INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR

MINIATURISED ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Innovative Technology for Miniaturised Electrochemistry

DropSens is an Innovative Technology-Based Firm specialised in the design and manufacture of instruments for
Electrochemistry Research, based in Asturias, Spain.
DropSens develops and manufactures screen-printed electrodes, based on thick-film hybrid technology, with the aim of
providing researchers with a powerful tool for the development of electrochemical sensors of diverse nature: chemical, enzyme,
immune and genosensors. These sensors are aimed at important applications in the fields of clinical analysis,
environmental and food control. Screen-printed electrodes offer a number of advantages versus conventional electrodes:
they are suitable for working with microvolumes and for decentralised assays (point of lab or point of care tests). Additionally
they avoid tedious polishing of solid electrodes.
With the aim of miniaturising electrochemical instruments, DropSens has also focused on the design and manufacture of
portable potentiostats which offer the main electrochemical techniques while retaining the accuracy of bigger instruments and
offering an easy-to-use computer interface.

DropSens keeps researching to incorporate the advantages of Nanotechnology to Electrochemistry and already supplies high
quality Carbon Nanotubes and nanomaterials-modified sensors.
One of our main strengths is our flexibility in manufacturing instruments upon request. DropSens is able to manufacture
tailored instruments and electrodes following researchers specifications, including different designs and materials.
In addition to our product portfolio, DropSens offers its services and knowledge in the field of Biosensors and Electroanalysis.
We own a fully equipped laboratory for the development of R&D Projects. We offer Training on Biosensors and Electroanalysis
as well as Consultancy to solve technical problems. Customers R&D Projects adapted to fit their necessities for improving
processes or products are developed.
General Catalogue | page 01

DropSens, S.L. | 2014

INDEX

INDEX

Potentiostats

03

10

Screen-Printed Electrodes

Interdigitated Electrodes

23

24

Accessories

30

Nanomaterials

33

Electrochemistry Reagents

Electrochemistry Lab Kits

34

General Catalogue | page 02

Potentiostats
DropSens Stat Potentiostats may be used with SPEs or conventional electrodes. DropView software for
Windows controls the instrument and performs plotting and analysis of results.

Stat 8000
Ref. STAT8000
Stat 8000 is the first portable Multi Potentiostat/Galvanostat in the
market. It includes 8 nodes that can act at the same time as 8 independent
potentiostats/galvanostats, therefore allowing up to 8 simultaneous
electrochemical measurements (with the same or different techniques). It also
includes one multichannel that acts as a potentiostat with up to 8 working
electrodes sharing an auxiliary and a reference electrode i.e. all in the same
solution.
The NEW portable Multi Potentiostat/Galvanostat is Li-ion Battery
powered (DC charger adaptor also compatible), and can be easily connected
to a PC via USB or Bluetooth.
Instrument specifications:

Power

Li-ion Battery (6150 mAh)

USB

PC interface
Operating modes

DC charger adaptor compatible (5 V, 15 W)

Bluetooth
USB
8x 1 Channel Potentiostat/Galvanostat
1x 8 Channel Potentiostat

DC-Potential range

4.096 V

Current ranges (potentiostat)

1 nA to 100 mA (9 ranges)

Maximum measurable current

80 mA

Potential ranges (galvanostat)

100 mV, 1 V (2 ranges)

Rise time

20 s

Applied Potential Resolution

1 mV

Measured Current Resolution

0.025 % of current range

(1 pA on lowest current range)

Applied Current Resolution

0.1 % of current output range

Measured Potential Resolution

0.012 % of potential range

Potential Accuracy

0.2 %

Current Accuracy

0.5 % of current range at 100 nA to 1 mA

External inputs/outputs

1 % of current range at 10 mA to 100 mA

5 Digital Input/Output pins
[PIO 1, PIO 2, PIO 3, PIO 4, PIO 5]
3 Analog Inputs multiplexing PIO 1, PIO 2, PIO 3

Indicators
Dimensions
Weight

2 Analog Outputs (configurable I-out or E-out)

LCD display in front panel
22.2 cm x 20.5 cm x 7.5 cm (L x W x H)
1.6 kg
Specifications are subject to change without previous notice

General Catalogue | page 03

Potentiostat
Voltammetry

Amperometry

LSV

Linear Sweep Voltammetry

CV

Cyclic Voltammetry

SWV

Square Wave Voltammetry

DPV

Differential Pulse Voltammetry

NPV

Normal Pulse Voltammetry

NDPV

Differential Normal Pulse Voltammetry

ACV

AC Voltammetry

AD

Amperometric Detection

FA

Fast Amperometry (tint < 0.1 s)

PAD Pulsed Amperometric Detection

ZRA Zero Resistance Amperometry

Galvanostat

LSP
CP
PD
FP
ZCP
PSAG
PSAF

Stat 8000P Multi Potentiostat (ref.

STAT8000P) is the equivalent instrument to
Stat 8000, but offers only the 11
potentiostatic techniques listed above.
Stat 8000P can easily be upgraded to the
full Stat 8000 later by just purchasing a
software extension.

Linear Sweep Potentiometry

Cyclic Potentiometry
Potentiometric Detection (galvanostatic)
Fast Potentiometry (tint < 0.1 s)
Zero Current Potentiometry
Potentiometric Stripping Analysis (galvanostatic)
Potentiometric Stripping Analysis (faradaic)

Stat 8000 is controlled by the NEW powerful software DropView 8400.

Control Specifications
General
Pretreatment
General
Parameters

Specific
Parameters

Conditioning stage duration:

0 1300 s

Deposition stage duration:

0 1300 s

Equilibration stage duration:

0 1300 s

Begin, End, Base, Vertex potentials:

-4.096 V to +4.096 V

Step potential:

1 mV to 500 mV

Pulse potential:

1 mV to 250 mV

Scan rate:

1 ms up to 1.3 s per step

SWV

Frequency:

1 Hz to 400 Hz

Amplitude:

1 mV to 250 mV

Modulation time:

1 ms to 1300 ms

Pulse time:

1 ms to 1300 ms

Frequency:

2 Hz to 250 Hz

Amplitude:

5 mV to 250 mV (RMS)

DPV, NPV, NDP

ACV

Chrono. Methods (AD, PD, ZCP, ZRA) Interval time:

Fast Chrono. Methods (FA, FP)
PAD

PSA

0.1 s to 1300 s

Run time:

Hours (65000 points)

Interval time:

1 ms to 1300 ms

Run time:

Hours (65000 points)

Pulse time:

1 ms to 1300 ms

Interval time:

10 ms to 1300 ms

Run time:

Hours (65000 points)

Potential limit:

2.048 V

Stat 8000 has been used in the following research papers:

D. Martn-Yerga, M. B. Gonzlez-Garca, A. Costa-Garca, Sensors and Actuators B 182 (2013) 184.
Y. Uludag, Z. Olcer, M.S. Sagiroglu, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 57 (2014) 85.

General Catalogue | page 04

Stat 400
Ref. STAT400
Stat 400 is the portable Bipotentiostat/Galvanostat by DropSens. It can be applied for Voltammetric, Amperometric or
Potentiometric measurements, including 18 electroanalytical techniques, and can be used with one- or two-working electrodes
configuration.

Dimensions: 13.2 x 10.0 x 3.6 cm (Length x Width x Height).

Weight: 480 g.

The new Stat 400 portable bipotentiostat/galvanostat is Li-ion

Battery powered, as well as USB powered.

It can be easily connected to a PC via USB, RS232 and Bluetooth.

Instrument specifications:

Power

Li-ion Battery (1250 mAh)

USB

PC interface

DC charger adaptor compatible (5 V)

Bluetooth
USB
RS232

Operating modes

BiPotentiostat, Potentiostat, Galvanostat

DC-Potential range

4.096 V

Current ranges (potentiostat)

1 nA to 10 mA (8 ranges)

Maximum measurable current

40 mA

Potential ranges (galvanostat)

100 mV, 1 V (2 ranges)

Rise time

20 s

Applied Potential Resolution

1 mV

Measured Current Resolution

0.025 % of current range

Applied Current Resolution

0.1 % of current output range

Measured Potential Resolution

0.012 % of potential range

Potential Accuracy

0.2 %

Current Accuracy

0.5 % of current range at 100 nA to 10 mA

External inputs/outputs

Iout, Eout

(1 pA on lowest current range)

2 Analog inputs
1 Analog output
2 Digital input/outputs

LED indicators
Dimensions
Weight

TX, RX, RTS signals for RS232 connection

Power, Status, Measuring, Bluetooth
13.2 cm x 10.0 cm x 3.6 cm (L x W x H)
480 g

Specifications are subject to change without previous notice

General Catalogue | page 05

Potentiostat
Available Voltammetric methods

Available Amperometric methods

LSV

Linear Sweep Voltammetry

CV

Cyclic Voltammetry

SWV

Square Wave Voltammetry

DPV

Differential Pulse Voltammetry

NPV

Normal Pulse Voltammetry

NDPV

Differential Normal Pulse Voltammetry

ACV

Alternating Current Voltammetry

AD

Amperometric Detection

FA

Fast Amperometry (tint < 0.1 s)

PAD

Pulsed Amperometric Detection

ZRA

Zero Resistance Amperometry

Galvanostat

LSP
CP
PD
FP
ZCP
PSA
PSA

Linear Sweep Potentiometry

Cyclic Potentiometry
Potentiometric Detection (galvanostatic)
Fast Potentiometry (tint < 0.1 s)
Zero Current Potentiometry
Potentiometric Stripping Analysis (galvanostatic)
Potentiometric Stripping Analysis (faradaic)

Stat 400 is controlled by the NEW powerful software DropView 8400.

