1- ABOARD= Bir ulam aracnda bulunma durumunu gsterir.

123-

There were nearly a hundred people aboard the ship when it sank down the sea.
An airplane bound four Cairo crashed into the sea and all the passengers aboard were killed severely.
On the voyage aboard an old coach, we ran into as much hardship as you could imagine.

ABOUT = be close to/ on the point of/on the verge of = Konusunda, hakknda, stnde, yannda, civarnda,
evresinde, yaklak olarak, aa yukar, zere olmak, nerilerde bulunurken kullanlr.
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The teacher will give us a lecture about the famine and poverty in Africa.
Ill stay there for about a week.
He has just about finished his work.
The train is about to leave for Ankara, so we had better hurry up.
When I looked in her eyes, she was about to burst into tears.
How about going for a walk along the river-bank?
What/how about going to the zoo today?
Lets walk about the woods for a while as Ive something to tell you in person.

2- ABOVE = zerinde anlamn veren bu szck ya fiziksel konum olarak bir eyin stnde ya da soyut bir deer
ya da miktarn zerinde olma anlam verir.

A) Birinden/bir eyden daha yksek bir yerde veya makamda bulunmak anlamn verir.
123456789-

The water came above our knees.

We were flying above the clouds.
The people in the apartment above mine
A captain in the navy ranks above a captain in the army.
They finished the year six places above their local rivals.
The curtain blew in above Janes head and she heard a volley of rain spatter on the windowsill.
Those fossils were found high above the sea level.
The speaker raised his voice above normal to address his friend.
A good teacher should value his students above every other commitment.

B) Bir say/miktarn/dzeyin/yan zerinde anlamn verir.

123-

Inflation is above 6%.

Temperatures have been above average.
We cannot accept children above the age of 10.

C) (kt/yakksz) bir eyi yapmayacak kadar iyi/drst anlamn verir.

1234-

She's not above telling lying when it suits her.

He's above suspicion (= he is completely trusted).
She cant have stolen the jewellery. She is above such disgraceful things.
God is above all imperfections.

3- ACCORDING TO = Bir eye gre/Bir ey temel alnarak anlamna gelir.

12-

According to a report published in Sofia last week, military exports for last year were up by 140 per cent compared
to 1993.
According to a number of studies, smoking may not lead to cancer as much as it is claimed to do.

4-ACROSS = deniz, rmak, lke, sokak, oda gibi bir fiziksel ortamn bir yanndan dier
tarafna doru yaplan eylemleri tanmlayan bu szck,
KARISINA/APINDA anlamna gelir.

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1234567-

I parked my car across the street (= caddenin karsna)

The old couple cut across the field as the night was falling.
You will have to move this trolley across the room. (= odann dier tarafna)
This weird-looking man is living across from us.
I always help the old people across the street when they are in need of help.
Her family is scattered across (= throughout) the country.
This view is common across (= throughout) all sections of the community.

5- AGAINST = kar, kart ya da dayal, yaslanm anlamna gelir.

NOTE = bu szck bir dnceye, eyleme kar olmak, kar tutum almak anlamn verebilir. Bu ekilde en sk kullanlan
fiiller ve isimler aada verilmitir.
Common VERBS used with AGAINST
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advise =
align =
align =
ally =
compete =
conspire =
discriminate =
guard =
immunize =
inoculate =
insulate =
plot =
protest =
side =
vaccinate =
vote =
warn =

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Common NOUNS used with AGAINST

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aggression =
battle =
bias =
boycott =
campaign =
conspiracy =
crime =
defence =

910111213141516-

discrimination =
fight =
insurance =
prejudice =
safeguard =
sanctions =
shield =
war =

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He was leaning against the front door when I saw him.

I always rest my bike against the three over there.
He smashed his head against the wardrobe during the fight. I voted against that party, but my friend voted for it.
Women are discriminated against in some underdeveloped countries.
It is about time we insured our house against an earthquake.
I think America intends to wage a war against Iraq for financial reason indeed.
We're playing against the league champions next week.
We were rowing against the current.
That's against the law.
She was forced to marry against her will
Are you for or against the death penalty?
I'd advise you against doing that.
They took precautions against fire.
His red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.
You must weigh the benefits against the cost.
What's the rate of exchange against the dollar?
The conspiracy against the minister was discovered before it could be fulfilled.
The campaign against the large pay rises for the chiefs of privatised industries is likely to gain support.

6- ALONG = boyunca anlamna gelir.

1234567-

Lets take a walk along the river.

May I come along with you on the picnic?
May I tag along with you?
They walked slowly along the road.
I looked along the shelves for the book I needed.
Houses had been built along both sides of the river.
You'll find his office just along the corridor.

*** along with *** = in addition to = as well as = besides (= yan sra / ilaveten)
123-

You need to carry out this task, along with the other two officers.
The doctor, along with his assistants, was ready for the operation.
She lost her job when the factory closed, along with hundreds of others.

7- AMID (AMIDST) = ortasnda, arasnda anlamn vermek iin kullanlr.

123-

He felt very embarrassed amid so many people due to his failure on the exam.
Amid all the confusion, the real point of the meeting was lost.
Some of the wreckage caused by the explosion fell amid the crowd of spectators.

8-AMONG (AMONGST) = ortasnda/etraf sarl anlamn vermek iin kullanlr.

1234-

I was among the crowd.

You can see our old house among the oak trees.
The family were constantly quarrelling among themselves.
The author was particularly popular among his contemporaries.

