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PIER :

Bendung .

DIMENSIONS OF PIER
Abutment Type
Super Structure Type

Case I

B2

B5

AB 120A
T-beam Road Bridge

Case II

B2

W2

W5

W2
Hrh

Hrb

+ 79.00

H5
HT

H6
H1

Ho

B3

H2

W3

+ 78.00

hw
B5

B4

W4

B4

B6

B6

ho

W5

W4

W6

W6

+ 69.00
+ 68.20

H3
H4

+ 67.00
WT

BT

1 Input
1) Dimensions (unit: m)
HT
12.00

Ho
9.80

H1
10.80

H2
10.20

H3
0.30

H4
0.90

B2
0.20

B3
0.20

B4
1.75

B5
1.25

B6
0.40

BT
4.75

W2
0.25

W3
0.25

W4
2.25

W5
2.75

W6
0.40

WT
7.25

2) Design parameters
Unit Weight
Soil
Soil saturated
Concrete
water

1,800
2,000
2,400
1,000

Internal friction angle (degree)


Friction Coefficient =Tan b =

21.87 tf/m2 (normal)


32.80 tf/m2 (seismic))

Horizontal seismic coefficient


kh :
for earth
for structure

Young Modulus (reinforcement bar)


Young Modulus ratio

kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3

30 degree
0.5

Allowale bearing capacity Qa

Concrete Design Strength


Creep strain coefficient (concrete)
Reinforcement concrete
Allowable stress
Concrete
Re-bar
Shering
Yielding Point of reinforcement Bar

H5
0.60

H6
0.40

Number of barrel

Reaction
Normal
Seismic
Type of bearing

Surcharge Load
Load per m
( max.
( max.

ho
0.80

hw
9.00

Hrh
0.75

Hrb
1.50

Vn=Rd+Rl 275.92 ton


Ve=Rd
142.54 ton
He=
25.66 ton
left
Fixed
right
Movable
(Input Fixed or Movable)
0 kg/m2
0 ton/m

(normal, left + right)


(seismic, left + right)
(He= 2 kh Rd, for fixed + fixed)
(He= kh Rd, for fixed + movable
or movable + movable)

30.0 t/m2 for soil foundation)


45.0 t/m2 for soil foundation)

0.18
0.18
Normal condition
175
0.0035

Seismic condition
175
0.0035

c =

kgf / m2

cs =
sa =
ta =

kgf / m2
kgf / m2
kgf / m2

60
1850
5.5

90
2775
8.25

sy =

kgf / m2

3000
2,100,000
24

3000
2,100,000
16

1/37

341444859.xls, Input

Check
2.1 Stability analysis
Case I, II
Normal condition
-

Overturning

Sliding

Sinking

Qmax = 11.95
Qmax < Qa OK
Qa = 21.87

t/m2
t/m2

Case I (parallel to bridge axis)


Seismic condition
e= 1.527 m
BT/3= 1.583 m
OK
e < (BT/3)
Fs=Hu/H 3.25
1.25
Fs >
OK
Qmax = 30.15 t/m2
OK
Qmax < Qa
Qa = 32.80 t/m2

Case II (perpendicular to bridge axis)


e=
BT/3=
e < (BT/3)
Fs=Hu/H
Fs >
Qmax =
Qmax < Qa
Qa =

1.596
2.417
OK
3.25
1.25
OK
19.24
OK
32.80

m
m

t/m2
t/m2

2.2 Structural analysis


(1) Body
Section A - A
Case I (parallel to bridge axis)
Normal
Seismic
Bar arrangement
Tensile bar

Case II (perpendicular to bridge axis)


Normal
Seismic

(mm)
spacing (mm)
As1 (cm2)
(mm)
(vertical)
spacing (mm)
As (cm2)
(mm)
(horizontal)
interval (mm)
Max interval (mm)

25
200
30.68
25
200
30.68

25
200
30.68
25
200
30.68
16
200
2410

25
200
60.87

25
200
60.87
25
200
60.87
16
200
487

Effective width (whole width) (cm)


Concrete cover (cm)
Effective height (cm)
Design load
Mf (t m)
Nd (t)
S (t)
Checking of minimum reinforcement bar
1.7 Mf < Mc ? If no, check Mu
Mu > Mc ?
Required bar (cm2)
Checking of allowable stress
c
Compressive stress
kgf/cm2
s
Bending stress
kgf/cm2
s'
kgf/cm2
m
Mean shearing stress
kgf/cm2

125.0
7.0
241.0
0.0
360.8
0.0

125.0
7.0
241.0
172.3
227.4
34.7

248.0
7.0
118.0
0.0
360.8
0.0

248.0
7.0
118.0
191.5
227.4
34.7

ok

ok

ok

-10.71

Compressive bar

Hoop bar

(vertical)

25
200

Design dimensions

0.0 ok
0.0 ok
0.0 ok

21.7
160.8
332.9
1.2

ok
ok
ok
ok

0.0 ok
0.0 ok
0.0 ok

check Mu
ok
38.1557
48.0
1,215.3
650.2
1.3

ok
ok
ok
ok

Section B - B
Case I (parallel to bridge axis)
Normal
Seismic
Bar arrangement
Tensile bar

Case II (perpendicular to bridge axis)


Normal
Seismic

(mm)
spacing (mm)
As1 (cm2)
(mm)
(vertical)
spacing (mm)
As (cm2)
(mm)
(horizontal)
interval (mm)
Max interval (mm)

25
100
61.36
25
100
61.36

25
100
61.36
25
100
61.36
16
200
2410

25
100
121.74

25
100
121.74
25
100
121.74
16
200
1180

Effective width (whole width) (cm)


Concrete cover (cm)
Effective height (cm)
Design load
Mf (t m)
Nd (t)
S (t)
Checking of minimum reinforcement bar
1.7 Mf < Mc ? If no, check Mu
Mu > Mc ?
Required bar (cm2)
Checking of allowable stress
c
Compressive stress
kgf/cm2
s
Bending stress
kgf/cm2
s'
kgf/cm2
m
Mean shearing stress
kgf/cm2

125.0
7.0
241.0
0.0
360.8
0.0

125.0
7.0
241.0
373.3
227.4
42.8

248.0
7.0
118.0
0.0
360.8
0.0

248.0
7.0
118.0
392.6
227.4
42.8

Compressive bar

Hoop bar

(vertical)

25
100

Design dimensions

ok
0.0
0.0 ok
0.0 ok
0.0 ok

2/37

check Mu
ok
35.5
45.1
1,171.6
665.8
1.5

ok
0.0
ok
ok
ok
ok

0.0 ok
0.0 ok
0.0 ok

check Mu
ok
146.7
72.7
2,157.8
966.0
1.6

ok
ok
ok
ok

341444859.xls, Input

(2) Footing
Case I (parallel to bridge axis)
Normal
Seismic
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Bar arrangement
Upper face

Lower face

(mm)
spacing (mm)
As5 (cm2, >As7/3)
(mm)
(additional bar)
spacing (mm)
As6 (cm2, >As5/2 and As8/3)
(mm)
(tensile bar)
spacing (mm)
As7 (cm2)
(mm)
(additional bar)
spacing (mm)
As8 (cm2, >As7/2)
(tensile bar)

22
300
ok
60.19 >=40.1
22
300
ok
60.19 >=40.1
22
150
120.38
22
150
ok
120.38 >=60.2

Case II (perpendicular to bridge axis)


Normal
Seismic
Lower Upper Lower Upper

22
300
ok
60.19 >=40.1
22
300
ok
60.19 >=40.1

22
22
300
ok
300
ok
91.87 >=61.2
91.87 >=61.2
22
22
300
ok
300
ok
91.87 >=61.2
91.87 >=61.2
22
150
183.73
22
ok
150
ok
>=91.9
183.73 >=91.9

22
150
120.38
22
150
ok
120.38 >=60.2

22
150
183.73
22
150
183.73

475
6
114
99.0
0.0
111.0

475
10
110
319.3
0.0
305.3

475
6
114
99.0
0.0
111.0

725
10
110
202.0
0.0
246.2

725
6
114
142.9
0.0
125.5

725
10
110
339.4
0.0
277.6

725
6
114
142.9
0.0
125.5

ok

ok

ok

ok

ok

ok

ok

54.94

118.06

35.30

116.22

79.36

125.49

50.99

Design dimensions
475
Effective width (whole width) (cm)
Concrete cover (cm)
10
Effective height (cm)
110
Design load
Mf
146.8
Nd
0.0
S
168.5
Checking of minimum reinforcement bar
1.7 Mf < Mc ? If no, check Mu
ok
Mu > Mc ?
Required bar (cm2) 84.46
Checking of allowable stress
c
Compressive stress
kgf/cm2
20.0
ok
s
Bending stress
kgf/cm2 1223.6
ok
m
Mean shearing stress
kgf/cm2
3.56
ok

16.7
ok
1548.5
ok
2.12
ok

50.9
ok
2618.6
ok
6.35
ok

19.8
ok
1529.8
ok
2.17
ok

18.0
ok
1103.1
ok
3.41
ok

15.8
ok
1465.5
ok
1.57
ok

35.4
ok
1823.7
ok
3.78
ok

18.8
ok
1447.8
ok
1.61
ok

(3) Beam
Upper

Bar arrangement
Upper face

Lower face

(mm)
spacing (mm)
As (cm2)
(mm)
spacing (mm)
As (cm2)

16
300
11.06
16
300
11.06

Side

16
300
6.70
16
300
6.70

Design dimensions
Effective width(cm)
165
Concrete cover (cm)
6
Effective height (cm)
94
Design load
Mf
2.9
Nd
0.0
S
4.0
Checking of minimum reinforcement bar
1.7 Mf < Mc ? If no, check Mu
ok
Mu > Mc ?
Required bar (cm2)
1.99
Checking of allowable stress
c
Compressive stress
kgf/cm2
2.5 ok
s
Bending stress
kgf/cm2
300.6 ok
m
Mean shearing stress
kgf/cm2
0.3 ok
Stirrup If shearing stress is not sufficient, put stirrup or increase thickness of concrete.
(mm)
12
spacing (mm)
200
As (cm2)
5.65

3/37

100
6
159
0.5
0.0
0.7
ok
0.21
21.854
0.3 ok
52.1 ok
0.0 ok

341444859.xls, Input

1. WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT AND MOMENT


1) Dimensions (unit: m)
HT
12.00

Ho
9.80

H1
10.80

H2
10.20

H3
0.30

H4
0.90

B2
0.20

B3
0.20

B4
1.75

B5
1.25

B6
0.40

BT
4.75

W2
0.25

W3
0.25

W4
2.25

W5
2.75

W6
0.40

WT
7.25

2) Design parameters
Unit Weight
Soil
Soil under water
Concrete
water
Internal friction angle (degree)
Friction Coefficient =Tan b =
Allowale bearing capacity Qa

1,800
2,000
2,400
1,000
30.00
0.50
21.87
32.80

Horizontal seismic coefficient


kh : for earth
for structure

H5
0.60

ho
0.80

hw
9.00

Hrh
0.75

Vn=Rd+Rl 275.92 ton (normal)


Ve=Rd
142.54 ton (seismic))
He=
25.66 ton (Superstructure x kh)
Surcharge Load
0.00 kg/m2
Load per m
0.00 ton/m
( max.
( max.

30.00 t/m2 for soil foundation)


45.00 t/m2 for soil foundation)

0.18
0.18
1.65

0.20

(unit: m)
Hrb
1.50

Reaction
Normal
Seismic

kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
degree
tf/m2
tf/m2

H6
0.40

3.25
0.25

1.25

2.75

0.25

0.20
0.75

0.60

2
0.40
12.00

0.25

0.20
3

10.20

10.80

4.5

9.80

9.00
1.75

2.25

0.40

0.80

2.75

0.40

0.40

y=o

2.05

3.55

0.90

4.75

7.25

(1) Weigh and center


Section B-B
Volum
No.
m3
Body

1
2
3
4
5
Total

Soil

6
7
Total

G. Total

3.22
1.75
30.40
5.76
30.99
72.12
25.07
4.57

29.64
101.76

unit
weight
t/m3
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.00
2.00

Vertical Distance
Moment
Load
Y
WY
t
m
t.m/m
7.7 10.500
81.1
4.2 10.015
42.0
73.0
357.5
4.900
13.8
74.4
173.1
480.6
50.1
9.1
59.3
0.0
232.4
480.6

(2) Inertia force H


Section B - B
H = (Total weight of 1 to 3) x kh
= 84.88
x
0.18 =
Center y
y = 480.58

2.25
B

0.40

1.75

6
7

B
0.30

1.25

1.20

84.88 =

5.66 =

15.28 tf

5.66 m

No.
Body

1
2
3
4
5
Total

Soil

4/37

3.22
1.75
13.96

Vertical Distance
Moment
Load
Y
WY
t
m
t.m/m
7.7
46.3
2.40
6.000
4.2
23.1
2.40
5.515
33.5
88.8
2.40
2.650

18.92

45.4

158.2

18.92

45.4

158.2

6
7
Total

G. Total

Section A - A
H = (Total weight of 1 to 3) x kh
= 45.42
x
0.18 =

8.18 tf

Center y
y = 158.23

3.48 m

6.86

Section A-A
Volum
unit
weight
m3
t/m3

5.70

45.42 =

3.48 =

9.18

341444859.xls, Stability

(3) Dynamic water pressure


Section B - B
b/h=
2.75
/
4.50
=
0.61111
<
2.00
Dynamic water pressure P
P=
3 / 8 x Kh x Wo x b x h2 ; (b/h> 2.0),
3/4 kh Wo b2 h (1-b/4h)
=
0.75
x
0.18
x
1
x
1.56
h/2 =
2.25 m
y=
2.25
+
6.50
=
8.75 m
Section B - B
b/h=
2.75
/
9.80
=
0.28061
<
2.00
Dynamic water pressure P
P=
3 / 8 x Kh x Wo x b x h2 ; (b/h> 2.0),
3/4 kh Wo b2 h (1-b/4h)
=
0.75
x
0.18
x
1
x
1.56
h/2 =
4.5 m
y=
4.5
+
2.00
=
6.50 m

; (b/h < 2.0)


x
4.50

0.931

0.88

tf

; (b/h < 2.0)


x
9.00

0.965

1.83

tf

(4) Buoyancy u
Volume under water level Vo (body)
Vo =
68.88
+
27.92

96.79 m3

LOAD AND MOMENT


Case I-2

Case II-2

R
H

0.75

STABILITY ANALYSIS
Case I

Normal Condition
1 Moment and Acting Point
Description
Body
Soil
Reaction (bridge)
Buoyancy u
Total

V Load
V (t)
173.1
59.3
275.9
-96.8 (100%)
411.5

1.1 Sinking (Bearing capacity)


Allowale bearing capacity Qa
Reaction from the Foundation

Q max( min) =

21.87 tf/m2

V
WTBT

Fondation Reaction Q
Q =
11.95 tf/m2
Case I-2

Q is smaller than Qa? OK

Seismic Condition
1 Moment and Acting Point
Description
Body
Soil
Reaction (bridge)
Dynamic water pressure
Buoyancy (100%)

V Load HLoad
V (t)
H (t)
173.08
15.28
59.28
142.54
25.66
1.83
-96.79
278.1
42.8

Distance (m)
X
Y
2.375
6.862
2.375
2.375 12.000
6.500
2.375

5/37

Moment (t.m)
Mx
My
411.1
104.9
140.8
338.5
307.9
11.9
-229.9
660.5
424.6

Combined Acting Point


Xo=(Mx-My)/V
0.848 m
Eccentric Distance
e=(BT/2-Xo)
1.527 m
Bending Moment M =V x e
424.64 t.m

341444859.xls, Stability

2 Stability Analysis
2.1 Over Turnng
e<=(BT/3)

e=
BT/3=
BT/6=

1.527 m
1.583 m
0.792 m

2.2 Sliding
Friction Coefficient =Tan b =
Shearing registance force at base
Hu=V . Tan b
Safety Rate anaginst sliding
Fs=Hu/H

BT/3 is larger than e?

