chful tren
dUOngtruySn ... Tin hi~u thu duQ'cla tin hi~u t6ng cua cac tin hi~u tren. NSu cac
tin hi~u nay d6ng pha thi cuOng dQtin hi~u t6ng duQ'c tang cUOng.NSu cac tin
hi~u nay nguQ'c pha thi se tri~t tieu Ifillnhau lam cuOng dQtin hi~u t6ng tlilianten
thu giam nghiem tr9ng.
Fading phfuIg (flat fading) xay ra khi bang thong cua kenh truySn 1611hon'bang
tfu1cua tin hi~u (cM
y tin hi~u thi la bang tAn, khong
phill bang thOng). Do cac h~
th6ng t6c dQ thap co dQ rQng bang tAntin hi~u h~p (h~p hmi dQ rQng kenh truYSn)
nen chiu ilnh huang cua flat fading. Anh huang cua flat fading tac dQng len toan
8
Fading
phang
bQ dill tAntin hi~u truySn tren kenh la nl1u nhau. Do do vi~c tinh toan dQ dg tru
fading (fading margin) d~ dang hon (cac tAn s6 trong bang tAn dSu bi mc dQng nhu
nhau thi chi vi~c tang them pMt cho 1&tca bang tAn. Thgc tS thi co bQ g9i la 1\l
'Il
".
Tn
K
:'1
G
dQng diSu chinh dQ lQ'i-AGC (Auto Gain Control) se diSu chinh muc bit nhi~u
-.
nay)
"'.
:~,9
Fading 19a ch9n tfu1s6 (selective fading) xay ra khi bang tAn cua tin hi~u 1611hon
bang thong cua kenh truYSn. Do do h~ th6ng t6c dQ vira va 1611co dQrQng bang tin
9
Fading llfa
ch!Jn tOn s6
hi~u 1611(I611hon dQrQng kenh) se chiu nhiSu tac dQng cua selective fadil1g. rac
hlili1611nhat cua 10lilifading nay la gay nhi~u len ki 1\l-ISI. Selective fading mc
dQng len cac tAn s6 khac nhau (trong cimg bang tAn cua tin hi~u) la khac nhau, do
,t-"
__
do vi~c dg W nhu flat fading la khong th~.
10
Fading
nhanh (hi?u
U7lg
Doppler)
~~
Fading nhanh (fast fading) hay con g9i IIIhi~u rrng Doppler, nguyen nhan la co sll
( M'".
chuy~~ dQng wong d6i giua may ~u v~ may pMt dfu1dSn tAn s6 thu duQ'c se bi :\~ ,
\
.r ;.
dich tan di 1 luqng delta f so v6i tan so pMt wong rrng.
\( ;';y
Do ilnh huang cua cac v~t can tra tren dUOngtruySn. VD: toa nha cao tAng, ng9n
nui, d6i ... lam cho bien dQ tin hi~u suy giam, do do con g9i la hi~u rrng bOng ram _
11
Fading
ch{im
(Shadowing) Tuy nhien, hi~n wqng nay chi xay ra tren mQt khoang cach 1611,nen
t6c dQ biSn d6i ch~.
Hay sg khong 6n djnh cuOng dQ tin hi~u ilnh huang dSn
hi~u rrng cho chful g9i la suy hao ch~.
Vi v~y hi~u rrng nay g9i la Fading ch~
(slow fading).
Anten la thiSt bi di~n tir th\l dQng co th~ hUc Xlilho~c thu nh~ song di~n tiroCac
12
Anten
thong s6 ~c trung cua anten bao g6m: tAn s6 hOliltdQng, dQtang ich (Gain), dQ
rQng bUp song, tilt di~n.
Isotropic antenna (ang-ten dfuIg hu611g)la ang-ten co hUc Xlilnhu nhau vS m9i
Anten dang
13
hU'ung
0"
hu611gtrong khong gian. Aug-ten nay la mQt ang-ten gia dinh, khong co th~t trong
thgc tS, co th~ hinh dung no nhu mQt di~m tich duQ'c clip ngu6n song di~n tir, hUc
56
-~"
Ourin 1: Cae thuat ngft kV thuat viin thong

TT
ThuatDgil
Phtm4. Mong trurin dan
Khlii Diem! ThlfC ti~D Viertel

Xlildang dBu ra mQi huang, dugc su d\ll1gnhu ml)t ang-ten chuck lam tham chi~u
d8 xac dinh tang fch Cllacac ang-ten dinh huang trong thgc t~.
Bup song chfnh la vimg khong gian t~p trung khoang 95% nang lugng song di~n
ill birc Xlilra khoi antenna.
14
Bupsong
chinh
>1) rl)ng buac song chinh theo phuong thikg dUng: Lit.goc gifra hai duang (quy vB
duang thikg) nua cong sullt tren va duai, tren m~t dt dUng Clla bup song chinh.
>1) rl)ng buac song chinh theo phuong ngang: Lit.goc gifra hai duang (quy vB
duang thikg) nua cong suM tren va duai, tren m~t dt ngang Cllabup song chinh.
Sg phan Xlilxay ra khi song di~n ill truyBn d~n ml)t v~t th8 co kich thuac Ian so
Slf phiin Xfl

16 song t1ijn tir
(reflection)
vai buac song clla song dugc truyBn. Sg phan Xlilxay ra ill bB m~t trcii dllt, cac toa
nhit.,tuang va ill nhiBu v~t can khac. N~u bB m~t tron phikg thi tin hi~u bi phan Xlil
vfin khong bi fmh huang m~c du vfin bi suy hao do sg hllp th1,1va tan Xlil.
Sg khuc Xlilmo ta nhUng duang gllp khuc Clla song vo tuy~n khi chUng di qua moi
SlfkhucXfl
17
(refraction)
truang co chi~t sullt khac nhau. Khi song vo tuy~n di qua moi truang co chi~t sullt
~
Ian hon song se bi be gay nhu la thay d6i huang di. Khi di qua moi truang nhu
v~y, song co th8 bi phan Xliltra llilitheo huang tin hi~u dugc mong dgi, ho~c co th8
thay d6i sang huang khac.

Sg nhiu Xlilxay ra khi duang song vo tuy~n gifra trlilIDtruyBn va trlilIDnh~ bi che
18
Slf nhilu xfl

(diffraction)
khuM Mi bB m~t khong bikg phikg. V6'i tful s5 cao, sg nhiu Xlilgi5ng nhu khuc
Xlil,my thul)c vao dlilllghinh hQCCllad5i tugng che khullt va bien dl), pha va dl)
pharr cgc Clla song tlilidi8m xay ra nhiu Xlil.
Sg tan Xlilxay ra khi moi truang truyBn dfin rna song ill qua tan tlilicac d5i tugng';1 l~
6'0f.
co kich thuac nho hon buac song Cllatin hi~u va s5 lugng cac v~t can tren ml)t
.
SlfttIn Xfl
19
(scattering)
,,,
".,
,;, '~
ttl I VIET
don vi the tich la Ian. Song bi tan Xlilxuat pMt ill cac be m~t go ghe, cac doi tugngN 1M,
.
,p
kich thuac nh6 ho~c cac thfmh phful gay tra nglilitren duang truyBn tin hi~u. Vi~A
d1,1:nhUng d5i tugng co th8 gay pharr tan song cho
M th5ng
S\l hllp th1,1song xay ra khi tin hi~u song g~p phai v~t can va bi hllp th1,1do chllt
li~u Cllav~t can nhung song khong di qua cling khong bi phan Xlilhay u5n cong
quanh d5i tugng.
La thu~t ngfr chi phuong thirc truyBn dfin trong t&m nhin thikg (tirc la anten pMt
LOS (Light
21
of site)
HO'l
,mJI
truyBn thong di dl)ng /i;- ~~;\
nhu cay c5i, ...
Slf hOpth,!
20
(Absorption)
)OAI
va anten thu nhin thfty nhau rna khong co v~t can nao gifra chUng). Vi d1,1vBtruyBn
dfin trong t&mnhin thikg la truyBn dfin vi ba, truyBn d~n v~ tfnh vsat.
57
~~
Quvin 1: Cae thulit ngu

TT
kf
PhOn4. Mang truv2n dan
thulit viln thOng
Thuat n -
Khlii niem! ThU'cti~n Viettel

La S\I giarr do~ ho~e nhi6u ella tin hi~u.v~ tinh dia tInh rna nguyen nhan gay
nhi6u la Me X<;l
ella m~t trOi. Hi~n tugng nay xay ra khi rna trai dAt,v~ tinh, m~t
trOi nb tren eimg mQt dubng thfulg.
Gitin ilofJn
22 do mijttrd;
(Sun
Outage)
Hinh 36: Hi?n tU(fng Sun Outage