7- APART FROM =
A) -den baka, -nn yannda, ek olarak anlamna gelir.

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12-

His prime interest, apart from music, was his family.

Apart from regular midterms, there are pop quizzes, all of which make up 10 % of the total score.

B) except for a paralel olarak haricinde, dnda anlamna gelir.

1238-

Apart from the president, everybody could grasp how severe the situation was.
All the participants enjoyed themselves apart from my cousin.
There was nothing for me to read apart from a few silly fairy stories.
AROUND =
A) Bir eyin evresinde, etrafnda ya da her tarafnda anlamna gelir.

123456789101112131415-

To some eyewitnesses, a shower of sparks sprayed around the chimney.

I could hear laughter all around.
How do you make the wheels go around?
We were all running around trying to get ready in time.
This is our new officeKay will show you around.
There were papers lying around all over the floor.
There were several young people sitting around looking bored.
There was more money around in those days.
I knocked but there was no one around.
Digital television has been around for some time now.
The house is built around a central courtyard.
He put his arms around her.
Our house is just around the corner.
The bus came around the bend.
There must be a way around the problem.

B) civarnda/yaklak anlamna gelir.

12-

He arrived around five o'clock.

The cost would be somewhere around 1 500.

9- AS = OLARAK anlamn verir. Genelde bir eyin (1) ne olarak ilev yaptn (2) ne olarak dnldn (3) ne
olarak kabul edildiini gstermek iin kullanlr.

Common verbs used with as

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acknowledge =
12- depict =
address =
13- describe =
adopt =
14- diagnose =
cast =
15- disguise =
categorise =
16- employ =
characterise =
17- interpret =
choose =
18- regard =
cite =
19- name =
classify =
20perceive =
conceive =
21- use =
consider =
He was chosen as the leader of the new party.
We are using our living room as bedroom this week, as we are having our bedroom painted.
She used to consider her personal problems as impregnable before she saw a psychiatrist.
This scientist is acknowledged as the one who paved the way for new dimensions in language schools.
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterised as a crippling disease involving joints mostly.

*** AS FOR/TO = -e/-a ya gelince

12-

We were in the presence of a very great man; as for/to our predicament, we were confident that he would rescue
us.
As for/to you, you have no other chances but to accept our proposal.

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3-

As to/for the expenses, we should be more careful.

ASIDE FROM = = except for/with the exception of = nn/nin haricinde

123-

There was nothing I could do, aside from consoling her.

Aside from tutors fees, there is the travel cost.
We will pay for the expense on the journey, aside from buying tickets.

AS REGARDS = ile ilgili olarak, bakmndan

123-

I have very little information as regards her past.

The two girls are alike as regards their social background.
As regards the security of the building, we should take more precautions.

AS WELL AS = in addition to/besides = nn/nin yan sra

123-

He can play the guitar as well as the piano.

He can read well as well as writing.
He can speak good English as well as good Spanish.

*** AT =

1-

Belli bir yerdeki bir noktadan sz ederken(a point in space);

at ones destination
at the crossroads
at the corner of (somewhere)
at Downing Street
at the beginning of (a story)
at the top/bottom (of the page)
at the window

2-

nsanlarn belli bir ama iin bir araya gelip daha sonra da ayrldklar yerler

at the conference
at the station
at the shore
at a hotel
at hospital
at reception
at the bazaar
at a meeting
at the cinema

3-

at the office
at the market
at a party
at (the)college
at home/work
at a match
at the store
at (the) university
at a concert
at the bank
at school
at the church
at the club
at the mosque
at the bus-stop
at the theatre
at the airport
at a lecture

Hedef/ynelme bildiren birtakm fillerle kulllanlr.

smile at
glance at
throw at
12-

at the end (of a street)

at the (first/second) roundabout
at Frankfurt
at the door
at the traffic lights
at Roberts (house)/at the doctors/dentists
at the centre of the Earth
at the front/back

look at
wave at point at
peep at shoot at laugh at
shout at stare at knock at

He pointed a gun at her.

Somebody threw paint at the prime minister.

4- Baz deyimsel ifadelerle kullanlr =

1- at a glance =
2- at a loss/profit =
3- at all costs =
4- at an advantage =
5- at any rate =
6- at best/worst =
7- at birth =
8- at dawn =
9- at dusk =

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101112131415161718-

at death =
at close quarters =
at ease =
at first sight =
at first/last =
at hand =
at heart =
at large =
at least =

www.dilsem.com

19- at length =
20- at one time =
21- at once =
22- at ones disposal =
23- at peace =
24- at random =
25- at short notice =
26- at the age of =
27- at the peak of =
28- at the cost of ones life
5- Belli bir etkinlikte uzmanlk ifade ederken kullanlr.
1234-

29303132333435363738-

at the crack of dawn =

at the expense of =
at the latest =
at the mercy of =
at the same time =
at this rate =
at times =
at war =
at will =
good at/bad at =

He is an expert at repairing clocks.

My mother is brilliant at dressmaking.
I'm good at French.
She's hopeless at managing people.

6- Tam zamanlardaki saat ifadelerinin nnde kullanlr

at six oclock

at 8 p.m.

at eleven oclock

at 4.15.