Control Specifications
General
Pretreatment
General
Parameters

Specific
Parameters

Conditioning stage duration:

0 1300 s

Deposition stage duration:

0 1300 s

Equilibration stage duration:

0 1300 s

Begin, End, Base, Vertex potentials:

-4.096 V to +4.096 V

Step potential:

1 mV to 500 mV

Pulse potential:

1 mV to 250 mV

Scan rate:

1 ms up to 1.3 s per step

SWV

Frequency:

1 Hz to 400 Hz

Amplitude:

1 mV to 250 mV

Modulation time:

1 ms to 1300 ms

Pulse time:

1 ms to 1300 ms

Frequency:

2 Hz to 250 Hz

Amplitude:

5 mV to 250 mV (RMS)

DPV, NPV, NDP

ACV

Chrono. Methods (AD, PD, ZCP, ZRA) Interval time:

Fast Chrono. Methods (FA, FP)
PAD

PSA

0.1 s to 1300 s

Run time:

Hours (65000 points)

Interval time:

1 ms to 1300 ms

Run time:

Hours (65000 points)

Pulse time:

1 ms to 1300 ms

Interval time:

10 ms to 1300 ms

Run time:

Hours (65000 points)

Potential limit:

2.048 V

Stat 400 has been used in the folowing reseach papers:

Abolfazl Barzegar, Food Chemistry 135 (2012) 1369.
F.Matemadombo, C.Apetrei, T.Nyokong, M.L.Rodrguez-Mndez, J.A.de Saja, Sensors and Actuators B 166 (2012) 457.
V. Scognamiglio, I. Pezzotti, G. Pezzotti, J. Cano, I. Manfredonia, K. Buonasera, F. Arduini, D. Moscone, G. Palleschi, M.T. Giardi, Analytica Chimica
Acta 751 (2012) 161.
Seyed Naser Azizi, Shahram Ghasemi, Elham Chiani, Electrochimica Acta 88 (2013) 463.
V. Scognamiglio, I. Pezzotti, G. Pezzotti, J. Cano, I. Manfredonia, K. Buonasera, G. Rodio, M.T. Giardi, Sensors and Actuators B 176 (2013) 275.
General Catalogue | page 06

Stat 200
Ref. STAT200
Stat 200 is a small portable Bipotentiostat that can be applied for amperometric measurements at a fixed DC potential as well as
voltammetric measurements like differential pulse and square wave voltammetry. The instrument is controlled and powered by means of a
USB connection.

Dimensions: 8.0 x 5.4 x 2.3 cm (Length x Width x Height).

Weight: 90 g.
It can be used with one- or two- working electrodes configuration.
The instrument can be tailored for specific applications. All relevant

amperometric and voltammetric methods can be programmed for the instrument.

Instrument specifications:

Power

DC-potential resolution

PC interface
DC potential range
Current ranges
Maximum measurable current
Rise time
Current resolution

DC-offset error
Accuracy
Extra inputs/outputs
bit

Dimensions

Stat 200 has six current ranges: 1 nA to 100 A, and Auto (the instrument automatically selects the optimal current range), with a resolution
of 10 pA on the lowest current range.

Potentiostat
Available Voltammetric methods

Available Amperometric methods

Amperometric Detection (AD)

Pulsed Amperometric Detection (PAD)

Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV)

Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)
Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV)
Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)

General Catalogue | page 07

Limits of some specific parameters of the available techniques:

LSV, CV
SWV
DPV
AD
PAD

Scan rate:

1 mV/s to 5.0 V/s

Frequency:

1 Hz to 400 Hz

Amplitude potential:

1 mV to 250 mV

Scan rate:

1 mV/s to 2.5 V/s

Pulse time:

1 ms to 200 ms

Interval time:

100 ms to 1300 s

Run time:

Hours (65000 points)

Pulse time:

1 ms

Run time:

Hours (65000 points)

Conditioning stage duration: 0 - 1300 s

All techniques

Deposition stage duration:

0 - 1300 s

Equilibration stage duration: 0 - 1300 s

Stat 200 has been used in the folowing reseach papers:

O. A. Biloivan, N. S. Rogaleva, Y. I. Korpan, Biopolymers and Cell 26 (2010).

C.Pellicer, A.Gomez-Caballero, N.Unceta, M.A.Goicolea and R.J.Barrio, Anal. Methods 2 (2010) 1280.
A.Snchez, S.Morante-Zarcero, D.Prez-Quintanilla, I.Sierra, I.Hierro, Electrochimica Acta 55 (2010) 6983.
Deepak Kumar, Bhim Bali Prasad, Sensors and Actuators B 171 (2012) 1141.
F. Rueda-Holgado, E. Bernalte, M.R. Palomo-Marn, L. Calvo-Blzquez, F. Cereceda-Balic, E. Pinilla-Gil, Talanta 101 (2012) 435.
Enrique Valera, Alejandro Muriano, Isabel Pividori, Francisco Snchez-Baeza, M.P. Marco, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 43 (2013) 211.
Guillaume Surez, Christian Santschi, Olivier J.F. Martin, Vera I. Slaveykova, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 42 (2013) 385.

Stat potentiostats are supplied in a convenient briefcase including all accessories provided with the equipment, designed for protected
storage and easy transport in decentralised and field analysis:

Specifications are subject to change without previous notice

General Catalogue | page 08

DropView Software for Stat Potentiostats

The embedded DropView Software for Stat potentiostats can provide all methods which are relevant for electrochemical sensors. The
software automatically detects the instrument that is connected and adapts its menus to the connected device. Free software and firmware
updates are available in our website for all Stat users.

Method tab. The Method tab

contains all the technique
parameters. The Sensor and
Sample textboxes can be used
to describe the sensor used and
the sample that is measured.

Measurements tab. Peak data

are shown in the Measurements
tab. Each peak is labeled and
data are displayed below its
corresponding curve name.

Graphic Windows. Measurements are plotted in real time; curves

can be loaded from saved files, overlaid, etc.
In DropView 8400, the graphic windows for the multiple
simultaneous measurements can be fully customised: one-by-one
tab view; mosaic view (picture), resized, etc.

3D plots. In DropView 8400, a 3D plot of a group of curves can be displayed, either individually (left) or as a surface (right).
The values of the Z axis can be assigned and stored beforehand for each of the curves or entered later on, just as you generate your
3D plot.

DropView software provides additional powerful functions such as:

measurements processing: peak integration, smoothing, curves subtraction, derivative curve, baseline fitting, etc.
script editor for tailoring your electrochemical measurements or even programming full work routines
peripheral configuration (digital/analog inputs/outputs) for synchronised operation with other devices, like triggering, etc.

General Catalogue | page 09

Screen-Printed
Electrodes
Screen-Printed Electrodes made of Carbon, Gold, Platinum, Silver, Carbon Nanotubes or Gold Nanoparticles based
inks, including optically transparent electrodes. Innovative strips manufactured for electrochemical analysis in
environmental, clinical or agri-food areas.
Strips general dimensions: 3.4 x 1.0 x 0.05 cm. Reference electrode
and electric contacts made of Silver (unless otherwise stated).

Low cost, disposable devices specially designed to work with

microvolumes of sample. Ideal for quality control or research
purposes and also for teaching Electrochemistry.
DropSens Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPEs) range includes:

Working
Electrode

Counter
Electrode

UNMODIFIED SPEs

C.E.
connection

Reference
Electrode
W.E.
connection

MODIFIED CARBON SPEs:

METAL OXIDES MODIFIED CARBON SPEs
NANOMATERIALS MODIFIED CARBON SPEs
ELECTROCHEMICAL MEDIATORS/CARBON SPEs
DUAL SPEs

R.E.
connection

CUSTOMISED SPEs

Unmodified SPEs

Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode

Ref. 110, C110

Working (4 mm diameter) and counter electrode made of Carbon. Ideal for working with 50 L volume (ref. 110, picture above) or by
introducing them in solution (ref. C110, picture bellow).
40
30
20

I (A)

10
0
-10

50 mV / s

-20

200 mV / s

-30

500 mV / s

-40

1000 mV / s

-50
-0.2

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

E (V)
Cyclic voltammograms of 510-4 M K3[Fe(CN)6] in 0.1 M
H2SO4 electrolyte solution at various scan rates

I ( A)

C110 has a special design with its sensing area closer to the
end of the strip, making it particularly suitable for working by
entirely immersing its sensing area in solution.