Mi~n Fresnella 1 mi~n duqe t<;lobai cae elip d6ng tam xung quanh dubng di ella
tim nhin thfulg. Cae v~t th~ trong mi~n Fresnel nhu cay, dinh d6i va cae toa nha
co th~ gay ra nhi6u X<;l
hay pharr X<;l
dbi vai tin hi~u song vo tuySn ehinh, lam eho
no khong th~ dSn duqe tr<;lffinh~, di~u nay eilng gay ra
,
"
J.
23
thay d6i dbi vai tim.
~~~~!
{/q t\ ~",.\
=1
_~__
.__.
\" \ ~'"
01\
.,* \
I"
Mi2n
Fresnel
I dl
d2
~~);,
""'-~
,I
II'1;#'';/
~ '~.~
~'.\\',\
1.~~U
nhin vo tuyen.
n
S\I
o
Hinh 37: Min Fresnel
58
Ourin 1: Cae thulit ngit
kV thulit viln thOng
PhD.n5. Mang truy~n iiii IP
PHAN 5. M4NG TRUYEN TAl IP

I. MQt s8 khai ni~m chung
1. Khii ni~m cO"ban
TT
Thuatn2;U:
Bit
Khii niem/thlfc ti~n Viertel

Bit (Binary Digital) Iii don vi 006 nhat dung de bieu diSn thOng tin;
mQt bit co th6 oo~ 1 trong 2 gili tri 0 ho~c 1.
Byte
Byte Iii don vi dung de bieu diSn thong tin; 1 byte gom 8 bit vii co
th oo~ duQ'c256 gia tri khac OOau.
LAN
MAN
WAN
VLAN
LAN (Local Area Network) IIIh~ thong ml,illgdung de truyen Uli dfr
li~u trong cung mQt vilng dia ly 006, hyp (thOng thuOng Iii ml,illgvan
phong, truOng hQc ... ).
MAN (Metropolitan Area.Network) Iii M thong ml,illg dung de de
truySn tiii dfr li~u cho ph1;lmvi trong thanh ph6, thi xli; xet vS quy
mo dia ly thi ml,illgMAN Ian hon ml,illgLAN nhung 006 han ml,illg
WAN.
WAN (Wide Area Network) Iii h~ thOng m1;lngdling de truyen tiii dfr
li~u gifra cac khu VlJC ~ia ly cach x~ OOau;xet vSquy mo dia ly thi
ml,illg WAN Iii l6n nhiit, sau do den ml,illg MAN vii sau cling Iii
ml,illgLAN.
VLAN (Virtual local area network) IIImQt ky thu~t cho phep t1;lOl~p
cac ml,illg LAN dQc l~p mQt cach logic tren cling mQt ki~n truc h1;l
tfulg v~t ly. Vi~c t1;lOl~p OOiSuml,illg LAN iio trong mOt M th6ng
m1;lnggiup giiim thiu vilng quiing ba (broadcast domain) cling OOu
thu~n lQ'itrong vi~c quan tV.
Dia chi IP (Internet Protocol) Iii mQt dia chi don OOatmii cac thief bi
m1;lngSlr dVng d6 oo~ di~n vii k~t n6i vai OOautren ml,illgmay HOO
khi Slr dVng bQ giao thU'cTCP/IP.
Do do, cac thi~t bi ml,illgmu6n k~t n6i vai nhau phili co mQt dia chi
duy OO~ttren ml,illg. Hi~n nay tren th giai dang Slr dVng d6ng thai
02 phien ban Iii IPv4 vii IPv6.
- Dia chi IPv4 co dO diii 32 bit, duQ'c chia lilm 04 kh6i; m6i kh6i co
dO diii 8 bit vii duQ'cbi6u diSn bing cac s6 OOiphan.
-- e------'---.-'-,--,
10101000
1111000000
DiaehiIP
II
I
I
Phanm~ng
Hinh 38:
cdu
00001010
ooooo;;;;;l
.__
.--J
Phan host
true afa chi Ipv4
C~u trUc dja chi: Bao g6m 02 phful Iii phful m1;lngvii phful host.
- Dja chi IPv6 co dO diii 128 bit, duQ'c chia lam 08 kh6i; m6i kh6i
co dQ diii 16 bit vii duQ'cbi6u diSn b~ng 04 s6 hexa.
C~u trUc dja chi: Bao g6m 2 phful Iii ml,illgvii host gi6ng OOudja
chi IPv4.
S9
Ouyin 1: Cae thulit ngic
lIT thulit
viln thOng
Phlin 5. Mang truyJn tui IP
Khai niem/thuc ti~n Viettel
Hinh 39: cJu true dia ehi Ipv6
Switching,
Routing
Sir d\ll1gkhi tru ~n Urigoi tin

giiia cae lap m~g.
Giri goi tin d\l'avao dia chi lap
m~g (dia chi IPv4, IPv6)
Ho~t dQng6 lap 02 - lap lien ket

dii li~u cua ma hiOOOSI
Sir d\ll1gkhi truyen tM goi tin
trong cimg mQtlap m~g (mQt
mi~n wing ba).
Gill khung dii li~u d\l'avao dia
chi lap lien k~t dii li~u (dia chi
MAC)
2. Khai niem v~ iao thti'c

Khai hiem/thuc ti~n Viettel
TT
Thu~lt n fr
Dinh tuyen tinh la cach thuc xay dlfllg (t;;tO,C~P nh~t va x6a)
EJjnh tuy2n
thOng tin dinh tuyen thOng qua vi~c thlJc hi~n thil cong bkg tay
1
tlnh
tim cau l~nh.
Dinh tuyen di)ng la cach thuc xay dlfllg bang dinh tuyen din ra
mi)t cach 1lJdi)ng thOng qua giao thuc dinh tuyen giiia cac router.
EJjnh tuy2n
Giao thuc dinh tuyen djnh dugc chia lam 02 IOl;li:giao thuc dinh
2
i/png
tuyen di)ng dl;lllgtrl;lllgthai ket n5i (OSPF, IS-IS) va giao thuc
dinh tu en di)ng dl;lllgvector RIP, IGRP, EIGRP).
OSPF (Open Shortiest Path First) la giao thuc dinh tuyn dQng
dl;lllgtr;;tng thai ket n5i. M6i router khi ch;;ty giao thuc OSPF s15
giri cac trl;lllgthai ket n5i cua n6 t6'i tilt ca cac router trong vilng,
c~p nh~t co sa dii li~u va tinh toan dui'mg di ngful nhM d\l'a tren
3
OSPF
giai thu~t Dijkstra.
OSPF la giao thuc chuAn qu6c te, dugc dinh nghia hai nh6m
n hien CUllIETF
C 2328).
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) la giao thuc dinh tuyen di)ng
d;;tng vector dui'mg di, thui'mg dugc sir d\lng d~ ket n5i giiia cae
nha ml;lllgISP tren ml;lllgInternet qu5c teo M6i router khi ch;;tygiao
thUc BGP S15giri va nh~ ban chua cac dia chi ml;lllgprefix d~ c~p
4
BGP
nh~t vao bang dinh tuyen BGP; sao d6 dlJa vao chinh sach dinh
tuyen cua m6i nha ml;lngthi router S15tinh toan dui'mg di t6t nhllt.
BGP la giao thuc chuk qu5c te, dugc dinh nghia bai nh6m nghien
CUllIETF (RFC 4271).
60
Phlin 5. Mang truv2n tiii IP
Ouvin 1: Cae thuiit ngir k thuiit viin thOng
I Tt I Thuat
nl!ll'
MPLS
Khlii niem/thrrc ti@nViettel

I
MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) Iii cong ngM chuyen m?ch
nhan da giao thUc, co SlJkt hQ'Pd~c di~m cua dinh tuyn 16'p3 vii
chuy~n m?ch 16'p2. DlJa tren cong ngM MPLS, cac thit bi Router
thlJc hi~n truyn tai cac goi tin dlJa tren thong tin nhan (label) thay
cho thong tin dia chi IP dich cua goi tin.
MPLS Iii giao thuc chuful qu&c t, duQ'c dinh nghla bOi nhom
nghien cUu IETF (RFC 3031).
3. Khlii ni~m v~ thi~
hi
Modem
DSLAM
Modem (Modulator-demodulator) Iii thiet bi co chUc nang chuyen

tin hi~u s&thanh tin hi~u tuong t1Jvii nguQ'c l?i.
Cac lo?i Modem ADSL ph6 bin hi~n nay dii duQ'c tich hQ'Pthem
tinh nang router d~ khach hang co th~ sir d\!ng dich V\lADSL tren
m9tt it bi duy nhAt.
DSLAM (Digital subscriber line access multiplexer) Iii diem t~p
trung cua nhiu modem ADSL, til do kt &ilen thit bi BRAS.
BRAS
BRAS (Broadband Remote Access Server) Iii thiet bi ket cuoi dich
V\lcua khach hang ADSL.
,
Switch
Router
Switch Iii thiet bi m?llg ho?t d9ng a 16'p2 cua mo hinh OS1.
Thiet bi Switch thlJC hi~n chuyen m?ch dlJa tren thOng tin 16'p 2:
dia chi MAC cua moi truOng Ethernet.
Router Iii thiet bi m?ng ho?t d9ng a 16'p3 cua mo hinh OS1.
Router xay d1Jllgbang thong tin dinh tuy~n dlJa tren cac giao thuc
dinh tuy~n tInh ho~c d9ng. Khi truyn tai goi tin, Router se dQc dia
chi IP dich tro g Heade~ vii ~~m tra thOng tin niiy trong bang dinh
tuy n d~ tim dUOngdi tot nhat.
4. Khlii ni~m v~ chi tieu kY thu~t
Bang
thOng
DVtri
Biin thien
ilv t i
Bang thOng duang truyen dung de chi luqng dfr li~u mii dUOng
truyn co th~ mang di trong m9t don vi thai gian. Don vi thai gian
duQ'c sir dvng Iii giay. 00 do bang thong thuOng sir d\mg ac don
vi nhu bps (bit per second), Kbps (Kilobit per second), Mbps
(Me abit per second), Gbps (Gigabit per se ond), ...
D9 tr~ (Delay) Iii khoang thai gian til lilc goi tin duQ'c giri di cho
d~n khi nh~ duQ'cgoi tin phiin h6i til phia dich.
D9 tr~ ph\! thu9C vii tY l~ thu~ v~i 02 yu t&: chiu dili tuy~n cap
vii muc d9 nghen cua uOng truyen.
Bien thien d9 tr~ (Jitter) Iii SlJ khac bi~t ve d9 tr~ cua cac goi tin
khac nhau theo coo dUOngdi vii v.
Tj I? mat
goi
Ty l~ mat goi (Packet loss) Iii tY l~ gifra so goi tin bi mat v6'i tong
s&goi tin truyn qua kt n&itrong m t don vi thai gian.
61
Durin 1: Cae thuiit ngir kjJ thuiit viin thOng
Phan 5. Mang trurJn tiii IP
II. M~ng truy~n tiii IP IPBN, MPBN, Metro Ethernet

TT
Thuat n ii'
va DeN
Khlii niemlthtrc ti~n Viettel

Ml;U1gtruy6n tai IP Viettel th\lc hi~n truy6n titi toan bQ lUll lugng
dich V\l c5 dinh (ADSL, FTTx, IPTV, Office WAN ..), dich V\l di
dQng 2G/3G (voice, data, vas). Ml;U1gtruy6n tai IP dugc chia lam 04
phan 16p:
-
Ml;U1gMetro Ethernet: Tli\lc hi~n gorn toan bQ lUll lugng ill cac
diSm truy nh~p len M th5ng ml;U1gIPBN va MPBN.
Ml;U1gIPBN: TruySn tili lUll lugng data nQi ml;U1g,trong nuac

vaqu5ct~.
Ml;U1gMPBN: Truy6n tai lUll lugng tho~i 2G/3G.

Ml;U1gDeN: Gicim sat, quan ly cac h~ th5ng vi~n thong.
M{lng truyn
tiiiIP
Hinh 40: Sa d6 mr;zngtruyen tiIi IP
62
Ouyin 1: Cae thulit ngii

TT
ThuMn if
thulit viin thOng
Phfm 5. Mang truyJn ttii IP
Khlii niem/thtrc ti~n Viettel

-
Iff
M~g IPBN la ~g
duQ'CdUng d~ truy~n till luu lUQTIgdata cho cae
dich V\ltruy cful Internet bang rQngnhu ADSL, FTIx, Mobile Internet
(2G/3G), Internet Leased-line.
M~g IPBN dUQ"cthi@tk@d~ k@tn6i v6i cac nha cung d.p dich V\l
internet trong nu6c va qu6c t@.
M,!ngIPBN
Cac lOp chinh dia mang IPBN:
a. L6"pC&ngk~t n~i:
+ Cfmg k@tn6i trong nu6c (Domestic GateWay - DGW) ph\lc V\l
k@tn6i vm cac nha m~g khac trong nu6c nhu VDC, FPI,
CMC, VNIX, ...
C6ng k@tn6i qu6c t@(Internet GateWay - IGW) ph\lc V\l k@t
n6i vm m~g Internet qu6c t@.
b. L6"pli'ii(P - Provider):
+ Lam lap t~p trung, gom k@tn6i va trung chuy~n lUll lugng
giiia cac lap PE, lap GW nQi vtmg va lUll lugng lien vtmg.
c. L6"pbien (provider Egde - PEl:

+ BAu n6i vm M th6ng cung cAp dich V\l co day cho khach hang
nhu BRAS, DNS, AAA, Mail, Web Portal, ...
d. L6"pxii'ly dinh tuy@nBGP (Route Reflector - RR):

+ Th\lc hi~n cac chinh sach dinh tuy@nBGP cho toan m~g.
e. L6"pDich vu:
+ Bao g6m cac h~ th6ng Server cung d.P. dich V\l cho khach
hang: Mail, DNS, AAA, Web Portal, ...
2
M,!ngMPBN
M~g MPBN la m~g dUQ"cdUng d~ truy~n tai lUll lugng tho~i cua
cac dich V\l di dQng 2G/3G, co nhi~m V\l k@t n6i cac h~ th6ng
m~g 16i di dQng (MSC, MGW, HLR, SIP, ... ) lien vling va nQi
vtmg v6i nhau.
63
Oupin 1: Cae thulit ngu kjj thulit viin thOng

TT
Thuat nft
PhOn 5. Mang trupn tiiiIP
Khlii niem/thuc ti~n Viettel
~e
Hinh 41: M6 hinh te5ngquan va ch{rc nang mr;mg MP BN
Cac lOp chinh clia mangMPBN:
a. LOp lOi:
+ Lam lap ~p trung, gom kSt n6i va trung chuy~n luu luqng nQi
vimg ho~c lien vimg.
b. LOp truy cap:

+ K@tn6i t6i cac h~ th6ng t6ng dai MSC, HLR, SIP, ...
c. LOp xii' IV dinh tuy~n BGP (Route Reflector - RR):
+ ThlJc hi~n cac chinh sach'djnh tuySn BGP cho tom m?l1g
-
M?l1g Metro Ethernet (ME) duQ'c dimg d~ truySn ill da dichV\l

tren mQt hf;ltkg duy nhAt: Dich V\l C6 dinh (xDSL, FTTx, IPTV,
L2VPN, L3VPN, ... ), dich V\ldi dQng (3G, Wirnax, ... )
Mf}ngMetro
Ethernet
Hinh 42: Sa
a6 mr;mg Metro
Ethernet
Cac lOp chinh clia mang ME:

a.
LOp vimg (core vung):
+ ThlJc hi~n gom luu luqng cua tftt ca cac dich V\l tf;livimg va
64
guvin 1: Cae thuat ngit kjj thuat viln tfl{jng

TT
Thuat n -
b.
+
c.
+
d.
Phdn 5. Mang truvJn tai IP
Khlii niem!thuc ti~n Viettel

chuyen len cac m~g IPBN, MPBN de ph\lc V\l cho dich V\lco
dinh va di dQng.
L6'p tlnh (core tinh):
Th\fc hi~n gom luu IUQTIgClla tAt ca cac dich V\l tl;li tinh va
chuySn len vimg.
L6'p guanlhuyen (AGG huyen):
Th\fc hi~n gom luu IUQTIgClla tAt ca cac dich V\l tl;lihuy~n va
chuYSn len core tinh.
L6'p access (site router):
KSt nbi tIvc tiSp v61 cae thiSt hi nhu nodeB Clla dich V\l di
dQng 3G, DSLAM dS cung dp dich V\l ADSL/FTTx va dich
V\l IPTV. Site Router se gom tAt ca luu IUQTIgClla tAt ca cac
dich V\lnay va chuySn len AGG _Huy~n.
Site Router dugc kSt nbi theo ring v61 hai dAu ring dugc kSt
nbi vao mQt Cl.lPAGG.
- Ph\lc V\l cho cong tac quan ly, giam sat va di~u hanh h~ thbng vi~n
thOng.
- Truy~n sb li~u tir cac h~ thbng vi~n thOng v~ M thbng tinh cucrc .
M!ngDCN
Hinh 43 . Sa
III.
TT
mgng DeN
Cae dieh vI} fren m~ngIP Viertel

Khlii niem! Thuc ti~n Viettel
Thuat ngii'
Dich
1
dd
V(l
- Dich V\l ADSL cho phep khach hang troy c~p Internet d\fa tren h{l
tkg cap dbng keo tir nha .tr{lffiViettel t61 khach hang. Dich V\l
FTIH cho phep kh~ch hang troy c~p internet tbc dQ cao d\fa tren hl,l.
tAng cap quang keo tir nha tr{lfficlla Viettel tcrj khach hang.
+ V61 dich V\lADSL: ThiSt hi dAu cubi Clla khach hang (modem)
Internetc6
kSt nbi t61 DSLAM thong qua doi cap dbng.
tlinh
+ V61 dich V\l FTIH: ThiSt hi dAu cubi Clla khach hang (router)
d!lu nbi tIvc tiSp vao site router hol.lc thong qua Switch gom
(rbi chuYSn len site router) thOng qua cac du<mg cap quang tIvc
tiSp.
(ADSVFTTx)
Traffic flow clla dich V\linternet cb dinh (ADSL va FTTH):

65
auyin J": Cae thu{it ngiC kji thu{it viin thOng

TT
Phan 5. Mang truyin tiii IP
Thuat n ii'
",
L~Q
r
1
.'
Hinh 44
+ Djch
V\l
+ Djch
V\l
Traffic flow ella djeh
VtI
internet eb djnh
ADSL: Modem ~ DSLAM ~ Site Router ~ AGG

(Q1$1, Huy~n) ~ Core tiOO~ Core Virng ~ BRAS ~ IPBN
~ Internet.
FTTx: Router ~ Site Router ~ AGG (Ql$l, Huy~n)

~ Core tinh ~ Core Virng ~ BRAS ~ IPBN ~ Internet.
Modem/Router cua khach hang th\lC hi~n kBt n6i PPPoE too
BRAS thong qua hl;ltfuIg ml;lUgME. Ml;lUgME dong vai tro la
lap ml;lUgtruy~n tai tl;lilap 02 (trong mo hinh OS1) cho toan b9
luu lUQTIgnay.
Djeh v(l3G
Qua triOOxac th\lC, Clip phat dja chi 1P va tinh cuac cho thue
bao ADSL duQ'c th\lc hi~n thong qua tiSn triOO cua BRAS va
h~ th6ng AAA.
Djch
V\l
3G cho phep khach hang su dl,mg thol;li,data.
Traffic flow cua djch
V\l
3G (thol;liva data):
66
PitOn 5. Mang truv2n tiii IP
Ouvin 1: Cae tltulit ngit kY tltulit viln t/tOng
TT
Thuat
ii'
Khlii Diem! ThU'c ti~D Viertel

I
I
~~NG "atI,
N
Hinh 45.. Trafficflow cua dtch v 3G

Cae thue bao di dQng 3G co th~ su d1,ll1g02 djch
tucmg tmg v6i 02 lo~i luu lUQ'Dg:
V\l
tho~; data;
+ Luu lUQ'Dgtho~: Mobile
+-+ Node B +-+ Site Router +-+ AGG

(qu~, huy~n) +-+ Core tiOO+-+ Core Vimg +-+ RNC +-+ MPBN.
+ Luu lUQ'Dgdata: Mobile
Node B +-+ Site Router +-+ AGG

(Qu~, Huy~n) +-+ Core'tiOO +-+ Core Vimg +-+ RNC +-+ SGSN
+-+ GGSN +-+ IPBN +-+ Internet.
Dicit v{lIPTV
+-+
IPTV (Internet Protocol TV) la ffiQt djch V\l gia tri gia tang cho
pbep khach hang su d1,ll1gcae dich V\l truySn hiOO:Live-TV, VOD,
TSTV, NVOD, nPVR, ... tren nSn h~ tAng internet bang rQng.
Traffic flow cua djch
V\l
IPTV:
67
Ouvin 1: Cae thuat ngu
TT
kV
PhOn 5. Mang truyn tiii IP
thuat viin thOng
Thu3t n fr
Khlii niem/ Thuc ti~n Viettel
~
WOl,lR\1GlAO
tHlicMUl.tIC.u1'1
rM-JMtHO I
T&wbnJ.lLI./'U :
tll()tjouvUv'
"~$U'DIJI'l:II
: coanNlu
MPUtA'I'NCHOI
=~~l
1
MOI'tIold,U
1 AaGQIlfnlMloJfo
"
Hinh 46( , Traffic flow cua dich v IPTV
+ V6i khach hang ADSL: IPTV server

Vimg 7 Core tinh 7 AGG (Qu~,
DSLAM 7 Modem 7 Settop Box.
+ V6i khach hang FTTH: IPTV server

Vung 7 Core tinh 7 AGG (Qu~,
Router 7 Settop Box.
7 Switch IPTV 7 Core

Huy~n) 7 Site Router 7
Switch IPTV 7 Core

Huy~n) 7 Site Router 7
7
Luu luqng live-TV duQ'c truySn theo co ch~ multicast, luu luqng
cho djch V\l VOD duQ'ctru Sn tai theo co ch~ unicast.
Djch V\l cho thue kenh truySn Metro WAN (L2VPN) duQ'c dimg dB
cung dp k~t n6i diBm - diBm, diBm - da diBm va da diBm - da
di~m trong ph~ vi nQi tinh, lien tinh va lien vUng thong qua k~t
n6i lap 2.
Djch V{l c~o

kenh truyen
dan
OfficeW AN WI
MetroWAN
Hinh 47: Sa il6 cung cdp dich
Vll
cho kenh truyin dan Metro WAN (L2VPN)
Djch V\l cho thue kenh truySn OfficeWAN (L3VPN) dugc dimg d~
cung d.p k~t n6i di~m - diBm, diBm - da di~m va da di~m - da
diBm trong h~ vi nQi tinh, lien tinh va lien vUng thOng ua k~t
68
Ouvin 1: Cae thuut ngii

TT
kf thuut viin thOng
Phan 5. Mang truyin tiii IP
Khai nieml Thuc ti~nViertel
Thuat n ii'
noi 16p 3.
So sanh giua hai dich
V\l
k~t n6i L2VPN va L3VPN
La cong ngh~ cho phep cac La cong ngh~ cho phep cac Site u
Site Clla hlich hang duqc kSt khach hang duqc kSt n5i vai nhau
n5i v6i nhau thOng qua kSt thOng qua kSt n5i lap 3 - rno hinh
OS!.
n5i lap 2 - rno hinh OS!.
i~c djnh tuySn giii'a ac lap Vi~c djnh tuySn giii'a cac lap rn~g
rn~g nQi bQ khach hang do nQi bQ khach hang do nha cung dp
djch V1,1 th\l'Chi~n.
khach hang W th\l'Chi~n.
)
I
Thai gian trB thAp han vi vi~c Thai gian trB cao han vi v ~c th\l'c
hi~n xu ly goi tin d\l'a tren thOng tin
th\l'c hi~n xu ly goi tin d\l'
lap 3.
tren thong tin lap 2.
Cac diBrn kSt n5i cua khlich Cac diBrn kSt n5i cua khach hang co
hang hoan toan thong duqc thB ch~n ho~c rna tuy theo nhu cAu
vai nhau thong qua rnoi djnh tuySn cua khach hang.
Wang lap 2.
69
Ouyin 1: Cae thufit ngir
kV thulit viln thOng

pHAN6.~
Pho.n 6. Ha to.ng
TANG
IIaynbay 2m
K~p tiep dal (I) Iren e<it (elieh

di~m nO. day nh:iy-phi do tit
]O-ffi em
--~~p
/
S<fi phi do
(di tr!n thang clip)
tiep dat (2) d vi trf

eneh eM uon 30 em
