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and Parenthood
HUMANAE VITAE
1. The Text
2. Main Theological Positions
THE TEXT
INTRODUCTION
I. NEW ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM
II. (DOCTRINAL) PRINCIPLES OF THE TEACHING
III. PASTORAL DIRECTIVES
INTRODUCTION
The transmission of human life is a most serious duty (munus).
Problems for conscience have always been present, but changes
have led to new questions
I. NEW ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM
2. Demographic leads to the temptation of authorities to
intervene; place of women in society; value attributed to
conjugal love meaning of conjugal acts in relation to love;
progress in the domination and rational organization of nature
3.New Questions: Does this lead to a revision of ethical norms?
Does the principle of totality apply? Should the regulation be
entrusted to reason and will in place of biological rhythms?
4.Competency of the magisterium
5.Recognition of the Papal Commission
6.Reply to the Magisterium: Certain criteria departed
from constant teaching
I. NEW ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM
Does this lead to a revision of ethical norms?
Does the principle of totality apply?
Should the regulation be entrusted
to reason and will
in place of biological rhythms?
II.(DOCTRINAL) PRINCIPLES OF THE TEACHING
(CRITERIA)
7.Total
Vision:
beyond
partial
perspectives:
biological/psychological/demographic/social
8.Conjugal Love (Contract or Covenant?)
9.Characteristics: human, total, faithful and exclusive, fecund
10.Responsible Parenthood considered under different aspects:
biological processes and laws; affective elements, instinct and
passion; physical, economic, psychological and sociological
condition
Relationship to objective moral order; Gods intention in the
nature of marriage and its acts
III.(DOCTRINAL) PRINCIPLES OF THE TEACHING
(CRITERIA)
11.Nature and Purpose of Marriage Act: Chaste intimacy; noble
and worthy- even if foreseen to be infertile; each and every
marriage act
12.Inseparable connection of the two meanings
13.Gods Design: nature of generative faculties
14.The Condemnations: Direct abortion, direct sterilization,
contraception
15.Therapeutic Means
16.Use of infertile periods
17.Grave Consequences: could open to marital infidelity and
general lowering of moral standards; may forget the reverence
due to a woman; abuse of power of public authorities to
intervene beyond their limits
18.Church as interpreter and guide in the interpretation of moral
laws
PASTORAL DIRECTIVES
19.Obligation of the Church to teach the law Law not
impossible, need of people to have resolute purpose and
endurance
20.Value of Self-discipline: mastery of emotions and natural
drives
21.Promotion of Chastity in education and media
22.Appeal to Public Authorities to preserve morality in the
search for the true solution to poverty
23.Appeal to Scientists to study natural methods of birth control
24.Appeal to Christian couples to be faithful to their vocation
finding recourse to God
25.Family Apostolate
26.Appeal to Doctors and Nurses to be faithful to their Christian
vocation
27.Appeal to Priests
28.Christian Compassion
29.Appeal to Bishops
MAIN THEOLOGICAL POSITIONS
Total vision beyond partial perspectives. Marriage is
defined as human, total, faithful, exclusive and open to
procreation
Inseparability of the unitive and procreative meanings
of sex in marriage
Responsible Sex and Parenthood
Condemnation of abortion, infanticide, sterilization, and
all forms of contraception
BASIC CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLES RELATED TO
MARRIAGE/ FAMILY
Married love is fully human and total sharing
Indissolubility (divorce, separation/annulment?)
Exclusivity (adultery, polygamy)
Procreative (contraception, sterility, impotence)
Between Opposite Sexes (homosexual union)
Sex only within Marriage (pre-marital and extra-marital sex/
pre-nuptial?)
Love as basis of Marriage (forced marriage, pre-arranged
marriage)
New Life is the result of love relation (test tube babies,
artificial insemination, cloning, etc.)