Selected articles where DropSens 110 SPCEs have been used:

Xiaoxiao Ge, Weiying Zhang, Yuehe Lin, Dan Du, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 50
(2013) 486.
Yan Wei, Ran Yang, Jin-Huai Liu, Xing-Jiu Huang, Electrochimica Acta 105 (2013) 218.
S.V.Kergaravat, L.Beltramino, N.Garnero, L.Trotta, M.Wagener, M.I.Pividori,
S.R.Hernandez, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 48 (2013) 203.
Jing Zhou, Ning Gan, Futao Hu, Tianhua Li, Hankun Zhou, Xing Li, Lei Zheng, Sensors
and Actuators B 186 (2013) 300.
Banafsheh Rafiee, Ali Reza Fakhari, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 46 (2013) 130.
Diana Catalina Rodrguez, Stephanie Carvajal, Gustavo Peuela, Talanta 111 (2013) 1.
P. Rattanarat, W. Dungchai, W. Siangproh, O. Chailapakul, C. S. Henry, Analytica
Chimica Acta 744 (2012) 1.
V. Ostatn, H. Cernock, K. Kurzatkowska, E. Palecek, Analytica Chimica Acta 735
(2012) 31.

M. M.P.S. Neves, M. Begoa Gonzlez-Garca, H. P.A. Nouws, A. Costa-Garca,

Biosensors and Bioelectronics 31 (2012) 95.
M. Moreno-Guzmn, I. Ojeda, R. Villalonga, A. Gonzlez-Corts, P. Yez-Sedeo, J. M.
Pingarrn, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 35 (2012) 82.
P. Salazar, M. Martn, R.D. O'Neill, R. Roche, J.L. Gonzlez-Mora, Journal of Electroanalytical
Chemistry 674 (2012) 48.
F. Conzuelo, M. Gamella, S. Campuzano, A. J. Reviejo, J. M. Pingarrn, Analytica Chimica
Acta 737 (2012) 29.
I. Ojeda, J. Lpez-Montero, M. Moreno-Guzma, B.C. Janegitz, A. Gonzlez-Corts, P.
Yez-Sedeo, J.M. Pingarrn, Analytica Chimica Acta 743 (2012) 117.

General Catalogue | page 10

Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode (Aux.: Pt; Ref.: Ag)

Ref. 150
Working (4 mm diameter) electrode made of Carbon; counter electrode made of Platinum and reference electrode made of Silver. Ideal for
working
with 50 L volume.
A)

I(

Screen-Printed Gold Electrodes

Refs. 220AT, 220BT, C223AT, C223BT, C220AT, C220BT

Working and counter electrode made of Gold. They are made with high (AT) or low (BT) temperature curing inks which may have different
properties depending on the application. Working electrode is available in two sizes: 4 mm or 1.6 mm diameter. They are ideal for working
with microvolumes (refs. 220AT, 220BT, C223AT, C223BT) or by dipping them in solution (refs. C220AT, C220BT).

AT Models

BT Models

SEM images of working electrode, AT and BT Gold electrodes.

220AT - High temperature

curing ink, WE 4 mm.

C223AT - High temperature

curing ink, WE 1.6 mm.

C220AT - High temperature

curing ink, WE 4 mm. Work
in solution.

C223BT - Low temperature

curing ink, WE 1.6 mm.

C220BT - Low temperature

curing ink, WE 4 mm. Work
in solution.

Articles where DropSens Screen-printed Gold electrodes have been used:

V. Bhalla, V. Zazubovich, Surface Science 606 (2012).
M.A. Carvajal, J. Ballesta-Claver, D.P. Morales, A.J. Palma, M.C.Valencia-Mirn, L.F. Capitn-Vallvey, Sensors and Actuators B 169 (2012) 46.
A. Hayat, L. Barthelmebs, A. Sassolas, JL. Marty, Analytica Chimica Acta 724 (2012) 92.
S. Hoon Jeong, D. Woo Lee, S. Kim, J. Kim, B. Ku, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 35 (2012) 128.
I. Ciani, H. Schulze, D. K. Corrigan, G. Henihan, G. Giraud, J. G. Terry, A. J. Walton, R. Pethig, P. Ghazal, J. Crain, C. J. Campbell, T. T. Bachmann, A. R. Mount,
Biosensors and Bioelectronics 31 (2012) 413.

General Catalogue | page 11

Screen-Printed Gold Electrode (Aux.: Pt; Ref.: Ag)

Refs. 250AT, 250BT
Working (4 mm diameter) electrode made of Gold, with high (250AT) and low (250BT) temperature curing inks. Counter electrode made of
Platinum and reference electrode made of Silver. Ideal for working with 50 L volume.
Article where DropSens ref. 250AT Screen-printed Gold electrodes have been used:
V. Serafn, L. Ag, P. Yez-Sedeo, J.M. Pingarrn, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 656 (2011) 152.

Screen-Printed Platinum Electrode

Ref. 550
Working (4 mm diameter) and counter electrode made of Platinum. Ideal for working with 50 L volume.
DropSens Screen-Printed Platinum Electrodes (SPPEs) exhibit a high electrochemical activity and good repeatability. An example is observed
for the K3[Fe(CN)6] electrochemical process obtained with 5 different SPPEs; RSD = 2.6%.
1.5
1.0

I (A)

0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-0.2

30 m
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of the platinum
working electrode surface (ref. 550)

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

E (V)
Cyclic voltammograms of 110-4 M K3[Fe(CN)6] in 0.1 M
KCl electrolyte solution at a scan rate of 50 mV/s. n = 5

Screen-Printed Silver Electrode

Ref. C013
Working electrode (1.6 mm diameter) is made of Silver. Counter electrode made of Carbon
and reference electrode and electric contacts are made of Silver. Ideal for working with
50 L volume.

Optically Transparent Screen-Printed Electrodes

Refs. ITO10, P10
Two materials of very different nature are offered to achieve a transparent 4 mm diameter
working electrode: ITO (ref. ITO10) and PEDOT (ref. P10). Both types include a Carbon
Counter electrode and a Silver Reference electrode, on a transparent polyester substrate, with
our standard strip dimensions.
These disposable Optically Transparent Electrodes are suitable for working with
microvolumes, for decentralized assays or to develop specific sensors. Specially designed for
ElectroChemiLuminiscence or Spectroelectrochemical applications.

General Catalogue | page 12

Thick-film Electrodes
Refs. CU10, BI10, TI10, SB10, CR10, NI10, SN10
Working electrode (4 mm diameter) is available in a wide range of metals, in a thick film presentation. With a Carbon Counter electrode and
a Silver
Reference electrode.
A)

I(

Suitable for working with 50L volumes and ideal for decentralized assays or to develop specific (bio)sensors, with some recommended
applications e.g. heavy metal detection with Bismuth electrode. Also useful for undergraduate lab, to avoid tedious polishing of solid
electrodes.
Thick-film electrodes are individually sealed for an effective metal preservation.

General geometry and Working electrode SEM images

General Catalogue | page 13

General geometry
Ref. CU10, actual size

Ref. BI10 (Bismuth)

Ref. CU10 (Copper)

Ref. TI10 (Titanium)

Ref. SB10 (Antimony)

Ref. CR10 (Chromium)

Ref. NI10 (Nickel)

Ref. SN10 (Tin)

8X format Screen-Printed Electrodes

Refs. 8X110, 8X220AT, 8X550
Screen-printed electrochemical array formed by eight 3-electrode
electrochemical cells with 2.56 mm diameter working electrodes
(Carbon in ref. 8X110; Gold in ref. 8X220AT; Platinum in ref. 8X550).
These disposable electrodes are suitable for working with
microvolumes, for decentralized assays or to develop specific
sensors. Specially designed for the development of multiple
simultaneous
analysis by means of a multichannel system like our
A)

Stat
I ( 8000 MultiPotentiostat/Galvanostat.
Useful to be used with standard multichannel micropipettes.
Ceramic substrate dimensions: 33 x 78 x 1 mm
Counter electrodes are the same material as working electrodes.
Reference electrodes are made of silver.
The system can be customised with other working electrode
choice
materials including our full range of nanomaterials-modified
A)

carbon.
A)
I(

I(

Ref. 8X110 has been used in the following research paper:

D. Martn-Yerga, M. B. Gonzlez-Garca, A. Costa-Garca, Sensors
and Actuators B 182 (2013) 184.

96X format Screen-Printed Electrodes (Electrochemical Microtiter ELISA Plates)

Refs.: 96X110, 96X220
Screen-printed electrochemical array formed by 96 three-electrode electrochemical cells with 2.56 mm diameter working electrodes (Carbon
in ref. 96X110; Gold in ref. 96X220), presented on the bottom of a standard microtiter ELISA plate with 96 microwells.
96x3 Gold plated contact pads are printed on the backside of the plates for a neat connection with our suitable connector (see pag 29).
Electrochemical detection can be easily coupled to ELISA assays by using standard instrumentation already available in any lab.
Standard volumes around 300-400 L can be used in the wells to carry out affinity interactions. In the detection step any electrochemical
technique can be applied and any electrochemical parameter can be easily optimized.
Substrate dimensions: L 7.4cm x W 11cm x H 0.5 mm
Electric contacts: Gold
Counter electrodes are the same material as working electrodes. Reference electrodes are made of silver.
The system can be customised with other working electrode choice materials including our full range of nanomaterials-modified carbon (see
following pages).