-~\~~
K~ptiep dat (3) d
;'I;6idal eho
thangdp
vi tn
nang tap
Bang dong tiep

datnMptmm
Tiep dllt thang
cap
'\
Bang
dong tiep
Lien ket tiep dat

t4i rnU'c san nh"
\r-----------------------.
'.
dat trong
phOng
may
......
Hinh 49: HC;Z fdng nha trc;zm
70
Ouvn 1: Cae thuiit ngir
TT
k thuiit
viin thOng
Phan 6. lIa tang
Khai niemlDac di~m

.
Ly thuyet: La phan tir hUc x~ hap thv song vo tuyen cua cac tr~m
BTS 2G de kSt n5i m~ng V01 cac MS.
Thl}'c ti~n:
- LO\1ianten 2G dang su dVng a tren m\lDg Viertel d~c trung hai
3 tham s5 chinh la de>tang ich (Gain), Tilt di~n va dQ rQng bUp
Anten2G
song. Gia tri thong thuang cua cac tham s5 chinh nhu sau:
./ Gain = ~18 dBi.
./ Tilt di~n: KV TP/TX: 6, KV khac: 0.
./ DQ rQng bUp song: 65.
Ly thuy~t: La phan tir hUc x~ hap thV song vo tuyen cua cac tr~m
Node B 3G de kSt n5i m\1ngvai cac UE.
Thl}'c ti~n:
- LO\1ianten 3G dang su d\lDg a tren m\lDg Viertel d~c trung hai
3 tham s5 chinh la dQ tang ich (Gain), Tilt di~n va dQ ri}ng bUp
Anten 3G
song. Gia tri thong thuang cua cac tham s5 chinh nhu sau:
./ Gain = ~18 dBi.
./ Tilt di~n: Di6u chinh dugc tit 0 - 10.
./ De>ri}ng bUp song: 65.
Ly thuyM: La phan tir ket noi giua tu BTSI Node B va anten.
Thl}'c t~:
- Tren m\lDgViertel su dVng 2lo~i feeder chinh: 1/2" va 7/8".
LO\1iFeeder
- Cho phep dimg feeder 1/2": NSu di} dai :s 30m cho bang tAn
900MHz :s 20m cho bang tAn 1800MHz :s 18m cho bang tAn
2100MHz.
- Cac truang hQ"Pcon l\1isu d\lDg 7/8".
- Tren m\lDgViertel su dVng mi}t s6 10\1inha tr\lffi container sau:
./ Nha Mini shelter: Co mQt vi tri d~t thiSt bi (cac thiSt b! d~t
ch&ng len nhau, co the d~t 1 ill 2G, 1 thiSt bi truy6n dful, 1 ill
DC, 1 ill AC-vl, 1 t6 ~c quy d~t ben C\1nh).
NM
tr\lffi
./ Nha C02: Co 2 vi tri d~t thiSt bi.
./ Nha C408 (hay con gQi la nha cabin): Co 2 cua ra vao, co 4
container
vi tri d~t thiSt bi.
./ Nha C03: Co 8 vi tri d~t thiSt bi .
./ Nha COS: Co 10 vi tri d~t thiSt bi .
./ Nha C06: Co 12 vi tri d~t thiSt bi.
Thu~it new
71
Ouyin 1: Cac thuilt ngif
kj! thuilt viin thOng
PhOn 7. Cd ilien
plIAN 7. CO DI~N
1. H~ th8ng di~n xoay chi~u AC (AC: Alternating Current)
TT
Thu~t ngfr
-
Dong ili?n, ili?n ap, h?

sa cong sufi! -
Cong suflt,
cong suat
tac
dt,mg,
cong suat
phon khang
Khai ni~mlD~c di~m

Dong di~n (ki hi~u i) 1ft dong chuyen dai co huang clla cac hl;1t
mang di~n tich. Dong di~n xoay chi~u 1ft dong di~n co chi~u vft
cuang dC)bin thien theo thai gian (theo ham cosine hay sine Clla
thai gian).
Di~n ap hay hi~u di~n th (ki hi~u u) 1ft S1,1'
chenh l~ch v~ di~n th
giua hai dim.
H~ s6 cong suAt co gia tri 1ftcoscp.
Cac biu thUc:
+ Dong di~n: i = Io.cos(ffit + <!>i) (A)
+ Hi~u di~n th: u= UO.COS(ffit+ <!>u) (V)
+ DC)l~ch ha giua hi~u di~n th vft dong di~n: = <!>u - <!>i
Cong suat (kY hi~u 1ft S, dan vi 1ftVA ho~c kVA) luon ton tl;1i2
thanh phfuI 1ftcong suAt tac dl)l1g vft cong suAt phiin khang.
Cong suftt tac dt}ng (kY hi~u}ft P, dan vi 1ftW ho~c kW): Lft cong
suAt huu cong, d~c trung nang luQ1lg th1,1'Ct duQ'c truy~n til ngu6n
t&i tili.
Cong suftt phan khang (kY hi~u 1ft Q, dan vi 1ftV Ar ho~c kV Ar):
Lft cong suAt vo cong, dong vai tro nhu mC)t moi truang d truy~n
cong suAt tac dl,mg.
;.0 =$,sil141
Di?n nang s6 di~n nang tieu th1,1tren cong ta di~n 1ftA=P.t

tieu thlJ (sa Trong d6: A hi di~n nang tieu th\l' (Wh ho~c kWh).
P lil cong suAttac d\lllg (W).
ili?n
tren
t
lil thai gian hun vi~c (h).
con tff
May bien ap hay may bien the 1ft thiet bi Iftm vi~c tren nguyen ly
cam ling di~n tir, bin d6i mC)t M th6ng dong di~n xoay chi~u & di~n
Maybiin ap ap nfty thanh mC)t M .th6n& dong di~n xoay c~i~u & ~i~n ap khac v&i
tan so khong thay doL Cau tl;10clla may bien ap gom cuC)n day sa
cA , th(r cA vft IN tir (thOng thuang lam bfulg silt tir ferit).
72
Oupin 1: Cae thulit ngii kf thulit viin thOng

TT
Thu,t ugfr
PhOn 7. CO'dien
Khliini~m/l)~cdiSm
Hinh 50: CUQnday va Wi Ii} eua may biin ap
- CB (Circuit Breaker) la khi C\ldi~n dung de tl,l'dQng cat m;;tchdi~n

d6 bao v~ qua titi, qua ap, nglin m;;tch, di~n ap thfip, cong sufit
ngu<Jc... CB co di~n ap dinh muc d~n 1000VAC va 330VDC,
dong di~n dinh muc len d~n 6300 A. MQt s& lo;;tiCB thm'mg dung
la:
o MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) thui'mg co dong dinh muc
Idm ::; 100A, lo;;tinay dU<Jc.thi~t k~ co dui'mg d~c tuy~n c~t pM
hgp vm. tili (thai gian c~t va dong c~t), thui'mg dU<Jcl~p t;;ticac
vi tri phan nhanh, dung cho cac vi tri khlicnhau.
o MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker) co dong dinh muc Idm
100 ill 100A tra len. Do d~c tinh lam vi~c a dong di~n cao nen
lo;;tinay thui'mg dU<Jcl~p d~t bao v~ v~ phia ngu6n di~n (gc1n
CB, MCB,
ngu6n).
MCCB
- MQt s&thOng s&quan tn;mg khi ll,l'achQn CB:
o IP/2P/3P/4P (pole): 8&ti~p di6m ll,l'cdong ng~t tren CB.
o Ue (operational voltage): Di~n 'ap lam vi~c.
o In (norminal current): Dong di~n dinh muc la cui'mg dQ'dong
di~n cho phep di qua thi~t bi khong gi6i hlilllthai gian a di~u
ki~n lam vi~c binh thui'mg (thui'mg chQn In 2: 1.2 ltili max)'
o Ui (insulation voltage): Di~n ap cach di~n cua vo thI~t bi.
o les (service short-circuit breaking capacity): Dong ng~n m;;tch
100 nhfit CB co kha nang c~t bao v~ rna khong bi pM My.
o leu (ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity): Dong ng~n m;;tch
100 nhfit CB co kha nan dt bao v~.
.
- Cong tac to (contactor) la khi C\l di~n dung de dong, cat thui'mg
xuyen cac m;;tch di~n dQng ll,l'cco di~u khi6n; cac bQ ph~ chinh
g6m M th5ng ti~p di6m chinh, M th&ng d~p h6 quang, co du di~n
ill, M th&ng ti~p di6m ph\l.
Cang tde tu, - Khai dQng ill la khi C\l di~n dung d6 di~u khi6n ill xa vi~c dong,
c~t, dao chi~u quay va bao v~ qua tai; du t;;tOg6m cong t~c to di~n
khiti dpng
xoay
chi~u va ro Ie nhi~t l~p trong cung mQt hQp.
tit
y' Khai dQng ill don la khai dQng ill co 1 cong cic to.
y' Khai dQng ill kep la kh&i dQng ill co 2 cong t~c to.
- MQt s&thOng s&quan trQng khi ll,l'achQn cong t~c to/khai dQng ill:
o 2P/3P/4P: 8&ti~ di6m ll,l'cdong ng~t.
73
auyin 1: Cae thuat ngu

TT
Thu~tngfr
Day dan
kV
thuat viin thOng
PhOn 7. Cd tlien
Khai ni~mlD~c di~m

De: Di~n ap lam vi~e.
0
In: Dong di~n dinh mue.
0
ThuOng ehQn In 2: (l,15+1,2)It d6i v6'i tai thufuI tra ho~e
(l,6+1,9)It d6i v6'i tai cam kMng.
Di~n ap diu khin eUQnhUt.
0
Di: C&pdi~n ap each di~n, nu vuQi qua di~n ap nay thi each
0
di~n eua eontaetor khong dUQ'edam bao an toan ho:;ttdQng.
1. Cae IO{liday dan h{l thi hay sirdyng:
- Day d6ng:
Day di~n h,re ruQt dong each di~n bang nh1,laPVC
CV
(polyVinyl Clorua); nhi~t dQ lam vi~c df!i h~ cho phep
d6i vm day If!70C
Cap di~n l1,lC1 den 4 l5i , ruQtdong, cach di~n vf!vo bang
CVV
nh1,laPVC, d.p di~n ap 600/l000V, tful s6 50Hz; nhi~t dQ
lam vi~c dillh~ cho phep d6i vm cap If!70C;
Cap
di~n l1,lC1 den 4 l5i , ruQt dong, cach di~n RPE
CXV
(Cross Linked PolyEthylene), vo PVC, cAp di~n ap
600/l000V, tful s6 50Hz; nhi~t dQ lam vi~c dill h~ cho
oheo d6i v6'icap If!90C;
-Daynhom:
- Day nhom triin xoan dUngcho dUOngday tren khong.
A
- Tl;1icac vtmg ven biSn hay cac rni8n khong khi co tinh
an mon kim 101;1i,
day nhom trful se duQ'cdi8n d~y rna
trung tinh chiu nhi~t co nhi~t dQ chay giQtkhong dum
120C(my muc dQche phUcua rna , day co cac 10<;1i
sau:
A; AIHz; AlMz; AKP).
Day di~n 11,leruQtnhom, each di~n bang nh1,laPVC;
AV
Nhi~t dQlam vi~c dill h~ cho oheo d6i vm day If!70C.
- Day nhom lOithep v~ xoan.
ACSR
- T<;licac vtmg ven biSn hay cac mi8n khong khi co tinh
(Aluminum
an mon kim 10<;1i,
day nhom lOi thep trful se duQ'<;:
di8n
Conductor
d~y
rna
trung
tinh
chiu
nhi~t
co
nhi~t
dQchay
giQtkhong
Steel
Reinforced) dum 120C (tity muc dQehe phu Cllarna, day co cac lo<;li
sau: ACSRfLz; ACSRlMz; ACSR/Hz; ACKP).
Cap v~ xoan h<;1
the co cac d~c tinh sau:
LV-ABC
- Ki~u: Toan bQ cal?chiu hIc cang da, cac pha vf!trung
tinh co kich thu6'e bang nhau.
- Cach di~n: XLPE vm tcng suAtkeo t6i da dS co thS
truy8n qua phfulcach di~n XLPE t;;tik~p cang If!40 MPa
- D:;lDg rul)t dftn: Sqi nhom xoiin d6ng tam vf! can ep
cMt.
- ~,t li~u cua rul)t dftn: Nhom vm suc keo dtctt6i
thieu If!140 Mpa.
2. Caeh eh(Jn day dan:
+ ChQn theo diu ki~n pMt nong lau dai eho ph6p:
Ilv:5 1,15*Icp
Trongi16:
I1v:Dong di~n lam vi~e eua tai (I = PtlUlu6i di~n)'

1,15: H~ s6 hi~n chinh theo nhi~t dQ moi tfuOng dap ung v6'i
nhi~t dQ 35C, phuong thUe lip d~t la cap treo .
74
Ouyin 1: Cae thulit ngir

TT
Thu~tngii'
kV thulit viin thOng
PhOn 7. Cu ilien
Khai ni~mlD~c di~m

lcp: Dong di~n cho phep cua day theo nha san xuat (catalogue
nhil san xudt).
+ Kim tra I~i theo di~u ki~n t6n th&tdi~n ap cho phep: Khong vugt
qua 5% di~n ap danh dinh: LlUmax%:::: LlUcp %= 5%
2
LlUmax % = (P x R X lOO)1U dm
Vbi: R = pl/S
P : Cong su&ttai (W).
R: E>i~ntro-cua day (Q).
I: Chi~u dai day dful (m).
p: E>i~n tro- su&t cua day (don VI: Qm, trong d6: Pd6ng =
1,72xIO-8; PnMm = 2,82xlO-8).
Udm: E>i~nap dinh muc cua lucri.
2. May phat di~n

TT
hu~t
ii'
cau
{lo eua
Khai ni~m/D~c di~m

- May phat di~n (MF la thiet bi bien doi co nang thanh di~n nang su d\lIlg
nguyen Iy cam lIng di~n tiroNgu6n co nang so c&pc6 th la cac dQng co tua
bin, dQng co d6t trong, tua bin gi6 hoZiccac ngu6n co nang khac.
- Phan Io~i may phat di~n:
./ v~di~n ap san sinh: MFE>1 pha va MFE>3 pha .
./ v~Io~i nhien Ii~u tieu thl,l:MFE>xan va MFE>dau diesel.
- DQng CO' Ia nguon nang Iuqng co hQc dau vao. E>Qngco nh6 thuOng ho~t
dQng bfulg xang trong khi dQng co Ian hon ch~y dau diezel.
- DAu phat: Bao g6m cac bQ ph~ tinh (stato) va cac phan c6 th di chuyn
duQ'c (roto). Roto t~o ra SlJ di.chuyn tir xung quanh stato, tir d6 t~o ra SlJ
khac bi~t di~n ap giua cac cUQnday cua stato, tir d6 t~o ra dong cam lIng
ben trong may phat di~n.
./ Stato / phan cam Ia thanh phan khong th di chuyn, g6m mQt t~p hqp
cac day dful di~n qu&nI~i thanh d~g cUQntren mQt 15isk
./ Roto / han lIng la thanh han chuy~n dQng t~o ra mQt tir tfuOng uay.
- Chuc nang: T~o ra tir tfuOng va xoay de t~o ra suc di~n
dQng trong cUQnday stator.
- Cac thanh'phan chinh: CUQnday rotor, C\lC tir, tfl,lc.
Cyt:
tit
otor
Hinh 51: C6u tqo Roto
tator
- ChUc nang: T~o ra di~n the xoay chieu 3 pha nha SlJ thay doi tir th6p.g khi
rotor quay.
- Cac thanh phan chinh: L5i stator, cUQnday stator, dau ra.
75
Ouyin 1: Cac thuiit ngil' leVthuiit viin thOng

TT
hu~t
if
PhOn 7. Cu ilien
Khai ni~mlD~c di~m
.Cugnqaystator
~Qis.tator
Hinh 52: cdu tgo rota
VR
AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator) may phat di~n hay con g9i la bi) tlJ dieu
chinh di~n ap, bi) ph~ nay cimg 11k thlJChi~n 2 cMc nang co ban trong Ung
d\lng cua Viettel:
- Di~u chinh di~n ap may ph::itdi~n: V6i chuc nang nay bi) AVR no co th~
til~nhanh theo doi di~n ap dfiura cua may phat di~n, d6ng thai so sliph vm
mi)t di~n ap tham chiu.
- Bu tru di~n ap suy giam tren duang day: Mu&n giam b6t tac h~i cua M ~p 11
th&ngdo qua trinh v~ hanh may phat di~n gay ra, bi) di~u ap phai dlJ dom ~~NA~H
duQ'ckha nang S\ltgiam cua duang day va t~o ra di~n ap bUtri:rcho di) S\lt.0GrAi
giam do.
.
Ly thuyet: May phat dlJ phOng (v6i cong suat dlJ phOng) thuang duQ'csir
d\lng trong cac truang hQ'Pm~t di~n di)txuk Lo~i may nay thuang thuang sir
d\lng kt hQ'Pv6i ngu6n di~n tin c~y nhu di~n lu6i d~ c~p di~n cho tai khi m~~
di~n ho~c trong truang hQ'Pbao du6ng h~ th&ng.May phat dlJ phOng bi gi6i
h~ hai thai gian ch~y lien tvc va thai gian v~ hanh 1 nam.
Th,!c t~: May phat dlJ phOngt~i Viettella lo~i may xang, dimg c~p di~n cac
tr~ co di~n lu6i trong truang hQ'Pm~t di~n ho~c sfuI sang cho vi~c bao
duang M th&ngdi~n trong tr~m (nhu do ki~m M th&nglic quy). Trong twang
hQ'Pt6ng tr~ tinh ho~c khu V1JC
thi sir d\lng may phat dfiu lam may phat dlJ
phOng. Theo quy dinh ch~y may phat Viettel, thai gian ch~y lien t\lc't&i da
cho he la 4 gia.
Ly thuyet: May phat lien tvc (v6i cong suat lien t\lc) cho phep v~ hanh
"khong bi gi6i h~ thai gian ch~y" va thuang duQ'csir d\lng lam ngu6n chinh
dp di~n cho tai. ThOngthuang, gia tri cong su~t lien t\lCbfuIgx~p xi 80%
cong su~t dlJphOng.
.
Th,!c t~: May phat lien tvc t~i Viettel la lo~i may dfiu,dung dp di~n cho cac
tr~ khong co di~n lu6i, thong thuang nAma cac dia di~mxa xoi, bi~n dao,...
nm chua co h~ th&ngdi~n lu6i.
=- .
May
phat
6
dlf
phong
May
phat
lien
t{lc
3. H~ th8ng tv dqng di~ukhi~n

TT
1
Khai niemlDlic di~m
- ATS (Auto Transfer Switch) la thiet bi chuyen doi nguon tlJ di)ng
giua 2 (hay nhi~u) ngu6n di~nv6i tai khi co yeu du (m~tngu6n dang
sir d\lng, co tra I~ingu6n l!U tien, ...).
- Thiet bi chu ~n d6i ngu6n tlJ di)n g6m cac bi) h~:
76
Ouvin 1: Cae tltulit ngii kjj tltulit viin thOng

TT trhuat n2fr
. , sat
Bp glam
diJu
khiin
/GSIJK)
Timer
Cdu dao itao

pita
4.
TT
Pltrm 7. Cu dien
Khai niem!Dic diSm

v' BQ dieu khien: Ghim sat tqmg thai va dieu khien ho~t dQng cila
toan bQ thit bi chuyn d6i ngu6n tv dQng.
v' Co du chfip hanh (M th6ng dong di~n): Dong di~n lu6i/di~n may
n6 dn tiii va gfri cac thong tin v~ bQ di~u khin.
GSDK: Thiet bi giam sat va tv dQng dieu khien nha tr~.
Chuc nang chinh:
v' Giam sat cac thOng s6 di~n cila cac thit bi trong tr~, moi
truOng nha tr~ va cac ciinh bao quan tr9ng cila nha tr~ BTS.
v' TlJ dQng di~u khin bWt~t MFD, ATS di~n lu6i-MFD, di~u khin
bWt~t di~u hoaJthOng gio.
v' Xufit ciinh bao giam sat nha tr~m va thit bi.
BQ Timer: Thiet bi dinh thai tv dQng dieu khien may phat di~n ket
hqp di~n lu6i.
Chtrc nang chinh:
v'TlJ dQng bWt~t MFD va ATS di~n lu6i-MFD theo cac ch dQ
khac nhau co th d~t tru6c: Theo thai gian, theo ciinh bao
DCLow, theo ch dQ Iuan phien 2 MFD, ...
v' Xufit ciinh bao tr~g thai di~n lu6i/MFD, tinh tr~g MFD, ....
Bau tat di~n lu6i/di~n may no den tiii rna khong thong qua thiet bi
c~uyn d6i ngu6n tv dQng; do nhan vien v~n hiinh (chi sir dVng co SlJ
co).
cAu dao diio pha duQ'c sir dVng trong truOng hqp SIJ c6 ho~c biio
du5ng cac h~ th6ng di~u khin tv dQng noi tren.
H~ th8ng c1i~n 1 chi~u DC (DC: Direct Current)

huat n fr
Khai niem/Dic diem

- Cong suilt cua dong di~n mQt chieu Ia:
PDC = E/t = U.I = U2 I R = R.I2 = PAc.O,92.

1
- H~s6 chuyn d6i AC/DC: La h~ S6 suy giiim cong su!t khi chuyn
dbi tlr di~n AC sang di~n DC, do nang luqng khi chuyn dbi bi bin
dbi tir di~n nang sang cac d~g nang luqng khac nhu nhi~t nang ...
(d6i vai h? th6ng ngu6n DC eua Viettel dang su d7,mg,h? s6 ihuang
la 0,92.
Ly thuyet:
MQt so phuong phap t~o ra nguon di~n DC nhu sau:

Phuong
phap
dimg m~ch di~n ill chinh luu (rectifier).
Pltuung
pltap t(lO ra - Sir d\lDgmay phat di~n mQt chi~u.
.
nguan itifn - Sir d\lDg ~c quy.
Th,!c t~: Viertel sir d\lDg til ngu6n DC d chuyn d6i dong di~n AC
DC
sang dong di~n DC kt h. v6i sir d\lDg ~c uy.
- Khoi chinh I1ru: Bien doi di~n xoay chieu AC thiinh di~n mQt chieu
DC, d cfip nuoi tiii va n~wcho ~c quy (~6m mQt ho~c nhi~u module
OJu true tii. rectifier ghep song song de tang cong suilt).
- Kh8i di~u khiSn: Di~u khin va giam sat ho~t dQng cua tom M
nguanDC
th6ng (di~n ap DC dAu ra, ch dQ n~p ~c quy, chtrc nang ciinh bao,
giam sat tr~g thai ho~t dQng cua rectifier, ~c quy ... ).
77
Ouvin 1: Ctie thuat ngil' kii thuat viin thOng

TT
huat n fr
Phlin 7. Cd tlien
Khlii niemlDac diSm

- KbOi ngat di~n lip thap: LLVD (Load Low Voltage Disconnect
ng~t tii khong uu tien khi di~n ap thllp), BLVD (Battery Lo';
Voltage
Disconnect
ng~t ~c quy khi di~n ap thllp). ,
,
,
- Kboi phan pbOi: Gom thanh cai va cac CB phan phoi.
- lfinhanh:
""""
f)i~n liroi AC
BQ bru di~n
UPS
May pM! di~n
/finh 53: ctiu true tit ngu6n DC
- Ly thuyet: La nguang canh bao de thvc hi~n Ung CUuthong tin, ch~y
may pMt di~n.
Nguiing
eanh
btlo - Th1JCtS ap d\l1lg:
tli?n tip thOp

(DC/ow)
xa sau 50%: 48,5V

xa sau 70%: 47,5V
- H~ thOng ngat toan bQ tii khong uu tien (ill thu pMt BTS, Node B)
Nguiing tli?n khi di~n ap xu6ng du6i nguang d t~p trung nang lUQTIgduy tri ho~t
dQng cho tii uu tien (thiSt bi truyn dan, thist bi giam sat, ... )
tip thOp ngilt
tai khOng uu - Th1JCtS ap dVng:
tien (LLVD)