7- Gnn baz vakitleri ve yemek saatleri ve zel gnler ile;

at dawn
at the same time
at meal
at that time
at times
at Ramadan Feast

at night
at midday
at breakfast
at lunch at dinner
at the weekend
at present
at this time
at the time
at Christmas
at Easter
at noon
at midnight

IN
a)

Kapal mekanlar, kta, lke, ehir, kasaba, ky vs gibi yerleim birimleri ile;
in Turkey
in a room
in a forest
in a picture
in a garden
in the sea
field

b)

in class
in the sky
in bed
in a mirror
in a building
in line
in a village
in a city
in a factory
in a queue
in a box
in a car
in a row
in a street

in the afternoon
in 1926
in 1938

in the evening
in (the) Spring
in (the) Summer

in the night
in the 20th century
in the Middle Ages

in three weeks time

in a months time
in the same time

in moths
in years
in time

in a moment
in no time
in a few minutes

Bazen de hava ya da fiziksel konumlar iin kullanlr;

in the rain
in the hail

e)

in the

Bir olayn ne kadar zaman ierisinde gerekleebileceini ifade ederken( sre), bir aktivite ya da olayn ne
kadar sre alaca sz konusu olduu durumlarda:
in three weeks
in a month
in the meantime

d)

in prison

Gnn dilimleri, aylar, yllar, mevsimler, yzyllar ve alar ile:

in the morning
in January
in December

c)

in Asia
in Europe
in a square
in the water
in the world

in the snow
in the sun

in the moonlight
in the sky

in danger
in advance
in error

in a hurry
in brief
in cash

Bir eyin/olayn olma ekli;

in secret
in answer/response to
in common

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in a manner
in pieces
in case

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in order
in terror
in vain
f)

in one word
in fear
in a way

in silent
in reply to
in haste

Meslek, bir kimsenin stne giydii elbiseden bahsederken, bir nesne ya da maddeyi kullanarak, miktar,
yn belirtirken, ayrca -den/-dan biri derken;
in politics
in teaching
in front of

g)

in a whisper
in sight
in the air

in uniform
in red/blue
in ink

in pencil

in (ones) eye
one in five

in large numbers
in large quantities

Baz deyimsel ifadelerle kullanm:

in one,s opinion in a bad temper
in a moment
in a nutshell
in aid of
in all probabilty
in cash
in charge of
in accordance with in danger
in comprasion with in error
something
in conjunction within full swing
in connection with in love with
in orbit
in order
in person
in pieces
in prospect
in public
in search of
is short
in that
in the act
in the flesh
in the form of
in the meantime in the name of
in time
in time
in use
in vain
time

in a daze
in abeyance
in an instant
in common
in danger of
in exchance of

in a hurry
in action
in brief
in common with
in debt
in fashion

in a jifty
in a mess
in addition to
in advance
in acptivity
in case of
in conclusion
in confidence
in demand
in due coursein
in favour of
in for

in gear
in moderation
in order of
in place of
in pursit of
in sight
in the beginning
in the habit of
in the open
in touch with
in view of

in general
in hand
in need of
in no time
in other words
in pain
in practice
in progress
in reality
in relation to
in silence
in succession
in the country
in the course of
in the hope of
in the limelight
in the same time in the suburbs
in trouble
in tune
in the circumstances

in haste
in opposition to
in particular
in proportion to
in return for
in tears
in the event of
in the long run
in the wake of
in turn
in the nick of

ON
a)

zerinde, stnde, zerinde olma, zerine, dzlem zerinde olma, yn, toplu bir tama arac iinde olma,
herhangi bir konuda ya da alanda veya yoluyla gibi durumlar sz konusu olunca;
on the table
on ones head
on ones return
on the left
on the tip of
on the wall
b)

on ones finger
on ones back
on the ground
on a plane
on this subject
on the ceiling

on a string
on the floor
on the page
on a train
on this enemy
on a door

on ones car
on a chair
on a farm
on suspicion
on a list
on the right
on a bus
on foot
on birds
on ones way
on a plateon the tree

Haftann gnleri, gnn belli blmleri, gn ve tarih bir arada verilirken, bayramlar, festivaller,yl
dnmleri veya belli zel gnler iin;
On Tuesday
On Wednesday
On Ramadan
On the morning of the 25th May

On Friday morning
On Monday evening
On Christmas Day

On May 8th
On 10th March
On ones birthday

on a trip

on vacation

c) Seyahat szckleri ile;

on a journey
d)

on a cruise

on an expedition

Durumunda, halinde, ya da iletiim aralar ile;

on fire
on sale
on purpose
on the radio

e)

on holiday

on strike
on loan
on board
on the TV

on average
on a diet
on the agenda
on the internet

on the pretext of
on the principle
on the outskirts
on the phone

Kenarnda, boyunca, -den dolay, nn/nin zerine (konum), - den/- dan sonra, ile yaam srdrmek,
yiyecek veya iecek smarlarken, TV, Radyo ve tiyatro gibi yerlerde gsterimde olan oyun ya da film gibi
ifadelerle;

