UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

ECE412AL RF CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Impedance Matching Network Design:

Designing a High Q Network

Submitted by:

Abrenilla, Joshua Abraham T.

Ambayan, Brendan PG A.
Lobrigas, Jake C.
Picorro, Sean Geoff
Tan, Angelito O.

Submitted to:
Engr. Roger Yap

October 14, 2016

I.

Objective

To be able to attain a maximum power transfer between the source and the load of a
circuit through designing an impedance matching network with high selectivity to match
a 20-ohm source resistor to a 120-ohm load resistor that operates at 100-MHz and be
able to come up with a practical application of impedance matching networks.

II.

Design procedure

In designing an impedance matching network, it is important to follow a set of desired

specifications. These specifications will serve as your guide throughout the process of
designing an impedance matching network. As what was stated in the objectives, our
specification is to design an impedance matching network with a high selectivity to
match a 20-ohm source resistor to a 120-ohm load resistor that operates at 100-MHz .
1.) Identify what kind of impedance matching network is to be designed from the
specifications indicated.
It is specified to design an impedance matching network with high selectivity. This
means that the network to be designed can either be a T- Network or a Pi ( ) Network, since among the types of impedance matching network, these two types have
a high Q which means that it has a High Selectivity and it is expected to produce a
narrow bandwidth due to its high selectivity. For the impedance matching network, the
researchers have chosen to design four different Pi- Networks in order to have an
impedance matching network with high selectivity and four different functions to choose
from. Designing a highly-selective network means it will produce a narrowband
response.
2.) Now that the type of network has been chosen, it is important to declare the value for
the loaded Q. In this project, the researchers have chosen to have a loaded Q of 12.
3.) Create a circuit diagram for the Pi- Network which includes the virtual resistance.
This diagram will serve as a guide throughout the analysis .

Fig.1 Pi- Network with Virtual Resistance

4.) The chosen loaded Q is 12, this means that the highest Q within the circuit is 12 and

since we are designing a Pi-Network, in which the virtual Resistance (R) is less than the
source and load resistances, the loaded Q will be found in the L-section where the
largest terminating resistance is located. Since R s< RL, 20< 120, which means that R L is
the largest terminating impedance and the loaded Q ,12, is found in the L-section
containing RL.

Fig.2 L-section in the Pi- Network with Loaded Q of 12

From this, the virtual resistance can now be found by doing the appropriate calculations
shown:
Rs =20 o h ms

Let

Rl=120 o hms
Q=12

f =100 M h z
Q=

Q 2=

R Hig h
1
R

RHig h
1
R

Since the L-section being used has the largest terminating resistance 120 ohms, R L
becomes the RHigh to be used in the equation for Q.
R
Q2+ 1= Hig h
R

R=

RHig h
2

Q +1

120
24
= 0.8276 o h ms
2
12 +1 29

5.) Solve for the impedance values using the obtained value of R and Q for the certain
L-section being used.
Q s=

Xs
Rs

X c=

1
2 fC

Q 2=

RHigh
1
R

Q p=

Rp
Xp

X p 2=

X l =2 fL

R p R l 120
= =
=10 o h ms (Capacitive)
Q p Q 12

X s 2=R s Q s=RQ=

24
(12 ) =9.9310 o h ms
29

(Inductive)

The solved values 10 and 9.931 Ohms have been declared as capacitive, and inductive,
respectively, since these two must be of opposite reactance. Although, these two can be
also be interchanged, we have chosen these values to be of that reactance for the first
design among the four networks to be designed.
Notice that Xp1, Xs1, Xp2, and Xs2 can all be either capacitive or inductive reactances.
The only constraint is that Xp1 and Xs1 are of opposite types, and Xp2 and Xs2 are of
opposite types.
6.) Solve for the other Q with the L-section containing the smaller terminating resistance
which is the L-section with the source resistance using the same value obtained for the
virtual resistance R. Since the terminating resistance which is the Source resistance is
still larger than the virtual resistance, RS becomes the new RHigh.

Fig.3 L-Section containing Smaller Terminating Resistance

Q 1=

R Hig h
20
1=
1=4.813 2
R
0.8276

7.) Solve for the impedance values using the obtained Q and R.
X p 1=

R p Rs
20
= =
=4.1552 o h m s
Q p Q1 4.8132

X s 1=R s Q s=R Q1=

(Capacitive)

24
( 4.8132 )=3.9833 o h m s
29

(Inductive)

Each obtained element value can be interchanged as capacitive or inductive, however,

for the first Pi-network to be designed, the researchers have chosen these element
values to be as what was assigned.
First Pi- Network Design (Low-Pass Filter)
1.) Using all of the values obtained, design the first Pi-network.