../ Trq,m viin thOng thui'mg co de quy

../ Trq,m viin thOng thuang co de quy
../ T6ng trq,m tinh, khu V!fC: 50V
../ Trq,mviin thOng thui'mg : 45V

../ T6ng trq,m tinh: 47,5V
- Ly thuyet: H~ thOng nguon DC ngat toan bQ tii de bao v~ tuoi thQ

Nguiing eilt ho~t dQng clla ~c quy, tranh pM My ~c quy.
tli?n tip thOp - Th1JctS ap dVng:
bOo v? ile
quy(BLVD)
../ Trq,m viin thOng thui'mg: 43,2V

../ T6ng trq,m tinh: 42V
../ T6ng trq,m khu V!fC: KhOng tip d'{mg
Ly thuyet:
- Capacity: Dung lUQ'Ilgclla m6i tA ~c quy.
- String: S6 lUQ'Ilgth1JctS tA ~c quy t~i tr~m.
Tham
- Charge Limit: Gi6i h~ dong n~p cai d~t d bao v~ ~c quy khi n~p.
quan tr!Jng - Di~n ap n~p d~m (float voltage): Di~n ap n~pa chS dQ n~p nAi khi
eili tl{it eho
dung lUQ'Ilg~c quy d~t tren 80% ho~c dong n~p < 0,06C.
~
aequy
- Di~n ap n~p tang cuOng (boost voltage): Di~n ap n~p a chS dQ tang
cUOngkhi dung lUQ'Ilg~c quy du6i 80% ho~c dong di~n ::::0,06C.
- Tham s6 bU nhi~t cho ~c quy: Diu chinh di~n ap n~p cho ~c quy theo
nhi~t dQbinh ~c uy d bao v~ ~c quy.
sa
78
Ouvin 1: Cae thullt ngfi
TT fhnat n2ft
Dlly dan
ili?n dip
neu8nDC
equy
PhOn 7. Cd ilien
- Lo~i day dfin hay su d1,1ngcho ngu6n DC: Cap d6ng m~m nhi~u sqi.
- Cach chQn day dfin: Ap d\lllg gi6ng cach chQn day AC.
thullt viin thOng
Khai niem/J}i\c di~m

- Tham so M so sensor dong di~n (shunt coeft): La M so chuyen doi ill
dong di~n sang di~n ap dua v~ bQ di~u khi~n cua M th6ng ttl ngu6n.
Thrrc t~ap dung:
- D~ng luqng .~c quy (Ah): Cfti d~t theo lo~i ~c quy su d\lllg.
- Ch6 dQn~p: T\l dQng.
- Di~n ap n~p d~m (VDC): Theo catalogue cua lo~i ~c quy su d\lllg.
- I>i~n ap n~p tang cUOng (VDC): Theo catalogue cua lo~i ~c quy su
d\lllg.
- Ch6 dQbU di~n ap theo nhi~t dQ: I>~t tr~g thai ON.
- H~ s6 bU nhi~t dQ khi n~p (mVioC/String): Theo catalogue cua lo~i
~c quy su d1,1ng, thuOng lily bfulg 72-75mVloC/String (ho~c
3mVloC/Cell).
- H~ s6 sensor dong: Cfti d~t theo gia tri ghi tren ttl ngu6n. Thong
thuOng 1ft300A/75mV ho~c l50A/75mV.
- Tinh nang tr khai dQng (walk in time): tn+l = tn + 15 (s).
- Ngfty, gia th\lc t6 tren M th6ng di~u khi~n.
kV
Khai niem/J}i\c di~m

\
Ac quy. (goc tieng Phlip 1ftaccumulateur) 1ftmQt nguon di~n bOa hQc, \)
dung de luu trfi' di~n nang dum d~g hoa nang.
7
Ac quy hi~n nay tren thi wOng chU y6u 1ftba lo~i su d1,1ngcac chilt I
bOa hQc khac nhau g6m: Chi (P.b), Niken (Ni) vft Lithium (Li).
ChUng lo~i ~c quy Viettel dang su d\lllg, ~c quy chi kin khi (VRLA:
Valve Regulated Lead Acid), duqc chia lam 21o~i 1ft:
+ Ac quy AGM (Absorbed Glass Mat)
+ Ac quy Gel.
Glfcthanh ph~n co ban cua binh ~c quy Viettel su d1,1ng(lo~i ~c quy
chi kin khi) g6m co:
+ V0 binh: bfulg nh\la ebonite hay cao su nh\la cfrng.
+ Ban C\lC:
o Ban C\lCduang lam ill Pb02
o Ban C\lCam lam ill Pb.
+ Tilm ngan: Ngan cach giua cac ban C\lC.
+ Dung dich di~n phan 1ftaxit H2S04'
+ Cac thanh hk h1,1khac: Van di~u a , nut, n~ , ...
79
Ouyin 1: Ctie thufit ngu

TT
huat n if
kiJ thufitviin
PhOn 7. Cu ilien
thOng
Khlii niemlDiic c1i~m
BinhchUa
BaD eye am
Ngaouch
Di?n tip danh

djnk eua tic
quy
Dung lutfllg
tic quy
NVi
trd
tic
quy
Tugi th(J
quy
tic
Hinh 54: cau true ACCU

- La di~n ap tham chieu clla ac quy nham m\!c dich xac dinh so IUQ11g
~c quy n6i tip trong thit k h~ th6ng ngu6n.
- MQt cell g6m mQt ban ClJCam, mQt ban ClJCduong, mQt vach ngan
thOng thuOng c6 di~n ap khoang 2,25V, mQt binh ~c quy l2V g6m
c6 6 cell va di~n ap khoang l3,5V, mQt t6 ~c quy g6m c6 4 binh m~c
n6i ti di~n a la 54V:
- Dung IUQ11gclla binh ac quy lay don vi la ampe gia (Ah). Ah don
gian la tich s6 giua dong di~n ph6ng vai thai gian ph6ng di~n..
C = I*t (Ah)
+ C: dung IUQ11g~c quy.
+ I: dong di~n ph6ng khong d6i.
+ t: thai gian ph6ng.
- Dung IUQ11gnay thay d6i tuy theo nhi~u di~u ki~n nhu dong di~n
ph6ng, nhi~t dQ chfrt di~n phan, tY tr(;mg clla dung dich va di~n th
cu6i dmg sau khi ph6ng.
- Cx la dung IUQ11gbinh ~c quy khi xa a chS dQ x tiSng. Vi d\!: C5 la
dung IUQ11g
binh ~c quy khi tinh a chS dQ xa 5 tiSng (xli dong dQ Ian
1/5 dung IUQ11g
trong von 5 ia.
- NQi tra la di~n tra trong clla ac quy; ph\! thuQc vao tY tr<;mgclla
dung dich di~n phan, kich thuac ban ClJC,kich thuac tfrm cach di~n,
khoang cach di~n ClJC.Dung IUQ11g~c quy cang Ian thi nQi tra cang
nho. Ac quy thi khi nl;lpcang dAythi tY trQng dung dich cang ian va
nQi tra cang giam. ThOng thuOng, gia tri nQi tra clla ~c quy la:
./ ~ 5,0 mn vai ~c quy 100Ah
./ ~ 4,0 mn vai ~c quy 150Ah
./ ~ 3,5 mn vai ~c quy 200Ah
- Khi nQi tra ~c quy tang, khli nang luu trU nang IUQ11gclla ~c quy
giam, tu6i thQ ~c quy ng~ Il;li(hi~n tuQ11gchai ban ClJChay sulfat
hoa ban clJc).
- Tuoi thQ clla ac quy la tuoi thQ dUQ"cxac dinh trong qua trinh tinh
toan thist k ~c quy, ph\! thuQCnhi~u ySu t6:
./ Nhi~t dQrnoi truOng.
80
Phan 7. Cu ilien
Ourin 1: Ctie thuat ngir kji thuat viin thOng
TT
Khai niemJDac diSm

./' So Ian ph6ng xa .
./' )9 sau ph6ng xa.
- Ae quy AGM (0 25C): tu6i thQ 0 eh~ d9 dl! phOng > 12 nam, theo
s61ful ph6ng nl;tp230 lful ph6ng sau 100% dung IUQ11g.
- Ae quy Gel (0 25C): tu6i thQ 0 eh~ d9 dl! phOng >15 nlin, theo s6
lful ph6ng nl;tp330 lful ph6ng sau 100% dung IUQ11g.
- Ae quy nhi~t d9 eao (tl;ti40C): tu6i th9 0 eh~ d9 dl! phOng 12 nam,
theo s61ful h6ng nl;t 300lful h6ng sau 100% dung IUQ11g.
~i nhi~t d9 nl;tpae quy t~g eao thi di~n ap nl;tpUn~p pMi duQ'?giam
xuong tranh gay hOng h6e ae u .
Refationshlp between
chargl,ng voltage and temperature
quan h?
i?n tip n(lp va
hi?t ilv
. to
.:1
10
2'0
30
Ambient temperlltlJre('C)
55: M6i uan M iiia ai?n a va nhi?! a9

Nhi~t dQ tang thi dung IUQ11gsu d\!ng eua ae quy tang len va nguQ'e
Il;ti,m6i uan M giu nhi~t d9 va dung IUQ11gl1e uy nhu sau:
ffinh
Temperature effects on capacltv

120
100
;;.
Ol quan h?
iira nhi?t ilV
a dung lUf/ng
!:
BO
1>0
i
u
40
<II
20
.10
ffinh
it'
, h
~o
20
30
4tl
E.ofCl
56: M6i quan h? giiia nhi?! a9 va dung lU(J1lg
Ae quy e6 d~e tinh W ph6ng, dong W ph6ng di~n eua ae quy ph\!
ae tm
~ vao
, n91
~. tro', va'nh'~11ftd~
~ quy,. th~ong th'uang ae
~ quy b'!
il"~ tu
. th uge
Q IUUt ru- ae
~ ong l!!n eua milt khoang 0,1% dung IUQ11g/ngay(khoang 3% dung IUQ11g/
thang) 0
e quy
nhi~t d9 250C.
81
aupin 1: Cae thuat ngil'
/if
Phan 7. Cu ilien
thuat viin thOng
6. H~ thang lam mat

TT
1
1.1
hn~tngfr
Khlii ni~mfl)~c di~m
khi
hOa Din hoa khong khi (DHKK) la thi~t bi diu chinh va duy tri moi
hOngkhi
truOng khong khi theo thong s6 nhi~t dQ dinh tru6'c.
- Phful IOl;litheo di).cdiem cua thiet bi xu ly nhi~t:
./ H~ th6ng diu hoa C\lCbQ.
./ H~ th6ng diu hoa kiSu phan tan .
./ H~ th6ng diu hoa trung tam.
- Phan IOl;litheo di).cdiSm moi chc1tgiiii nhi~t dan ngung:
./ H~ th6ng diu hoa giiii nhi~t bfulg nuoc (water cooled)
./ H~ th6ng diu hoa giiii nhi~t bfulg khong khi (air cooled)
- Phful IOl;litheo cc1utruc kh6i:
./ Diu bOa 1 C\lC.
./ Diu bOa 2 C\lC.
Di~n bOa khon
han IOfJiiliJu
1.2 oa khOng khi
I
~
'7~~~
Hinh 57: Dieu haa khOng khf
..~~. /I( <,,'/ rc

./
. ~"",.
/i.!~N(
J
- Phful IOl;li~eo kha nang, xu ly.khong khi

! :; ( ~~
./ May dieu hoa 1 chieu ll;lnh:La dl;lngmay chi co khii nang lam:~\~'
ll;lnh. ,
~~
,./ May dieu hoa 2 chieu nong Il;lDh:May vira co kha nang lam
~
ll;lnhvua co kha nang gia nhi~t khong khi khi dn.
- Cau tl;lOchinh cua M thong dieu bOa khong khi bao gom 4 bQ
ph~:
1.3
au tfJO iliJu
oa
./ May nen (compressor) .

./ Dan ngung (condenser coil).
./ Van ti~t lUll (expansion valve).
./ Dan bay hai (evaporator coil).
- Ngoai ra, con co moi chc1tll;lnh, la chAt truyn tiii nhi~t tlr moi
truOng cAnlam ll;lnhra moi truOng ben ngoai, thuang dung R22 va
R41OA.
82
Phlin 7. CO'dien
Durin 1: Cac thullt ngu kji thullt viin thOng
TT
Khai ni~mlD~c di~m
hu~t ngfi'
Condenser Coli
Hot gas
Hot Liquid
evaporator
58: cdu t(lO diu hoa
Cold Liquid
lflnh
kh6ng khi
- Ho~t di)ngxoay quanh cong thLrc:

(P*V)/T=const
1.4
guyen Ij CO' - Moi chat & d~g hai (trong tr~ng thai bao bOakho) ill bu6ng l~nh
duQ'cmay nen hut viw va nen do~ nhi~t & ap su&tcao, nhi~t di)
an cua dieu
cao. Sau do hai moi chat di vao binh ngung, truyn nhi~t qua dan
cac
ngung nha luqng nhi~t cho moi truOng ben ngoai (khong khi hay
ph lin
nuac lam mat) va ngung W dfulg ap chuyn v d~g long. Moi
1.5
'hIin hi?t dieu

thldlng,
ieu
hoa
'nverter.
1.6
-
chat long ngung Will dan ngung di qua van ti~t lUll,giam ap su&t
va chuyn ill d~g long sang d~g hai fun nhi~t di) th&p.Hai fun
ti~p Wc di vao bu6ng l~ nh~ nhi~t luqng cua khong khi cfln
lam lanh bi~n thanh hai bao hoa kho va chu trinh Hi lai nhu cu.
Dieu 'bOainverter (bien tan): T~o khi mat bang c~ch'thay doi tan .9lO~
s6 may nen, do do diu chinh luqng moi chat d dap img nhu du ~6N ~
lam mat va d~t duQ'cnhi~t de?mong mu6n vai mirc di) thay dbi ;01 VIWG
nhi~t di) t6i th.iu.Nha diu khin nhi~t di) chinh xac, ti~ tr~ng,>o~'j,~1o
lang phi co the duQ'clo~i bOoDo v~y, may l~nh inverter tiet ki~m~b~~(.
di~n han diu bOathong thuOng.
'J:y~
Di~u hoa thrrimg (hay con gQi lit di~u bOa non-inverter hay"'"
mono): May chi ch~y & ch~ di) day tai, do do khi cai d~t nhi~t di)
20C hay 2SoC ciing tieu th\l cong su&tgi6ng nhau. Cach nh~
bi~t rat ra la & bi) ph~n ben trong cua dau l~ khong co m~ch
di~n tir, chi bao g6m 1 bi) ph~ cho may nen va 1 bi) pMn cho
qu~t. May ch~y n~u d y kYtrong khong gian yen tInh thi l~u lau
se nghe ti~ng l~cht~ch cua ra Ie cam bi~n nhi~tho~t di)ng.
EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio: Ty l~ hi~u suat nang luqng) la chi
s6 danh gia hi~u su&tnang luqng, chi s6 nay ghi thOng s6 m6i
watt di~n duQ'csir d\lllg se cho bao nhieu dan vi nhi~t Anh BTU/h
(thuOngg9i la BTU).
COP (Coefficient Of Performance) la chi s6 danh gia hi~u qua
nang luqng trong ua trinh sir d\lng may diu bOakhong khi duQ'c
83
Ouyin 1: Cae thuat ngit
kV
thuat viin thOng
PhOn 7. Cd ilien
Khlii ni~mfl)ljc di~m

tinh trong dieu ~i~n hUllvi~c 100 % tai.
COP = Cong swlt tai ll;lnh(kW)/ Cong su~t tieu thl,ldi~n (kW)
- V~ cO'ban, y nghla clla COP ya EER la tuang duang nhau, trong
d6:
../ COP thuOng dung khi n6i v~ chu trinh nhi~t ll;lnh. Vai chu
trinh lam ll;lnh(cooling), COP la ti sB giua lUQllgnhi~t l~y di
va lUQllg di~n cung dp cho may nen. Vai chu trinh nhi~t
(heating), COP la ti sB giua lUQllgnhi~t san sinh ra va lUQllg
di~n dp cho may nen .
../ EER thuOng dUng dS chi hi~u su~t Clla rieng 1 thit bi di~u
bOa khong khi ho~c bam nhi~t Cl,lthS.
- Vi dl,l:Ta n6i may di~u bOa khong khi 1 HP (2,8 kW - cong su~t
ll;lnh)C? COP 3,0, di~u nay c6 nghla nhu sau:
Cong suitt tieu thl,l di~n Clla may ll;lnh = 2,8 kW / 3,0 = 0,93 kW
di~n.
- Cong suitt ll;lnh clla dieu bOa (PL): Dan vi BTU/h (Dan vi nhi~t
Anh - British Thermal Unit): .
,
suat
Cong
../ 1000 BTU/h ~ 0,293kW .
../ 1 W ~ 3,41214 BTU/h.
cong
1.7 {lnh,
Cong
su~t tieu thl,l di~n: La di~n nang tieu thl,lthgc t clla di~u bOa
"ufu ili?n
(PIT)
PIT = PJCOp (W)
TT ~hu~t ngfr
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
ThOng gi6 tr\fc ti~p (TGTT)

TGTT la M thOng hUt gi6 n6ng trgc tiep til thiet bi ra ngoai nha
Khai ni?m
trl;lffi.
H~ thong bao gom ongchl,lp n6c thiet bi trong nha, dUOng dfuJ.khi
ctiu t{lo
n6ng va M thBng chl,lp gi6 ngoai trai.
- TGTT duQ'cchi lam 2lol;li la TGI va TG3.
- >iSmkhac bi~t: Thong gi6 lOl;liTG3 c6 be>ph~ dfin khi nong ra
Phan IO{li
ngoai dl;lllgBng, c6 thS keo dai va uBn, n~n duQ'c phl,lc Vl,l dfin khi
n6ng den nhUng huang thoat rihi~t khac nhau.
,
Ph{lm vi ap Cac tU BTS Ericsson (2G, 3G t~p trung), Huawei (2G, 3G t~p
trung).
r/(lng TGTT
7. Pin m~t trOi

TT ~hu~tngfr
nghia
'fJinh
pin m9t trili
Khlii ni~mfl)ljc di~m

Pin m~t trai (hay pin quang di~n, te bao quang di~n) la pharr ill ban
dfin quang c6 chua tren b~ m~t mQt sB lUQllgIan cac linh ki~n cam
bien anh sang la cac dl;lngdiode p-n, dung bien d6i nang lUQllganh
sang thanh nang lUQllg di~n. Sg chuYSn d6i nay gQi la hi~u trng
quang di~n.
84
.~,
f .
' '
_.
Hinh 59: H? thOngpin mgt triJi
Hinh 60: M9t
ti baa quang
Ql
- Hi~u suat chuyen doi quang-di~n la ti SO giua nang lUQ'Ilgdi~n sinh

ra boi tAm pin va nang lUQ'ng anh sang m?t trai cAp len tAm pin.
Vao bu6i twa mQt ngay trai trang, anh m?t trai toa nhi~t khoang
ifu suat pin
1000 W/m2, trong do 10% hi~u suat cua 1 module 1 m2 cung cAp
i)t trdi
nang lUQ'Ilgkhoang 100 W.
- Hi~u suAt cua pin m?t trai thay d6i ill 6% d~n 30% hay cao han
nua thuy thuQc cM ~u vao con n h~ ch~ t~o.
- Gian pin m?t trai: Gom nhieu tam pin m?t trm gh6p noi tiep ho?c
song song cung dp di~n ap dAu ra d~g 1 chiu. Gia tri di~n ap
ph\! thuQc vao s6 lUQ'IlgtAm gh6p n6i ti~p thanh 1 module. Cong
t{lo
CO'
suAt dAu ra cua gian ph\! thuQc s6 lUQ'Ilgmodule mic song song.
an h? thang - BQ chuy6n d6i (DC/AC ho?c DCIDC): Chuy6n d6i di~n ap 1 chiu
ung
cap
do gian pin cung cAp thanh d~g di~n ap xoay chiu ho?c di~n ap 1
ang /m,mg chiu co gia tri mong mu6n.
- Module diu khi6n cong suAt: Diu chinh phiin ph6i cong suat dAu
i)t trm
ra dp cho tai hay n~p cho ic quy.
- Ac quy: N~p lUll trfr nang lUQ'Ilgkhi co nang lUQ'Ilgm?t trai, xa dp
cho tai khi cong suat ning khong duo
cau
3
8. H~ th8ng
TT
rhu~t
canh
bao
Khai ni~m/J)i-c di~m
Hi~n t~i tren m~g Viettel giam sat duQ'c 8 lo~i canh bao sau:
Vi tri dau n6i
TT Lo,i canh blio
HQP cimh bao AC- Vl/2
Melt di~n lum
1
HQp cimh baoAC-Vl/2
Chlilyrnayno
2
ngfr
bao
Canh
nhii tr{lm
3
4
ClilDnguon Ac quy
(DC Low)
Hong rectifier va mat di~n til
ngu6nDC
Tungu6nDC
Tungu6nDC
Nhi~t dQ cao cua Ac quy
TUnguonDC
f)i~n ap tMp (AC Low)
TUnguonDC
Cimh bao c6 kh6i
Ciun bien kh6i
Cimh bao rna cua
Ciun bien rna cua
diem
(Jaucanh bao
Tiip
Ti~p di6m dau canh bao duQ'c quy dinh pMi dau vao ti~p di~m thuang
dong NC (Normally Closed), ~ho ph6p xuAt canh bao k~ ca trong
85
An
Ouyin 1: Cac thuat ngil' k thuat viin thong
TT rrhu~tngii'
PhOn 7. CO'ilien
Khlii ni~m/D~c di~m

truOng hQ'Pday dau noi bi dm.
9. H~ th6ng ti~p ttAt ch6ng set

TT
hu~t ngii'
Khlii ni~m/f)~c di~m

Set Ia hi~n tUQ'llgphong di~n trong khi quyen giua cac dam may va
dAtha giua cac dam may man cac di~n tich khac dAu.
- D~c tinh cua mQt dong set chuan:
./ DQ d6c suOn truac .
./ Bien dQ dong set.
./ Thai gian sau khi bien dQ dong set gifun con mQt mia.
- Dl;!ngsong dong set chuful duQ'ctrinh bay trong hinh sau:
is(t)
ijc
t{nh
ongsit
0,9
0,5
01
01
.... ,
I--~
.Tl=l,25AB
,,--------~
,
T2
Hinh 61: D(zc tinh dong set

huung
3
hap chang
it
iltinh
rlfc tilp
Chang sit
an truyJn
- Sli dl,lng M thOng di~n cl,J'cthu loi (fanklin): la IOl;!iduQ'c sli dl,mg
tl;!icac trl;lillthu pMt cua Viettel.
- Sli dl,Ing M th6ng di~n cl,J'cpMt tia tien dl;!o sam (ESE: Early
Stream Emission).
- Sli d\!ng M th6ng phan tan nang IUQ'llgset (DAS: Dissipation Array
System).
- La thiet bi cat set nguon 3 pha ho~c I pha, lap song song vai nguon
di~n d~ tieu tan nang IUQ'llgset xu6ng dk
- cAu hinh cua IOl;!inay g6m co 3 phfu1:
./ V an c~t set: Dung d~ c~t xung di~n set Ian truyn tren luai hl;!
th xu6ng dAt,truac khi no co th~ theo ngu6n di~n di vao ph\!
tilL
./ Day dful set: Dung d~ d&ndong set til di~m nut ml;lllgdn van
c~t set va tir van c~t set dn M th6ng tip dk
./ H~th6ng ti dAt:DUng dS tan don di~n set.
86
Oupin 1: Cae thulit ngir kf thulit viin thOng
Phan 7. Cu ilien
TT ~hu~t ngfi'
Khai ni~mlD~c diSm

- Tiep dat cong mc: Tiep dat cac b9 ph~ thiet bi thu9c m~ch di~n
cong tac thlJc hi~n chUc nang Ia di~n th~ chuan cua m~ch di~n.
Trong tr~ BTS cac qrc duong cua til ngu6n DC duqc dfiu v6i
IRhlin IO(li bang d6ng cua ti~p dfitcong taco
~ac IO(litiip - Ti~p dfit bao v~: Ti~p dfit cac b9 pMn khong thu9c m~ch di~n cong
dOt (cong
tac nhfun gifun nh6 di~n ap nguy hi~m cho thi~t bi duqc bao v~ d~n
cac gia tri cho ~hep. Ti~p d~t bao v~ duqc '}6i v6i cac b? ph~ kim
"aC, biio v?,
,
~~~~~~~~~b~~i~ck~&bi~~
chong set)
trong nha tr~.
- Ti~p dfit c~6n~ set: TiSp dM cac b9 ph~ bilOv~, cac day thu Ioi...
ho~c cac ket cau kim Io~icua nha tr~ va c9t cao.
87
Ourin 1: Cae thulit ngit ky thulit viln thOng
PhOn 8. PhOn m2m quan IV kj! thuljt
pHAN 8. pHAN MEM QuAN LY ICY THU~T

