PROBLEMS IN COMPOSITE WALL:

1) A furnace wall consists of three layers. The inner layer of 10cm thickness is made of fire brick
(k= 1.04 W/mK). The intermediate layer of 25cm thickness is made of masonry brick (k= 0.69
W/mK) followed by a 5cm thick concrete wall (k= 1.37 W/mK). When the furnace is in continuous
operation the inner surface of the furnace is at 800C while the outer concrete surface is at 50C.
calculate the rate of heat loss per unit area of the wall, the temperature at the interface of the firebrick
and masonry brick and the temperature at the interface of the masonry brick and concrete. [MAY
2006]
2) An external wall of a house is made up of 10 cm common brick (k= 0.7 W/mK) followed by a
4 cm layer of gypsum plaster (k= 0.48 W/mK). What thickness of loosly packed insulation (k= 0.065
W/mK) should be added to reduce the heat loss through the wall by 80%. [MAY 2004, 1999, 2001]
3) A composite wall consists of 10cm thick layer of building brick, k= 0.7 W/mK and 3cm thick
plaster, k= 0.5 W/mK. An insulating material of k= 0.08 W/mK is to be added to reduce the heat
transfer through the wall by 40%. Find its thickness.
4) The inner dimension of a freezer cabinates are 60 cm 60 cm. the cabinates wall consists of
two 2mm thick steel wall (k= 40 W/mK) separated by a 4 cm layer of fiber glass insulation (k= 0.049
W/mK). The inside temperature is to be maintained at -15C and the outside temperature on a hot
summer day is 45C. calculate the maximum amount of heat transfer, assuming a heat transfer coefficient of 10 W/m2K both on inside and outside of the cabinate also calculate outer surface
temperature of the cabinate. [DEC 2002]
PROBLEMS IN COMPOSITE CYLINDERS:
1) A steel tube with 5cm ID, 7.6cm OD and k= 15 W/mC is covered with an insulative covering
of thickness 2cm and k= 0.2 W/mC. A hot gas at 330C with h= 400 W/m2C flows inside the tube.
The outer surface of the insulation is exposed to cooler air at 30C with h= 60 W/m2C. calculate the
heat loss from the tube to the air for 10 cm of the tube and the temperature drops resulting from the
thermal resistance of the hot gas flow, the steel tube, the insulation layer and the outside air. [2005]
2) A steel tube (k= 43.26 W/mK) of 5.08 cm inner diameter and 7.62 cm outer diameter is
covered with 2.5 cm layer of insulation (k= 0.208 W/mK) the inside surface of the tube receivers heat
from a hot gas at the temperature of 316C with heat transfer co-efficient of 28 W/m 2K. while the
outer surface exposed to the ambient air at 30C with heat transfer co-efficient of 17 W/m2K.
calculate heat loss for 3m length of the tube. [MAY 1998]
PROBLEMS IN COMPOSITE SPHERE:
1) A hollow sphere (k= 65 W/mK) of 120 mm inner diameter and 350 mm outer diameter is
covered 10mm layer of insulation (k= 10 W/mK). The inside and outside temperature are 500C and 50C
respectively. Calculate the rate of heat flow through this sphere.

PROBLEMS IN CRITICAL THICKNESS OF INSULATION:

1) An electrical wire of 10cm length and 1mm diameter dissipates 200W in air at 25C. the
convection heat transfer co-efficient between the wire surface and air is 15 W/m 2K. The thermal
conductivity of wire is 0.582 W/mK. Calculate the critical radius of insulation and also determine the
temperature of the wire if it is insulated to the critical thickness of insulation. [DEC 2006]
2) A wire of 6mm diameter with 2mm thick insulation (k= 0.11 W/mK). If the convection heat
transfer co-efficient between the insulating surface and air is 25 W/m 2K, find the critical thickness of
insulation and also find the percentage of change on the heat transfer rate if the critical radius is used.
PROBLEMS IN INTERNAL HEAT GENERATION:
1) A concrete wall of 1m thick is poured with concrete. The hydration of concrete generates 150
W/m3 heat. If both the surfaces of the wall are maintained at 35C. find the maximum temperature in the
wall. [1999]
2) A plane wall 10 cm thick generates heat at the rate of 4 10 4 W/m3 when an electric current is
passed through it. The convective heat transfer co-efficient between each face of the wall and the ambient
air is 50 W/m2K. Determine
a) The surface temperature
b) The maximum air temperature on the wall. Assume the ambient air temperature to be
20C and the thermal conductivity of the wall material to be 15 W/mK. [MAY 1998]
PROBLEMS IN FINS LONGFIN END NOT INSULTED:
1) One end of the long solid rod of 50mm diameter is inserted into a furnace with the other end is
projecting the atmosphere at 25C. Once the steady state is reached, the temperature of the rod its
measured at two points 20cm apart are found to be 150C and 100C. The convective heat transfer coefficient between the rod and the surrounding air is 30 W/m 2K. Calculate the thermal conductivity of the
rod material.
2) A stainless steel blade of 80mm long, 5 cm 2area, 150mm perimeter and the temperature at the
base of the blade is 750C. The blade is exposed to hot gas at 1000C. The heat transfer co-efficient
between the blade surface and the gas is 500W/m 2K and thermal conductivity is 30 W/mK. Determine the
heat flow at the root of the blade. Assume no heat loss from the tip of the blade.
3) An aluminium alloy fin of 5mm thick and 40mm long protrudes from a wall. The base
temperature is 420C and ambient air temperature is 25C . The heat transfer co-efficient between
aluminium rod and environment is 25 W/m 2K. Calculate the heat loss from the fin of material taking its
thermal conductivity as 200 W/mK.
4) An aluminium alloy fin of 7mm thick and 50mm long protrudes from a wall, which is
maintained at 120C. The ambient air temperature is 22C. The heat transfer co-efficient and conductivity
of the fin material are 140 W/m2K and 55 W/mK respectively. Determine

