Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
REFERENCE
Selected earth conductor cross sectional area
S
18900
Etouch50
Estep50
Etouch70
3^0.5
x
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116
1
480.88 volts
1575.52 volts
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
Es
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln
16 x hx d
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
=
na x n b x n c x n d
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
2745
Lp
176+81
257
257
na
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
257
21.362
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038
nd
1
1
21.362 x 1.038 x 1 x 1
= Isc
Em
=
=
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
1
2 x 0.6
1
D+h
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
1
ln
1.265
3.92516
8
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473
0.6
4 x 0.04
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
LR
2745+138
IG
22.17
0.2071
= Lc
=
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
ln
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1451.29 volts
Touch potential in V
479.62
480.88 volts
650.85 volts
Step potential in V
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
The attainable touch potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
The attainable Step potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
8.00 Grid resistance
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +
=
=
Lc + LR
90 x
0.7208
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
2.8
2745
46
Nos.
x (2 x n -1)
8
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
INPUT DATA
1.00
SYSTEM DATA
1.01 System nominal voltage
Vs
33
kV
Isc
31.5
kA
0.6
Isc
18.9
kA
tsc
sec
tsc
sec
L1 x B 1
88.0
3564
90
-m
Hs
0.1
CR
3000
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
2.00
40.5
m2
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
Tm
250
Tr
20
0.040000
0.6
2.8
Leb
Neb
46
Nos
kx
tsc
where
Isc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
0.5
B + Tm
tsc
B + Ta
Where,
From IS - 3043 ; Table 5; Page No:30
B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
mm2
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
202 + 250
202 + 50
0.5
mm
D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
Reduction in Thickness/Diameter
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm
40
mm
4.03 Selected diameter of the rod is greater than the required. Hence Safe.
5.00 TOLERABLE TOUCH AND STEP POTENTIALS
The tolerable limits of touch and step potentials of a person weighing 50 Kg and 70 Kg can be
computed by the following equations
Etouch50
volts
Estep70
volts
tsc
Where,
Cs =
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
480.88 volts
Estep50
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln
D2
16 x hx d
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
na x n b x n c x n d
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
Lc
na
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
176+81
257
257
21.362
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038
nd
1
1
ln
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
22.17
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
+
ln
0.6
4 x 0.04
8
+
=
= Lc
=
= Isc
Em
=
=
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
1
D+h
1
2 x 0.6
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
3.92516
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
LR
2745+138
IG
ln
0.2071
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1.265
1451.29 volts
Touch potential in V
Attainable
479.62
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
The attainable touch potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
The attainable Step potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
8.00 Grid resistance
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +
Lc + LR
90 x
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
0.7208
2.8
2745
46
Nos.
kV
kA
kA
sec
sec
40.5
m2
-m
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
arts and temperatures
; Page No:30
x (2 x n -1)
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
INPUT DATA
1.00
SYSTEM DATA
1.01 System nominal voltage
Vs
33
kV
Isc
31.5
kA
0.6
Isc
18.9
kA
tsc
sec
tsc
sec
L1 x B 1
88.0
3564
90
-m
Hs
0.1
CR
3000
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
2.00
40.5
m2
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
Tm
250
Tr
20
0.040000
0.6
2.8
Leb
Neb
46
Nos
kx
tsc
where
Isc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
0.5
B + Tm
tsc
B + Ta
Where,
From IS - 3043 ; Table 5; Page No:30
B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
mm2
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
202 + 250
202 + 50
0.5
mm
D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
Reduction in Thickness/Diameter
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm
40
mm
4.03 Selected diameter of the rod is greater than the required. Hence Safe.
5.00 TOLERABLE TOUCH AND STEP POTENTIALS
The tolerable limits of touch and step potentials of a person weighing 50 Kg and 70 Kg can be
computed by the following equations
Etouch50
volts
Estep70
volts
tsc
Where,
Cs =
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
480.88 volts
Estep50
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln
D2
16 x hx d
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
na x n b x n c x n d
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
Lc
na
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
176+81
257
257
21.362
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038
nd
1
1
ln
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
22.17
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
+
ln
0.6
4 x 0.04
8
+
=
= Lc
=
= Isc
Em
=
=
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
1
D+h
1
2 x 0.6
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
3.92516
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
LR
2745+138
IG
ln
0.2071
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1.265
1451.29 volts
Touch potential in V
Attainable
479.62
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
The attainable touch potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
The attainable Step potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
8.00 Grid resistance
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +
Lc + LR
90 x
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
0.7208
2.8
2745
46
Nos.