TT
Khai niem!llac di~m
Thuat n2ft
Phin m~m
di~u banh
ghim sat
m~nghrm
NocPro
Phinm~m
ki~m soat
truy c~p
m~ng Ium
Gatepro
Phin m~m
quan Iy ti.i
nguyen
m~ngNIMS
(Network
Infrastructu
reManagem
ent System).
Ml}c dich:
- La M th6ng giam sat canh bao, canh bao s6m, giam sat tMhi~u
nang t~p trung cho toan b(>ml;lI1gluM vi~n thong cua Viettel.
- T~o thanh ticket d~ giao vi~c va di~u hanh xu Iy sg c6 t~p trung
(ho~c dAy sang h~ th6ng di~u hanh xu 19 sg c6 da dich Vl)
NTMS ill 10/2013).
DBi tUQ1lgsir dl}ng:
- Toan b(> Igc luqng ky thu~t tham gia vao cong mc giam sat
canh bao, giam sat hi~u nang, di~u hanh va xu 19 sg c6, ung
cuu thong tin.
- Phfu1 dp nguai dung theo cac dp T6ng cong ty, Khu vgc/Thi
truang,Chinhlinh,CvrrVD(>ikythu~t.
M\lc dich:
- La c6ng xac thgc, phan quy~n t~p trung tuong tac giua nguoo
dUng vai node ml;lI1g,Quan 19, ghi nh~t kY bic d(>ngml;lI1gluM
d6i vai cac node m~ng co h5 trQ'dong I~nh. Lien k~t vai CR d~
quan 19 tac d(>nghqp phlip.
- Cung cAp giao di~n API h5 trQ' tac d(>ng ml;lI1gluai giao thuc
Telnet/SSH cho cac M th6ng lap tren.
D6i tUQ1lg sir dl}ng: Toan b(> Igc luqng ky thu~t co nhu cAu tac
d(>ngvao ml;lI1gluai.
M\lc dich:
- Qmin Iy toan b(>thOng tin h~ tang ml;lI1gluai nhu ml;lI1gngo~i vi
(c6ng b~, c(>t, cap d6ng, cap quang, til cap, h(>p cap, mang
xong, ODF), nha tr~m, cac thi~t bi vi~n thong va phv trQ'trong
tr~m, tr~ vi ba, tr~m VSAT ... va cac dAu n6i v~t Iy ill thi~t bi
d~n thi~t bi/khach hang tren n~n ban d6 s6.
- Lien k~t va la ngu6n co So' du li~u (danh mvc nha tr~, thi~t
bi ..) cho cac phan m~m khac
D6i tUQ1lgsir d\lng:
.
.
- Lgc luqng ky thu~t cac cap Cong ty (VTT & VTNet); Khu vgc
1,2,3; 63 CNVT Tinh/TP .
.
Phanm~m
quan Iy s1f
cBNTMS
(Network
Trouble
Ticket
Management
System).
,
"
Ph an
mem
quan Iy cdn
hinhNCMS
(Network
Configuration
Management
Ml}c dich:
- Quan Iy cac thong tin sg c6 (ticket) duQ'c phan anh ill Call
Center, ho~c sg c6 do Igc luqng ky thu~t phlit hi~n ra va dua
len M th6ng, quan Iy va di~u hanh giao vi~c, giai quy~t tai khi
dong sg c6.
DBi tUQ1lgnguOi dung: Lgc luqng ky thu~t cac dp Cong ty (VTT
& VTNet); Khu vgc 1, 2, 3; 63 CNVT Tinh/TP va cac thi truang.
Muc dich:
- . Quan Iy, cAuhinh, tham s6 m~m cua tAt ca cac lo~i thi~t bi vi~n
thong theo rung Vendor khac nhau.
- Quan 19 phien ban phan m~m tren thi~t bi.
- Cung dp m(>ts6 cong cv ra soat tham s6, cAu hinh, checklist..
so vai du hinh chuAn.
88
Ourin 1: Cae thuat ngu

