Southwest Jiaotong University

STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION

TAKE HOME EXAM

Student:

WANDJI ZOUMB Patrick Arnaud Ph.D ca

Ph.D candidate in Bridge and Tunnel
Engineering

Academic Year: 2014-2015

CONTENT

Question1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
Question 7
Question 8
Question 9

-2-

Question 1
=U+V
U=

1
K
2

1
K
2

1
K (L )
2

V = P L(1 COS ) + 1.5L(1 COS )

2
=
3
U=

1
K
2

U=

13
K
18

1
K
2

1
K
2

4

9

1
K (L )
2

2
V = P L(1 COS ) + 1.5L 1 COS
3
=

13
K
18

1
K
2

2
P L(1 COS ) + 1.5L 1 COS
3
d
=0
d

13
K
9

+ K

2 2
L P L + 1.5L
3 3

13
K
9

+ K

L P

5
L = 0
3

P =

13 K
3
+ K
15 L
5

-3-

=0

Question 2
=U+V
U=

1
1
K (0.5 L ) + K (0.5 L )
2
2
U=

1
K
8

1
K
8

V = P L(1 COS ) + 1.5L(1 COS )

2
=
3
U=

1
K
8

1
K
8

4
L
9

U=

1
K
8

1
K
18

2
V = P L(1 COS ) + 1.5L 1 COS
3
=

1
K
8

1
K
18

2
P L(1 COS ) + 1.5L 1 COS
3

d
=0
d
1
K
4

L +

1
K
4

L+

P =

3
K
20

1
K
9

1
K
9
L+

2 2
L P L + 1.5L
3 3

LP
1
K
15

5
=0
3
L

-4-

=0

Question 3

The buckling load P of the hinged-guided column is computed as follow:

Equilibrium equation

-Mint+ P y=0
For small deflection analysis
EIY + P Y = 0 (1)
Let k = from eq. (1)
Y +

Y = 0

The differential equation of this column is:

Y + k Y = 0 (2)
The general solution is:

y=A sinkx + B coskx ,The boundary conditions to determine A and B are:
y(0)=0 B=0 y=A sinkx
y/(L)=0 y/=A *K coskL A*K0 , coskL=0kL=n/2

The buckling load P =

as =

-5-

= 2

Question 4
EI Y

= P( Y ) And EI Y

let k =

and k =

+k Y =k

= P( Y )

and Y

+k Y =k

The boundary conditions are

Y = 0 at x = 0 A = and
Y = 0 at x=0 B = 0 Y = (1 cos K x)
At the top of the column for y1, it requires that
+ C cosK l + D cosK l = C cosK l + D cosK l = 0
C = D tanK l
The continuity at the juncture is
+ C cosK l + DsinK l = y = (1 cos K l )
-tan K lcosK l + DsinK l =

D=

C= tan K l

cosK l sinK l

cos K l cosK l

sinK l

-6-

= cos K l

The condition that the two segments of the deflected curve have thesame slope at the
juncture

K K sinK l = CK sinK lDsinK l

=

K sin K l +

K cos K l

Rearranging we get
K sin K l sinK l = K cos K l (sinK l cosK l +
cos K l sinK l )sinK l +
K l cosK l (cos K l cosK l sin K l sinK l cos K l )=
K (cos K l cosK l

TanK l tanK l = we know K =

K = 2 K

l1=l2 tanK l tanK l =2 tanK l tan

Suppose K l = A

P =

tanAtan

nad K =

l =2

=2 Solving A= 1.01667

K l = 1.01667

The required expression for P

-7-

l =1.01667

Question 5

e
P

EI

y
Mint

Equilibrium equation for FBD

-M + p(e + y)=0
y + (e + y) = 0
Let k =
y + k (e + y) = 0 The solution will have like solution y = y + y
(cmplementary solution + perticular solution)
y = Asinkx + Bcoskx
y =e
y = Asinkx + Bcoskx + e
Boundary conditions (L) B=e 0=Asin kl+e coskl-e
Asink=e-ecoskl A=e

y=[
sinkx + Bcoskx + e]
Internal moment along the column (Mx)
Mx = EIk e[
coskl]
Maximum moment occurs in middle of column
M = EIk e[
sin + cos ]
Y
M

= e sec

= k eEIsec

Total displacement is measured from the axis of loading

-8-

 = e+y

P =

= esec

as k =

( )

As

= k eEIsec M

And

= esec

= k eEIsec

where A =sec

= k eEIA

= eA

[Exact expression]

To simplify the calculation, we can use sec =

knowing that Y

e sec 1
We can get:

1 :Y

= e(sec 1)

sec = 1 +

+ 1

=e 1+

p
p
p
= e 1 + 1.234 ( ) + 1.270 ( ) + 1.27 ( ) + 1
p
p
p

-9-

1 + 0.234( )
Y

=e

Design factor
p

p

Theoretical factor

1 + 0.234( )
1

p
2 p

sec

0.6

0.146

0.211

0.212

0.402

0.83

0.84

/2

= M sec

=M

1+

=M

1 + 1.234 (

sec = 1 +

=M

p
p
p
) + 1.270 ( ) + 1.27 ( ) +
pe
pe
pe

1 + 0.234
M

p
pe

[Approximate solution for the amplification facctor]

- 10 -

p

pe

Design factor

p

p

1 + 0.27( )

1

Theoretical factor

sec(

p
)
2 p

0.6

0.146

1.211

1.212

0.402

1.83

1.84

/2

- 11 -

Question 6
n=8 , 0.2=23 ksi , E= 10181ksi
E =

= (0.1 1) 0.2

/0.2
ET

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

10181 10181 10180.1 10165.3 10064.2 9647.2 8496.5 6430.4 4096.5 2320.5 1259.6

cr

2.3

4.6

6.9

9.2

11.5

13.8

16.1

18.4

20.7

23

KL/R

209

147.8

120.6

103.9

91

78

62.8

46.9

33.3

23.2

20

1.2

/0.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
40

60
KL/R

80

- 12 -

100

120

140

Question 7
*Consider pin ended column of rectangular cross section, assume axial force
P and cross section A
*The convex face undergoes extension
*In the concave face of the column buckling is started:

h=h +h
Eh
E h
,

Where 1/ p = curvature due to buckling

The incremental normal stresses be of opposite signs
and equal magnitudes:
bh Eh
bh E h
=
2
2
h = hh
E h = E (h h )
h =

h E

E + E
The bending moment representing the resultant of the positive and negative normal
stress increments in the cross section may be calculated as follow:
2
2
M = F
h + h
3
3
2
M = F ( h ) = bh
3

M=

E =

bh
43

4 E E
E + E
, And

Eh
2

2
( h)
3
1

=I

- 13 -

M=
Therefore, the required expression for reduced modulus of elasticity E for
rectangular section is E

Question 8
for the beam-column subjected to
end-moments MA and MB as show in
the following figure , find out the
elastic maximum moment for
P/Pe=0.4 ,MA/MB=0.4 :

1-Calculate CM:
M
M

C = 0.6 0.4

0.4

C = 0.6 0.4(0.4) = 0.44 0.4

1- Calculate M :
M

= C |M |

= 0.44 M

2- Calculate M
M
A =

C
1

Cm
P

1Pe

:
|M |

= 0.733 < 1, conclusion:When the A < 1

M

- 14 -

=M

Question 9
Stability represents a fundamental problem in structures, which must be mastered to
ensure the safety of structures against collapse and any type of failure. The theory of
stability is of crucial importance for structural engineering, aerospace engineering, nuclear
engineering, offshore, ocean and arctic engineering. It plays an important role in certain
problems of space structures, geotechnical structures, geophysics and materials science.
The importance of the subject is evident from the history of structural collapses caused by
neglect or misunderstanding of the stability aspects of design.
As engineering student who have leant Structural Stability Theory and Implementation, I
wish to discuss my understanding about this course and where I hope to see myself after
completing the degree.
Actually, during the period of more than three months in studying Structural Stability
Theory and Implementation, I have gained more knowledge where the introduction to the
principles and theory of structural stability that are the basis for structural steel design and
shows how they may be used in the solution of practical building frame design problems
was deeply discussed.
The main point like: The concept of stability (stable state , neutral state and unstable state)
was best illustrated by the well-known example of a ball on a curved surface , types of
stability(bifurcation instability and limit-load instability), methods of analyses in
stability(bifurcation approach and energy approach), illustrative examples-small and large
deflections analysis, buckling of column including its behavior and critical load at which
it can fail based on different end conditions, the approaches and proof to be used to
determine theoretical and design values for column and beam-column consideration was
really covered, etc were clearly thought and understood. It is doubtless clear that the
covered chapters in this course made a profession engineer. In this way, I did not only
obtain an understanding of the fundamental principles and theory of structural stability
from an idealized elastic, perfect system, but also to an inelastic imperfect system that
leads to the necessary links between the code rules, design office practice, and the actual
structural system in the real world.
Based on the knowledge attained above I will keep on doing deep research so that i would
find myself in the infrastructure sector all over the world in the decision making team on
implementation development goals; specifically in the structures industry. In developing
countries there has been a remarkable luck of modern structures that match with time
wherever they are; its my dream to cover this program and join efforts with other
engineers and make a change .Thank you

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