kV
kA
kA
sec
sec
40.5
m2
-m
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
arts and temperatures
; Page No:30
x (2 x n -1)
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
INPUT DATA
1.00
SYSTEM DATA
1.01 System nominal voltage
Vs
33
kV
Isc
31.5
kA
0.6
Isc
18.9
kA
tsc
sec
tsc
sec
L1 x B 1
88.0
3564
90
-m
Hs
0.1
CR
3000
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
2.00
40.5
m2
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
Tm
250
Tr
20
0.040000
0.6
2.8
Leb
Neb
46
Nos
kx
tsc
where
Isc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
0.5
B + Tm
tsc
B + Ta
Where,
From IS - 3043 ; Table 5; Page No:30
B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
mm2
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
202 + 250
202 + 50
0.5
mm
D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
Reduction in Thickness/Diameter
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm
40
mm
4.03 Selected diameter of the rod is greater than the required. Hence Safe.
5.00 TOLERABLE TOUCH AND STEP POTENTIALS
The tolerable limits of touch and step potentials of a person weighing 50 Kg and 70 Kg can be
computed by the following equations
Etouch50
volts
Estep70
volts
tsc
Where,
Cs =
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
480.88 volts
Estep50
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln
D2
16 x hx d
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
na x n b x n c x n d
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
Lc
na
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
176+81
257
257
21.362
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038
nd
1
1
ln
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
22.17
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
+
ln
0.6
4 x 0.04
8
+
=
= Lc
=
= Isc
Em
=
=
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
1
D+h
1
2 x 0.6
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
3.92516
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
LR
2745+138
IG
ln
0.2071
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1.265
1451.29 volts
Touch potential in V
Attainable
479.62
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
The attainable touch potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
The attainable Step potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
8.00 Grid resistance
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +
Lc + LR
90 x
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
0.7208
2.8
2745
46
Nos.
kV
kA
kA
sec
sec
40.5
m2
-m
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
arts and temperatures
; Page No:30
x (2 x n -1)
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
INPUT DATA
1.00
SYSTEM DATA
1.01 System nominal voltage
Vs
33
kV
Isc
31.5
kA
0.6
Isc
18.9
kA
tsc
sec
tsc
sec
L1 x B 1
88.0
3564
90
-m
Hs
0.1
CR
3000
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
2.00
40.5
m2
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
Tm
250
Tr
20
0.040000
0.6
2.8
Leb
Neb
46
Nos
kx
tsc
where
Isc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
0.5
B + Tm
tsc
B + Ta
Where,
From IS - 3043 ; Table 5; Page No:30
B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
mm2
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
202 + 250
202 + 50
0.5
mm
D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
Reduction in Thickness/Diameter
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm
40
mm
4.03 Selected diameter of the rod is greater than the required. Hence Safe.
5.00 TOLERABLE TOUCH AND STEP POTENTIALS
The tolerable limits of touch and step potentials of a person weighing 50 Kg and 70 Kg can be
computed by the following equations
Etouch50
volts
Estep70
volts
tsc
Where,
Cs =
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
480.88 volts
Estep50
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln
D2
16 x hx d
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
na x n b x n c x n d
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
Lc
na
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
176+81
257
257
21.362
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038
nd
1
1
ln
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
22.17
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
+
ln
0.6
4 x 0.04
8
+
=
= Lc
=
= Isc
Em
=
=
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
1
D+h
1
2 x 0.6
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
3.92516
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
LR
2745+138
IG
ln
0.2071
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1.265
1451.29 volts
Touch potential in V
Attainable
479.62
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
The attainable touch potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
The attainable Step potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
8.00 Grid resistance
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +
Lc + LR
90 x
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
0.7208
2.8
2745
46
Nos.