OK

0.5

e
V

139.06 tf
3.251

2.3 Sinking (Bearing capacity)


Allowale bearing capacity Qa
Reaction from the Foundation

Fs is larger than 1.25 ?

OK

H
Q min

Q max
BT

32.80 tf/m2
e > BT/6 ?

in case e<BT/6

in case e>BT/6

V
6M
Q max( min)=

WTBT WTBT 2

X=3(BT/2-e) =

Maximiun Fondation Reaction Q max


Q max =
23.652 tf/m2

Foundation Reaction Qe
Q=2V/(WT.X)=
30.153 tf/m2

2.544 m

Minimum Fondation Reaction Q max


Q min =
-7.500 tf/m2

e
V

Qmax is smaller than Qa? OK

Qe is smaller than Qa? OK

BT

Therefore
Qmax = 30.153 tf/m2
Qmin =
0.000 tf/m2
X=
2.544 m
Case II-2 Seismic Condition
1 Moment and Acting Point
Description
Body
Soil
Reaction (bridge)
Dynamic water pressure
Buoyancy (100%)

2 Stability Analysis
2.1 Over Turnng
e<=(WT/3)

V Load HLoad
V (t)
H (t)
173.1
15.3
59.3
142.5
25.7
1.8
-96.8
278.1
42.8

e=
WT/3=
WT/6=

1.596 m
2.417 m
1.208 m

2.2 Sliding
Friction Coefficient =Tan b =
Shearing registance force at base
Hu=V . Tan b
Safety Rate anaginst sliding
Fs=Hu/H
2.3 Sinking (Bearing capacity)
Allowale bearing capacity Qa
Reaction from the Foundation
in case e<WT/6

Qmax( min) =

V
6M

BTWT BTWT 2

Maximiun Fondation Reaction Q max


Q max =
18.743 tf/m2

Distance (m)
X
Y
3.625
6.862
3.625
3.625 12.750
6.500
3.625

Moment (t.m)
Mx
My
627.4
104.9
214.9
516.7
327.1
11.9
-350.9
1008.2
443.9

WT/3 is larger than e?

Combined Acting Point


Xo=(Mx-My)/V
2.029 m
Eccentric Distance
e=(WT/2-Xo)
1.596 m
Bending Moment M =V x e
443.89 t.m

OK

0.5

e
V

139.06 tf
3.251

Fs is larger than 1.25 ?

OK

H
Q min

Q max
WT

32.80 tf/m2
e > WT/6 ?
in case e>WT/6
X=3(WT/2-e) =

6.087 m
e

Foundation Reaction Qe
Q=2V/(BT.X)=
19.238 tf/m2

Minimum Fondation Reaction Q max


Q min =
-2.591 tf/m2

Qmax is smaller than Qa? OK

Qe is smaller than Qa? OK


Therefore
Qmax = 19.238 tf/m2
Qmin =
0.000 tf/m2
X=
6.087 m

6/37

X
WT

341444859.xls, Stability

Bearing Capacity of soil


(1) Design Data
B
B

=
=

30.00
4.75

cB
z

=
=

0.00
1.20

s '
L

t/m2
m

=
=

1.00
7.25

(=satw)

t/m3
m

(2) Ultimate Bearing Capacity of soil, (qu)


Calculation of ultimate bearing capacity will be obtained by appliying the following
Terzaghi's formula :
qu

c Nc + s' z Nq + s' B N
Shape factor (Table 2.5 of KP-06)

1.23

Shape of footing

0.40

rectangular, B x L

1.00
1.30
1.23
(= 1.09 + 0.21 B/L)
(= 1.09 + 0.21 L/B)
1.30

Shape of footing
1 strip
2 square
3 rectangular, B x L
(B < L)
(B > L)
4 circular, diameter = B

0.50
0.40
0.40

0.30

Bearing capacity factor (Figure 2.3 of KP-06, by Capper)


Nc

36.0

Nq

Nc
5.7
7.0
9.0
12.0
17.0
24.0
36.0
57.0
70.0
82.0

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
37
39 >
c Nc
s' z Nq
s' B N
qu

=
=
=

23.0
Nq
0.0
1.4
2.7
4.5
7.5
13.0
23.0
44.0
50.0
50.0

20.0

N
0.0
0.0
0.2
2.3
4.7
9.5
20.0
41.0
55.0
73.0

0.000
27.600
38.000

65.600 t/m2

(3) Allowable Bearing Capacity of soil, (qa)


qa

qu / 3

21.867 t/m2

(safety factor =

3 , normal condition)

qae

qu / 2

32.800 t/m2

(safety factor =

2 , seismic condition)

7/37

341444859.xls, Stability

STRUCTURAL CALCULATION, PEIR BODY


Section A - A

1 Load and Bending Moment of Peir Body


Case 1 (parallel to bridge axis)

Case II (perpendicular to bridge axis)

1.65

3.25

1.25

0.25

0.20

2.75

0.25

0.20
0.75

+ 79.00

+ 79.00
+ 78.40
+ 78.00

0.60

2
0.40
5.50

0.25

0.20

4.50

+ 78.00

4.90
3
4.50
A

1.25

+ 73.50
+ 68.20
+ 67.00

Dimensions
B2
0.20

B3
0.20

Seismic Coefficient

B5
1.25

soil

H1
10.80

kh=

H2
10.20

0.18

H5
0.60

unit:m
Ho
9.80

H6
0.40

stryctur

kh=

0.18

1) Normal condition (Case I-1 and II-1)


N=
Rd + Rl
+
Dead load (1, 2, 3)
= 275.924
+
84.877
= 360.801 t
H=
0.000 t
M=
0.000 t m
2) Seismic
Case I-2
N=
=
=
H=
M=
Case II-2
N=
H=
M=

Rd
+
142.544
+
227.421 t
34.718 t
172.301 t m

Dead load (1, 2, 3)


84.877

Item
He
Dead load x Kh
Dynamic water pressure P
Total

227.421 t
34.718 t
191.545 t m

Horizontal
Load
t
25.658
8.180
0.880
34.718

Case I-2
Distance
Y
m
5.500
3.484
3.050

Moment
My
t.m
141.119
28.499
2.684
172.301

Case II-2
Distance
Y
m
6.250
3.484
3.050

Moment
My
t.m
160.362
28.499
2.684
191.545

2 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar


1) Effective section
2.48

Design

d2 / 4

Calculation
Therefore

bh

Case I

b=
h=

1.25 m
2.48 m

Case II

b=
h=

2.48 m
1.25 m

1.25

0.625

bh =

0.625
1.5
2.75

3 Summary of Intersectional Force


Description
Case I
Case II

Normal Condition
Moment
Load
Shearing
M (tfm)
N (tf)
S (tf)
0.00
360.80
0.00
0.00
360.80
0.00

Seismic Condition
Moment
Load
Shearing
M (tfm)
N (tf)
S (tf)
172.30
227.42
34.72
191.54
227.42
34.72

3.1022 m4
3.1022 m4

4 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar as Rectangular Beam, Normal Condition


1) Cracking Moment
Mc=

Case I

Zc*('ck + N/Ac)

where, Mc
Zc

Mc=
=

Cracking Moment
Section Modulus
Zc=b*h1^2/6
b=125 cm
Tensile strength of Concrete (bending)
'ck = 0.5*ck^(2/3)
ck=
175 kgf/cm2
Axial force (kg)
Area of Concrete = b*h1
thickness of section

'ck

N
Ac
h1
b

Case II

34957421 kgf.cm/m
350 tf.m/m
kgf.cm
1281333 cm3

17619668 kgf.cm/m
176 tf.m/m
kgf.cm
b=248 cm

645833 cm3

16 kgf/cm2
360801
31000
248
125

16 kgf/cm2

kgf
cm2
cm
cm

360801
31000
125
248

kgf
cm2
cm
cm

2) Checking of Cracking Moment and Design Bending Moment


Design Bending Moment Mf
Check Mf & Mc

0.000 tf.m/m

0.000 tf.m/m

1.7*Mf>Mc?, if yes check ultimate bending moment


1.7*Mf =
0.000 tf.m
Mc=
349.574 tf.m
1.7*Mf>Mc?
No, no need to check ultimate bending moment

0.000 tf.m
176.197 tf.m
No, no need to check ultimate bending moment

3) Ultimate Bending Moment


Mu=As* sy{d-(1/2)*[As* sy]/[0.85* ck*b]}
where,
Mu
As
sy
d

'ck
b

Mu=
=

0 kgf.cm
0.000 tf.m

Mu=
=

0 kgf.cm
0.000 tf.m

Ultimate Bending Moment


Area of Tensile Bar
Yielding point of Tensile Bar
Effective height = h1-cover
cover d1=
7 cm
h1=
248.0 cm,
125.0 cm
Design Compressive Strength of Concrete
Effective Width

tf.m
cm2
3000 kgf/cm2
241 cm

175 kgf/cm2
125 cm

175 kgf/cm2
248 cm

As=Mf/( sa*j*d)
sa=
Allowable Stress Rbar
j= 1 -k/3 (=8/9 )
or k = n/{n+ sa/ ca)
n= Young's modulus ratio
ca
Allowable Stress Concrete

0.000 cm2
1850 kgf/cm2
0.854

0.000 cm2
1850 kgf/cm2
0.854

24
60 kgf/cm2

24
60 kgf/cm2

Check Mu & Mc

Mu =
Mc =
Mu>Mc?

tf.m
cm2
3000 kgf/cm2
118 cm

(Spec >295 N/mm2)

0.000 tf.m
349.574 tf.m
not applicable

Mu =
0.000 tf.m
Mc =
176.197 tf.m
not applicable

4) Bar Arrangement
Checking of Single or Double bar arrangement
M1= (d/Cs)^2*sa*b >Mf?
where, M1
Cs
s
m
sa
ca
n

M1= 81422113.063 kgf.cm


=
814.221 tf.m

Resistance moment
={2m/[s*(1-s/3)]}^(1/2)
(n*ca)/(n*ca+sa)
sa/ca

38727010 kgf.cm
387.270 tf.m

12.8436
0.4377
30.8333
1850 kgf/cm2
60 kgf/cm2
24

Check M1 > Mf?

12.8436
0.4377
30.8333
1850 kgf/cm2
60 kgf/cm2
24

M1=
814.221 tf.m
Mf=
0.000 tf.m
M1>Mf: Design Tensile Bar Only

387.270 tf.m
0.000 tf.m
M1>Mf: Design Tensile Bar Only

(a) Tensile Bar


Max Bar Area As max =
Min Bar Area As min =
Required Bar Area
Apply =
Required Bar Nos
Bar Area
Mrs=sa*As2(d-d2)

0.02*b*d =
b*4.5%=
As req=
25
@
Nos=b/pitch =
As =

30.680 cm2

602.50
5.63
0
200
6.250

cm2
cm2
cm2
mm
nos
ok

Mrs=
13677553 kgf.cm
=
136.776 tf.m
where, Mrs
Resistance Mooment by tensile bar As2
As2= As-As1=As - M1/{sa*(1-s/3)*d}
As2=
30.677
sa=
1850
d

25

585.28
11.16
0
200
12.400

60.868 cm2

cm2
cm2
cm2
mm
nos
ok

Mrs= 13287109 kgf.cm


=
132.871 tf.m

As2=
sa=

60.866
1850

(Spec >295 N/mm2)

d1

d=
d2=

241
0

M'=
As'=
M1=
Mf=

0.000
0.000
814.221
0.000

d=
d2=
sa=

241
0
1850
0
@
30.680

d=
d2=

118
0

(b) Compressive Bar, in case M1<Mf


M' = Mf - M1=sa*As'*(d - d2)
As' = M'/[sa*(d - d2)]

d2

d1
Required Bar Area
Apply =
Bar Area

As' req=
25
As' =

tf.m
cm2
tf.m
tf.m

0.000
0.000
387.270
0.000

cm
cm
kgf/cm2
cm2
200 mm
cm2
ok

25

118
0
1850
0
@
60.868

tf.m
cm2
tf.m
tf.m
cm
cm
kgf/cm2
cm2
200 mm
cm2
ok

5) Checking of Allowable Stress


(a) Tensile Bar Only
Mf
S
s =
c =
m =

0.000
0.000
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00102
0.19800
0.93400

Mf/(As*j*d)
2*Mf/(k*j*b*d^2)
S/(b*j*d)
p=As/(b*d)
k={(n*p)^2+2*n*p}^0.5 - n*p
j= 1-k/3
b

b=
d=
n=

x=kd
h

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

0.000
0.000
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00208
0.26997
0.91001

ok
ok
ok

125 cm
241 cm
24

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

ok
ok
ok

248 cm
118 cm
24

d
As
d1

(b) Tensile Bar & Compressive Bar


Mf
S
c =
s =
s' =
m =

0.000
0.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.001018
0.001018
0.177552
0.107964
0.953593

Mf/(b*d^2*Lc)
n*c*(1-k)/k
n*c*(k-d2/d)/k
S/(b*j*d)
p=As/(bd)
p'=As'/(bd)
k={n^2(p+p')^2+2n(p+p'*d2/d)}^05-n(p+p')
Lc=(1/2)k(1-k/3)+(np'/k)(k-d2/d)(1-d2/d)
j=(1-d2/d)+k^2/{2*n*p*(1-k)}*(d2/d-k/3)
b=
d2=
d=
n=

b
d2

As'

x=kd

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

0.000
0.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.002080
0.002080
0.231532
0.156751
0.946075

ok
ok
ok
ok

125 cm
0 cm
241 cm
24

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

ok
ok
ok
ok

248 cm
0 cm
118 cm
24

As
d1

5 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar as Column, Seismic Condition


1) Minimum Area as Column

Case I

Acmin = N/(0.008sa+ca)
where, sa
ca
N

Acmin =

Allowable stress of Reinforcement bar


Allowable stress of Concrete
Axial force

check: Ac (design) = b*h>Acmin?