General Catalogue | page 14

Modified Carbon SPEs

These modifications give different properties to Screen-printed Carbon electrodes making them suitable for diverse applications.
Modifications
are applied to Working Electrode; Counter Electrode is made of Carbon. Three main kinds of modifications
A)
areI (applied: with metal oxides, with electrochemical mediators and with nanomaterials.
Streptavidin modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes
Refs. 110STR, 96X110STR
Streptavidin modified SPCEs provide a stable high affinity surface for a large variety of biotinylated molecules. They are proposed as
a versatile platform for the development of several kinds of (bio)sensors.
This streptavidine modification is offered in the single strip format (ref. 110STR) and in the 96X format (ref. 96X110STR, Screen-Printed
Electrochemical Microtiter ELISA Plates, see previous page), for an easier multiple sample handling.
Working electrode is made of Streptavidin/Carbon, counter electrode is made of Carbon and reference electrode is made of Silver.

Polyaniline modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode

15

10

I (A)

Ref. 110PANI
These disposable Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes
modified with Polyaniline are designed for the
development of (bio)sensors with an enhanced
electrochemical active area.
Working electrode (4 mm) is made of PANi / Carbon;
counter electrode is made of Carbon and reference
electrode is made of Silver.

-5

-10

0.1

0.2

0.3

E (V)

0.4

0.5

0.6

-4
Cyclic voltammograms of 110 M Dopamine in 0.01M HCl at
50 mV/s. Samples = 5 PANi SPCEs (ref. DRP-110PANI). RSD% = 4%

Metal Oxides Modified Carbon SPEs

Bismuth Oxide Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode (W.: Bi2O3/C; Aux.: C; Ref.: Ag)
Ref. 110BI
These disposable carbon electrodes modified with Bismuth (III) oxide are ideal for the environmental friendly determination of heavy metals
at ppb levels. Useful as well for research labs to avoid mercury based electrodes.
Working electrode (4 mm) is made of Bismuth (III) Oxide / Carbon, counter electrode is made of Carbon and reference electrode is made of
Silver.
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0

I (A)

8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
-2.0
1 mm.

SEM image of Bismuth (III) Oxide / Carbon

working electrode surface (ref. 110BI).

General Catalogue | page 15

I / A

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

E (V)

Square wave voltammograms of 500 ppb Zn(II) and 100 ppb Pb(II) in
0.2 M acetate buffer solution, pH 4.6. Edep -1.6 V, tdep 600 s.

Nickel Oxide modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode (W.: NiO/C; Aux.: C; Ref.: Ag)
Ref. 110NI
These disposable carbon electrodes modified with
Nickel (II) Oxide (NiO) are designed, among other
applications,
as
electrocatalysts
for
the
electrochemical oxidation of small organic
molecules such as carbohydrates, aminoacids
and alcohols.

1.4
1.2
1.0

I (mA)

0.8
0.6
0.4

Working electrode (4 mm) is made of Nickel (II) Oxide /

Carbon, counter electrode is made of Carbon and
reference electrode is made of Silver.

0.2
0.0
-0.2
0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

E (V)

Linear voltammograms of DRP-110NI obtained in 0.1 M

NaOH, in absence (black curve) and presence of 3 mM (blue
curve) and 5 mM (green curve) glucose.

Nanomaterials Modified Carbon SPEs

DropSens incorporates Nanotechnology benefits to SPEs to enhance their analytical performance.
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes modified SPEs
Ref. 110CNT

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes modified SPEs

Ref. 110SWCNT

SPEs modified with Carboxyl functionalised Multi- and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Suitable for the development of electrochemical
biosensors with an enhanced active area and better electronic transfer properties, retaining the electrocatalytic properties of carbon nanotubes.
Working electrode (4 mm diameter) is made of Carbon Nanotubes, counter electrode is made of Carbon.
They show great stability so they can be used in a Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) system.

SEM comparative images of working electrodes

Screen-Printed
Carbon Electrode
A)

I(

5 m

1 m

Multi-Walled Carbon
Nanotubes modified SPE

5 m

1 m

Ref. 110CNT has been used in these articles:

J.P. Metters, M. Gomez-Mingot, J. Iniesta, R.O. Kadara, C.E. Banks, Sensors and Actuators B 177 (2013) 1043.
Tsz W.B. Lo, Leigh Aldous, Richard G. Compton, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 162 (2012) 361.
F. Rohrbach, H. Karadeniz, A. Erdem, M. Famulok, G. Mayer, Analytical Biochemistry 421 (2012) 454.
A. Erdem, H. Karadeniz, P. E. Canavar, G. Congur, Electroanalysis (2012)
Erdem, H. Karadeniz, A. Caliskan, Analyst 136 (2011) 1041.
A.i (nA)
R. Cristescu, C. Popescu, A.C. Popescu, I.N. Mihailescu, A.A. Ciucu, A. Andronie, S. Iordache, I. Stamatin, E. Fagadar-Cosma, D.B. Chrisey, Materials
Science and Engineering B 169 (2010) 106.
C.Tortolini, M.Di Fusco, M.Frasconi, G.Favero, F.Mazzei, Microchemical Journal 96 (2010) 301.
A.Bonanni, M.J.Esplandiu, M. del Valle, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 26 (2010) 1245.
General Catalogue | page 16

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.0

2.0

1.0

1.5

I (A)

I (A)

4.0

0.0

110-2 M

510-3 M

1.0

2.510-3 M
110-3 M

0.5

-1.0

110-4 M

2.510-4 M

510-4 M

0.0

-2.0

-0.5

-3.0
-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

240

480

720

E (V)
Cyclic voltammograms of 110-4 M dopamine in 0.01 M HCl at 50 mV/s show better

electron-transfer properties in ref. 110CNT (

960

1200

1440

t (s)

) than in ref. 110 (

).

Figure shows amperometric responses for increasing H2O2 concentrations (from

110-4 M to 110-2 M) at a Ref. 110CNT. Edet +0.6 V; Flow rate 2.2 ml/min.

Graphene modified SPEs

20.0

Ref. 110GPH
Graphene modified Screen-Printed Carbon electrodes are designed for the
development of (bio) sensors with an enhanced electrochemical active area
and better electronic transfer properties.

10.0
5.0

l (A)

The electrochemical cell consists of:

15.0

0.0
-5.0

Working electrode: Graphene / Carbon (4 mm diameter)

Counter electrode: Carbon
Reference electrode: Silver

-10.0
-15.0

-0.2 -0.1 0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8 0.9

E (V)

Cyclic voltammograms of 110-4 M Dopamine in 0.01M HCl at 50 mV/s.

Samples = 5 Graphene SPCEs (ref. DRP-110GPH). RSD% = 5%

Ref. 110GPH has been used in these articles:

Yang Xin, Xiao Fu-bing, Lin Hong-wei, Wu Feng, Chen Di-zhao, Wu Zhao-yang, Electrochimica Acta 109 (2013) 750.
J.J. Castillo, W.E. Svendsen, N. Rozlosnik, P. Escobar, F. Martnez and J.Castillo-Len, Analyst 138 (2013) 1026.
S. Eissa, C. Tlili, L. L'Hocine, M. Zourob, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 38 (2012) 308.

Carbon Nanofibres modified SPEs

4.0
3.0
2.0

I (A)

Ref. 110CNF
Graphitized Carbon Nanofibres (CNFs) modified Screen-Printed Carbon
Electrodes (SPCEs) are designed for the development of (bio) sensors with
an enhanced electrochemical active area.

5.0

The electrochemical cell consists of:

1.0
0.0
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
-4.0

Working electrode: Carbon Nanofibres / Carbon (4 mm diameter)

-5.0

Counter electrode: Carbon

Reference electrode: Silver

Working electrode(s): Mesoporous Carbon / Carbon

Counter electrode: Carbon
Reference electrode: Silver

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

E (V)

0.4

0.6

Cyclic voltammograms of 110-4 M hydroquinone in 0.1 M acetate buffer solution pH

5.0 at 50 mV/s. n = 5 (different CNFs SPCEs ref. DRP-110CNF). RSD% = 4%

Mesoporous Carbon modified SPEs

8.0
6.0
4.0

I (A)

Ref. 110MC
Mesoporous Carbon modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes (SPCEs)
are designed for the development of (bio)sensors with an enhanced
electrochemical active area and enhanced electronic transfer properties.