kV
kA
kA
sec
sec
40.5
m2
-m
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
arts and temperatures
; Page No:30
x (2 x n -1)
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
INPUT DATA
1.00
SYSTEM DATA
1.01 System nominal voltage
Vs
33
kV
Isc
31.5
kA
0.6
Isc
18.9
kA
tsc
sec
tsc
sec
L1 x B 1
88.0
3564
90
-m
Hs
0.1
CR
3000
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
2.00
40.5
m2
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
Tm
250
Tr
20
0.040000
0.6
2.8
Leb
Neb
46
Nos
kx
tsc
where
Isc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
0.5
B + Tm
tsc
B + Ta
Where,
From IS - 3043 ; Table 5; Page No:30
B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
mm2
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
202 + 250
202 + 50
0.5
mm
D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
Reduction in Thickness/Diameter
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm
40
mm
4.03 Selected diameter of the rod is greater than the required. Hence Safe.
5.00 TOLERABLE TOUCH AND STEP POTENTIALS
The tolerable limits of touch and step potentials of a person weighing 50 Kg and 70 Kg can be
computed by the following equations
Etouch50
volts
Estep70
volts
tsc
Where,
Cs =
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
480.88 volts
Estep50
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln
D2
16 x hx d
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
na x n b x n c x n d
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
Lc
na
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
176+81
257
257
21.362
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038
nd
1
1
ln
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
22.17
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
+
ln
0.6
4 x 0.04
8
+
=
= Lc
=
= Isc
Em
=
=
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
1
D+h
1
2 x 0.6
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
3.92516
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
LR
2745+138
IG
ln
0.2071
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1.265
1451.29 volts
Touch potential in V
Attainable
479.62
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
The attainable touch potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
The attainable Step potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
8.00 Grid resistance
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +
Lc + LR
90 x
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
0.7208
2.8
2745
46
Nos.
kV
kA
kA
sec
sec
40.5
m2
-m
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
arts and temperatures
; Page No:30
x (2 x n -1)
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
INPUT DATA
1.00
SYSTEM DATA
1.01 System nominal voltage
Vs
33
kV
Isc
31.5
kA
0.6
Isc
18.9
kA
tsc
sec
tsc
sec
L1 x B 1
88.0
3564
90
-m
Hs
0.1
CR
3000
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
2.00
40.5
m2
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
Tm
250
Tr
20
0.040000
0.6
2.8
Leb
Neb
46
Nos
kx
tsc
where
Isc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
0.5
B + Tm
tsc
B + Ta
Where,
From IS - 3043 ; Table 5; Page No:30
B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
mm2
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
202 + 250
202 + 50
0.5
mm
D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
Reduction in Thickness/Diameter
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm
40
mm
4.03 Selected diameter of the rod is greater than the required. Hence Safe.
5.00 TOLERABLE TOUCH AND STEP POTENTIALS
The tolerable limits of touch and step potentials of a person weighing 50 Kg and 70 Kg can be
computed by the following equations
Etouch50
volts
Estep70
volts
tsc
Where,
Cs =
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
480.88 volts
Estep50
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln
D2
16 x hx d
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
na x n b x n c x n d
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
Lc
na
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
176+81
257
257
21.362
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038
nd
1
1
ln
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
22.17
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
+
ln
0.6
4 x 0.04
8
+
=
= Lc
=
= Isc
Em
=
=
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
1
D+h
1
2 x 0.6
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
3.92516
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
LR
2745+138
IG
ln
0.2071
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1.265
1451.29 volts
Touch potential in V
Attainable
479.62
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
The attainable touch potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
The attainable Step potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
8.00 Grid resistance
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +
Lc + LR
90 x
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
0.7208
2.8
2745
46
Nos.