Case II

2026.929 cm2

2026.929 cm2

2775 kgf/m2
90 kgf/m2
227.421 tf

b*c=

31000

>

2775 kgf/m2
90 kgf/m2
227.421 tf
Acmin

ok

31000

>

2) Cracking Moment
Mc=

Zc*('ck + N/Ac)

where, Mc
Zc

'ck

Cracking Moment
Section Modulus
Zc=b*h2^2/6
b=
Tensile strength of Concrete (bending)
'ck = 0.5*ck^(2/3)
ck=
Axial force

=
=

29444381 kgf.cm
294.444 tf.m
kgf.cm
1281333.3333 cm3
125 cm
15.643 kgf/cm2
175 kgf/cm2
227.421 tf

14840918 kgf.cm
148.409 tf.m
kgf.cm
645833.33 cm3
248 cm
15.643 kgf/cm2
175 kgf/cm2
227.421 tf

Acmin

ok

Ac
h

Area of Concrete = b*h2


thickness of section

31000 cm2
248 cm

31000 cm2
125 cm

Minimum Reifircement Bar


(a) As a beam
(b) As a column

As min = b(m)*4.5 cm2


As min=0.008*Ac min

As min=
As min=

5.63 cm2
16.22 cm2

As min=
As min=

11.16 cm2
16.22 cm2

Maximum Reinforcement Bar


(a) As a beam
(b) As a column

As max = 0.002*b*d
As max = 0.006*Ac

As max=
As max=

602.50 cm2
1860.00 cm2

As max=
As max=

585.28 cm2
1860.00 cm2

3) Checking of Cracking Moment and Design Bending Moment


Design Bending Moment Mf
Check Mf & Mc

172.301 tf.m

4) Checking of Required Reinforcement Bar

sa
Ms
e
M
N
n
c
h
b
d1
d
s

325.626 tf.m
148.409 tf.m
yes, check ultimate bending moment

Compute under eccentric load condition

As={[c*(s/2)-N/(b*d)]/sa}*b*d
where,
c

191.545 tf.m

1.7*Mf>Mc?, if yes check ultimate bending moment


1.7*Mf =
292.912 tf.m
Mc=
294.444 tf.m
1.7*Mf>Mc?
No, no need to check ultimate bending moment

As=

-10.707 cm2

25.431 cm2

c=
Stress of concrete
54.725 kg.cm2
solve the equation Eq1 below
Eq1 = c^3 + [3*sa/(2*n)-3*Ms/(b*d^2)]*c^2 - 6*Ms/(n*b*d^2)*sa*c - 3*Ms/(n^2*b*d^2)*sa^2 = 0
sa =
Allowable stress of Reinforcement Bar
2775 kg.cm2
Eccentric Moment, Ms=N(e+c)
Ms= 43838447.419 kgf.cm
Essentric Distance e=M/N
e=
75.763 cm
Bending Moment
M=
172.301 tf.m
Axial Force
N=
227.421 tf
Young's Modulus Ratio
n=
16
c=h/2 - d1
c=
117.0 cm
Height of Section
h=
248.0 cm
Width of section
b=
125.0 cm
Concrete Cover
d1=
7.0 cm
Effective Width of section d=h-d1
d=
241.0 cm
s=n*c/(n*c+sa)
s=
0.240
[3*sa/(2*n)-3*Ms/(b*d^2)]=
6*Ms/(n*b*d^2)*sa=
3*Ms/(n^2*b*d^2)*sa^2=

70.481 kg.cm2

2775
31776376
84.225
191.545
227.421
16
55.5
125.0
248.0
7.0
118.0
0.289

242.04
6283.55
544902

kg.cm2
kgf.cm
cm
tf.m
tf
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm

232.55
9575.97
830416

c (trial)= 54.725187
Eq1 (trial)= 0.0006335 ok
cross check 0.0006335 ok

c (trial)= 70.481349
Eq1 (trial)= -2.11E-007 ok
cross check -2.11E-007 ok

5) Ultimate Bending Moment


Mu=c*(h/2-0.4X)+Ts'(h/2-d2)+Ts(h/2-d1)
Mu=min(Mu1,Mu2)

where,
Mu
c
ck
b
X
Ts'
As'
As
Es
cu
h
d1
d2

Mu=
=

0 kgf.cm
0.000 tf.m
in case X>0
in case X<0
Mu1= 28200251.431
Mu2=
0

Ultimate Bending Moment (tf.m)


0.68*ck*b*X
design strength of Concrete
Width of section
solve the equation Eq2 below
As'*Es*cu*(X-d2)/X
Compressive Bar As'=0.5 As
Required Reinforcement Bar (Tensile)
Young's modulus (reinforcement bar)
Creep strain coefficient (concrete)
Height of Section
Concrete Cover (tensile side)
Concrete Cover (compressive side)

Equation Eq2
*X^2 + (-Ts-N)*X-*d2=0

0.68*ck*b

As'*Es*cu
As*sy
Ts
sy
Yielding point of Tensile Bar
N
Axial Force
put a,b,c as follows

then,

227421
175
125
15.289
0.000
0.000
0.000
2100000
0.0035
248
7
7

c=

0.00

kg/cm2
cm
X=
Ts'=

0.000
0.000

cm
cm
cm

=
14875
=
0
Ts=
0
sy=
3000 kgf/cm2
(Spec >295 N/mm2)
N=
227421 kgf
a=
14875
b= -Ts-N =
-227421
*d2
=
c=
0

X= (-b+(b^2-4ac)^0.2)/(2*a)
X= (-b-(b^2-4ac)^0.2)/(2*a)

Check Mc & Mu

X=
X=
Mu=
Mc=

Mu>Mc ?
6) Bar Arrangement

c=
ck=
b=
X=
Ts'=
As'=
As=
Es=
cu=
h=
d1=
d2=

15.289
0.000
0.000 tf.m
294.444 tf.m
not applicable

23307792 kgf.cm
233.078 tf.m
in case X>0
in case X<0
23307792
Mu2= 24909857
c=

279367
175
248
9.466
24349
12.716
25.431
2100000
0.0035
125
7
7

c=

-278.67

X=
Ts'=

-2.342
372827

kg/cm2
cm

cm
cm
cm

29512
93460
76294
3000 kgf/cm2
(Spec >295 N/mm2)
227421 kgf

29512
-Ts-N =
-210255
- *d2 =
-654222
9.466
-2.342
233.078 tf.m
148.409 tf.m
ok

d2

d1
Max Bar Area As max =
Min Bar Area As min =

602.50 cm2
16.22 cm2

(a) Tensile Bar


Required Bar Area
Apply =
Column width
Bar Area

As req=
25

b=
As =

(b) Compressive Bar


Required Bar Area
Apply =
Column width
Bar Area

As' req=
25

b=
As' =

(c ) Hoop Bar
' min =
Minimum Diameter
' =
Apply
Bar Interval shall satisfy the following conditions:
<=
d =
12* =
<=
Bar Interval: t mm
48* '
<=
then

t=

-10.707
200
125
30.680

cm2
mm
cm2
cm2

0.000
200
125
30.680

cm2
mm
cm2
cm2

585.28 cm2
16.22 cm2

25

ok

25
ok

25.431
200
248
60.868

cm2
mm
cm2
cm2

ok

12.716
200
248
60.868

cm2
mm
cm2
cm2

ok

12 mm
16 mm

12 mm
16 mm

2410 mm
300 mm
768 mm

1180 mm
300 mm
768 mm

200 mm

ok

200 mm

ok

7) Checking of Allowable Stress, Seismic Condition


(a) Tensile Bar Only
Mf
S
s =
c =
m =

172.301
34.718
2465.95
30.45
1.220
0.00102
0.16496
0.94501

Mf/(As*j*d)
2*Mf/(k*j*b*d^2)
S/(b*j*d)
p=As/(b*d)
k={(n*p)^2+2*n*p}^0.5 - n*p
j= 1-k/3
b

x=kd
h

b=
d=
n=

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

ok
ok
ok

125 cm
241 cm
16

191.545
34.718
2884.99
52.90
1.283
0.00208
0.22685
0.92438

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

check
ok
ok

248 cm
118 cm
16

As
d1
(b) Tensile Bar & Compressive Bar
Mf
S
c =
s =
s' =
m =

172.301
34.718
27.72
2447.58
359.57
1.210
0.00102
0.00102
0.15342
0.08561
0.952107

Mf/(b*d^2*Lc)
n*c*(1-k)/k
n*c*(k-d2/d)/k
S/(b*j*d)
p=As/(bd)
p'=As'/(bd)
k={n^2(p+p')^2+2n(p+p'*d2/d)}^05-n(p+p')
Lc=(1/2)k(1-k/3)+(np'/k)(k-d2/d)(1-d2/d)
j=(1-d2/d)+k^2/{2*n*p*(1-k)}*(d2/d-k/3)
b
d2

As'

x=kd

b=
d2=
d=
n=

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

ok
ok
ok
ok

125 cm
7 cm
241 cm
16

191.545
34.718
46.70
2859.10
533.25
1.272
0.00208
0.00208
0.20719
0.11878
0.932754

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

ok
check
ok
ok

248 cm
7 cm
118 cm
16

As
d1

7 Check for stress of concrete and reinforcement bar


Case I
Height of section
Effective width
Concrete cover
Reinforcement bar
Morment
Axcis force
Shearing force
Yong modulu ratio

h
b
d'
As
As'
M
N
S
n
c

cm
cm
cm
cm2
cm2
kgf cm
kgf
kgf

Normal
248
125
7
30.68
30.68
0
360801
0
24
117.000

Case II
Seismic
248
125
7
30.68
30.68
17230146
227421
34718
16
117.000

Normal
125
248
7
60.87
60.87
0
360801
0
24
55.500

Seismic
125
248
7
60.87
60.87
19154490
227421
34718
16
55.500

0.000

75.763

0.000

84.225

a1
b1
c1
x

-372.000
0.052
-967631
379.34458857
89292.085869
Check

-144.711
3570.308
-1087804
164.7969
46072.2
Check

-187.500
0.053
-217736
193.83029
20104.182
Check

65.174
3969.083
-393226
45.687967
19525.543
Check

a2
b2
b3
b4
b5
b6
c
s
s'
c

23709.037
-2.448
227.101
372.345
227.101
-138.345
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000

10299.806
69.068
348.508
157.797
348.508
76.203
21.73
160.77
332.91
1.210

24034.956
-2.110
418.298
186.830
418.298
-75.830
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000

5665.308
47.271
1183.081
38.688
1183.081
72.312
47.99
1215.32
650.21
1.272

ok
ok
ok
ok

ok
ok
ok
ok

ok
ok
ok
ok

ok
ok
ok
ok

SUMMARY OF DESIGN CALCULATION, PIER BODY


Description
Calculation Condition

Abbr.

Principle Dimensions
Concrete Design Strength
Effective width of section, Bw
Height of Section
Concrete Cover (tensile)
Concrete Cover (compressive)
Effective height of Section
Allowable Stress

unit

Case I
Normal Condition
Rectangular Beam

Seismic Condition
Column

Case II
Normal Condition
Rectangular Beam

Seismic Condition
Column

c
b
h
d1
d2
d
ca
sa
ma
sy

kgf/m2
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/cm2

Required
Designed

As req.
As

cm2
cm2

0.00
30.68 D25@200

-10.71
30.68 D25@200

0.00
60.87 D25@200

25.44
60.87 D25@200

Compressive Bar

Required
Designed

As' req.
As'

cm2
cm2

0.00
30.68 D25@200

0.00
30.68 D25@200

0.00
60.87 D25@200

12.72
60.87 D25@200

Hoop Bar

Designed

Aso

Concrete
Re-Bar
Shearing

Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar


Reinforcement Bar
Tensile Bar

Design Load
Design Bending Moment
Design Axis Force
Shearing Force
Checking of Minimum Re-Bar
Cracking Moment
1.7*Mf
1.7*Mf < Mc ? If no, check Mu
Ultimate Bending Moment
Mu > Mc ?
Max Re-bar
Min Re-bar
Required Bar
Area of Re-bar for Design
Checking of Allowable Stress as Rectangular Beam
Young's Modulus Ratio
Effective height
Compressive Stress
Bending Tensile Stress
Mean Shearing Stress
Checking of Allowable Stress as Column
Compressive Stress
Bending Stress
Shearing Stress

175
125
248
7
241
60
1850
5.5
3000

175
125
248
7
241
90
2775
8.25
3000

175
248
125
7
118
60
1850
5.5
3000

175
248
125
7
118
90
2775
8.25
3000

D16@200

D16@200

Mf
Nd
S

tf.m
tf
tf

0.000
360.801
0.000

172.301
227.421
34.718

0.000
360.801
0.000

191.545
227.421
34.718

Mc

tf.m

349.574
0.000
ok

294.444
292.912
ok

176.197
0.000
ok

Mu

tf.m

As max
As min
As req.
As

cm2
cm2
cm2
cm2

602.50
5.63
0.00
61.36

602.50
16.22
-10.71
61.36

585.28
11.16
0.00
121.74

148.409
325.626
check Mu
233.078
ok
585.28
16.22
38.16
121.74

n
d
c
s
s'
m

cm
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

24
241
0.00 ok
0.00 ok
0.000 ok

c
s
s'
m

kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000

ok
ok
ok
ok

16
241

21.73
160.77
332.91
1.210

24
118
0.00 ok
0.00 ok
0.000 ok

ok
ok
ok
ok

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000

ok
ok
ok
ok

16
118

47.99
1215.32
650.21
1.272

ok
ok
ok
ok

STRUCTURAL CALCULATION, PEIR BODY


Section B - B

1 Load and Bending Moment of Peir Body


Case 1 (parallel to bridge axis)

Case II (perpendicular to bridge axis)

1.65

3.25

1.25

0.25

0.20

2.75

0.25

0.20
0.75

+ 79.00

+ 79.00
1

0.60

2
0.40
10.80

0.25

0.20

9.80

+ 78.00

10.20
3
9.00
1.25
+ 69.00
+ 68.20

0.80

Dimensions
B2
0.20

B3
0.20

Seismic Coefficient

B5
1.25

soil

H1
10.80

kh=

H2
10.20

0.18

H5
0.60

unit:m
ho
9.80

H6
0.40

stryctur

kh=

0.18

1) Normal condition (Case I-1 and II-1)