-0.6

2.0
0.0
-2.0
-4.0
-6.0
-8.0

-0.5

-0.3

-0.1

0.1

0.3

0.5

E (V)

Cyclic voltammograms of 110-4 M hydroquinone in 0.1 M acetate buffer solution pH

5.0 at 50 mV/s show better electron-transfer properties in ref. 110MC (
) than in
conventional SPCE ref. 110 (
)
General Catalogue | page 17

Ordered Mesoporous Carbon modified SPEs

25

Ref. 110OMC
Ordered Mesoporous Carbon modified Screen-Printed Carbon
Electrodes (SPCEs) are designed for the development of
(bio)sensors with an enhanced electrochemical active area and
enhanced electronic transfer properties.

20

I (A)

15
DRP-110OMC

10

Working electrode(s): Ordered Mesoporous Carbon / Carbon

Counter electrode: Carbon

DRP-110

20

40

60

80

100

t (s)
Amperometric detection of H2O2 in a FIA system shows a higher response to
-5
) than to 510-4 M in conventional SPCE ref. 110
110 M in ref. 110OMC (
( ). Edet +0.3V; Flow rate: 1.8 mL/min; Flow carrier: 0.1 M PBS pH 7.2.
-5

Reference electrode: Silver

Gold Nanoparticles modified SPEs

Ref. 110GNP
Gold Nanoparticles Screen-printed Carbon electrodes are
designed for the development of (bio)sensors with enhanced
electronic transfer properties.
The electrochemical cell consists of:
Working electrode: Gold Nanoparticles / Carbon (4 mm diameter)
Counter electrode: Carbon
50 m

Reference electrode: Silver

SEM image of working electrode

Ref. 110GNP has been used in these articles:

F. Kuralay, S. Campuzano, D.A. Haake, J. Wang, Talanta 85 (2011) 1873.
D. Du, L. Wang, Y. Shao, J. Wang, M.H. Engelhard, Y. Lin, Anal. Chem. 83 (2011) 746.
M. Labib, S. Mart, P.O. Shipman, H.B. Kraatz, Talanta 85 (2011) 770.

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Gold Nanoparticles modified SPEs

Ref. 110CNT-GNP

Carbon Nanofibres-Gold Nanoparticles modified SPEs

Ref. 110CNF-GNP

Graphene-Gold Nanoparticles modified SPEs

Ref. 110GPH-GNP

These disposable Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes (SPCEs) modified with a combination of three different Carbon Nanomaterials
plus Gold Nanoparticles, are designed for the development of (bio)sensors with enhanced electronic transfer properties.
Working electrode(s): CNT/CNF/GPH-GNP / Carbon
Counter electrode: Carbon
Reference electrode: Silver
SEM image of working electrode

0.5 m

0.5 m

110CNT-GNP

0.5 m

110CNF-GNP

110GPH-GNP
General Catalogue | page 18

Electrochemical Mediators/Carbon SPEs

They show great stability so they can be used in a Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) system.
Co-Phthalocyanine
Ref. 410
The electrodes include Co-Phthalocyanine as electrochemical mediator in the working electrode and are ideal for the determination of
hydrogen peroxide at a low detection potential. These electrodes are recommended for the development of enzymatic biosensors based
on oxidases.
Working electrode (4 mm) is made of Carbon/Co-Phtahlocyanine, counter electrode is made of Carbon.
2500

120

110-5 M
2000

80

510-6 M

i (nA)

60

I (nA)

I (nA)

100

1500
1000

2.510-6 M

40

110-6 M

20

500
0

0
0

100

200

300

400

50

100

150

200

250

300

[H2O2] ( M)

t (s)
Amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide in a flow
injection analysis system with our easy to use flow cell (see
page 18). The amperometric responses for decreasing H2O2
concentrations at a ref. 410 electrode show neither fouling nor
memory effects. Edet +0.4 V; Flow rate 2.2 ml/min; Flow carrier
0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2

Calibration curve for hydrogen peroxide (in a 0.1 M phosphate

buffer pH 7.2) from 110-6 M to 2.510-4 M in a FIA system using
our Screen-printed Co-Phthalocyanine/Carbon electrodes.
Edet +0.4 V; Flow rate 2.2 ml/min

Meldolas Blue
Ref. 610
The electrodes include Meldolas Blue as electrochemical mediator in the working electrode and are ideal for the determination of NADH at
a low detection potential. These electrodes are recommended for the development of enzymatic biosensors based on dehydrogenases.
Working electrode (4 mm) is made of Carbon/Meldolas Blue, counter electrode is made of Carbon.
500

800

450

700

400

600
500

300

I (nA)

I (nA)

350
250
200
150

510-5 M

400
300
200

100

100

50

110 M
-6

510-6 M

110-5 M

0
-50

110-4 M

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

t (s)
Amperometric detection of NADH in a flow injection analysis
system with our easy to use Flow-cell. The amperometric
responses for 510-5 M NADH at a ref. 610 electrode do not
show any fouling effect. RSD% = 4, n = 12.
Edet +0.1 V; Flow rate 2 ml/min; Flow carrier 0.1 M phosphate
buffer, pH 6.0 and 0.1 M KCl.

General Catalogue | page 19

-100

100

200

300

400

500

600

t (s)
Analysis of NADH between 110-6 M and 110-4 M is presented in the
figure.
Edet +0.1 V; Flow rate 2 ml/min; Flow carrier 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH
6.0 and 0.1 M KCl.

Prussian Blue
Ref. 710
The electrode includes Prussian Blue as electrochemical mediator in the working electrode and is ideal for the determination of hydrogen
peroxide at a low detection potential. These electrodes are recommended for the development of enzymatic biosensors based on
oxidases.
Working electrode (4 mm) is made of Carbon/Prussian Blue, counter electrode is made of Carbon.
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

50

100

150

200

250

300

-300
-400

-500

I (nA)

I (nA)

-300
A)

I(
-400

-600

2.510-5

-500

510-5

-600

-700

-700

-800

-800

t (s)

110-5

Amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide in a flow injection

analysis system with our easy to use Flow-cell. The amperometric
responses for 110-4 M H2O2 at a ref. 710 electrode do not show
any fouling effect. RSD% = 3.2, n = 15.
Edet -0.1 V; Flow rate 2.2 ml/min; Flow carrier 0.1 M phosphate
buffer, pH 6.0 and 0.1 M KCl.

110-4

t (s)

Analysis of hydrogen peroxide between 110-5 M and 110-4 M is presented

in the figure.
Edet -0.1 V; Flow rate 2.2 ml/min; Flow carrier 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH
6.0 and 0.1 M KCl.

Ferrocyanide
Ref. F10
The electrodes include Ferrocyanide as electrochemical mediator in the working electrode and are ideal for the determination of hydrogen
peroxide at a low detection potential. These electrodes are recommended for the development of enzymatic biosensors based on oxidases.
Working electrode (4 mm) is made of Carbon/Ferrocyanide, counter electrode is made of Carbon.
0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

10

20

30

40

50

60

-1.0

-0.2

blank
2.510-5 M
510-5 M
110-4 M
2.510-4 M
510-4 M
110-3 M
2.510-3 M
510-3 M
110-2 M

-2.0

I (A)

I (A)

-0.4
-0.6

A)
-0.8
I(
-1.0

-3.0
-4.0

i (A)

-5.0
-6.0
-7.0

-1.2

t (s)

Amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide in a flow injection analysis

system with our easy to use Flow-cell. The amperometric responses for
110-3 M H2O2 at a ref. F10 electrode do not show any fouling effect.
RSD% = 3.5, n = 10.
Edet -0.15 V; Flow rate 2 ml/min; Flow carrier 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH
6.5 and 0.1 M KCl.

-8.0

70

t (s)

These Ferrocyanide/Carbon Electrodes (ref. F10) can also be used in batch, for
chronoamperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide using a drop of 40 L of
sample.
In this assay different electrodes are used for each measurement. Analysis of
hydrogen peroxide between 2.510-5 M and 110-3 M is presented in the figure. Edet
-0.15 V (60 s); Electrolyte solution 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 and 0.1 M KCl.

Articles where DropSens Electrochemical Mediators/Carbon SPEs have been used:

N.A. Hirst, L.D. Hazelwood, D.G. Jayne, P.A. Millner, Sensors and Actuators B 186 (2013) 674.
J. Noiphung, T. Songjaroen, W. Dungchai, C.S. Henry, O. Chailapakul, W. Laiwattanapaisal, Analytica Chimica Acta 788 (2013) 39.
E. Costa Rama, J. Biscay, M. B. Gonzlez Garca, A. J. Reviejo, J. M. Pingarrn Carrazn, Agustn Costa Garca, Analytica Chimica Acta 728 (2012) 69.
J.Biscay, E.Costa Rama, M.B.Gonzlez Garca, A.Julio Reviejo, J.M.Pingarrn Carrazn, A.Costa Garca, Talanta 88 (2012) 432.
i (nA)
S.Hidouri, Z.M.Baccar, H.Abdelmelek, T.Noguer, J.L.Marty, M.Camps, Talanta 85 (2011) 1882.
I.Quiros-Gonzalez, R.M.Sainz, D.Hevia, J.C.Mayo , Free Radical Biology and Medicine 50 (2011) 525.