Fig.4 Pi-Network design in terms of Impedances

Notice that the series elements can be combined with one another to produce:

X l = 3.9822 ohms + 9.9310 ohms = 13.9143 ohms

2.) Change all impedances to its capacitor and inductor values using the frequency of
operation which was 100MHz. The resulting network becomes the first configuration of
the designed Pi-Network.
X c=
C=

1
2 fC

X l =2 fL

1
2 f X c

L=

Xl
2 f

X l =

3.9822 ohms + 9.9310 ohms =

13.9143 ohms
C1 =

1
=383.0167 pF
2 1001064.1553

C2 =

1
=159.1549 pF
6
2 10010 10

L=

13.9143
=22.1453 nH
2 10010 6

Fig.5 Pi- Network First Configuration

Second Pi-Network Design (High-Pass Filter)
1.) Create the second configuration by changing the obtained values by mixing it up
with either as a capacitance or as inductance.
X p 1=

R p Rs
20
= =
=4.1552 o h m s
Q p Q1 4.8132

X s 1=R s Q s=R Q1=

(Capacitive)

24
( 4.8132 )=3.9833 o h m s
29

(Inductive)

X p 2=

R p R l 120
= =
=10 o h ms
Q p Q 12

X s 2=R s Q s=RQ=

(Inductive)

24
(12 ) =9.9310 o h ms
29

(Capacitive)

X c = 3.9822 ohms + 9.9310 ohms = 13.9143 ohms

Fig.6 Pi- Network Impedances for Second Configuration

2.) Change all impedances to its capacitor and inductor values using the frequency of
operation which was 100MHz. The resulting network becomes the second configuration
of the designed Pi-Network
L1 =

4.1553
=6.134 nH
2 100106
C1 =

L2 =

10
=15.9155 nH
2 100106

1
=114.3823 pF
2 10010613.9143

Fig.7 Pi- Network Second Configuration

Third Pi-Network Design (Passes DC)

1.) Create the third configuration by changing the obtained values by mixing it up with
either as a capacitance or as inductance.
X p 1=

R p Rs
20
= =
=4.1552 o h m s
Q p Q1 4.8132

X s 1=R s Q s=R Q1=

X p 2=

24
( 4.8132 )=3.9833 o h m s
29

R p R l 120
= =
=10 o h ms
Q p Q 12

X s 2=R s Q s=RQ=

(Inductive)
(Capacitive)

(Capacitive)

24
(12 ) =9.9310 o h ms
29

(Inductive)

X l = 3.9822 ohms - 9.9310 ohms = 5.9477 ohms since inductance is greater than
the capacitance

Fig.8 Pi- Network Impedances for Second Configuration

2.) Change all impedances to its capacitor and inductor values using the frequency of
operation which was 100MHz. The resulting network becomes the second configuration
of the designed Pi-Network
C=

1
=159.1549 pF
2 10010610

L2 =

L1 =

5.9477
=9.4661nH
2 100106

4.1553
=6.134 nH
2 100106

Fig.9 Pi- Network Second Configuration

Fourth Pi-Network Design (Blocks DC)
1.) Create the fourth configuration by changing the obtained values by mixing it up with
either as a capacitance or as inductance.
X p 1=

R p Rs
20
= =
=4.1552 o h m s
Q p Q1 4.8132

X s 1=R s Q s=R Q1=

X p 2=

24
( 4.8132 )=3.9833 o h m s
29

R p R l 120
= =
=10 o h ms
Q p Q 12

X s 2=R s Q s=RQ=

(Capacitive)
(Inductive)

(Inductive)

24
(12 ) =9.9310 o h ms
29

X c = 3.9822 ohms - 9.9310 ohms =

(Capacitive)
5.9477 ohms since capacitance is greater than

the inductance

Fig.9 Pi- Network Impedances for Second Configuration

2.) Change all impedances to its capacitor and inductor values using the frequency of
operation which was 100MHz. The resulting network becomes the second configuration
of the designed Pi-Network
L=

10
=15.9155 nH
2 10010 6
C2 =

C1 =

1
=383.0167 pF
2 1001064.1553

1
=267.59 07 pF
6
2 10010 5.9477

Fig.9 Pi- Network Second Configuration

Conclusion
Learning how to match impedances is very important but very tiresome at the
same time. Although it is hassle and a bit complicated to do it is very important in a
sense that it can be applied in many practical applications in this world. Impedance
matching is mainly used in the electronic communications track because it involves
mainly on communications and filters. It is also used in other tracks as well like control
systems and microelectronics. One must simply know the importance of how matching
impedance works and the formulas needed to deal with impedance matching. Four PiNetwork designs have been created in this documentation, in which, each of it has a
different function.
Discussed in this paper is the impedance matching in which it is necessary to
have the maximum power transfer between the source and load of the circuit.
Impedance matching was done via solving and not actually performing the circuit since
time was the enemy. In another subject, we were able to test impedance matching in
analog communications. An FM transmitter was constructed and in order for the signal
to be transmitted from afar an antenna was constructed. In order for the transmitter and
antenna to match, impedance matching was used for the antenna and transmitter to a
maximum power transfer. Most impedances include inductances and capacitances that
must also be factored into the matching process. This topic gave us a good idea and
were able to match our antenna and FM transmitter. There are still many applications
about impedance matching and there is a big possibility that this will be really useful for
us as future engineers especially in the communications track. Hopefully that this

knowledge that we have acquired wont be forgotten and apply it properly in many
applications in the real-world. Impedance matching can also be used in filters.