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on the river
acting on (sth)
on vegetables
f)

on the north/southof
on deciding
what is on/radio or at the Odean

Deyimsel ifadelerle;
on consideration
take pity on
on duty
on land
on average
on the agenda
on the whole
on the verge of
on behalf of
on grounds
on the strength

g)

on both sides of (a road)

on thinking
drinks are on me

on condition that
have mercy on
on trial
on credit
on good terms with
on the increase/decrease
on the tip of
on the brink of
on the agenda
on the decrease
on the tip of

on a (large/small) scale
on approval
on sail
on account of
on guard
on the strength of
on time
on behalf of
on good terms with
on the outskirts
on the whole

on guard
one one,s own
on one,s way
on (that) date
on a diet
on a trip
on account of
on average
on the hour
on the phone
on time

on fire
on board
on foot
on loan
on occasions
on purpose
on sale
on strike
on the increase
on the point of

negotiation
ban
dependence
compliment
elaborate
impose
pride oneself
reliance

attack
constraint
focus
concentrate
embark
inflict
rely
keen

on ilgecini alan belli bal kelime ve sfatlar

assault
comment
emphasis
outlook
count
feed
insist
spend
insist

burden
embargo
limitation
act
depend
experiment
intrude
spy
intent

effect
limit
sanctions
bet
dwell
gain
live
subsist
contingent

insistence
restriction
boycott
centre
economize
hinge
operate
wait
dependent

ABOARD
( gemi, uak, tren vs) gibi aralara binerken;
They went aboard the ship.

We went aboard the train.

ABOVE
a)

Yukarda, stnde, (scaklk derecesi vs) nn/nin zerinde anlamndadr. Fakat stnde olduu eyle
temas halinde deildir.
We flew above the clouds.
The balloons were flying above our heads.
A helicopter was hovering above the building. The mountain summit is 5137 meters above the sea level
The lamb is above the table.
The elevator does not go above the tenth floor.
The heat was 32 C above the zero.

b)

Fazla, daha fazla, daha ziyade gibi kyaslama belirten ifadelerle;

The company values hard work above good ideas.

My work is well above the average.

c)

G ve rtbece byk ve st mevkide olmak;

d)

The captain is above a lieutenant in the Army.

A principal is above a teacher.
A captain ranks above a sergeant.
There are so many people above me that I can never hope to reach a senior post myself.
Deyimsel anlamda ( her eyden te ) anlamnda;
Think about what I told you; but, above all, dont breathe a word of it to him.

e)

Bir konuda ziyadesiyle onurlu ve iyi olmak (karakter anlamnda);

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He wouldnt steal; he is above that.

ACCORDING TO
(-e/-a gre)
The work has been carried out according to your instructions.
According to the resent statistics, Turkeys economy has made great progress.
According to my brother, I should be more respectful to the elderly.
We should take some stricter precautions, according to the resent results.
According to the critics, the film lacks of a well-organized plot.
According to the law, everybody is equal at the court.
According to the weather forecast, it is going to rain at the weekend.
ACROSS
Bir taraftan br tarafa, bir utan dierine, kar taraf(ta) anlamnda;
The tree fell down across the railway line.
We went across the street/field/the path to sightseeing.
The girl lives across from us.

Mehmets house is just across the road from us.

He dived in off the river-bank and swam across.
I took the old lady across the street.

AFTER
a)

Belli bir sreden sonra, birini ararken ya da birine isim verirken, ve arkasndan, ardndan, peinden, ya da
devaml olarak gibi ifadelerle;
I want you to send me your homework the day after tomorrow.
We will have a meeting on the subject after the meal.
She was after the man who had swindled all her money away.
Who were you named after? Your granny or aunt?
He entered the class after his teacher, and the teacher reproached him.
You should put a period after each sentence.
I am getting more and more excited day after day.
One of your school friends stopped by the door and asked after you.
The police are after me.

b)

deyimsel olarak ( all ) ile kullanrken ( her eye ramen/unutulmamaldr ki anlamnda);

I think she will understand I was right that night after all
I know he hasnt finished the work, but after all, he is very busy.

AGAINST
a)

Bir eyden korunmak maksadyla, kar, noktaya yaslanmak/dayanmak, aksi istikamette/ynde;

You should take medicine against any disease in advance. In Iraq, people are fighting against the enemy.
Stealing and smuggling are against the law.
They sailed against the wind all day.
He rested his bicycle against the wall.
He is against any proposal by that wearing-firm.
I voted against that party, but my friend voted for it.
Women are discriminated against in some underdeveloped countries.
It is about time we insured our house against an earthquake.
I think America intends to wage a war against Iraq for financial reason indeed.
I like leaning against my rocking chair and swinging back and forth.

b)

against ile yaygn olarak kullanlan fiil ve isimler

align
conspire
allay
defend
compete
warn
fight
insurance prejudice
shield
react

guard
immunize
inoculate

insure

revolt
conspiracy

protect

vaccinate

rebel

vote

battle
legislation

crime

bias

ALONG
Batan sona, kenarnda, boyunca, (kardan vs) gelmek, srasnda, (yol vs) zerinde;

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We walked along the road/the river-bank.

His house is along the road.
Look at the man coming along! I know him by sight.

His office is along the corridor.

We walked along the river bank.

ALONG WITH
(together with/in addition to/as well as) (... ile birlikte anlamnda)
A group of school children arrived, along with their teacher.
Put this letter in the file, along with the others.
I ate some chocolates along with some fruit.

APART FROM
(except for/with the exception of/aside from/as well as) nn/nin dnda, haricinde, (anlamca olumsuz
cmlelerde), nn/nin yan sra (anlamca olumlu
cmlelerde);
I cant think of anything else apart from getting into university.
Apart from the recent book, he hasnt still published any book.
Apart from a nice house, he has also bought a speed-car.
Apart from giving harm to the environment, it is also bad for your health.
AROUND(=round)
a)

Etrafnda, yaknnda, civarnda

We all sat around the kitchen table.
The moon goes around the world.
He has travelled around the world.
He put his arm around her.
He lives somewhere around Eskiehir.
Lets go around the town, not through it.
The Earth spins/goes around the Sun in our endless solar system.

b)

Yaklak olarak, hemen hemen ve urda burda anlamnda

They walked around the street.
The book cost me around thirty pounds.