General Catalogue | page 20

Dual SPEs
Screen-Printed Electrodes with two elliptic working electrodes, one counter electrode and a silver reference electrode. These electrodes may
be used with DropSens Stat200 and Stat400 portable Bipotentiostats (see page 5) or with any kind of bipotentiostat. They are aimed at
detecting two signals simultaneously, allowing (differential) measurement of two analytes in the solution.
Our 15 Dual SPEs references have analogous electrochemical behaviour as their equivalent single-working SPEs.

CE

CE

WE 2

RE

WE 1

WE 1
RE

WE 2

Carbon

Bismuth Oxide

Ref. C1110

Ref. C1110BI

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Nickel Oxide

Ref. C1110CNT

Ref. C1110NI

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Mesoporous Carbon

Ref. C1110SWCNT

Ref. C1110MC

Graphene

Ordered Mesoporous Carbon

Ref. C1110GPH

Ref. C1110OMC

Carbon Nanofibres

Streptavidine

Ref. C1110CNF

Ref. C1110STR

Gold Nanoparticles

Carbon Nanotubes/Gold Nanoparticles

Ref. C1110GNP

Ref. C1110CNT-GNP

Polyaniline

Carbon Nanofibres/Gold Nanoparticles

Ref. C1110PANI

Ref. C1110CNF-GNP

Graphene/Gold Nanoparticles
Ref. C1110GPH-GNP

SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF TWO ANTIGENS

Different coating on each electrode

Signal recording

3-IP /Ag+
AP

3-IP /Ag+
AP

Ag0

Ag0

100
90
80

Capture antibody 2
3-IP /Ag+
AP
Ag0

Ag0

60

I ( A)

3-IP /Ag+
AP

70
50
40
30
20
10
0

Capture antibody 1

-10
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

E (V)

Ref. C1110 has been used in:

S. Prez, J. Bartrol, E. Fbregas, Food Chemistry 41 (2013) 4066.
F. Conzuelo, S. Campuzano, M. Gamella, D.G. Pinacho, A.J. Reviejo, M.P. Marco, J.M. Pingarrn, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 50 (2013) 100.
M.M.P.S. Neves, M.B. Gonzlez-Garca, C. Delerue-Matos, A. Costa-Garca, Sensors and Actuators B 187 (2013) 33.
F. Conzuelo, M. Gamella, S. Campuzano, D.G. Pinacho, A. J. Reviejo, M. P. Marco, J. M. Pingarrn, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 36 (2012) 81.
General Catalogue | page 21

Customised SPEs
DropSens has the technology to develop screen-printed electrodes based on customer's designs. The configuration and dimensions of the
electrodes are adapted to customer's requirements. Different kinds of inks can be used and combined in customised electrodes: Carbon,
Gold, Platinum, Silver, Silver/Silver Chloride
Some customised SPEs already manufactured by DropSens following the requirements of several researchers are presented below in real
size:

Ref. C1XX

Ref. CS1

Ref. C2XXBT

Consisting of one Carbon

strip working electrode and a
silver connection (1).

Consisting of one squared

carbon working electrode and
a silver connection.

Consisting of one Gold BT

disc-shaped working electrode
and a silver connection (2).

Ref. 8W1R1C
8 Working: Carbon
1 Counter: Carbon
1 Reference: Ag
Ideal for using with Stat 8000's
Multichannel mode.

Ref. SCA

Ref. X2224BT

One side consisting of one

interdigitated gold electrode
and other side consisting of a
platinum heater.

Dual Working: Gold BT

Counter: Gold BT
Reference: Ag/AgCl

Ref. P-110

Ref. 110BIG

Working: Carbon
Counter : Carbon
Reference: Ag
Substrate: Plastic

Working: Carbon
Counter : Carbon
Reference: Ag

(1) Ref.C1XX has been used in:

A.G.Crevilln, M.Pumera, M.C.Gonzlez, A.Escarpa, Analyst 134 (2009) 657.

Ref. CC1110
Dual Working: Carbon
Counter: Carbon
Reference: Ag

(2) Ref.C2XXBT has been used in:

M.Cortina-Puig, X.Muoz-Berbel, C.Calas-Blanchard, Jean-Louis Marty, Talanta 79 (2009) 289.

General Catalogue | page 22

Interdigitated Electrodes
Composed of two interdigitated electrodes with two connection tracks, on a
transparent glass substrate. Two different widths for bands/gaps available.
DropSens Interdigitated Electrodes (IDEs) offer several advantages, such as working with low volumes of sample and avoiding tedious
polishing of solid electrodes.
The interdigitated configuration typically enhances sensitivity and detection limits. They are suitable for decentralized assays, to develop
specific (bio)sensors and perform other electrochemical studies.
Glass substrate dimensions: L 22.8 x W 7.6 x H 0.7 mm

Interdigitated Gold Electrodes

Refs. G-IDEAU5, G-IDEAU10
Interdigitated electrodes and connection tracks all made of gold.
G-IDEAU5 has 5 m bands and gaps widths. With 250 bands per electrode (total of 500 lines).
G-IDEAU10 has 10 m bands and gaps widths. With 125 bands per electrode (total of 250 lines).

Stereo microscope (left) and AFM 3D (right) images

of G-IDEAU10, 10 m bands/gaps IDE

Interdigitated Platinum Electrodes

Refs. G-IDEPT5, G-IDEPT10
Interdigitated electrodes and connection tracks all made of platinum.
G-IDEPT5 has 5 m bands and gaps widths. With 250 bands per electrode (total of 500 lines).
G-IDEPT10 has 10 m bands and gaps widths. With 125 bands per electrode (total of 250 lines).

Stereo microscope (left) and AFM 3D (right) images

of G-IDEPT5, 5 m bands/gaps IDE

General Catalogue | page 23

Accessories
Wall-jet Flow-Cell for flow injection analysis systems (FIA).
Connectors between screen-printed electrodes and any kind of potentiostat.
Connectors between DropSens Potentiostats and any kind of electrode.

Flow Cell for Screen-Printed Electrodes

Ref. FLWCL
DropSens Flow-Cell is a methacrylate wall-jet Flow-Cell for FIA, with an innovative open-close system (no screws needed) and an easy
sensors replacement.

Due to the transparency of the material, the

possible presence of bubbles is easily
detectable.

An O-ring limits the volume of the

electrochemical cell.

It can be used with all DropSens

screen-printed electrodes.

INLET
FLOW

INLET
FLOW

OUTLET
FLOW

OUTLET
FLOW

This cell is designed to obtain an inlet flow perpendicular to the electrodes surface,
and an outlet flow forming a 45 angle.

The use of our Cable Connector ref. CAC (see

page 28) allows an easy connection to any
potentiostat.

DropSens Flow-Cell has been used for flow injection analysis with screen-printed electrodes in:
M. Nadeem Zafar, G.Safina, R. Ludwig, L. Gorton, Analytical Biochemistry 425 (2012) 36.
J. D. Mozo, J. Carbajo, J. C. Sturm, L. J. Nez-Vergara, P. Salgado, J. A. Squella, Electroanalysis 3 (2012) 676.
M. Garca, A. Escarpa, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 26 (2011) 2527.
General Catalogue | page 24

Customised Flow Cells for Screen-Printed Electrodes

DropSens is also able to manufacture tailored flow-cells following customer's specifications, including different designs and materials. We
have provided researchers with a number of solutions like a flow-cell with a smaller O-ring to enclose working electrode only, a flow-cell
associated to an electromagnet, or a cell with a conical well to perform batch analysis.

Our standard flow cell can also be manufactured in Teflon,

Polypropylene and PEEK.

Modified cell with a conical well which allows to work with required
amount of solution in batch analysis.

Available in Methacrylate and also in Teflon (ref. FLWCL-TEF),

Polypropylene (ref. FLWCL-P) and PEEK (ref. FLWCL-PEEK)
suitable to work with organic solvents.

Available in Methacrylate (ref. CFLWCL-CONIC) and also in Teflon

(ref. CFLWCL-CONIC-TEF), Polypropylene and PEEK suitable to
work with organic solvents.

Modified flow-cell only for the working electrode including an

O-ring that keeps counter and reference electrodes isolated from
the flowing solution.

Flow-cell associated with a powered magnet designed to do FIA

with magnetic beads (ref. CFLWCL-MAGN):

Available in Methacrylate (ref. CFLWCL-WE) and also in Teflon

(ref. CFLWCL-WE-TEF), Polypropylene and PEEK suitable to
work with organic solvents.

A switch allows to easily turn on and off the magnet.

Image shows the strong attraction applied to the SPEs sensing
area by the potent magnet.

Flow Cell Accessories

Refs. PPUMP, VALVE, FLOW FITTINGS, PVCTUBE
DropSens supplies all the required accessories to set-up a full Flow Injection Analysis system, including peristaltic pump, injection valves,
grippers and tubing.