RESPONSIBLE SEX
As Expression of Faithful Love and Genuine Concern for
the Other-half
Only within Marriage: Committed Relationship
Open to Life
RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD
COUNCIL OF TRENT
(1547-1563)
Defended the positions established by theologians and
canonists over the centuries
Marriage belongs to the order of the sacred in the strictest
sense, one of the sacraments, conferring grace
It is a union between a man and a woman
The church has the power to establish diriment impediments
It is indissoluble, except when not consummated
HUMAN SEXUALITY
AND
THE BIBLE
I.FROM GENESIS
Central Message: HUMAN SEXUALITY IS GOOD A GIFT
FROM THE ALL-GOOD AND TRANSCENDENT
CREATOR
Two accounts (Yahwist and Priestly) but with common
elements:
Combats the Myth of Baal
Presents a clear vision of human sexuality according to
perceived Gods design
Contrasts to the human condition after the fall
PAULINE EPISTLES
EPISTLE TO THE CORINTHIANS
Context: Two extreme positions taken regarding sexuality:
Corinth as center of sexual licentiousness
Corinth as center of sexual gnosticism
Contentions:
Affirmation of the basic goodness of human sexuality and of
marriage and sexual union.
Condemnation of sexual perversions and vices (1 Cor 6. 910)
SUMMARY OF N.T.
Virginity has a place as witness to the kingdom
Respect for the goodness of sexuality
Viewed from the perspective of Kingdom
Sin as ruptured relationship
APPLICATION OF THE BIBLICAL TEACHING ON SEX
IN OUR TIMES
Critical Questions
How normative can certain teachings or legal prescriptions
on human sexuality be in our own times?
Can we sort out teachings or thinking that are purely
cultural from those that are revealed truths from God?
I. Background of the Literature
Cloning, Parenthood, and Genetic Relatedness
Robert Sparrow
Author
Dr.Sparrow is focus on applied ethics and political
philosophy; He interested in philosophical arguments with realworld implications. More specifically, He worked in: political
philosophy, bioethics, environmental ethics, media ethics; just
war theory; and the ethics of science and technology.
In this article will focus on the keywords or the context
of the article. First on the issue of Human Cloning itself and his
ethical issue related on the human cloning, second parenthood
and the third is the issue of genetic relatedness
Context
There are three Context of Human Cloning
Human Cloning
Parenthood
Genetic Relatedness
Abstract
The abstract of the article I will give first the definition of what
is Human Cloning. The term is generally used to refer to
artificial human cloning; human clones in the form of identical
twins are common place, with their cloning occurring during the
natural process of reproduction. The abstract this article will
examine the best case for human cloning. There two distinct sort
of human cloning with different motivation therapeutic and
reproductive cloning.
3. Motivation
The article give me interest of what is the main issue of
human cloning
The article inspired me to give value on the human person
itself.
The article call my attention to examine what are the ethical
principles belong to this particular issue.
The article suspends me what are the factors and
consequence of this issue.
4. Contribution
Summary
First I will focus the issue of therapeutic cloning. The
therapeutic cloning is hypothecal cloning of individual for the
purpose of procuring tissues from the clone which will serve
some therapeutic prupose in relation to the person clone. In this
purpose of therapeutic cloning starts the moral question of we
want life with out end? The therapeutic cloning . In this case I
can considered as play like a little god in our life because of this
therapeutic cloning.
The Therapeutic Cloning is also called biomedical cloning, and
research cloning and involves the process of somatic cell nuclear
transfer in which the nucleus of a cell from a human patient's
body is injected into a human ovum which has had its nucleus
removed. The main goal of therapeutic cloning is to develop
organs for transplant that have an identical DNA structure to the
organ recipient.
Dr.Sparrow focus more on the issue of reproductive cloning as
mention in his article they explain about the three scenarios and
possibilities of the reproductive cloning. Dr. Sparrow sited
first the both member of heterosexual couple are unable to make
a genetic contribution to the genotype of a child because of the
failure to produce or possess viable gametes then the
reproductive cloning serve as useful role to play in order to have
a child. In this case cloning via somatic cell nuclear transfer
would allow the couple to bring into a being a child that is
genetically related indeed genetically identical, to one another.
However , the woman is unable to bring the child to term, the
couple will need to make used of the surrogate mother. They will
used the genetically related to one another of its parents, with
out the other partner playing a material partner.
The issue of the same sex couple. Because of the reproductive
cloning the same sex couple or the single person can allow to
procure a child because of this technology.
The third scenario in the article is the scenario of a couple have
already a child and who wants to clone their existing child. Here
we can also find another problem of this reproductive cloning
because of the duplication of individual being by the use of
cloning.
Critical review
The article is very clear in explaining the benefits of the
human cloning and the consequence of this particular issue.
The use of human embryos as a tool to cure and threat the
different illness
The issue of same sex couple or the single individual having
a child.