N=
Rd + Rl
+
Dead load (1, 2, 3)
= 275.924
+
84.877
= 360.801 t
H=
0.000 t
M=
0.000 t m
2) Seismic
Case I-2
N=
=
=
H=
M=
Case II-2
N=
H=
M=

Rd
+
142.544
+
227.421 t
42.768 t
373.321 t m

Dead load (1, 2, 3)


84.877
Horizontal
Load
t
25.658
15.280
1.830
42.768

Item
He
Dead load x Kh
Dynamic water pressure P
Total

227.421 t
42.768 t
392.565 t m

Case I-2
Distance
Y
m
10.800
5.662
5.300

Moment
My
t.m
277.106
86.517
9.699
373.321

Case II-2
Distance
Y
m
11.550
5.662
5.300

Moment
My
t.m
296.349
86.517
9.699
392.565

2 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar


1) Effective section
2.48

Design

d2 / 4

Calculation
Therefore

bh

Case I

b=
h=

1.25 m
2.48 m

Case II

b=
h=

2.48 m
1.25 m

1.25

0.625

bh =

3.1022 m4
3.1022 m4

0.625
1.5
2.75

3 Summary of Intersectional Force


Description
Case I
Case II

Normal Condition
Moment
Load
Shearing
M (tfm)
N (tf)
S (tf)
0.00
360.80
0.00
0.00
360.80
0.00

Seismic Condition
Moment
Load
Shearing
M (tfm)
N (tf)
S (tf)
373.32
227.42
42.77
392.56
227.42
42.77

14/37

341444859.xls, Body

4 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar as Rectangular Beam, Normal Condition


1) Cracking Moment
Mc=

Case I

Zc*('ck + N/Ac)

where, Mc
Zc

Mc=
=

Cracking Moment
Section Modulus
Zc=b*h1^2/6
b=125 cm
Tensile strength of Concrete (bending)
'ck = 0.5*ck^(2/3)
ck=
175 kgf/cm2
Axial force (kg)
Area of Concrete = b*h1
thickness of section

'ck

N
Ac
h1
b

Case II

34957421 kgf.cm/m
350 tf.m/m
kgf.cm
1281333 cm3

17619668 kgf.cm/m
176 tf.m/m
kgf.cm
b=248 cm

645833 cm3

16 kgf/cm2
360801
31000
248
125

16 kgf/cm2

kgf
cm2
cm
cm

360801
31000
125
248

kgf
cm2
cm
cm

2) Checking of Cracking Moment and Design Bending Moment


Design Bending Moment Mf
Check Mf & Mc

0.000 tf.m/m

0.000 tf.m/m

1.7*Mf>Mc?, if yes check ultimate bending moment


1.7*Mf =
0.000 tf.m
Mc=
349.574 tf.m
1.7*Mf>Mc?
No, no need to check ultimate bending moment

0.000 tf.m
176.197 tf.m
No, no need to check ultimate bending moment

3) Ultimate Bending Moment


Mu=As* sy{d-(1/2)*[As* sy]/[0.85* ck*b]}
where,
Mu
As
sy
d

'ck
b

Mu=
=

0 kgf.cm
0.000 tf.m

Mu=
=

0 kgf.cm
0.000 tf.m

Ultimate Bending Moment


Area of Tensile Bar
Yielding point of Tensile Bar
Effective height = h1-cover
cover d1=
7 cm
h1=
248.0 cm,
125.0 cm
Design Compressive Strength of Concrete
Effective Width

tf.m
cm2
3000 kgf/cm2
241 cm

175 kgf/cm2
125 cm

175 kgf/cm2
248 cm

As=Mf/( sa*j*d)
sa=
Allowable Stress Rbar
j= 1 -k/3 (=8/9 )
or k = n/{n+ sa/ ca)
n= Young's modulus ratio
ca
Allowable Stress Concrete

0.000 cm2
1850 kgf/cm2
0.854

0.000 cm2
1850 kgf/cm2
0.854

24
60 kgf/cm2

24
60 kgf/cm2

Check Mu & Mc

Mu =
Mc =
Mu>Mc?

tf.m
cm2
3000 kgf/cm2
118 cm

(Spec >295 N/mm2)

0.000 tf.m
349.574 tf.m
not applicable

(Spec >295 N/mm2)

Mu =
0.000 tf.m
Mc =
176.197 tf.m
not applicable

4) Bar Arrangement
Checking of Single or Double bar arrangement
M1= (d/Cs)^2*sa*b >Mf?
where, M1
Cs
s
m
sa
ca
n

M1= 81422113.06 kgf.cm


=
814.221 tf.m

Resistance moment
={2m/[s*(1-s/3)]}^(1/2)
(n*ca)/(n*ca+sa)
sa/ca

38727010 kgf.cm
387.270 tf.m

12.8436
0.4377
30.8333
1850 kgf/cm2
60 kgf/cm2
24

Check M1 > Mf?

12.8436
0.4377
30.8333
1850 kgf/cm2
60 kgf/cm2
24

M1=
814.221 tf.m
Mf=
0.000 tf.m
M1>Mf: Design Tensile Bar Only

387.270 tf.m
0.000 tf.m
M1>Mf: Design Tensile Bar Only

(a) Tensile Bar


Max Bar Area As max =
Min Bar Area As min =
Required Bar Area
Apply =
Required Bar Nos
Bar Area

0.02*b*d =
b*4.5%=
As req=
25
@
Nos=b/pitch =
As =

602.50
5.63
0
100
12.500

61.359 cm2

Mrs=sa*As2(d-d2)

cm2
cm2
cm2
mm
nos
ok

Mrs=
27356060 kgf.cm
=
273.561 tf.m
where, Mrs
Resistance Mooment by tensile bar As2
As2= As-As1=As - M1/{sa*(1-s/3)*d}
As2=
61.357
sa=
1850
d
d=
241
d2=
0
d1

15/37

25

585.28
11.16
0
100
24.800

@
121.737 cm2

cm2
cm2
cm2
mm
nos
ok

Mrs= 26574672 kgf.cm


=
265.747 tf.m

As2=
sa=
d=
d2=

121.735
1850
118
0

341444859.xls, Body

(b) Compressive Bar, in case M1<Mf


M' = Mf - M1=sa*As'*(d - d2)
As' = M'/[sa*(d - d2)]

d2

d1
Required Bar Area
Apply =
Bar Area

M'=
As'=
M1=
Mf=

0.000
0.000
814.221
0.000

d=
d2=
sa=

241
0
1850
0
@
61.359

As' req=
25
As' =

tf.m
cm2
tf.m
tf.m

0.000
0.000
387.270
0.000

tf.m
cm2
tf.m
tf.m

cm
cm
kgf/cm2
cm2
100 mm
cm2
ok

118
0
1850
0
@
121.737

cm
cm
kgf/cm2
cm2
100 mm
cm2
ok

0.000
0.000
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00416
0.35803
0.88066

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

25

5) Checking of Allowable Stress


(a) Tensile Bar Only
Mf
S
s =
c =
m =

0.000
0.000
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00204
0.26759
0.91080

Mf/(As*j*d)
2*Mf/(k*j*b*d^2)
S/(b*j*d)
p=As/(b*d)
k={(n*p)^2+2*n*p}^0.5 - n*p
j= 1-k/3
b

b=
d=
n=

x=kd
h

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

ok
ok
ok

125 cm
241 cm
24

ok
ok
ok

248 cm
118 cm
24

d
As
d1

(b) Tensile Bar & Compressive Bar


Mf
S
c =
s =
s' =
m =

0.000
0.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.002037
0.002037
0.229839
0.154999
0.946251

Mf/(b*d^2*Lc)
n*c*(1-k)/k
n*c*(k-d2/d)/k
S/(b*j*d)
p=As/(bd)
p'=As'/(bd)
k={n^2(p+p')^2+2n(p+p'*d2/d)}^05-n(p+p')
Lc=(1/2)k(1-k/3)+(np'/k)(k-d2/d)(1-d2/d)
j=(1-d2/d)+k^2/{2*n*p*(1-k)}*(d2/d-k/3)
b=
d2=
d=
n=

b
d2

As'

x=kd

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

0.000
0.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.004160
0.004160
0.289760
0.230725
0.942818

ok
ok
ok
ok

125 cm
0 cm
241 cm
24

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

ok
ok
ok
ok

248 cm
0 cm
118 cm
24

As
d1

5 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar as Column, Seismic Condition


1) Minimum Area as Column

Case I

Acmin = N/(0.008sa+ca)
where, sa
ca
N

Acmin =

Allowable stress of Reinforcement bar


Allowable stress of Concrete
Axial force

check: Ac (design) = b*h>Acmin?

Case II

2026.929 cm2

2026.929 cm2

2775 kgf/m2
90 kgf/m2
227.421 tf

b*c=

31000

>

2775 kgf/m2
90 kgf/m2
227.421 tf
Acmin

ok

31000

>

Acmin

ok

2) Cracking Moment
Mc=

Zc*('ck + N/Ac)

where, Mc
Zc

'ck

N
Ac
h

=
=

Cracking Moment
Section Modulus
Zc=b*h2^2/6
b=
Tensile strength of Concrete (bending)
'ck = 0.5*ck^(2/3)
ck=
Axial force
Area of Concrete = b*h2
thickness of section

29444381 kgf.cm
294.444 tf.m
kgf.cm
1281333.333 cm3
125 cm
15.643
175
227.421
31000
248

14840918 kgf.cm
148.409 tf.m
kgf.cm
645833.33 cm3
248 cm

kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
tf
cm2
cm

15.643
175
227.421
31000
125

kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
tf
cm2
cm

Minimum Reifircement Bar


(a) As a beam
(b) As a column

As min = b(m)*4.5 cm2


As min=0.008*Ac min

As min=
As min=

5.63 cm2
16.22 cm2

As min=
As min=

11.16 cm2
16.22 cm2

Maximum Reinforcement Bar


(a) As a beam
(b) As a column

As max = 0.002*b*d
As max = 0.006*Ac

As max=
As max=

602.50 cm2
1860.00 cm2

As max=
As max=

585.28 cm2
1860.00 cm2

16/37

341444859.xls, Body

3) Checking of Cracking Moment and Design Bending Moment


Design Bending Moment Mf
Check Mf & Mc

373.321 tf.m

4) Checking of Required Reinforcement Bar

sa
Ms
e
M
N
n
c
h
b
d1
d
s

667.360 tf.m
148.409 tf.m
yes, check ultimate bending moment

Compute under eccentric load condition

As={[c*(s/2)-N/(b*d)]/sa}*b*d
where,
c

392.565 tf.m

1.7*Mf>Mc?, if yes check ultimate bending moment


1.7*Mf =
634.646 tf.m
Mc=
294.444 tf.m
1.7*Mf>Mc?
yes, check ultimate bending moment

As=

23.632 cm2

97.798 cm2

c=
Stress of concrete
68.619 kg.cm2
solve the equation Eq1 below
Eq1 = c^3 + [3*sa/(2*n)-3*Ms/(b*d^2)]*c^2 - 6*Ms/(n*b*d^2)*sa*c - 3*Ms/(n^2*b*d^2)*sa^2 = 0
sa =
Allowable stress of Reinforcement Bar
2775 kg.cm2
Eccentric Moment, Ms=N(e+c)
Ms= 63940416.79 kgf.cm
Essentric Distance e=M/N
e=
164.154 cm
Bending Moment
M=
373.321 tf.m
Axial Force
N=
227.421 tf
Young's Modulus Ratio
n=
16
c=h/2 - d1
c=
117.0 cm
Height of Section
h=
248.0 cm
Width of section
b=
125.0 cm
Concrete Cover
d1=
7.0 cm
Effective Width of section d=h-d1
d=
241.0 cm
s=n*c/(n*c+sa)
s=
0.283
[3*sa/(2*n)-3*Ms/(b*d^2)]=
6*Ms/(n*b*d^2)*sa=
3*Ms/(n^2*b*d^2)*sa^2=

95.805 kg.cm2

2775
51878346
172.616
392.565
227.421
16
55.5
125.0
248.0
7.0
118.0
0.356

233.74
9164.86
794765

kg.cm2
kgf.cm
cm
tf.m
tf
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm

215.09
15633.80
1355744

c (trial)=
68.61883
Eq1 (trial)= -2.2E-009 ok
cross check
0 ok

c (trial)= 95.804976
Eq1 (trial)= -0.000585 ok
cross check -0.000585 ok

5) Ultimate Bending Moment


Mu=c*(h/2-0.4X)+Ts'(h/2-d2)+Ts(h/2-d1)
Mu=min(Mu1,Mu2)

where,
Mu
c
ck
b
X
Ts'
As'
As
Es
cu
h
d1
d2

Mu=
=

45176618 kgf.cm
451.766 tf.m
in case X>0
in case X<0
Mu1= 45176618.29
Mu2= 47430846

Ultimate Bending Moment (tf.m)


0.68*ck*b*X
design strength of Concrete
Width of section
solve the equation Eq2 below
As'*Es*cu*(X-d2)/X
Compressive Bar As'=0.5 As
Required Reinforcement Bar (Tensile)
Young's modulus (reinforcement bar)
Creep strain coefficient (concrete)
Height of Section
Concrete Cover (tensile side)
Concrete Cover (compressive side)

c=
ck=
b=
X=
Ts'=
As'=
As=
Es=
cu=
h=
d1=
d2=

Equation Eq2
*X^2 + (-Ts-N)*X-*d2=0

0.68*ck*b

As'*Es*cu
As*sy
Ts
sy
Yielding point of Tensile Bar
N
Axial Force
put a,b,c as follows

then,

247942
175
125
16.668
50374.981
11.816
23.632
2100000
0.0035
248
7
7

c=

-291.78

48749237 kgf.cm
487.492 tf.m
in case X>0
in case X<0
48749237
Mu2= 56434654
c=

kg/cm2
cm
X=
Ts'=

-2.452
###

cm
cm
cm

=
14875
=
86847
Ts=
70896
sy=
3000 kgf/cm2
(Spec >295 N/mm2)
N=
227421 kgf
a=
14875
b= -Ts-N =
-211470
c= - *d2 =
-607929

X= (-b+(b^2-4ac)^0.2)/(2*a)
X= (-b-(b^2-4ac)^0.2)/(2*a)

X=
X=

Check Mc & Mu

Mu=
Mc=
Mu>Mc ?