General Catalogue | page 25

Flow-Cells for 8X format Screen-Printed Electrodes

They can be used with all 8X format DropSens Screen-Printed Electrodes, allowing Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) with multiple simultaneous
measurements by means of a multichannel system like our Stat 8000 MultiPotentiostat/Galvanostat.
Their top part is made of methacrylate, which allows high visibility in the case of bubbles appear. The open-close system of the cell consists
of two screws that make an effective sealing of the cell.
Ref. FLWCL8X
Eight channels wall-jet Flow-Cell, designed to obtain an inlet
perpendicular flow to the working electrodes surface.
8 O-rings delimit the volume of the 8 independent electrochemical cells.

Ref. FLWCL8X1C
One-Channel Flow-Cell that allows a thin layer flow over the
8 electrochemical cells.
One elliptical O-ring delimits the volume of the 8 electrochemical cells.

Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) System with Electrochemical Detection

Ref. FIAEC200, FIAEC400
Flow-Injection Analysis (FIA)
system with Electrochemical
Detection (FIA-ED) has many
applications in the laboratory
and in process control as it is a
powerful tool for analysis. Its
versatility
relies
in
its
self-adaptation for different
configurations depending on
the design of the chemical
experiment.

FIAEC200/400 is a package with all the needed components to set up a continuous electrochemical analysis system:
Peristaltic Pump (ref. PPUMP).
PVC tubes for peristaltic pump, including several diameters (ref. PVCTUBE).

Manual Sample Injection Valve, including 0.5 mL, 1.0 mL and 2.5 mL sample loops (ref. VALVE).
Flow-Cell for Screen-Printed Electrodes (ref. FLWCL).

Flow-fittings Pack, including 2 nuts for grippers, 2 grippers and 80 cm of tubing 1/16 (ref. FLOWFITTINGS).

Stat 200 Bipotentiostat (ref. STAT200) or Stat 400 Bipotentiostat/Galvanostat (ref. STAT400), depending on customers
instrument choice. Both instruments include:
Boxed connector for screen-printed electrodes (ref. DSC)
75 screen-printed carbon electrodes reference (ref. 110)
STAT Cable connector for screen-printed electrodes (ref. CAST)
USB connector and DropView Software.
Cable connector for any kind of electrode
Two bottles as reservoir and waste containers, tubing, Teflon tape and a test tube.
General Catalogue | page 26

Cells for Screen-Printed Electrodes

Ref. CELL, TCELL
These methacrylate vessels are designed to perform batch
analysis with larger volumes of solution (5-8 mL), allowing optional
stirring by means of a magnet stirrer. They are suitable for working
with deaerated samples and ideal to carry out standard
additions.
The Thermostatic Cell for screen-printed electrodes (ref.
TCELL) additionally allows temperature control of the sample by
means of an outter thermostatic jacket.

Outlet Flow

They can also be made of different materials or customised to

insert more screen-printed electrodes.

Inlet Flow

Magnetic supports for Screen-Printed Electrodes

Magnetic holding stands designed for analysis assisted by magnetic bead-based separation. These accessories are able to entrap and better
confine the magnetic beads onto the SPE's working electrode surface.
Ref. MAGNET
Compatible with the standard DropSens SPE geometry i.e. 4 mm
working electrode diameter and sensing area in the middle of the strip.

Ref. MAGNET8X
It can be used with all 8X format Screen-Printed Electrodes i.e. arrays
formed by eight 3-electrode electrochemical cells, thus allowing
multiple simultaneous analysis by means of a multichannel system like
our Stat 8000 MultiPotentiostat/Galvanostat.

Ref. MAGNET96X
Compatible with the 96X format Screen-Printed Electrodes i.e.
electrochemical ELISA plates, thus allowing multiple simultaneous
analysis by means of a multichannel system like our Stat 8000
MultiPotentiostat/Galvanostat.

Ref. MAGNET has been used in:

M. Freitas, S. Viswanathan, H.P.A. Nouws, M.B.P.P. Oliveira, C. Delerue-Matos, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 51 (2014) 195.

Membrane for Screen-Printed Electrodes

Ref. MEMB
This adhesive membrane is designed to perform analysis with small
volumes of solution or sample (7,5-15 L), allowing a good covering
of the 3 electrodes system in our Screen-Printed Electrodes.
The membrane is a mesh consisting of a monofilament fabric of
polyamide, with an open area of 35%. It fits with the most of our
screen-printed electrodes in-catalogue. Just stick it on your SPE and
work as usual but placing smaller volumes of sample.

General Catalogue | page 27

Boxed Connector for Screen-Printed Electrodes

Dimensions 8.0 x 4.0 x 3.5 cm (length x Width x Height).
They operate as interfaces between DropSens SPEs and any kind of potentiostat. Recommended when working by placing
microvolume drops on our SPEs.
Ref. DSC
Connects single (1 WE) SPEs to any kind of potentiostat.

Ref. BIDSC
Connects dual (2 WE) SPEs to any kind of bipotentiostat.

Cable Connectors for SPEs and IDEs

Flexible cables of 1 m length which operate as an interface between our SPEs or IDEs and any kind of potentiostat.

Ref. CAC
Connects single (1 WE) SPEs to any kind of potentiostat.
Recommended when using DropSens SPEs in conjunction with our Flow-Cells and
Cells, or by dipping the SPEs in solution.

Ref. BICAC
Connects dual (2 WE) SPEs to any kind of bipotentiostat.
Recommended when using DropSens SPEs in conjunction with our Flow-Cells and
Cells, or by dipping the SPEs in solution.

Ref. CAC8X
Connects 8X format SPEs (array of 8 electrochemical cells) to any kind of
multipotentiostat.

Ref. CACIDE
Connects Interdigitated Electrodes (IDEs) to any kind of potentiostat.

General Catalogue | page 28

Connector for format 96X Screen-Printed Electrodes

Ref. CONNECTOR96X
Connector that acts as an interface between the 96X format
Screen-Printed Electrodes (electrochemical ELISA plates) and any
kind of (multichannel or mono) potentiostat.
This device is powered by a 12 V adaptor and has 2 mm female
connectors in the front panel that allow the connection to any
potentiostat through suitable 2 mm bananas-fitted cables.
On the top panel, 96x3 gold plated retractile pins secure a smart
connection to the electrochemical ELISA plate back pads.
Up to 8 wells of the same column can be measured at the same
time by means of a multichannel system like our Stat 8000
MultiPotentiostat/Galvanostat, just by selecting the chosen
column number.
Also, single measurements of any particular well can be performed:
two manual rotating selectors allow to choose row letter (A to H)
and column number (1 to 12) of the well to be measured.
Dimensions: 26 x 25 x 9 cm (Lenght x Width x Height).

STAT Cable Connectors for Screen-Printed Electrodes

Flexible cables of 1 m length which operate as an interface between our SPEs and DropSens potentiostats.
Ref. CAST
Connects single (1 WE) SPEs to STAT 200,
STAT 400 and STAT 8000.
Recommended when using DropSens SPEs
in conjunction with our Flow-Cells and Cells,
or by dipping the SPEs in solution.

Ref. BICAST
Connects dual (2 WE) SPEs to STAT 200
and STAT 400 BiPotentiostats.
Recommended when using DropSens SPEs
in conjunction with our Flow-Cells and Cells,
or by dipping the SPEs in solution.

Ref. CAST8X
Connects 8X format SPEs (array of 8
electrochemical cells) to STAT 8000 Multi
Potentiostat/Galvanostat.

Ref. CAST1X8
Connects up to 8 single (1 WE) SPEs to
STAT 8000 Multi Potentiostat/Galvanostat.

STAT 8000 Cable Connectors for any kind of electrodes

Flexible cables 1 meter long which operate as an interface between STAT 8000 and any kind of conventional electrode, by means of 2 mm
bananas and alligator clip connections.
Ref. CABSTAT1
Connects one node of STAT 8000 to any
kind of electrochemical cell formed by one
working, one auxiliary and one reference
electrode.

General Catalogue | page 29

Ref. CABSTATMULTI
Connects STAT 8000s Multichannel to
any kind of electrochemical cell formed by
up to eight working electrodes, one auxiliary
and one reference electrode.

Nanomaterials
Available as solid chemicals and also in solutions especially designed for
electrode surface modification. Their unique properties make these innovative
materials useful for electronic, mechanical or analytical applications, among
others.

Carbon nanotubes

Produced by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) and purified to remove free amorphous carbon deposits and metallic catalyst particles.
DropSens Carbon Nanotubes have a majority of open ends.
Functional groups (COOH or NH2) are optionally applied to Carbon Nanotubes to modify their surface chemistry characteristics and to
ease their dispersion in solvents.

Solid Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Solid Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes are purified to more than 95% C. They have an average diameter of 10 nm and an average length
of 1.5 m.

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Ref. MWCNT

COOH functionalised Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Ref. MWCNTCOOH
- COOH functionalisation is approx. 5%, measured by XPS.