a) Temperature at the end of the fin.

b) Temperature at the middle of the fin.
c) Total heat dissipated by the fin.
5) An aluminium rod (k= 204 W/mK) 2cm in diameter and 20cm long protrudes from a wall
which is maintained at 300C. The end of the rod is insulated and the surface of the rod is exposed to air
at 30C. The heat transfer co-efficient between the rod surface and air is 10 W/m 2K. Calculate the heat
lost by the rod and the temperature of the rod at a distance of 10cm from the wall. [MAY 2006]
PROBLEMS IN FIN EFFICIENCY:
1) A stainless steel cylindrical rod fin of 1.2 cm diameter and 6 cm height with thermal
conductivity of 25 W/mK is exposed to surrounding with a temperature of 60C. The heat transfer coefficient is 45 W/m2K and the temperature at the base of the fin is 100C. Determine
a) Fin efficiency
b) Temperature at the edge of the rod.
c) Heat dissipation
d) Fin effectiveness.
Assume fin end is indulated
2) A circumferential rectangular fins of 140 mm wide, and 5 mm thick are fitted on a 200 mm
diameter tube. The fin base temperature is 170C and the ambient temperature is 25C. Estimate fin
efficiency and heat loss per fin.
Take
Thermal conductivity, k= 220 W/mK.
Heat transfer co-efficient, h= 140 W/m2K.
PROBLEMS IN FINS SHORT FIN END NOT INSULATED:
1) A straight rectangular fin has a length of 35 mm, thickness of 1.4 mm. The thermal
conductivity is 55 W/mC. The fin is exposed to a convection environment at 20C and h= 500W/m2 C.
Calculated the heat loss for a base temperature of 150C. [DEC 2002]
2) An aluminium rod 205cm in diameter and 16 cm long protrudes from a wall which is
maintained at 260C. The rod is exposed to an environment at 16C. The convective heat transfer coefficient is 15 W/m2K. Calculate the heat lost by the rod. Take k= 190 W/mK. [MAY 1997]
3) A turbine blade 8 cm long made of stainless steel (k= 32 W/mK) has across sectional area of
4.75 cm2 and a perimeter of 12 cm. The base temperature of the blade is 600C . Find the quantity of heat

given to blade if in the blade is exposed to hot gases 850C.Take heat transfer co-efficient to be 465
W/m2K.
PROBLEMS IN LUMPED ANALYSIS (OR) TRANSIENT HEAT CONDUCTION (OR)
UNSTEADY STATE HEAT CONDUCTION:
1) An aluminium plate (k= 160 W/mC, = 2790 kg/m3, cp= 0.88 KJ/kgC) of thickness L= 3cm
and at a uniform temperature of 225C is suddenly immersed at time t= 0 in a well stirred fluid
maintained at a constant temperature T = 25C. Take h= 320 W/m2 C. Determine the time required for
the center of the plate to reach 50C. [MAY 2005]
2) A 12 cm diameter long bar initially at a uniform temperature of 40C is placed in a medium at
650C with a convective co-efficient of 22 W/m 2K. Determine the time required for the center to reach
255C. For the material of the bar, k= 20 W/mK, Density = 580 kg/m 3, specific heat = 1050 J/kg K.
[1998]
PROBLEMS IN STEADY STATE HEAT CONDUCTION:
1) A aluminium slab of 5 cm thick initially at a temperature of 400C. It is suddenly immersed in
a water at 90C. Calculated the mid planes temperature after 1 minutes and also calculate the temperature
inside the plate at a distance of 10mm from the mid plane.
Take h= 1800 W/m2K.
2) A slab of aluminium 120mm thick is initially at a temperature of 600C. It is suddenly
immersed in a liquid at 120C, resulting in a heat transfer co-efficient of 1400 W/m 2K. Calculate the
following
a) Temperature at the center line after 1 minute.
b) Temperature at the surface
c) Total thermal energy removed per unit area.