364889
175
248
12.364
155927
48.899
97.798
2100000
0.0035
125
7
7

c=

-820.49

X=
Ts'=

-6.895
724297

kg/cm2
cm

cm
cm
cm

29512
359408
293394
3000 kgf/cm2
(Spec >295 N/mm2)
227421 kgf

29512
-Ts-N =
-161408
- *d2 =
-2515858

16.668
-2.452

12.364
-6.895

451.766 tf.m
294.444 tf.m
ok

487.492 tf.m
148.409 tf.m
ok

6) Bar Arrangement
d

d2

d1
Max Bar Area As max =
Min Bar Area As min =
(a) Tensile Bar
Required Bar Area
Apply =
Column width
Bar Area

602.50 cm2
16.22 cm2
As req=
25
b=
As =

23.632
100
125
61.359

17/37

cm2
mm
cm2
cm2

585.28 cm2
16.22 cm2

25
ok

97.798
100
248
121.737

cm2
mm
cm2
cm2

ok

341444859.xls, Body

(b) Compressive Bar


Required Bar Area
Apply =
Column width
Bar Area

As' req=
25

b=
As' =

11.816
100
125
61.359

(c ) Hoop Bar
' min =
Minimum Diameter
' =
Apply
Bar Interval shall satisfy the following conditions:
<=
d =
12* =
Bar Interval: t mm
<=
48* '
<=
then

t=

cm2
mm
cm2
cm2

25

ok

48.899
100
248
121.737

cm2
mm
cm2
cm2

12 mm
16 mm

12 mm
16 mm

2410 mm
300 mm
768 mm

1180 mm
300 mm
768 mm

200 mm

ok

200 mm

ok

ok

7) Checking of Allowable Stress, Seismic Condition


(a) Tensile Bar Only
Mf
S
s =
c =
m =

373.321
42.768
2729.04
49.46
1.535
0.00204
0.22478
0.92507

Mf/(As*j*d)
2*Mf/(k*j*b*d^2)
S/(b*j*d)
p=As/(b*d)
k={(n*p)^2+2*n*p}^0.5 - n*p
j= 1-k/3
b

x=kd
h

b=
d=
n=

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

392.565
42.768
3041.30
83.15
1.626
0.00416
0.30432
0.89856

ok
ok
ok

125 cm
241 cm
16

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

check
ok
ok

248 cm
118 cm
16

As
d1
(b) Tensile Bar & Compressive Bar
Mf
S
c =
s =
s' =
m =

373.321
42.768
42.41
2682.88
580.98
1.509
0.00204
0.00204
0.20188
0.12124
0.940989

Mf/(b*d^2*Lc)
n*c*(1-k)/k
n*c*(k-d2/d)/k
S/(b*j*d)
p=As/(bd)
p'=As'/(bd)
k={n^2(p+p')^2+2n(p+p'*d2/d)}^05-n(p+p')
Lc=(1/2)k(1-k/3)+(np'/k)(k-d2/d)(1-d2/d)
j=(1-d2/d)+k^2/{2*n*p*(1-k)}*(d2/d-k/3)
b
d2

As'

x=kd

b=
d2=
d=
n=

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

392.565
42.768
67.06
2971.31
833.02
1.589
0.00416
0.00416
0.26530
0.16953
0.919729

ok
ok
ok
ok

125 cm
7 cm
241 cm
16

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

ok
check
ok
ok

248 cm
7 cm
118 cm
16

As
d1

7 Check for stress of concrete and reinforcement bar


Case I
Height of section
Effective width
Concrete cover
Reinforcement bar
Morment
Axcis force
Shearing force
Yong modulu ratio

Case II

Normal
248
125
7
61.36
61.36
0
360801
0
24
117.000
0.000

Seismic
248
125
7
61.36
61.36
37332115
227421
42768
16
117.000
164.154

Normal
125
248
7
121.74
121.74
0
360801
0
24
55.500
0.000

Seismic
125
248
7
121.74
121.74
39256459
227421
42768
16
55.500
172.616

a1
b1
c1
x

-372.000
0.104
-1935262
385.0524202
-7.3573E-005
ok

120.462
15471.310
-3208620
91.793196
2.02E-006
ok

-187.500
0.106
-435473
198.54629
8.27E-008
ok

330.347
16268.919
-1307130
41.32691
9.17E-008
ok

a2
b2
b3
b4
b5
b6
c
s
s'
c

24065.776
-4.351
447.469
378.052
447.469
-144.052
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000

5737.075
93.402
1251.355
84.793
1251.355
149.207
45.05
1171.65
665.84
1.509

24619.740
-3.682
816.725
191.546
816.725
-80.546
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000

5124.537
48.724
2615.853
34.327
2615.853
76.673
72.69
2157.78
966.05
1.589

h
b
d'
As
As'
M
N
S
n
c
e

cm
cm
cm
cm2
cm2
kgf cm
kgf
kgf

18/37

ok
ok
ok
ok

ok
ok
ok
ok

ok
ok
ok
ok

ok
ok
ok
ok

341444859.xls, Body

SUMMARY OF DESIGN CALCULATION, PIER BODY


Description
Calculation Condition

Abbr.

Principle Dimensions
Concrete Design Strength
Effective width of section, Bw
Height of Section
Concrete Cover (tensile)
Concrete Cover (compressive)
Effective height of Section
Allowable Stress

unit

Case I
Normal Condition
Rectangular Beam

Seismic Condition
Column

Case II
Normal Condition
Rectangular Beam

Seismic Condition
Column

c
b
h
d1
d2
d
ca
sa
ma
sy

kgf/m2
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/cm2

Required
Designed

As req.
As

cm2
cm2

0.00
61.36 D25@100

23.64
61.36 D25@100

0.00
121.74 D25@100

97.80
121.74 D25@100

Compressive Bar

Required
Designed

As' req.
As'

cm2
cm2

0.00
61.36 D25@100

11.82
61.36 D25@100

0.00
121.74 D25@100

48.90
121.74 D25@100

Hoop Bar

Designed

Aso

Concrete
Re-Bar
Shearing

Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar


Reinforcement Bar
Tensile Bar

Design Load
Design Bending Moment
Design Axis Force
Shearing Force
Checking of Minimum Re-Bar
Cracking Moment
1.7*Mf
1.7*Mf < Mc ? If no, check Mu
Ultimate Bending Moment
Mu > Mc ?
Max Re-bar
Min Re-bar
Required Bar
Area of Re-bar for Design
Checking of Allowable Stress as Rectangular Beam
Young's Modulus Ratio
Effective height
Compressive Stress
Bending Tensile Stress
Mean Shearing Stress
Checking of Allowable Stress as Column
Compressive Stress
Bending Stress
Shearing Stress

175
125
248
7
241
60
1850
5.5
3000

175
125
248
7
241
90
2775
8.25
3000

175
248
125
7
118
60
1850
5.5
3000

175
248
125
7
118
90
2775
8.25
3000

D16@200

D16@200

Mf
Nd
S

tf.m
tf
tf

0.000
360.801
0.000

373.321
227.421
42.768

0.000
360.801
0.000

392.565
227.421
42.768

Mc

tf.m

349.574
0.000
ok

176.197
0.000
ok

Mu

tf.m

As max
As min
As req.
As

cm2
cm2
cm2
cm2

294.444
634.646
check Mu
451.766
ok
602.50
16.22
35.46
122.72

148.409
667.360
check Mu
487.492
ok
585.28
16.22
146.70
243.48

n
d
c
s
s'
m

cm
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

24
241
0.00 ok
0.00 ok
0.000 ok

c
s
s'
m

kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000

602.50
5.63
0.00
122.72

19/37

ok
ok
ok
ok

585.28
11.16
0.00
243.48

16
241

45.05
1171.65
665.84
1.509

24
118
0.00 ok
0.00 ok
0.000 ok

ok
ok
ok
ok

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000

ok
ok
ok
ok

16
118

72.69
2157.78
966.05
1.589

ok
ok
ok
ok

341444859.xls, Body

STRUCTURAL CALCULATION, FOOTING


1 Load and Bending Moment of Footing
1) Computation Conditions
Case 1 (parallel to bridge axis)
1.75

Case II (perpendicular to bridge axis)

1.25

1.75

2.25

0.40

0.80

0.40

0.40

4.75

7.25
875 mm

Normal
Seismic
0
Min

1125
11.95 tf/m2

1,028 mm
9.41

tf/m2

30.15 tf/m2
Max

Normal
Seismic
0
Min

11.95 tf/m2
1,210

ho
0.80

H3
0.30

Unit Weight of Material


Soil
Concrete
Surcharge Load q
q'= q seismic

1800
2400
0
0

19.24 tf/m2
Max

12.13 tf/m2

2,544 mm

Dimensions
HT
12.00

0.90

0.90

0.40

0.30

0.30

2.25
4

0.80

2.75

6,087 mm

H4
0.90

B4
1.75

kgf/m3
kgf/m3
kgf/m3
kgf/m3

1.80
2.40
0.00
0

B5
1.25

B6
0.40

BT
4.75

W4
2.25

W5
2.75

W6
0.40

unit:m
WT
7.25

tf/m3
tf/m3
tf/m3
tf/m3

2) Load
Volume
No.
Body

1
2
3

m3
0.426
1.218
11.419

sub-total
Soil

4
5
sub-total
Total
Distance l1

10.150
1.468

Case I
width =
Vertical Distance
Load
X
tf
m
1.022
0.200
2.924
0.850
27.405
0.875
31.352
2.00
20.300
0.875
2.00
2.936
1.300
23.236
54.588
0.884 m
l1 (X)
unit
weight
tf/m3
2.40
2.40
2.40

Buoyancy u
Volume under water level Vo
Vo =
12.6875
x
=
25.38 m3
Shearing force
S1 =
54.588
=
29.208 tf
Morment
M1 =
48.249
=
26.04 tf m

7.25 m
Moment
Mx
tf.m
0.204
2.485
23.979
26.669
17.763
3.817
21.580
48.249

Volume
No.
1
2
3
4
5
sub-total
Distance l1

m3
0.246
1.637
9.619
8.550
1.318

Case II
width =
4.75 m
Vertical Distance
Moment
Load
X
Mx
tf
m
tf.m
0.590
0.200
0.118
3.929
1.017
3.995
23.085
1.125
25.971
27.605
30.084
17.100
1.125
19.238
2.636
1.633
4.306
19.736
23.543
47.341
53.627
1.133 m
l1 (X)

2.00

Volume under water level Vo


Vo =
10.6875
x
=
21.38 m3

2.00

25.38

S1 =

21.38

53.627
29.57 tf m

21.380

=
25.380

0.875

M1 =
=

47.341
25.961 tf

1.125

3) Reaction from Foundation


Reaction from the Foundation
Normal
Case 1-1 Q
Case II-1 Q
Seismic
Case I- 2 Qmax
Qmin
Case II-2

Qmax
Qmin

Reaction from Foundation,


Normal Condition
Rat=
Q
Seismic Condition
Case 2-1
Reat=
Rea't=
Rmean =
Case 2-2
Reat=
Rea't=
Rmean =

11.95
11.95
30.15
9.41

tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2

19.24 tf/m2
12.13 tf/m2

Rat=

11.95 tf/m2

Cantilever length =B4=

1.75 m

Q
Q*(X-B4)/X
(Reat+Rea't) / 2

Reat=
Reat'=
Rmean =

30.15 tf/m2
9.41 tf/m2
19.78 tf/m2

Cantilever length =B4=

1.75 m

Q
Q*(X-B4)/X
(Reat+Rea't) / 2

Reat=
Reat'=
Rmean =

19.24 tf/m2
12.13 tf/m2
15.68 tf/m2

Cantilever length =W4=

2.25 m

20/37

341444859.xls, Footing

4) Intersectional Force due Reaction


Normal condtion
Case I
Shearing force
Morment

S1 =
M1 =

11.950
151.616

x
x

1.75
0.88

7.25

=
=

151.616 tf
132.664 tf m

Seismic condition
Case I-2
Shearing force
Morment

S2-1 =
M2-1 =

19.782
250.980

x
x

1.75
1.03

7.25

=
=

250.980 tf
257.975 tf m

Case II-2
Shearing force
Morment

S2-2 =
M2-2 =

15.683
167.608

x
x

2.25
1.21

4.75

=
=

167.608 tf
202.810 tf m

Normal Condition
Case 1-1
(up)
(down)
Moment Shearing Moment
M
S
M
(tf.m/m)
(tf/m)
(tf.m/m)
-26.041
-29.208
-26.041
132.664
151.616

Description

Buoyancy
Reaction
Total

106.622

122.408

-26.041

Seismic condition
Case I-2
(up)
(down)
Moment Shearing Moment
Ms
Ss
M
(tf.m/m)
(tf/m)
(tf.m/m)
-26.041
-29.208
-26.041
257.975
250.980

Description

Buoyancy
Reaction
Total

231.934

221.772

Normal Condition
Case II-1
(up)
(down)
Shearing Moment Shearing Moment
S
M
S
M
(tf/m)
(tf.m/m)
(tf/m)
(tf.m/m)
-29.208
-29.574
-25.961
-29.574
132.664
151.616
-29.208

103.089

125.655

-29.574

Seismic condition
Case II-2
(up)
(down)
Shearing Moment Shearing Moment
S
Ms
Ss
Ms
(tf/m)
(tf.m/m)
(tf/m)
(tf.m/m)
-29.208
-29.574
-25.961
-29.574
202.810
167.608

-26.041

-29.208

173.235

141.647

Shearing
S
(tf/m)
-25.961

-25.961

Shearing
Ss
(tf/m)
-25.961

-29.574

-25.961

5) Effective width
Case 1

Case II

1.25 m

1.5 m

1.20 m

1.10

3.45 m

0.10

3.7

Normal condition
Case I-1
Lower reinforcement bar
Mo =
4.750
x
3.450
So =
4.750
x
3.450
Upper reinforcementbar
Mo =
4.750
1.250
So =
4.750
1.250

106.622

146.799

tf m

122.408

168.533

tf

26.041

98.958

tf m

29.208

110.989

tf

Case II-1
Lower reinforcement bar
Mo =
7.250
x
3.700
So =
7.250
x
3.700
Upper reinforcementbar
Mo =
7.250
1.500
So =
7.250
1.500

103.089

201.999

tf m

125.655

246.215

tf

29.574

142.943

tf m

25.961

125.478

tf

173.235

339.448

tf m

141.647

277.552

tf

29.574

142.943

tf m

25.961

125.478

tf

Seismic condition
Case I-2
Lower reinforcement bar
Mo =
4.750
x
3.450
So =
4.750
x
3.450
Upper reinforcementbar
Mo =
4.750
1.250
So =
4.750
1.250

231.934

319.329

tf m

221.772

305.338

tf

26.041

98.958

tf m

29.208

110.989

tf

Case II-2
Lower reinforcement bar
Mo =
7.250
x
3.700
So =
7.250
x
3.700
Upper reinforcementbar
Mo =
7.250
1.500
So =
7.250
1.500