Ill call you around 8.30 tonight.

I think his father is around 45.

BEFORE(=in front of)

a)

-den/-dan nce(sre anlamnda), ok gemeden derken;

I saw him the day before Tuesday and he was in a good condition.
Before long, you will find it very easy to get accustomed to living here.

b)

Daha nemli konumda olma, ... (konum olarak) nnde ya da banda derken;
Your name comes before mine in the list.
The defendant shuddered with fear before the stern judge.
We were having our dinner before the fire.
The headmaster congratulated him before the whole school.
A good company should put quality before quantity.

BEHIND
a)

e/-a doru, gerisinde, arkasnda, ya da desteklemek amacyla arkasnda olmak;

The girl stood just behind me when tried to enter the office.
Never say anything behind a persons back that you wouldnt say to his face.
Our house is just behind your house.
We are all behind you in this decision.

b)

-den/-dan daha az iyi, aasnda olma, ge kalma ya da zamann ok gerisinde kalma;

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We are three points behind the team in the first place.

His ideas are behind the times.

He is a long way behind with his work.

We are a month behind with the rent.

BELOW
Daha aada (mevkice vs), altnda( not; burada altnda darken temas sz konusu deildir);
A captain is below a general.
The temperature today is below freezing point.
In boxing it is a foul to hit below the belt.
Write your name in the space below.
He lives on the floor below us.
The climbers stopped 400m below the top of the mountain.
A moment later the sun had disappeared below the horizon.
It is quite interesting to swim below the surface of the water.
BENEATH(=under)
a)

Aada, altnda, st kapal bir eyin altnda (biraz gizlilik anlam vardr)
The ocean-liner sank beneath the waves.
She found pleasure in sitting beneath the trees.
He concealed the money beneath the mattress. He had two pillows beneath his head

b)

Seviye ya da kapasite bakmndan daha aa olma, demez, nemsiz anlamlarnda;

He is far beneath Julia in intelligence.

What he said is beneath contempt.

BESIDE
a)

Yannda, yan banda, konu ile ilgisi olmama, alakasz;

The man who delivered the next speech was standing just beside me.
We were sitting beside the river / the sea.
What you have said is unfortunately beside the main point.
What he has said is quite beside the question.

b)

...ile kyasla, oranla, kendinden geme halinde olma;

The sales figures for this year dont look very good beside last years results.
I was absolutely beside myself with furry at her indifference.
He was beside himself with rage.

BESIDES
(yan sra, ilaveten, ek olarak, ayrca anlamnda kullanlr.)
I think she has got many good qualities besides being beautiful.
There was only one person besides John who knew the woman.
He knows three other languages besides English.
BETWEEN
ki kii ya da nesne arasnda
There is always a regular air service between Ankara and stanbul
He is sitting between Ali and Tolga over there. Negotiations are being held between the two countries in Spain.
BEYOND
a)

(kapasite, zeka, yetenek bakmndan) tesinde,( fiziksel konum olarak) tesinde, snr ihlal ederek;
Our farm is beyond that mountain.
Dont stay there beyond midnight.
Its beyond me why she married him.
What he said was beyond my comprehension.

b)

The woods go for about two miles beyond the river.

The fruit was beyond my reach.
The situation has changed beyond recognition.

Dnda, bundan baka, ayrca;

I own nothing beyond the clothes on my back. I cant tell you anything beyond what you know already.

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BUT
(ancak, -den/-dan baka, hari anlamlarnda kullanlr.)
There is no one here but me.
I havent told this secret to anyone but you.

Who but Michael would have done such a thing.

I could answer all the questions but one.

BY
a)

Yannda, yaknnda, bir kimse tarafndan, bir eyi kullanarak ya da vastasyla, tek bana, yalnz olarak;
He was standing anxiously by the window, watching the parade.
Let us have a walk by the seashore, as it is awfully nice today.
The book David Copperfield was written by Charles Dickens.
He did all the work by himself without having much difficulty.
A thief does not enter a house by the door, instead, through window.
No one can earn enough money only by writing today.
Sorry, I took your book by mistake yesterday evening.

b)

yanndan gemek, -e/-a ya kadar, bir kural ya da talimat dorultusunda, miktar ya da toplam
belirtmek iin, l birimleri ile, birbiri pei sra, esnasnda ya da sresince, olarak,
The dog seized the thief by the leg.
By next week, he will have registered to the school.
I go by his office every day.
They overcharged me by 3 dollars.
You cant multiply zero by zero.
You should ask the challenging questions one by one.

You should be there by 5 oclock.

He passed by me without noticing my presence there.
Every game should be played by its rules.
We need a room 15 feet by 20 feet.
Sugar is sold by the pound and petrol by the gallon.
Cats sleep by day and hunt by night.