TT
Thu~lt n2ft
System)
p"han mem
"
6
NPMS
(Network
Performance
Management
System)
Ph in m~m
nha tr~m
thOng minh
kV
thuat viin thOng
Phan 8. Phan mJm quiin IV kV thuljt
Khai niem!Dac c1i~m

Ai tlrQ'DgngU'Oisfr dl}ng:
- Cac don vi quan Iy node ml;IDg.
Ml}c c1ich:
- La phfuI m6m tg dQng Illy dfr li~u tir cac server (OSS, IPMS, ftp
server ... ), tinh toan va t3ng hqp thanh bao cao cac chi s3' KPI
cho tat ca cac mang: Truy6n dfuI, Vo tuySn, IP, Core Mobile,
VAS/IN.
- Cho phep luu tm, so sanh va danh gia cac KPI theo thai gian
nh~m m\!c dich ph\!c V\l cqng tac t3i uu va quy ho~ch m~ng
luai.
Ai tU'Q'DgngU'Oisfr dl}ng:
- ThiSt kS t3i uu Cong ty, Khu VlJC,Chi nhanh Tinh.
- PhOng INOC - Trung tam Khai thac toan duo
- PhOng IP - Trung tam Khai thac toan duo
- PhOng M~ng loi - Trung tam Khai tMc toan duo
- PhOng VAS - Trung tam Khai tMc toan duo
Ml}Cc1ich:
- Quan Iy, giam sat, di6u khin tir xa cac thiSt bi ngu6n, ph\! trq,
caoo bao ngoai ctia tr~m BTS tir xa.
- Lien kSt d cung cap caoo bao cho NOCPro.
Ai tU'Q'Dgsfr dl}ng:
,~{j10Q.O
- Noc cac CNT khai tMc trvc tiSp
-_ .... ... ~...
"~GCdNO
r
- Noc cac KV va TCty giam s.at 16'p2
:; LVOI VIET
.}llIrIAN
M1Jc c1ich:
~_P00;"
ENTHON
- La giao di~n cung cap cho nhan vien ky thu~t nfun duqc d~y dti ~ui,N
DOl
thOng tin v6 h~ tfuIg quan Iy (tr~m, thiSt bi, tuYSn cap, vimg ;>--.- .._~~
itGI.~Y .\~
10m, KPI), thOng tin v6 SlJ c3 tir NTMS, thOng tin ky thu~t v6 .~:;::;::.-'
cac tai san trong nha tn;un,
- Cung cap chUc nang giao vi~c dinh Icy va dQt xuat, theo doi va
danh gia cong vi~c cho OOanvien ky thu~t va t3 dQi tru&ng t3
dQi ky thu~t .
- Tinh diem, tinh luong dQingfi ky thu~t, nhan vien tuyn Huy~n
- TiOOdiem chi OOanhHOOtheo cac tieu chi thiSt kS t3i uu, 'pMt
trin h~ tfuIg, v~ Moo khai tMc va (mg Clm thong tin.
Ai tU'Q'Dgsfr d1Jng: LlJc luqng ky thu~t t~i cac Chi nhanh tiOOva
Trung tam huy~n.
Ml}c c1ich:
- Quan Iy t~p trung lu6ng CR tac dQng gifra cac don vi trong
VTNet (lu6ng CR tir tren xu3ng du6f, ngang hang, tir duai len
tren).
- Dang kY, pM duy~t, giam sat tiSn dQ, kSt qua thlJC hi~n cong
vi~c theo CR.
Ai tU'Q'Dgsfr dl}ng: LlJc luqng ky thu~t cfuI tac dQng vao h~ th3ng
m~ng luai trong va ngoai nuac.
Ml}c c1ich:
- Quan Iy t~p trung h6 trq ky thu~t cac don vi t~i thi truUng.
""
10
Phin m~m
Quan Iy
Congtac ky
thu{it tinh
(QLCTKT)
Phin m~m
QuanlyCR
(QLCR)
"
'
Phan mem
CSR
89
Ourin 1: Cae thuiit ngic