21/37

341444859.xls, Footing

5) Intersectional Force due Reaction


Axial Force = 0 tf/m
Case I (lower)
Normal Condition
Seismic Condition
Moment Shearing Moment Shearing
M
S
Ms
Ss
(tf.m/m)
(tf/m)
(tf.m/m)
(tf/m)
146.799
168.533
319.329
305.338
Case II (lower)
Normal Condition
Seismic Condition
Moment Shearing Moment Shearing
M
S
Ms
Ss
(tf.m/m)
(tf/m)
(tf.m/m)
(tf/m)
201.999
246.215
339.448
277.552

Description

Total

Description

Total

Case 1 (upper)
Normal Condition
Seismic Condition
Moment Shearing Moment Shearing
M
S
Ms
Ss
(tf.m/m)
(tf/m)
(tf.m/m)
(tf/m)
98.958
110.989
98.958
110.989
Case I (upper)
Normal Condition
Seismic Condition
Moment Shearing Moment Shearing
M
S
Ms
Ss
(tf.m/m)
(tf/m)
(tf.m/m)
(tf/m)
142.943
125.478
142.943
125.478
same as normal condition

2 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar (Case 1, Lower and Lower, Normal condition)
1) Cracking Moment
Mc=

Case I-1

Zc*('ck + N/Ac)

where, Mc
Zc

'ck

N
Ac
h1

Mc=

Cracking Moment
Section Modulus
Zc=b*h1^2/6

kgf.cm/m
tf.m/m
kgf.cm

cm3
b=
cm
Tensile strength of Concrete (bending)
'ck = 0.5*ck^(2/3)
kgf/cm2
ck=
kgf/cm2
Axial force (=0)
tf
Area of Concrete = b*h1
cm2
thickness of section, H4
cm

Case II-1

Lower
70590445
705.904

Upper
70590445
705.904

Lower
316
1644.503

Upper
316
1644.503

4512500
475

4512500
475

10512500
725

10512500
725

15.643
175
0
57000
120

15.643
175
0
57000
120

15.643
175
0
87000
120

15.643
175
0
87000
120

146.799

98.958

201.999

142.943

2) Checking of Cracking Moment and Design Bending Moment


Design Bending Moment Mf = max(M,Me)
Check Mf & Mc

tf.m/m

1.7*Mf>Mc?, if "Yes", check ultimate bending moment, if "No", no need to check ultimate bending moment.

1.7*Mf =
Mc=

tf.m
tf.m
1.7*Mf>Mc?

249.558
705.904
No

168.228
705.904
No

343.398
1644.503
No

243.004
1644.503
No

27417246
274.172

18596113
185.961

37788454
377.885

26876794
268.768

3000
110
10
120

3000
114
6
120

3000
110
10
120

3000
114
6
120

175
475

175
475

175
725

175
725

54.937

116.218

79.355

1850
0.854

1850
0.854

1850
0.854

24
60

24
60

24
60

3) Ultimate Bending Moment


Mu=As* sy{d-(1/2)*[As* sy]/[0.85* ck*b]}
where, Mu
As
sy
d

'ck
b

j= 1 -k/3
or

Check Mu & Mc

kgf.cm
tf.m
Ultimate Bending Moment
tf.m
Area of Tensile Bar
cm2
Yielding point of Tensile Bar
kgf/cm2
Effective height = h1-cover
cm
cover d1=
cm
h1=
cm
Design Compressive Strength of Concrete
kgf/cm2
Effective Width
cm

As=Mf/( sa*j*d)
cm2
84.459
sa=
Allowable Stress Rbar
kgf/cm2
1850
(=8/9 )
0.854
k = n/{n+ sa/ ca)
n= Young's modulus ratio
24
ca
Allowable Stress Concrete
60
kgf/cm2
Mu =
tf.m
274.172
Mc =
tf.m
705.904
Mu>Mc?
not applicable

185.961
705.904
not applicable

377.885
1644.503
not applicable

268.768
1644.503
not applicable

64458063
644.581

69231156
692.312

98383359
983.834

606
1056.686

12.8436
0.4377
30.8333
1850
60
24

12.8436
0.4377
30.8333
1850
60
24

12.8436
0.4377
30.8333
1850
60
24

12.8436
0.4377
30.8333
1850
60
24

983.834
0.000
Yes

1056.686
0.000
Yes

4) Bar Arrangement
Checking of Single or Double bar arrangement
M1= (d/Cs)^2*sa*b >Mf?
where, M1
Cs
s
m
sa
ca
n
Check M1 & Mf

M1=
=
Resistance moment
={2m/[s*(1-s/3)]}^(1/2)
(n*ca)/(n*ca+sa)
sa/ca

kgf.cm/m
tf.m/m

kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

M1>Mf?, if "Yes", design tensile bar only, if "No", design tensile + compressive bars.
M1=
Mf=

tf.m
tf.m
M1 > Mf?

644.581
146.799
Yes

22/37

692.312
98.958
Yes

341444859.xls, Footing

(a) Tensile Bar


Max Bar Area As max =
Min Bar Area As min =
Required Bar Area
Apply =

0.02*b*d = cm2
b*4.5%= cm2
As req= cm2
@ mm
Nos=b/pitch = nos
As =
cm2

Required Bar Nos


Bar Area

1045.0
21.4
84.459
22
150
31.667
120.375 ok

Mrs=sa*As2(d-d2)

Mrs=
kgf.cm
24495631
=
tf.m
244.956
where, Mrs
Resistance Moment by tensile bar As2
As2= As-As1=As - M1/{sa*(1-s/3)*d}
As2=
120.372
sa=
1850
d
d=
110
d2=
0
d1

1083.0
21.4
54.937
22
300
15.833
60.188 ok

1595.0
32.6
116.218
22
150
48.333
183.731 ok

1653.0
32.6
79.355
22
300
24.167
91.865 ok

12692430
126.924

37388068
373.881

19374414
193.744

60.182
1850
114
0

183.725
1850
110
0

91.865
1850
114
0

0.000
0.000
692.312
98.958

0.000
0.000
983.834
0.000

0.000
0.000
1056.686
0.000

(b) Compressive Bar, in case M1<Mf


M' = Mf - M1=sa*As'*(d - d2)
As' = M'/[sa*(d - d2)]

M'=
As'=
M1=
Mf=
d2

d1
Required Bar Area
Apply =
Bar Area

tf.m
cm2
tf.m
tf.m

d=
d2=
sa=
As' req=

cm
cm
kgf/cm2
cm2
mm
@
mm
As' = cm2

0.000
0.000
644.581
146.799
110
0
1850
0.000
22
300
60.188 ok

114
0
1850
0.000
22
150
120.375 ok

110
0
1850
0.000
22
300
91.865 ok

114
0
1850
0.000
22
150
183.731 ok

146.799
168.533
1223.59 ok
20.01 ok
3.560 ok
0.00230
0.28182
0.90606

98.958
110.989
1548.48 ok
16.72 ok
2.201 ok
0.00111
0.20584
0.93139

201.999
246.215
1103.11 ok
18.04 ok
3.407 ok
0.00230
0.28182
0.90606

142.943
125.478
1465.47 ok
15.83 ok
1.630 ok
0.00111
0.20584
0.93139

475
110
24

475
114
24

725
110
24

725
114
24

146.799
168.533
17.46
1193.89
419.02
3.474

98.958
110.989
12.23
1491.82
293.56
2.120

201.999
246.215
15.74
1076.33
377.76
3.325

142.943
125.478
11.58
1411.85
277.82
1.570

5) Checking of Allowable Stress


(a) Tensile Bar Only
Mf
S
s =
c =
m =

max(S,Ss)
Mf/(As*j*d)
kgf/cm2
2*Mf/(k*j*b*d^2)
kgf/cm2
S/(b*j*d)
kgf/cm2
p=As/(b*d)
k={(n*p)^2+2*n*p}^0.5 - n*p
j= 1-k/3
b

tf.m/m
tf/m
check s < sa ?
check c < ca ?
check m < a ?

b= cm
d= cm
n=

x=kd
h

d
As
d1

(b) Tensile Bar & Compressive Bar


Mf
S
c =
s =
s' =
m =

Mf/(b*d^2*Lc)
n*c*(1-k)/k
n*c*(k-d2/d)/k
S/(b*j*d)

kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

tf.m
tf
check c < ca ?
check s < sa ?
check s' < sa ?
check m < a ?

p=As/(bd)
p'=As'/(bd)
k={n^2(p+p')^2+2n(p+p'*d2/d)}^05-n(p+p')
Lc=(1/2)k(1-k/3)+(np'/k)(k-d2/d)(1-d2/d)
j=(1-d2/d)+k^2/{2*n*p*(1-k)}*(d2/d-k/3)
b
d2

As'

x=kd

b= cm
d= cm
d2= cm
n=

ok
ok
ok
ok

ok
ok
ok
ok

ok
ok
ok
ok

0.00230
0.00115
0.25979
0.14629
0.92860

0.00111
0.00222
0.16442
0.13106
0.96676

0.00230
0.00115
0.25979
0.14629
0.92860

0.00111
0.00222
0.16442
0.13106
0.96676

475
110
0
24

475
114
0
24

725
110
0
24

725
114
0
24

ok
ok
ok
ok

As
d1

23/37

341444859.xls, Footing

3 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar ( Case I, Case II, Lower and upper, Seismic Conditions)
Case I-2
1) Cracking Moment
Mc=

Lower

Zc*('ck + N/Ac)

where, Mc
Zc

Mc= kgf.cm/m
tf.m/m
kgf.cm

Cracking Moment
Section Modulus
Zc=b*h1^2/6
cm3
b=
cm
Tensile strength of Concrete (bending)
'ck = 0.5*ck^(2/3)
kgf/cm2
ck=
kgf/cm2
Axial force (=0)
tf
Area of Concrete = b*h1
cm2
thickness of section, H4
cm

'ck

N
Ac
h1

Case II-2
Upper

Lower

Upper

58825371
588.254

58825371
588.254

930
1370.419

930
1370.419

3760417
475

3760417
475

8760417
725

8760417
725

15.64
175
0
57000
120

15.64
175
0
57000
120

15.64
175
0
87000
120

15.64
175
0
87000
120

319.329

98.958

339.448

142.943

2) Checking of Cracking Moment and Design Bending Moment


Design Bending Moment Mf =
Check Mf & Mc
1.7*Mf =
Mc=

tf.m/m

1.7*Mf>Mc?, if "Yes", check ultimate bending moment, if "No", no need to check ultimate bending moment.
tf.m
542.860
168.228
577.061
tf.m
588.254
588.254
1370.419
1.7*Mf>Mc?
No
No
No

243.004
1370.419
No

3) Ultimate Bending Moment


Mu=As* sy{d-(1/2)*[As* sy]/[0.85* ck*b]}

kgf.cm
tf.m

38071026
380.710

where,
Mu
As
sy
d

Ultimate Bending Moment


tf.m
Area of Tensile Bar
cm2
Yielding point of Tensile Bar
kgf/cm2
3000
Effective height = h1-cover
cm
110
cover d1=
cm
10
h1=
cm
120
'ck Design Compressive Strength of Concrete
kgf/cm2
175
b
Effective Width
cm
475
As=Mf/( sa*j*d)
cm2
118.057
sa=
Allowable Stress Rbar
kgf/cm2
2775
j= 1 -k/3 (=8/9 )
0.886
or k = n/{n+ sa/ ca)
n= Young's modulus ratio
16
ca
Allowable Stress Concrete
90
kgf/cm2
Check Mu & Mc
Mu =
tf.m
380.710
Mc =
tf.m
588.254
Mu>Mc?
not applicable
4) Bar Arrangement

11993607
119.936

40755988
407.560

17330798
173.308

3000
114
6
120
175
475
35.301
2775
0.886

3000
110
10
120
175
725
125.494
2775
0.886

3000
114
6
120
175
725
50.992
2775
0.886

16
90

16
90

16
90

119.936
588.254
not applicable

407.560
1370.419
not applicable

173.308
1370.419
not applicable

Checking of Single or Double bar arrangement


M1= (d/Cs)^2*sa*b >Mf?

M1= kgf.cm/m
tf.m/m
Resistance moment
={2m/[s*(1-s/3)]}^(1/2)
(n*ca)/(n*ca+sa)
sa/ca
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

where, M1
Cs
s
m
sa
ca
n
Check M1 & Mf

78297777
782.978

84095695
840.957

134
1195.071

588
1283.566

14.2724
0.3416
30.8333
2775
90
16

14.2724
0.3416
30.8333
2775
90
16

14.2724
0.3416
30.8333
2775
90
16

14.2724
0.3416
30.8333
2775
90
16

1195.071
339.448
Yes

1283.566
142.943
Yes

M1>Mf?, if "Yes", design tensile bar only, if "No", design tensile + compressive bars.
M1=
tf.m
782.978
840.957
Mf=
tf.m
319.329
98.958
M1 > Mf?
Yes
Yes

(a) Tensile Bar


Max Bar Area As max =
0.02*b*d =
Min Bar Area As min =
b*4.5%=
Required Bar Area
As req=
Apply =
@
Required Bar Nos
Nos=b/pitch =
Bar Area
As =

cm2
cm2
cm2
mm
nos
cm2

1045.0
21.4
118.057
22
150
31.667
120.375 ok

Mrs=sa*As2(d-d2)

Mrs= kgf.cm
36743695
tf.m
367.437
where, Mrs
Resistance Moment by tensile bar As2
As2= As-As1=As - M1/{sa*(1-s/3)*d}
120.372
sa=
2775
d=
110
d2=
0

1083.0
21.4
35.301
22
300
15.833
60.188 ok

1595.0
32.6
125.494
22
150
48.333
183.731 ok

1653.0
32.6
50.992
22
300
24.167
91.865 ok

19039423
190.394

56082481
560.825

29060172
290.602

60.185
2775
114
0

183.726
2775
110
0

91.861
2775
114
0

d1

24/37

341444859.xls, Footing

(b) Compressive Bar, in case M1<Mf


M' = Mf - M1=sa*As'*(d - d2)
As' = M'/[sa*(d - d2)]