BY MEANS OF
(hrough/with the help of/by way of) (Vastasyla, yoluyla anlamnda kullanlr.)
They escaped by means of a tunnel.
They crossed the bridge by means of a rope.
Information is gathered by means of a computer.
This is a two-year course taught by means of lectures and seminars.
BY NO MEANS (asla,katiyen,kesinlikle,hibir surette)
Its by no means certain that we will be able to move to our new flat in October.
Its by no means that you will pass your driving test without studying hard.
CONCERNING(=about/over) (hakknda,ile ilgili olarak, konusunda vs)
He wants to ask your advice concerning one or two questions.
Concerning the point raised by the previous speaker, I can add nothing to what I have already said.
The journalist wrote a number of articles concerning the prisons and prisoners in Turkey.
CONSIDERING( gz nnde bulundurulursa, bakld zaman : in view of/with regard to)
Considering the circumstances, this was an important decision for their team.
Considering what you have done for him, I think he should be grateful to you.
DOWN (aa doru, aada, aaya vs)
They were running down the street.
They live just down the road.

The bathroom is down those stairs.

He looked down the pipe.

DURING(Srasnda, esnasnda, esnasnca, boyunca vs)

The sun gives light during the day-time and the moon during the night.
A large numbers of tourists visit our town during the festivals.
He looked after my son during my illness.
During his childhood, he was quite a selfish person.

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EXCEPT ( for ) (=save for/excluding) (dnda, haricinde, -den/-dan baka/ziyade vs)

He answered all the questions except (for) the last one.
I know nothing about it except (for) what I read in the paper.
Everyone except (for) him answered the last question correctly.
EXCLUDING (nn/nin dnda vs)
There was everybody at the party excluding the Browns.
Excluding Paris and Germany, the other states of Europe are ill-developed countries.
FOLLOWING(=after) (-den/-dan sonra, sonrasnda vs)
Following the meeting, we went to a nice restaurant and had a delicious meal.
Following his arrest, there were demonstrations in many parts of the country.
Following the next Tuesday, they flew to America to pay visit to his grandma.
FOR
a)

iin, ama belirtmek iim, nn/nin yerine, adna, yararna, yznden, -den/ - dan dolay ya da
sresince derken;
The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold.
This knife is used for cutting bread.
I hated him for humiliated me in front of everybody there. People some cigarettes for a variety of reasons.
The weather was very bad for several days/ a week.
Let me lift that heavy box for you, darling.
The train left for Bursa just now.

b)

Gz nne alndnda, olarak/niyetine, -nn/nin karl olarak, cret veya miktar belirtirken, ile
ilgili/balantl olarak,
She is rather tall for her age.
What shall we buy her for her birthday present?
Turkey is famous for its historical sites.

c)

The weather is very warm for November.

This medicine is good for a cough.

for ilgeci ile yaygn olarak kullanlan fill ve sfatlar;

admiration
affection
disrespect
enthusiasm
adequate
sufficient
qualified
necessary
bound

appreciation
hatred
justification
love
conspicuous
anxious
suitable
responsible
enough

dislike
reputation
passion
quest
famous
eager
appropriate
useful
grateful

explanation
affinity
appeal
contempt
homesick
fit
eligible
notorious

need
cure
demand
reason
proper
liable
good
sorry

FROM
Balayarak, -den/-dan gelmek, meydana gelmek, hangi memleketten olduunu sylerken, ayrcalk, farkllk veya
uzaklk belirtirken, ya da yznden/dolay vs gibi sebeb sonu ilikisi ifade ederken kullanlr.
He is blind from birth.
My math teacher Gngr is from Adana.
Were very far from our hometown now.
My friend Berrin comes from a notable and rich family.
The shop is open from eight till/until five oclock ever day.
He read the book from the beginning to the end in half
an hour.
Bread is made from flour.
I grew those plants from seed.
The siblings are so alike that I cant tell one from the other. They suffered a lot from cold and hunger during the war.
Uyar: from ilgeci ile yaygn olarak kullanlan fiil ve sfatlar
abstain
deviate
recover
retire
borrow

benefit
emerge
profit
suffer
derive

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date
escape
refrain
alienate
deter

deduce
diverge
resign
ban
differentiate

13

depart
infer
result
bar
divert

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discriminate
hinder

distinguish
prevent

draw

eliminate

exclude

INSIDE(=in)
inde, ierisinde, kapal bir mekan olarak;
Put those packages inside the car.
I opened the box slowly and saw a nice gift inside to be given her on her birthday.
INTO
a)

iine, ieriye doru, fikir,karakter vs veya yaam tarz deitirirken, bir eye arpmada ve bir konuyla
ilgilenmede;

It was heavily raining, so they went into the house.

She jumped into the pool all at once.
She got into trouble by saying she knew the main reason for the death.
She developed into a beautiful woman.
Could you please, turn this article from Turkish into English?
His new car ran into a wall while going to Ankara.
He has given up photography now, and hes into religion and modern music.
b)

into ile yaygn olarak kullanlan fiil ve isimler;

incorporate
investigation

transform
intrusion

classify
insight

burst
split

put
come

crash
inquiry

IRRESPECTIVE OF(=without considering) (-e/-aya bakmakszn, gz nne almakszn;)

Severe measures will be taken against those responsible for this tragic event irrespective of their rank.
Irrespective of their races, they would help them in every matter.
LET ALONE (yle dursun, brakn / bile (yapamaz)
Turkey cannot even support its present population let alone cope with the influx of refugees.
LIKE (benzer ekilde, ayn ekilde, gibi, ve rnein derken)
When the car is painted it will look like a Mercedes.
It was like me( typical of ).
I asked lots of people, like Mr. Jack and Mrs. Brown

I cant speak English like you.