TT
11
Thuat n2ft
Ph~n mSm
qmin ly tai
li~u
).
Ph an mem
12 test end to
end
Ph~n mSm
13 thi~t k~ t6i
U'u
14
15
).
Phan mem
Coo di~n
Ph~n mSm
QoS
k thuiit
viln thOng
Phan 8. Phan
mim quan
It kY thufjt
Kh:ii niem/Dlic di~Dl

- Gilim sat ti~n di) thgc hi~n cong vi~c theo ni)i dung CSR.
D6i tU'Q11gngU'Oi sir d\mg: Lgc luqng ky thu~t trong va ngoai
nuac.
Mt}c dich:
- Qmin ly va la kho tai li~u, quy trinh, quy dinh, bai hQc kinh
nghi~m cua toan T6ng cong ty.
.
D6i tU'O'D2sir dt}n2: Toan bi) can bi) nhan vien ca
doan.
Mt}c dich:
- Cung cAp cong C\l ki~m tra chAt luqng m~g t1J di)ng dga tren
mo phOng vi~c su d\lng dich V\l cua khach hang, dan gian,
nhanh chOng.
- Quan Iy t~p trung cac thi~t bi Test, S1M, s6, kich ban Test va
k~t qua Test.
D3i tU'Q11gsir dt}ng: PhOng NOC cong ty, khu V1JC,chi nhanh vi~n
thOng.
Mt}c dich:
- La M th6ng quan Iy cac nghi~p V\l thi~t k~ t6i uu, quan Iy
nghi~p V\l xu 1:9vUng 16m,,quan 1:9,cac k~ ho~ch do ki~m dinh
kY, bO sung tr~ dam bao toi uu chat luqng m~g lum.
D3i tU'Q11gsir dt}ng:
- Nhan vien Thi~t k~ T6i uu cong tv, khu V1JCva chi nhanh.
Mt}c dich:
- Cho phep quan 1:9CSDL v6 toan bi) trang thi~t bi co di~n tren
m~ng lum, ph\lc V\lcho cong tac quan 1:9thOng qua cac cong C\l .\.
b~~th~~.'
~
- H~ th6ng ph\lc V\l cong tac theo d6i, bao dUOng cac h~g m\le, )
co di~n t~i nha tr~.
",< i/
'\
.
,
/ ('.::i' II
- Dua ra cac ciinh bao ve cac tr~m co h~g mvc co di~n den ki~~;Y
bao dUOng.Chi nhanh tinh t~o k~ ho~ch bao dUOng
.'
- Giup phOng co di~n cong ty M~g luai theo d6i duqc nhiing
tinh co tr~m d~n h~ rna chua co k~ ho~ch bao duOng, nhiing
tr~m co k~ hOl.lchbao du6ng rna khong hoan thanh
D3i tU'Q11gngU'Oidung: Lgc luqng quan 1:9va khai thac, quy
hOl.lchco di~n cac cAp
Mt}c dich:
- Giam sat chAt luqng (bang thOng trong nuac, qu6c t~, di) tr~,
jitter, di) mAtgoi..) cua dich V\lco day.
D6i tU'Q11gngU'Oisir dt}ng:
- PhOng Khai thac 1P - TTKTTC.
- PhOng 1P - Trung tam Ky thu~t Khu V1JC.
- Cac CNVT Tinh/TP.
no
'~;
90