M'=
As'=
M1=
Mf=
d2

d1
Required Bar Area
Apply =

As' req=

Bar Area

tf.m
cm2
tf.m
tf.m

0.000
0.000
782.978
319.329

d= cm
d2= cm
sa= kgf/cm2
cm2
@ mm
cm2

As' =

0.000
0.000
840.957
98.958

0.000
0.000
1195.071
339.448

0.000
0.000
1283.566
142.943

110
0
2775
0.000
22
300
60.188 ok

114
0
2775
0.000
22
150
120.375 ok

110
0
2775
0.000
22
300
91.865 ok

114
0
2775
0.000
22
150
183.731 ok

319.329
305.338
2618.62 ok
50.88 ok
6.345 ok
0.00230
0.23715
0.92095

98.958
110.989
1529.76 ok
19.81 ok
2.174 ok
0.00111
0.17165
0.94278

339.448
277.552
1823.74 ok
35.43 ok
3.779 ok
0.00230
0.23715
0.92095

142.943
125.478
1447.75 ok
18.75 ok
1.610 ok
0.00111
0.17165
0.94278

475
110
16

475
114
16

725
110
16

725
114
16

319.329
305.338
45.87
2574.86
733.88
6.239

98.958
110.989
15.49
1489.49
247.82
2.117

339.448
277.552
31.94
1793.26
511.11
3.716

142.943
125.478
14.66
1409.64
234.53
1.568

5) Checking of Allowable Stress


(a) Tensile Bar Only
Mf
S
s =
c =
m =

tf.m/m
tf/m
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

max(S,Ss)
check s < sa ?
Mf/(As*j*d)
check c < ca ?
2*Mf/(k*j*b*d^2)
check m < a ?
S/(b*j*d)
p=As/(b*d)
k={(n*p)^2+2*n*p}^0.5 - n*p
j= 1-k/3
b

b= cm
d= cm
n=

x=kd
h

d
As
d1

(b) Tensile Bar & Compressive Bar


Mf
S
c =
s =
s' =
m =

Mf/(b*d^2*Lc)
n*c*(1-k)/k
n*c*(k-d2/d)/k
S/(b*j*d)

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

check c < ca ?
check s < sa ?
check s' < sa ?
check m < a ?

p=As/(bd)
p'=As'/(bd)
k={n^2(p+p')^2+2n(p+p'*d2/d)}^05-n(p+p')
Lc=(1/2)k(1-k/3)+(np'/k)(k-d2/d)(1-d2/d)
j=(1-d2/d)+k^2/{2*n*p*(1-k)}*(d2/d-k/3)
b
d2

As'

x=kd

ok
ok
ok
ok

ok
ok
ok
ok

ok
ok
ok
ok

0.00230
0.00115
0.22180
0.12113
0.93660

0.00111
0.00222
0.14264
0.10350
0.96827

0.00230
0.00115
0.22180
0.12113
0.93660

0.00111
0.00222
0.14264
0.10350
0.96827

475
110
0
16

475
114
0
16

725
110
0
16

725
114
0
16

b= cm
d= cm
d2= cm
n=

ok
ok
ok
ok

As
d1

4 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar (Upper, Normal Conditions)


1) Cracking Moment
Mc=

Zc*('ck + N/Ac)

where, Mc
Zc

'ck

N
Ac
h1

Mc= 58825371 kgf.cm/m

Cracking Moment
Section Modulus
Zc=b*h1^2/6
b=
475 cm
Tensile strength of Concrete (bending)
'ck = 0.5*ck^(2/3)
ck=
175 kgf/cm2
Axial force (=0)
Area of Concrete = b*h1
thickness of section, H4

588.254 tf.m/m

kgf.cm
3760417 cm3

15.643 kgf/cm2
0 tf
57000 cm2
120 cm

2) Checking of Cracking Moment and Design Bending Moment


Design Bending Moment Mf = max(M,Me)
Check Mf & Mc

98.958 tf.m/m

1.7*Mf>Mc?, if yes check ultimate bending moment


1.7*Mf =
168.228 tf.m
Mc=
588.254 tf.m
1.7*Mf>Mc?

25/37

No, no need to check ultimate bending moment

341444859.xls, Footing

3) Ultimate Bending Moment


Mu=As* sy{d-(1/2)*[As* sy]/[0.85* ck*b]}
where, Mu
As
sy
d

Mu= 18653068 kgf.cm

Ultimate Bending Moment


Area of Tensile Bar
Yielding point of Tensile Bar
Effective height = h1-cover
cover d1=
10 cm
h1=
120 cm
Design Compressive Strength of Concrete
Effective Width

'ck
b

tf.m
cm2
3000 kgf/cm2
110 cm

Mu =
Mc =

186.531 tf.m
588.254 tf.m

186.531 tf.m

(Spec >295 N/mm2)

175 kgf/cm2
725 cm

As=Mf/( sa*j*d)
sa=
Allowable Stress Rbar
j= 1 -k/3 (=8/9 )
or k = n/{n+ sa/ ca)
n= Young's modulus ratio
ca
Allowable Stress Concrete
Check Mu & Mc

56.934 cm2
1850 kgf/cm2
0.854
24
60 kgf/cm2

Mu>Mc?

not applicable

4) Bar Arrangement
Checking of Single or Double bar arrangement
M1= (d/Cs)^2*sa*b >Mf?
where, M1
Cs
s
m
sa
ca
n

M1= 98383359 kgf.cm/m

Resistance moment
={2m/[s*(1-s/3)]}^(1/2)
(n*ca)/(n*ca+sa)
sa/ca

Check M1 > Mf?

M1=
Mf=

983.834 tf.m/m

12.8436
0.4377
30.8333
1850 kgf/cm2
60 kgf/cm2
24

983.834 tf.m
98.958 tf.m

M1>Mf: Design Tensile Bar Only

(a) Tensile Bar


Max Bar Area As max =
0.02*b*d =
1595.0
Min Bar Area As min =
b*4.5%=
21.4
Required Bar Area
As req=
56.934 cm2
Apply =
22
@
150 mm
Required Bar Nos
Nos=b/pitch =
31.667
Bar Area
As =
120.375 cm2

cm2
cm2

d1
nos
ok

Pitch shall be same as that of toe

Mrs=sa*As2(d-d2)

Mrs= 24495234 kgf.cm

where, Mrs
Resistance Moment by tensile bar As2
As2= As-As1=As - M1/{sa*(1-s/3)*d}
sa=
1850 kgf/cm2
d=
d2=
0 cm

As2=

244.952 tf.m

120.370 cm2

110 cm

(b) Compressive Bar, in case M1<Mf


M' = Mf - M1=sa*As'*(d - d2)
M'=
0.000 tf.m
As' = M'/[sa*(d - d2)]

d=
d2=
sa=

110 cm
0 cm
1850 kgf/cm2

Required Bar Area


Apply =
22
Bar Area

As' req=
@
As' =

h
As'=

0.000 cm2

M1=
Mf=

983.834 tf.m
98.958 tf.m

0.000 cm2
300 mm
12.671 cm2

d2

d1

ok

5) Checking of Allowable Stress


(a) Tensile Bar Only
Mf
S
s =
c =
m =

max(S,Ss)
Mf/(As*j*d)
2*Mf/(k*j*b*d^2)
S/(b*j*d)
p=As/(b*d)
k={(n*p)^2+2*n*p}^0.5 - n*p
j= 1-k/3

b
98.958
110.989
810.97
10.40
1.510
0.00151
0.23537
0.92154

tf.m/m
tf/m
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

check s < sa ?
check c < ca ?
check m < a ?
b=
d=
n=

26/37

725 cm
110 cm
24

x=kd
ok
ok
ok

d
As
d1

341444859.xls, Footing

(b) Tensile Bar & Compressive Bar


Mf
S
c =
s =
s' =
m =

98.958
110.989
10.17
807.85
244.16
1.504

Mf/(b*d^2*Lc)
n*c*(1-k)/k
n*c*(k-d2/d)/k
S/(b*j*d)

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

check c < ca ?
check s < sa ?
check s' < sa ?
check m < a ?

p=As/(bd)
p'=As'/(bd)
k={n^2(p+p')^2+2n(p+p'*d2/d)}^05-n(p+p')
Lc=(1/2)k(1-k/3)+(np'/k)(k-d2/d)(1-d2/d)
j=(1-d2/d)+k^2/{2*n*p*(1-k)}*(d2/d-k/3)
b=
d=

725 cm
110 cm

ok
ok
ok
ok

d2

0.00151
0.00016
0.23209
0.11088
0.92510

d2=
n=

x=kd

As'
As

d1

0 cm
24

SUMMARY OF DESIGN CALCULATION, FOOTING


Description
Calculation Condition

Abbr.

Principle Dimensions
Concrete Design Strength
Effective width of section
Height of Section, H4
Concrete Cover (tensile)
Concrete Cover (compressive)
Effective height of Section
Allowable Stress

unit

Case I
Normal
Seismic
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper

Case II
Normal
Seismic
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper

c
b
h
d1
d2
d
ca
sa
a
sy

kgf/m2
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/cm2

Required
Designed

As req.
As

cm2
cm2

Required
Designed

As' req.
As'

cm2
cm2

Mf
Nd
S

tf.m/m
tf/m
tf/m

146.80
0.00
168.53

98.96
0.00
110.99

319.33
0.00
305.34

98.96
0.00
110.99

202.00
0.00
246.22

142.943
0.00
125.478

339.448
0.00
277.552

142.943
0.00
125.478

Mc

tf.m

705.90
249.56
ok

705.90
168.23
ok

588.25
542.86
ok

588.25
168.23
ok

1644.50
343.40
ok

1644.50
243.00
ok

1370.42
577.06
ok

1370.42
243.00
ok

Mu

tf.m

As max
As min
As req.
As

cm2
cm2
cm2
cm2

1,045.00
21.38
84.46
180.56

1,083.00
21.38
54.94
180.56

1,045.00
21.38
118.06
180.56

1,083.00
21.38
35.30
180.56

1,595.00
32.63
116.22
275.60

1,653.00
32.63
79.36
275.60

1,595.00
32.63
125.49
275.60

1,653.00
32.63
50.99
275.60

Checking of Allowable Stress


Young's Modulus Ratio
Effective height
Compressive Stress

n
d
c

cm
kgf/cm2

Bending Tensile Stress

kgf/cm2

s'

kgf/cm2

24
110
20.01
ok
1223.59
ok
-

24
114
16.72
ok
1548.48
ok
-

16
110
50.88
ok
2618.62
ok
-

16
114
19.81
ok
1529.76
ok
-

24
110
18.04
ok
1103.11
ok
-

24
114
15.83
ok
1465.47
ok
-

16
110
35.43
ok
1823.74
ok
-

16
114
18.75
ok
1447.75
ok
-

kgf/cm2

3.560
ok

2.120
ok

6.345
ok

2.174
ok

3.407
ok

1.570
ok

3.779
ok

1.610
ok

Concrete
Re-Bar
Shearing
Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar

Reinforcement Bar
Tensile Bar

Compressive Bar

Design Load
Design Bending Moment
Design Axis Force
Shearing Force
Checking of Minimum Re-Bar
Cracking Moment
1.7*Mf
1.7*Mf < Mc ? If no, check Mu
Ultimate Bending Moment
Mu > Mc ?
Max Re-bar
Min Re-bar
Required Bar
Area of Re-bar for Design

Mean Shearing Stress

175
475
120
10
110
60
1850
5.5
3000

175
475
120
6
114
60
1850
5.5
3000

175
475
120
10
110
90
2775
8.25
3000

175
475
120
6
114
90
2775
8.25
3000

175
725
120
10
110
60
1850
5.5
3000

175
725
120
6
114
60
1850
5.5
3000

175
725
120
10
110
90
2775
8.25
3000

175
725
120
6
114
90
2775
8.25
3000

84.46
54.94
118.06
35.30
116.22
79.36
125.49
50.99
120.38
60.19
120.38
60.19
183.73
91.87
183.73
91.87
D22@150 D22@300 D22@150 D22@300 D22@150 D22@300 D22@150 D22@300
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
60.19
120.38
60.19
120.38
91.87
183.73
91.87
183.73
D22@300 D22@150 D22@300 D22@150 D22@300 D22@150 D22@300 D22@150

27/37

341444859.xls, Footing

PIER :

Bendung .
1.65
0.20

1.25

3.25
0.20

D16@300

0.25
D16@300

2.75

D16@300

0.25
D16@300

0.60
0.40

D16@300
D16@200

D16@200

D25@200

D25@200

D16@200

D16@200

D25@100

D25@100

D16@200

D16@200

D25@200

D25@200

D16@200

D16@200

D25@100

D25@100

5.50

12.00

10.80

10.20

9.80

4.50
0.4

0.4

0.40

D22@150

D22@150

0.80 D22@150

D22@150

0.30

2.00

0.90
D22@150

D22@150

D22@150

D22@150
7.25

4.75
1.75

1.25

1.75

2.25

2.75

2.25

D25@100
D25@100
1.25

2.75

2.75

NIPPON KOEI Confidential

01/01/2017

Page 28

STRUCTURAL CALCULATION, BEAM


1 Load and Bending Moment of Abutment Body
1.63

1.25

Dimensions
Wo
W2
1.38
0.25
Beam Width
Bw=
1.65

0.25

1.38

Seismic Coefficient

soil

Area

unit
weight
t/m3
2.4
2.4
2.4

0.75
1.50

0.00
Wo

0.60
0.40

W3
0.20

No.

0.20

1.65

xo

0.13

1
2
3

m3
1.485
0.083
0.083

Total
l=

1.650
0.745

xo = 0.8D+Wo
= 1.25

1.25

W5
2.75

H1
10.80

kh=

0.18

Vertical Distance
Load
X
t
m
3.564
0.750
0.198
1.333
0.198
0.063
3.96

Refrection R

R=
H=

0.20

H2
10.20

H5
0.60

stryctur

H6
0.40

kh=

unit:m
ho
9.80

0.18

Moment
Mx
tf.m/m
2.673
0.264
0.012
2.949

0.0 t
0.0 t

1) Load and Bending Moment (Vertical and Holizontal)

No.
Noramal R
Dead load
Total

Vertical Distance
Load
X
t
m
0.000
0.000
3.960
0.745
3.960

Moment Horizontal Distance


Mx
Load
X
tf.m/m
t/m
m
0.000
0.000
0.000
2.949
0.713
0.745
2.949

Moment
Mx
tf.m/m
0.000
0.531
0.531

2) Intersectional Force due Reaction


Axial Force = 0 tf/m
Upper
Side
Normal Condition
Seismic Condition
Moment Shearing Moment Shearing
M
S
Ms
Ss
(tf.m/m)
(tf/m)
(tf.m/m)
(tf/m)

Description

Dead Load, Earth


Reaction form Foundation
Total

2.949
0.000
2.949

3.960
0.000
3.960

0.531
0.000
0.531

0.000
0.713
0.713

2 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar (Upper)


1) Cracking Moment
Mc=

Zc*('ck + N/Ac)

where, Mc
Zc

'ck

N
Ac
h1

Mc= 7098153 kgf.cm/m

Cracking Moment
Section Modulus
Zc=b*h1^2/6
b=
165 cm
Tensile strength of Concrete (bending)
'ck = 0.5*ck^(2/3)
ck=
175 kgf/cm2
Axial force (=0)
Area of Concrete = b*h1
thickness of section, H4

70.982 tf.m/m

kgf.cm
453750 cm3

15.643 kgf/cm2
0 tf
16500 cm2
100 cm

2) Checking of Cracking Moment and Design Bending Moment


Design Bending Moment Mf = max(M,Me)
Normal Condition M =
Seismic Condition Me=
Check Mf & Mc

2.949 tf.m/m
2.949 tf.m/m
0.531 tf.m/m

1.7*Mf>Mc ?, if yes, check ultimate bending moment


1.7*Mf =
5.014 tf.m
Mc=
70.982 tf.m
1.7*Mf>Mc ?