Dont look at me like that.
He was crying like a baby.

OF
a)

Ait olma durumunda, oluuyor,-y/yi ieriyor, bir eyden yaplm olma, tarafndan derken,
tamlamalarda, ya da bir kimsenin zelliinden ya da niteliinden, ile ilgili diye bahsederken;

The results of the experiment were rather shocking.

Mrs. Onur is a lady of intelligence and charm.
He is a politician of great integrity.
Could you give me a kilo of sugar, please?
He gave me a piece of good advice yesterday afternoon. What do you think about the plays of Shakespeare?
I very muck like the stories of adventure.
I think the outcome of the elections will lead to the resignation of him.
b)

le alakal, ile balantl olarak, tarihlerle, (saatlerde) -den/-dan nce, esnasnda, bir kimsenin ya,
sresince gibi ifadelerle;

The doctor cured me of my illness.

We will hold a meeting on the fifth of April.
He is a man of 50.
c)
afraid
aware
fond
ignorant
positive
proud
weary
worthy

Yesterday, her uncle died of lung cancer.

Its five of two.
They always like to go there of an evening

of ile yaygn olarak kullanlan baz fiil,sfat ve isimler;

conscious
critical
hopeful
oblivious
void
wary
cognizant
approve

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fearful
neglectful
negligent
tolerant
certain
characteristic
envious
complain

heedful

mindful
thoughtful
capable
careful
desirous
destitute
frightened
destructive
full
devoid
glad
guilty
jealous
despair
dispose

14

sure
deserving
forgetful
illustrative
innocent
scared
short
know

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beware
boast
accuse
cure

conceive
consist
convict
notify

die
disapprove
inform
rob

dream
hear

repent
smell
remind

assure

taste
think
suspect

deprive

acquit
relieve

OFF
-den/-dan ayrlmak, uzaklamak, bitiiinde, bir eye sahip olmama, -den/-dan uzak durma, aklarnda, bir
yere giderken;
Turn off the main road here and you will come to the office.
The picture fell off the wall.
My house is just 50 meters off Main Street.
No one can keep the children off the road here.
The post office is just off High Street.
We are getting off the main topic.
He jumped off the bus.
There is a nice island off the coast of France.
He is off cigarettes.
We are off to stanbul next week.
OUTSIDE (Kapal bir yerden, ieriden dar doru, darda derken)
Outside the building, there were a lot of people awaiting for the concert.
No one outside the family knew of the fair.
Art and science are uniquely human actions, outside the range of anything that an animal can do.
ON ACCOUNT OF(=because of/owing to/due to) (-den/-dan dolay gibi sebep sonu ilikisi ifade eden yaplarla)
The diplomat was expelled on account of his involvement in embezzlement.
On account of his carelessness, we had a terrible accident on the motorway.
ONTO (zerine, stne derken)
The bird perched onto the curtain rail.
He threw the books violently onto the floor.

She fell back onto the bed.

OPPOSITE (Karda, karsnda, kar tarafnda)

Our school is opposite the post office.
There is a newly-married couple living opposite.
The man who sat just opposite me kept staring at me.
OTHER THAN (-nn/-nin dnda, -den/-dan baka/ziyade)
She thinks Im rich, but the fact is that I dont have a thing other than this car.
No one other than his relatives went to his funeral.
I know of no famous actress other than Julia Roberts.
OUT OF
eriden dar doru, (insan ya da nesne) arasndan, srf den/-dan dolay, den dolay, yznden ve bir eyin
yapld orijinal maddeyi belirtmede ya da (para ya da herhangi bir nesnenin) yokluundan/eksikliinden sz
ederken;
He jumped out of bed and went out of the room.
We watched them until they were out of sight.
Three out of four people chose this soap.
I came here just out of curiosity to see what had happened here.
We are nearly out of money/gasoline.
This table is made out of wood.
She has woken up out of a deep sleep when she heard a sudden noise.
OVER
a)

zerinde, ve zeri (ya vs bakmndan), zerinden, stnden, ( uzun zaman, yllar getikten) sonra, den fazla/ -den ziyade tede ve konusunda, hakknda, tekrar tekrar, yan sra gibi ifadelerle;

fly over (an ocean)

helicopter over (somewhere)
people who are 18 and over
over (famine)

b)

over the table

over the street
over (forty books)
over and over

(ran) over the dog

over the wall
over the years
over the fence

nn/nin her tarafnda, zerinden/vastasyla, ynetimi yada komutas altnda olma, her yeri/taraf,
kapatmak ya da rtmekle ve esnasnda, iken ile ilgili ifadelerle;

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over (his) face

over the phone/radio
c)

over dinner/Christmas
over Europe/ the world

over ile yaygn olarak kullanlan fiil ve isimler;

agonize
disagree
triumph
concern

come to terms
grieve
advantage
control

fuss
puzzle
battle
dispute

quarrel
row
controversy
outcry

wrangle
clash
grief
mastery

argue
fight
victory

THROUGH
a)

Batan sona, bir yandan br yana, iinden, arasndan geerek,

nedeniyle/sebebiyle/yznden-den/-dan dolay ya da sonucunda derken;

yoluyla/vastasyla,

They walked through the park/woods/forest/field.