So Tay Ky Thuat Vien Thong - Q1 - Cac Thuat Ngu Ky Thuat

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,

Ouvin 1: Cac thufit ngit

pHAN 1. TONG QUAN M;NG VIEN THONG ..............................................5

IL M {lng vien tllong Viettel. ....................................................................... 7

4. M~t so khai ni?m ve chat lU{lng dich v{l.............................................23

Ouvin 1: Cae thutit ngu

Ji: M{lng truyen dan vo tuyen (Vi ba, VSAT) .............................................54

PHAN 6. H~ TANG ................................................................................

He thong tIC dong dieu khien ...................................................................

6. H? th 0 ng lam mat .................................................................................. 82

9. H? t/Jong tiep ddt clJong set .............................................................86

Ouvin 1: Cae thuat ngu

Jdi thuat viin thOng

Danh muc tir viit tiit

DANH MUC TUVIET TAT

Second Generation (the second

M~g thOng tin di dQng th h~ thu 2

Third Generation (the third

M~g thOng tin di dQng th M thu 3

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber

DuOng thue bao s6 bilt d6i xfrng

Trung tam nh~n th\lc

Base Station Controller

BQ di~u khin trl).mg6c (ml).ng2G)

Base Transceiver Station

Trl).mthu pMt g6c (ml).ng2G)

Colour Ringback Tone

Digital Subscriber Line Access

BQ ghep kenh troy nh~p dUOngthue

Dense Wavelength Division

Ghep kenh phiin chia theo buac s6ng

Gateway GPRS Support Node

Nut h6 trQ'GPRS c6ng

Gateway Mobile Switching

Trong tamchuyn ml).chdi dQng c6ng

General Packet Radio Service

Global System of Mobile

H~ th6ng thOng tin di dQng toan du

Home Location Register

BQ dang kY vi tri thuOng trU

High Speed Downlink Packet

Troy nh~p g6i dubng xu6ng t6c dQ

High Speed Packet Access

Troy nh~p g6i t6c dQcao

High Speed Uplink Packet

Troy nh~P g6i dubng len t6c dQ cao

Giao thuc lien m~g (giao thuc IP)

Missed Call Alert

Bao cUQcgQi nh6'

Thit bi di dQng (m~g 2G)

Mobile Switching Center

T6ng did dich

Mobile Soft Switch

T6ng did chuyn ml).chm~m

Trl).mthu pMt g6c (ml).ng3G)

Public Switched Telephone

M~g di~n thol).ichuyn ml).chcong

Radio Network Controller

BQ di~u khin m~g vo tuyn

vo tuyn g6i t6ng hQ'P

Oupin 1: Cae tltutlt ngir

Iff tltutlt viln

Danlt mue tir viit tdt