The issue of identical crisis, pluralty or similarity of
individual
Conclusion I
SERVING LIFE:
Transmission of Life
Cooperators in the love of God the Creator
The Churchs teaching and norm, always old yet always
new
The Church stands for life
That Gods design may be ever more completely fulfilled
In an integral vision of the human person and his or her
vocation
SERVING LIFE:
Education
The right and duty of parents regarding education
Educating in the essential values of human life
The mission to educate and the sacrament of marriage
First experiences of the Church
Relations with other educating agents
Manifold service to life
CREED
CULT
CODE
THE FAMILY AS
A DOMESTIC CHURCH
FAITH
PROPHET
WORSHIP
PRIEST
SERVICE
KING
CHURCHS TEACHINGS
Short Historical Excursus
1918 Canon Law
1930 Casti Connubii
1935 Herbert Doms The Meaning of
1944 The Roman Rota
1965 Gaudium et Spes
1966 The Papal Commission
1968 Humanae Vitae
1981 Familiaris Consortio
Marriage
But there is a statement that claims that spouses may have sexual
intercourse when, for natural reasons either of time or defect,
conception cannot occur. Intercourse at such times may be for
such ends as mutual aid or the cultivation of mutual love, and
one is free to pursue such secondary ends so long as they are
subordinated to the primary end and so longs as the intrincic
nature of the act is preserved.
Herbert Doms
The Meaning of Marriage
The Constitution of marriage, the union of two persons outside
themselves for which they marry. It consists in the constant vital
ordination of husband and wife to each other until they become
one. If this is so, there can no longer be sufficient reason, from
this standpoint, for speaking of procreation as the primary
purspose and for diving off the other pruposes as secondary
perhaps it would be best if in the future we gave up using terms
as primary and secondary in speaking of the purpose of
marriage.
THE ROMAN ROTA (1944)
On the question of the unity of the primary and secondary ends
of marriage.
The Roman Rota stated that the procreation and education of
children is to be considered the primary end of marriage, and no
other ends are to be considered as equally principal ends. Other
ends are to be considered secondary and subordate to the
primary end.
GAUDIUM ET SPES
Thus a man and a woman, who by the marriage covenant of
conjugal love are no longer two, but one flesh (Mt 19, 6),
render mutual help and service to each other through an intimate
union of their persons and of their actions. Through this union
they experience the meaning of their oneness and attain to it with
growing perfection day by day. As a mutual gift of two persons,
this intimate union, as well as the good of the children, imposes
total fidelity on the spouses and argues for an unbreakable
oneness between them By their very nature, the institution of
marriage itself and conjugal love are ordained for the procreation
of children, and find in them their ultimate crown. GS48)
THE PAPAL COMMISSION (1966)
SUMMARY:
First, although it would allow artificial contraception in some
cases, yet it insists that sex and marriage are properly oriendted
toward the procreation and education of children. The union of
spouses is not to be separated from the procreative finality of
marriage. Conjugal love and fecundity are in no way opposed
but complement each other.
Second, the majority report approaches the problem from the
point of view of the totality of the marriage. It wishes to take its
moral direction not from a consideration of the sexual act or
faculty by itself but from a consideration of what is good for the
marriage as a whole.
HUMANAE VITAE (1968)
That teaching, often set forth by the magisterium, is founded
upon the inseparable connection willed by God and unable to be
broken by man on his own initiative, between the two meanings
of the conjugal act: the unitive meaning and the procreative
meaning. Indeed, by its intimate structure, the conjugal act,
PASTORAL CARE
1.STAGES OF PASTORAL CARE OF THE FAMILY
The Church accompanies the Christian family on its journey
through life
Preparation for marriage
The celebration
Celebration of marriage and evangelization of non-believing
baptized persons
Pastoral care after marriage
2.STRUCTURES OF FAMILY PASTORAL CARE
The ecclesial community and in particular the parish
The family
Associations of families for families
3.AGENTS OF THE PASTORAL CARE OF THE FAMILY
Bishops and priests
Men and women religious
Lay specialists
Recipients and agents of social communications
4. THE FAMILY IN DIFFICULT CASES
Particular circumstances (migrants, armed forces, sailors,
and itinerant people)
Mixed marriages
Pastoral care in certain irregular situations (Trial marriages,
de facto free unions, Catholics in civil marriages, separated,
divorced persons who have remarried
Those without a family