We drove through the tunnel.
The company lost several orders through production delays.
She has had a lot of days off through illness this year.
She climbed in through the window.
It was through my brother that I got this post.
It was through your carelessness that we had an accident last month.
We walked through the village.

b)

yerden/bir eyden (snav vs) geerek, geme halinde, boyunca, sonuna dek, iki zaman dilimi arasnda ve
bir takm deyimsel ifadelerle;

I walked through a red light.

Did you get through your examination?
I dont think the old man will live through the night.
I read right through the book.
He and I worked all through our holidays this summer. We worked Wednesday through Sunday.
The dentist will be in his clinic from 4 oclock through 7 oclock.

THROUGHOUT( Tarih vs ) boyunca, ( yer, lke vs) apnda;

Throughout the country, many people are out of work.
Mathematics is studied throughout the entire undergraduate course of study.
The doctor told us that our child would need medical care throughout his life.
The cancer has spread throughout Johns body.
TO
a)

-e/-a doru, bir yere/eye doru ynelirken;

We stayed there from Monday to Tuesday and we had a lot of fun.
She threw the ball to me.
She wants a room to herself.

b)

(bir kimseye vs) kar, (zaman ifadelerinde ya da toplama ilemlerinde kala) derken, nn/nin zerine, her
bir iin derken;
He is rather kind to the people around her.
They live next door to me.
Lets drink to his success.
It is ten to 23:00.
We went to Istanbul to visit the old and historical places there.
There are 100 cents to the dollar.

c)

dier ifadelerle;
We must set to work on that job as soon as possible.
I prefer this book to that one.

No more sugar; please, it is exactly to my liking.

TOWARD(S)
a)

Ynnde, -e/-a doru, ynelik olarak, fazla gemeden, belli bir zaman diliminden once;
She was walking toward town when I met her.
The pilgrims headed toward Mecca.
Toward the end of the afternoon, it began to rain.
My feelings towards her have changed over the years.
Our students lose their interest in virtually all subjects towards the end of the term.

b)

Bir demeden yaplan kesinti, gelir sz konusu olunca;

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We save 25 dollars a week toward our trip to London.Ill pay you something toward what I owe you.

UNDER
a)

Birinin kontrol ya da emir altnda olmak, ... aasnda/altnda, nn/nin idaresi altnda/srasnda darken;
He has three engineers under his control.
I did those all under orders.
Children under 18 shouldnt drink alcohol.
You cannot sign that contract, as you are under age.
Turkey under Atatrk was a fast-developing country unlike its condition now.

b)

(fiziksel mekan olarak) altnda, snfndan/snflandrma, deiik durum ve hallerde, (inaat vs)
yaplmakta, (gr, fakir ya da konu) ilgilenmekte ya da tartlmakta diye derken;
You are not under obligation to pay for the damage to his car.
More hospitals are under constructions.
The main road and the highway forward are still under repair.
This topic has still been under discussion for a long time
Under no circumstances can you leave me here alone tonight.

The situation is still not under control.

Investigation is under way.
Rabbits come under Animals in the list.
The proposal is now under consideration.
What are you wearing under your coat?

UNDERNEATH(=under)(Altnda, alt tarafnda)

He swept the dirt underneath the rug.

The insect crept underneath the door.

UP
eride, yukarda, zerinde, kar ynde, aksi istikamette, yukarya, yukarda, yukar doru;
They live just up the road.
You cannot swim up the running water.

Hang your hat up here.

Is the elevator going up or down?

UP AND DOWN (Yukar aa, ileri geri, boyunca)

Why are you climbing up and down the ladder?
His eyes moved up and down the rows of people, looking for his son.
The prisoners usually walk up and down.
UNTIL(Kadar, dein anlamnda)
I cannot wait until tomorrow.
Keep driving straight until you get the school, and then turn the left, you will see the house.
We waited outside the class until (till) the teacher finished his lecture.
UPON (zerinde, -den/-dan sonra anlamnda)
All eyes were upon me, so naturally I felt a bit embarrassed.
You can never place enough emphasis upon the importance of safety.
Upon completing his job, he left for a summer vacation.
Upon arrival, you should register at the information desk.
WITH
a)

le beraber, sahip olma, vastasyla, ile kapl, ile rtl, yoluyla, kullanarak;
Have you brought up all your money with you?
A man with plenty of money has plenty of friends?
After the heavy rain, almost everywhere was covered with mud.
His heart was filled with excitement when he saw his girlfriend after years of her absence.
What do you think to do with the money you have inherited your grandma?
I see with my eyes, hear with my ears and smell with my nose.

b)

Destekleyerek, destek olmak, ile ayn dorultuda, istikamette, ayn oranda/zamanda, kar olarak, kar,
-e/-a ramen, -den/-dan dolay, yznden , ile ilgili, durumunda derken;
I am with you no matter what may happen to us both, so what about you?
It is very easy to sail with the wind.
The achievement of a student improves with time.

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In Independence War, the Turks had to fight with nearly 6 nations for defending their country.
With all his faults, I still like him very much.
With excitement and less concentration, I almost failed the exam.
WITHIN (eride, iinde, gemeden, amadan, (zaman vs iin) ierisinde derken)
When the house was on fire, there were many people within the building.
They will arrive within an hour.
You should always keep within the law.
I will be back within a few minutes.

WITHOUT (olmakszn, sz/siz, szn/sizin, (do without)sz/siz yapamamak)

Dont go out without a coat in winter.
I had a night without sleep so I feel sleepy now.
I have been here without money for days.
I cannot do without you, as I love you much.
If we cannot afford a new car, we will have to do without it

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