29/37

No, no need to check ultimate bending moment

341444859.xls, Beam

3) Ultimate Bending Moment


Mu=As* sy{d-(1/2)*[As* sy]/[0.85* ck*b]}
where, Mu
As
sy
d

'ck
b

Check Mu & Mc

Mu= 559252.64 kgf.cm

Ultimate Bending Moment


Area of Tensile Bar
Yielding point of Tensile Bar
Effective height = h1-cover
cover d1=
6 cm
h1=
100.0 cm
Design Compressive Strength of Concrete
Effective Width

tf.m
cm2
3000 kgf/cm2
94 cm

As=Mf/( sa*j*d)
sa=
Allowable Stress Rbar
j= 1 -k/3 (=8/9 )
or k = n/{n+ sa/ ca)
n= Young's modulus ratio
ca
Allowable Stress Concrete

1.986 cm2
1850 kgf/cm2
0.854

Mu =
Mc =

5.593 tf.m
70.982 tf.m

5.593 tf.m

(Spec >295 N/mm2)

175 kgf/cm2
165 cm

24
60 kgf/cm2

Mu>Mc ?

not applicable

4) Bar Arrangement
Checking of Single or Double bar arrangement
M1= (d/Cs)^2*sa*b >Mf?
where, M1
Cs
s
m
sa
ca
n

M1=

Resistance moment
={2m/[s*(1-s/3)]}^(1/2)
(n*ca)/(n*ca+sa)
sa/ca

Check M1 > Mf ?

M1=
Mf=

16350759 kgf.cm/m =

163.508 tf.m/m

12.8436
0.4377
30.8333
1850 kgf/cm2
60 kgf/cm2
24

163.508 tf.m
2.949 tf.m

Compressive
Tensile

M1>Mf: Design Tensile Bar Only

(a) Tensile Bar


Max Bar Area As max =
0.02*b*d =
310.20
Min Bar Area As min =
b*4.5%=
7.43
Required Bar Area
As req=
1.986 cm2
Apply =
16
@
300 mm
Required Bar Nos
Nos=b/pitch =
5.5
Bar Area
As =
11.058 cm2

cm2
cm2

d1
nos
ok

Mrs=sa*As2(d-d2)
where, Mrs
Resistance Moment by tensile bar As2
As2= As-As1=As - M1/{sa*(1-s/3)*d}
sa=
1850 kgf/cm2
d=
d2=
0 cm

Mrs=

1922865 kgf.cm

As2=

11.057 cm2

19.229 tf.m

94 cm

(b) Compressive Bar, in case M1<Mf


M' = Mf - M1=sa*As'*(d - d2)
M'=
0.000 tf.m
As' = M'/[sa*(d - d2)]

d=
d2=
sa=

94 cm
0 cm
0 kgf/cm2

Required Bar Area


Apply =
16
Bar Area

As' req=
@
As' =

h
As'=

d2

d1

0.000 cm2

M1= 163.50759 tf.m


Mf= 2.949375 tf.m

0.000 cm2
300 mm
11.058 cm2

ok

5) Checking of Allowable Stress


(a) Tensile Bar Only
Mf
S
s =
c =
m =

max(S,Ss)
Mf/(As*j*d)
2*Mf/(k*j*b*d^2)
S/(b*j*d)
p=As/(b*d)
k={(n*p)^2+2*n*p}^0.5 - n*p
j= 1-k/3

b
2.949
3.960
300.64
2.54
0.271
0.00071
0.16867
0.94378

tf.m/m
tf/m
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

check s < sa ?
check c < ca ?
check m < a ?
b=
d=
n=

30/37

165 cm
94 cm
24

x=kd
ok
ok
ok

d
As
d1

341444859.xls, Beam

(b) Tensile Bar & Compressive Bar


Mf
S
c =
s =
s' =
m =

2.949
3.960
2.24
296.16
53.87
0.267

Mf/(b*d^2*Lc)
n*c*(1-k)/k
n*c*(k-d2/d)/k
S/(b*j*d)

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

p=As/(bd)
p'=As'/(bd)
k={n^2(p+p')^2+2n(p+p'*d2/d)}^05-n(p+p')
Lc=(1/2)k(1-k/3)+(np'/k)(k-d2/d)(1-d2/d)
j=(1-d2/d)+k^2/{2*n*p*(1-k)}*(d2/d-k/3)
b=
d=

165 cm
94 cm

check c < ca ?
check s < sa ?
check s' < sa ?
check m < a ?

ok
ok
ok
ok

d2

0.00071
0.00071
0.15391
0.09012
0.95803

d2=
n=

As'

x=kd

As
d1

0 cm
24

3 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar ( Side )


1) Cracking Moment
Mc=

Zc*('ck + N/Ac)

where, Mc
Zc

'ck

N
Ac
h1

Mc= 2607219 kgf.cm/m

Cracking Moment
Section Modulus
Zc=b*h1^2/6
b=
100 cm
Tensile strength of Concrete (bending)
'ck = 0.5*ck^(2/3)
ck=
175 kgf/cm2
Axial force (=0)
Area of Concrete = b*h1
thickness of section, H4

26.072 tf.m/m

kgf.cm
166667 cm3

15.643 kgf/cm2
0 tf
16500 cm2
165 cm

2) Checking of Cracking Moment and Design Bending Moment


Design Bending Moment Mf =
Check Mf & Mc

0.531 tf.m/m
1.7*Mf>Mc ?, if yes, check ultimate bending moment
1.7*Mf =
0.903 tf.m
Mc=
26.072 tf.m
1.7*Mf>Mc ?

No, no need to check ultimate bending moment

3) Ultimate Bending Moment


Mu=As* sy{d-(1/2)*[As* sy]/[0.85* ck*b]}
where, Mu
As
sy
d

'ck
b

Check Mu & Mc

Mu=

100782.1 kgf.cm

Ultimate Bending Moment


Area of Tensile Bar
Yielding point of Tensile Bar
Effective height = h1-cover
cover d1=
6 cm
h1=
165.0 cm
Design Compressive Strength of Concrete
Effective Width

tf.m
cm2
3000 kgf/cm2
159 cm

As=Mf/( sa*j*d)
sa=
Allowable Stress Rbar
j= 1 -k/3 (=8/9 )
or k = n/{n+ sa/ ca)
n= Young's modulus ratio
ca
Allowable Stress Concrete

0.211 cm2
1850 kgf/cm2
0.854

Mu =
Mc =

1.008 tf.m
26.072 tf.m

1.008 tf.m

(Spec >295 N/mm2)

175 kgf/cm2
100 cm

24
60 kgf/cm2

Mu>Mc ?

not applicable

4) Bar Arrangement
Checking of Single or Double bar arrangement
M1= (d/Cs)^2*sa*b >Mf?
where, M1
Cs
s
m
sa
ca
n
Check M1 > Mf ?

M1=

Resistance moment
={2m/[s*(1-s/3)]}^(1/2)
(n*ca)/(n*ca+sa)
sa/ca

M1=
Mf=

283.526 tf.m
0.531 tf.m

28352576 kgf.cm/m =

283.526 tf.m/m

12.8436
0.4377
30.8333
1850 kgf/cm2
60 kgf/cm2
24
M1>Mf: Design Tensile Bar Only

31/37

341444859.xls, Beam

(a) Tensile Bar


Max Bar Area As max =
0.02*b*d =
Min Bar Area As min =
b*4.5%=
Required Bar Area
As req=
0.211
Apply =
16
@
300
Required Bar Nos
Nos=b/pitch =
Bar Area
As =
6.702

318.00 cm2
4.50 cm2

d1
Pitch shall be same as that of toe

Mrs=sa*As2(d-d2)
where, Mrs
Resistance Moment by tensile bar As2
As2= As-As1=As - M1/{sa*(1-s/3)*d}
sa=
1850 kgf/cm2
d=
d2=
0 cm

cm2
mm
3.3333333 nos
cm2
ok

Mrs=

1971080 kgf.cm

As2=

6.701 cm2

19.711 tf.m

159 cm

(b) Compressive Bar, in case M1<Mf


M' = Mf - M1=sa*As'*(d - d2)
M'=
0.00 tf.m
As' = M'/[sa*(d - d2)]
d=
d2=
sa=

159 cm
0 cm
1850 kgf/cm2

Required Bar Area


Apply =
16
Bar Area

As' req=
@
As' =

h
As'=

0.000 cm2

M1=
Mf=

283.526 tf.m
0.531 tf.m

0.000 cm2
300 mm
6.702 cm2

d2

d1

ok

5) Checking of Allowable Stress


(a) Tensile Bar Only
Mf
S
s =
c =
m =

max(S,Ss)
Mf/(As*j*d)
2*Mf/(k*j*b*d^2)
S/(b*j*d)
p=As/(b*d)
k={(n*p)^2+2*n*p}^0.5 - n*p
j= 1-k/3

0.531
0.713
52.12
0.33
0.047

tf.m/m
tf/m
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

check s < sa ?
check c < ca ?
check m < a ?

0.00042
0.13248
0.95584

b=
d=
n=

x=kd
ok
ok
ok

d
As
d1

100 cm
159 cm
24

(b) Tensile Bar & Compressive Bar


Mf
S
c =
s =
s' =
m =

0.531
0.713
0.30
51.64
7.27
0.046

Mf/(b*d^2*Lc)
n*c*(1-k)/k
n*c*(k-d2/d)/k
S/(b*j*d)

p=As/(bd)
p'=As'/(bd)
k={n^2(p+p')^2+2n(p+p'*d2/d)}^05-n(p+p')
Lc=(1/2)k(1-k/3)+(np'/k)(k-d2/d)(1-d2/d)
j=(1-d2/d)+k^2/{2*n*p*(1-k)}*(d2/d-k/3)
b=
d=

100 cm
159 cm

d2=
n=

tf.m
tf
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

check c < ca ?
check s < sa ?
check s' < sa ?
check m < a ?
0.00042
0.00042
0.12344
0.06930
0.96465

ok
ok
ok
ok

b
d2

As'

x=kd

As
d1

0 cm
24

32/37

341444859.xls, Beam

SUMMARY OF DESIGN CALCULATION, BEAM


Description
Calculation Condition

Abbr.

Principle Dimensions
Concrete Design Strength
Effective width of section
Height of Section, H4
Concrete Cover (tensile)
Concrete Cover (compressive)
Effective height of Section
Allowable Stress

Compressive Bar

Side
Rectangular Beam

kgf/m2
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/cm2

Required
Designed

As req.
As

cm2
cm2

1.99
11.06 D16@300

0.21
6.70 D16@300

Required
Designed

As' req.
As'

cm2
cm2

0.00
11.06 D16@300

0.00
6.70 D16@300

Mf
Nd
S

tf.m/m
tf/m
tf/m

2.949
0.000
3.960

0.531
0.000
0.713

Mc

tf.m

70.982
5.014
ok

26.072
0.903
ok

Mu

tf.m

As max
As min
As req.
As

cm2
cm2
cm2
cm2

310.20
7.43
1.99
22.12

318.00
4.50
0.21
13.40

n
d
c
s
s'
m

cm
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

24
94
2.54 OK
300.64 OK
0.271 OK

Design Load
Design Bending Moment
Design Axis Force
Shearing Force
Checking of Minimum Re-Bar
Cracking Moment
1.7*Mf
1.7*Mf<Mc ? If no, check Mu
Ultimate Bending Moment
Mu>Mc ?
Max Re-bar
Min Re-bar
Required Bar
Area of Re-bar for Design
Checking of Allowable Stress
Young's Modulus Ratio
Effective height
Compressive Stress
Bending Tensile Stress
Mean Shearing Stress

Stirrup

Upper
Rectangular Beam

c
b
h
d1
d2
d
ca
sa
a
sy

Concrete
Re-Bar
Shearing
Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar

Reinforcement Bar
Tensile Bar

unit

175
165
100
6
94
60
1850
5.5
3000

175
100
165
6
159
60
1850
5.5
3000

Remarks

(K175)

24
159
0.33 OK
52.12 OK
0.047 OK

(in case shearing stress is not OK.)

a =
0.271
Design reinforcement bar to stirrup
diameter
12 mm
pitch
200 mm
As =
5.65 cm2

5.5

-5.229 kgf/cm2
sa As
bP

3.170 OK

33/37

341444859.xls, Beam

Remarks
1

Input Data
"Input":

Figure in red are input data.

There are two try and error calculation except input data such as dimension and condition.
To calculate them, click on the macro button at their right sides after inputting data.
(1) Sheet name "Body", G300 to K301
(2) Sheet name "Body", H436 to N437.

Button Calculate c
Button Calculate x

Allowable stress for "Body"


If allowable stress is "Check" for body, see Sheet "Body", calculation of stress

Minimum reinforcement bar


Step 1

Calculation of Md', find 1.7Md

Step 2

Comparison between Md' and Mc


if Md' > Mc go to step 3

Step 3

Calculation of Mu

Step 4

Comparison between Mu and Mc


Mu > Mc

OK

If No, effective height must be increased.

Revised
26-Nov-02

Discription of Case I-1, Case I-2, Case II-1, Case II-2 are as follows
Direction
Condition
normal Case I-1 Case II-1
seismic Case I-2 Case II-2
The expression mantioned above are revised.

30-Nov-02

4-Dec-02

All sheets
Some of inputting cells and calculation result cells have been rearranged.
Safety factors against sliding have been set at the same figures as retaining wall.
previous figure
revised figure
normal condition
1.5
2.0
seismic condition
1.2
1.25
Reinforcement bar arrangements for additional bars and distribution bars have been added.
Modification of stress and additional bar arrangement

12-Dec-02

Minor change: sheets "Stability", "Body" and "Footing"

28-Dec-02

Minor correction: sheets "Body" and "Beam" (calculation results are same as revision 4)

2-Feb-03

Sheet "Input"
Input Cell "L48"was modified to calculation cell.
Input Cells "L49" and "L50" were added.
Cells "I49", "K49", "K50", "L51", "N46", "N47", "N48", "N49" and "N50" were added.

ve been added.

and "N50" were added.

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