NH2 functionalised Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Ref. MWCNTNH2
- NH2 functionalisation is approx. 0.5%, measured by XPS.

Solid Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes are purified to more than 80% C.
Specific surface BET > 1000 m2/g, diameter of 2 nm, and length of several microns.

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

COOH functionalised Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Ref. SWCNT

Ref. SWCNTCOOH
- COOH functionalisation is approx. 5%, measured by XPS.

COOH Functionalised Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Solution

Ref. CNTSOL
Nanotubes present in solution have an average diameter of 10 nm and an
average length varying from 0.5 to 10 m.

100 nm

Articles where DropSens Carbon nanotubes have been used:

N. Karadas, S. Sanli, B. Akmese, B. Dogan-Topal, A. Can, S.A. Ozkan, Talanta 115 (2013) 911.
I. Taurino, V. Van Hoof, G. De Micheli, S. Carrara, Thin Solid Films (2013)
B.V.M. Silva, I.T. Cavalcanti, M.M.S. Silva, R.F. Dutra, Talanta (2013)
T.M.B.F. Oliveira, M.F. Barroso, S. Morais, P. de Lima-Neto, A.N. Correia, M.B.P.P. Oliveira, C. Delerue-Matos, Talanta 106 (2013) 137.
General Catalogue | page 30

Graphene
Graphene is a two dimensional sheet of sp2-bonded carbon atoms tightly packed into a hexagonal configuration. Graphene possesses
exceptional
properties, such as large surface area and high electrical and thermal conductivity.
A)

I(

Graphene Oxide

DropSens Graphene Oxide has been prepared by a modification of the Hummers method. This
yields a material with a significant number of oxygen-containing functional groups which assures
homogeneous colloidal suspensions in polar solvents without addition of any surfactant.

Graphene Oxide (Solid)

Ref. GPHOX
Physical appearance: dry free-flowing powder
Colour: brown
Grain size: 0.5 50 m
Solubility: forms homogeneous dispersions in water, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dimethylformamide (DMF)
Applications: solar energy, conductive films, non-volatile memory technology, among others.

Graphene Oxide Solution

50 nm

Graphene Oxide Aqueous Solution

Ref. GPHOXSOL
Ref. GPHOXSOL-AQU
Specially designed for electrode modification providing an enhanced electrochemical active area and improved electronic transfer properties.
Both solutions are homogeneous brown liquids with a graphene oxide concentration of 4 mg/mL.

Graphene Solution
Ref. GPHSOL
DropSens graphene solution is an aqueous, homogeneous, black liquid with a graphene concentration of 2 mg/mL.
The graphene has surface area of 650 - 750 m2/g and an average particle diameter of less than 2 m. The material is composed of
aggregates of sub-micron sized particles so the platelet shape is not dominant.

Carbon Nanofibres
Graphitized Carbon Nanofibres Solution
Ref. CNFSOL
Graphitized Carbon Nanofibres are produced by CVD process. The manufacturing process provides a highly
graphitized material without amorphous carbon (graphitization degree 100%; metallic particles content 0.1 %).
Nanofibres present in solution have an average diameter of 40-80 nm and an average length ranging from
0.5 to 1.5 m. Most of the nanofibres have a helicoidal structure.

Mesoporous Carbon
Mesoporous Carbon Solution
Ref. MCSOL
Mesoporous Carbon Solution is an homogeneous, black liquid containing a high purity mesoporous carbon
nanopowder. Carbon nanoparticles have a surface area >200 m2/g and 64 of average pore diameter.

General Catalogue | page 31

50nm

Metal Nanowires

DropSens Metal Nanowires are produced via the electrochemical deposition on an alumina template. After dissolving the alumina,
purified metal nanowires are obtained.
Nanowires are supplied in ethanol solution with a concentration of 4109 NW/mL.
Specific dimensions are proposed as off-the-shelf products, but our manufacturing process allows customising the dimensions of the
nanowires upon request. Also, different carrier solvents or nanowire concentrations can be requested.

Nickel Nanowires
Ref. NINW
Our standard process produces magnetic Nickel
Nanowires with an average diameter of 150-250 nm and
an average length varying from 6-8 m.

Gold Nanowires
Ref. AUNW
Our standard process produces Gold Nanowires with an
average diameter of 150-250 nm and an average length
available in two ranges: 2-6 m or 12-18 m.

Platinum Nanowires
Ref. PTNW
Our standard process produces Platinum Nanowires with
an average diameter of 150-250 nm and an average
length varying from 10-16 m.

Paladium Nanowires
Ref. PDNW
Our standard process produces Paladium Nanowires
with an average diameter of 150-250 nm and an average
length varying from 25-35 m.

Quantum Dots

DropSens Quantum Dots (QDs) are nanocrystals of inorganic semiconductors that have all three dimensions restricted to the 2 to 8 nm
length scale. They are produced via chemical synthesis at high temperature in an organic solvent.
These nanoparticles are stable and soluble in different solvents with high biocompatibility, fluorescence and electrochemical
properties. Photoactivation is recommended for fluorescence applications.
DropSens offers QDs with a variety of emission wavelengths ranging from 550 nm to 625 nm, since the emission wavelength is determined
by the size and composition of the core.

CdSe Core Quantum Dots

CdSe/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots

Ref. QDCORE

Ref. QDCORESHELL
General Catalogue | page 32

Electrochemistry
Reagents

DropSens offers these enzymatic substrates of Alkaline Phosphatase (AP). After their hydrolysis, they generate electrochemically
active products which can be easily quantified by voltammetric and amperometric measurements, with great interest in affinity assays.
The use of these reagents, instead of other AP substrates, results in lower LODs, wider linear ranges and a simpler methodology for the
detection of the enzymatic product.
Moreover oxidation potentials of the hydrolysis products are lower than those of other AP substrates, reducing the number of potential
interferents able to be oxidised at the electrode surface.
p-AminoPhenyl Phosphate

Ref. PAPP
After its hydrolisis by Alkaline Phosphatase, it generates electrochemically active p-aminophenol.
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0.1

0.2

0.3

Cyclic voltammogram of 3 mM p-APP() and 3 mM

p-APP + Alkaline Phosphatase ()
in 0.1 M Tris-HNO3, 20 mM Mg(NO3)2, pH 9.8 electrolyte
solution at 50 mV/s on a carbon SPE (ref. 110).

Hydroquinone Diphosphate
Ref. HQDP
After its hydrolisis by Alkaline Phosphatase, it generates electrochemically active hydroquinone.
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-0.5

-0.3

-0.1

0.1

Cyclic voltammogram of 3 mM HQDP () and 3 mM

HQDP + Alkaline Phosphatase ()
in 0.1 M Tris-HNO3, 20 mM Mg(NO3)2, pH 9.8 electrolyte
solution at 50 mV/s on a carbon SPE (ref. 110).

Phosphorilated Paracetamol
Ref. PPAR
After its hydrolisis by Alkaline Phosphatase, it generates electrochemically active paracetamol.
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Cyclic voltammogram of 3,5 mM PPAR() and 3,5 mM

PPAR + Alkaline Phosphatase ()
in 0.1 M Tris-HNO , 20 mM Mg(NO ) , pH 9.8 electrolyte
3
32
solution at 50 mV/s on a carbon SPE (ref. 110).

General Catalogue | page 33

Electrochemistry
Lab Kits
These practical kits assist students with or without electrochemical experience to complement their
academic programs by an inquiry-based learning on research experiences.
Every kit contains:
The Professors manual: theoretical and practical guidance on specific electrochemical methods and more extended information about the
experiments. It has the figures corresponding to voltammograms, regression curves, optimized parameters, etc.
The Students manual: a brief explanation about the analyte and an outline of the experiment. Students are guided through the different steps
to develop an analytical method: prepare the standard solutions, apply certain method to do the electrochemical characterization, optimize
the different parameters in a measurement and choose the best ones to develop the method for the analyte quantification.
Screen-printed electrodes to undertake the sessions and analyte samples.
On the plus side, the electrodes are screen-printed, disposable and easier to use than conventional carbon paste or glassy carbon electrodes,
so it is made the most of the practical sessions time. Students do not waste their time preparing the carbon paste or cleaning the glassy
carbon electrode, therefore they learn the electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, square wave
voltammetry, flow-injection amperometry) and the rational design of an analytical method: electrochemical characterization of the analyte,
optimization of parameters such as pH or electrochemical factors (i.e. scan rate), select an adequate method and determine its analytical
characteristics. Finally they apply the developed method to a real sample.

Laboratory Practice - Ascorbic Acid in Juice

Ref. PL1

Laboratory Practice - Uric Acid in Urine

Ref. PL2

Laboratory Practice - Paracetamol in Drugs

Ref. PL3

Laboratory Practice - Copper in Tap Water

Ref. PL4

General Catalogue | page 34

Parque Tecnolgico de Asturias

Edificio CEEI
33428 Llanera (Asturias) Spain
Tel / Fax : (+34) 985 27 76 85
Email : info@dropsens.com