kV
kA
kA
sec
sec
40.5
m2
-m
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
arts and temperatures
; Page No:30
x (2 x n -1)
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
INPUT DATA
1.00
SYSTEM DATA
1.01 System nominal voltage
Vs
33
kV
Isc
31.5
kA
0.6
Isc
18.9
kA
tsc
sec
tsc
sec
L1 x B 1
88.0
3564
90
-m
Hs
0.1
CR
3000
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
2.00
40.5
m2
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
Tm
250
Tr
20
0.040000
0.6
2.8
Leb
Neb
46
Nos
kx
tsc
where
Isc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
0.5
B + Tm
tsc
B + Ta
Where,
From IS - 3043 ; Table 5; Page No:30
B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
mm2
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
202 + 250
202 + 50
0.5
mm
D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
Reduction in Thickness/Diameter
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm
40
mm
4.03 Selected diameter of the rod is greater than the required. Hence Safe.
5.00 TOLERABLE TOUCH AND STEP POTENTIALS
The tolerable limits of touch and step potentials of a person weighing 50 Kg and 70 Kg can be
computed by the following equations
Etouch50
volts
Estep70
volts
tsc
Where,
Cs =
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
480.88 volts
Estep50
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln
D2
16 x hx d
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
na x n b x n c x n d
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
Lc
na
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
176+81
257
257
21.362
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038
nd
1
1
ln
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
22.17
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
+
ln
0.6
4 x 0.04
8
+
=
= Lc
=
= Isc
Em
=
=
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
1
D+h
1
2 x 0.6
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
3.92516
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
LR
2745+138
IG
ln
0.2071
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1.265
1451.29 volts
Touch potential in V
Attainable
479.62
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
The attainable touch potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
The attainable Step potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
8.00 Grid resistance
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +
Lc + LR
90 x
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
0.7208
2.8
2745
46
Nos.
kV
kA
kA
sec
sec
40.5
m2
-m
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
arts and temperatures
; Page No:30
x (2 x n -1)
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
INPUT DATA
1.00
SYSTEM DATA
1.01 System nominal voltage
Vs
33
kV
Isc
31.5
kA
0.6
Isc
18.9
kA
tsc
sec
tsc
sec
L1 x B 1
88.0
3564
90
-m
Hs
0.1
CR
3000
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
2.00
40.5
m2
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
Tm
250
Tr
20
0.040000
0.6
2.8
Leb
Neb
46
Nos
kx
tsc
where
Isc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
0.5
B + Tm
tsc
B + Ta
Where,
From IS - 3043 ; Table 5; Page No:30
B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
mm2
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
202 + 250
202 + 50
0.5
mm
D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
Reduction in Thickness/Diameter
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm
40
mm
4.03 Selected diameter of the rod is greater than the required. Hence Safe.
5.00 TOLERABLE TOUCH AND STEP POTENTIALS
The tolerable limits of touch and step potentials of a person weighing 50 Kg and 70 Kg can be
computed by the following equations
Etouch50
volts
Estep70
volts
tsc
Where,
Cs =
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
480.88 volts
Estep50
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln
D2
16 x hx d
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
na x n b x n c x n d
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
Lc
na
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
176+81
257
257
21.362
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038
nd
1
1
ln
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
22.17
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
+
ln
0.6
4 x 0.04
8
+
=
= Lc
=
= Isc
Em
=
=
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
1
D+h
1
2 x 0.6
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
3.92516
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
LR
2745+138
IG
ln
0.2071
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1.265
1451.29 volts
Touch potential in V
Attainable
479.62
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
The attainable touch potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
The attainable Step potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
8.00 Grid resistance
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +
Lc + LR
90 x
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
0.7208
2.8
2745
46
Nos.
kV
kA
kA
sec
sec
40.5
m2
-m
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
arts and temperatures
; Page No:30
x (2 x n -1)
x (2 x 22.17 -1)