Physics Qualifying Exam PartI Winter 2013 ‘Wednesday, January 9, 2013 PLEASE SHOW ALL WORK FOR PARTIAL CREDITA block of mass m slides from rest on a frictionless loop-the-loop (vertical circle) track as shown. The block is released from the minimum height such that it can complete the loop. Give your answers below in term of r and g. a) What is the speed of the block when it just enters the bottom of the loop? ) What force does the block exert on the track immediately after it enters the bottom of the loop? Problem 2: A rectangular loop of dimensions ¢ and w moves with a constant velocity ¥ away from a long wire that carries a current / in the plane of the loop shown in the diagram below. The total resistance of the loop is R. Derive an expression that gives the current in the loop at the instant the near side is a distance from the wire. Problem 3: An air track cart of mass m on a horizontal air track is attached to a string that goes over a pulley with a moment of inertia of /and a radius of r. The string is pulled vertically downward by a force F. What is the tension in the string between the pulley and the cart as a function of F, m, J and rProblem 4: ‘The orbital motion of a particle is described by the wave function 2 10.8) FE 8.9)+ HO) + EVO) )What is the probability of finding the system in a state with azimuthal quantum number m: 2 b) What is the probability of finding the system with total orbital angular momentum I Problem 5: Derive an expression for electric potential along the axis (the x-axis) of a disk with a hole in the center, as shown in the figure, where R; and R2 are the inner and outer radii of the disk. The disk has a uniform charge density of o. Problem 6: ‘A diving board length L = 6 m with a mass of M= 20 kg is supported by two pillars. One pillar is at the left end of the diving board, as, shown below; the other is distance d= 1.50 m away. Find the directions and magnitude of the forces exerted by the left and right pillar when a 100.0 kg diver stands at the far end of the board. (Use a gravitational constant of g = 10 m/s” in your calculation)Problem 7: Musical instruments can be reasonably well described in terms of open and closed pipes. The clarinet is a closed e (closed at one end) and the flute is an open pipe (open at both ends.) The flute and the clarinet are approximately the same length. Suppose that the fundamental frequency of the flute is f. (@) What is the fundamental frequency of the clarinet in terms of ? (b) If the instruments were truly closed and open pipes of fixed length (they are not) could both instruments play the same frequency or frequencies? If so, what frequencies are they? (©) Amoctave is defined as a factor of two in frequency. Can either the flute or the clarinet play a note that is two octaves above its fundamental? Why or why not? Problem 8: A diatomic ideal gas (Cy = SR/2) containing n moles goes z Isothermal through the cycle as indicated in the accompanying diagram, processes, The paths BC and D—A are isothermal and the paths AB B and CD are at constant volume. Give your answers in terms c of T;,n, and R, except for part e, where a number is required, 31 (@ Calculate Qas and Was, (b) Calculate Que and Wa. (© Calculate Qcp and Wop. @ Calculate Qoa and Woa. (©) Whatis the efficiency of this cycle? Problem 9: A light wave with 4 = 750 nm is incident upon a Young double slit apparatus. The tenth interference maximum (m = 10) is found to be at an angle 0= 30°. @ &) (©) (Hint: sin(30°) What is the distance d between the two slits? Suppose that this maximum is not there because it is completely cancelled by the first diffraction minimum of the single slit diffraction pattern. What is the width a of the individual slits? Suppose now that light with 2 = 550 nm is incident on the same double-slit apparatus as that of parts (a) and (b). Will the tenth interference maximum be visible for this interference pattern or will it be completely canceled by the single slit diffraction minimum? Why or why not? ”)Problem 10: In a simple model a hurricane is described by cylindrical Fao mass of rotating air with no updrafis, downdrafts, or turbulence. In this vortex model, the air in a central region 120. called the eye is assumed to rotate as if it was one solid piece of material - slowest tangential speed at the center and fastest at the outer edge or eye wall. Beyond the eye wall, wind speeds decay away. Doppler radar measurements give the following tangential wind speeds for a hurricane (see figure, where horizontal axis is in km): (a) Estimate the rotational kinetic energy, and (©) the angular momentum, that the eye of this hurricane carries, approximating it as a rigidly rotating uniform cylinder of air (density 1.0 0 Ld 100 kg/m’) with a height of 4.0 km (/= 0.5MR?). Use a value distance from center of x= 3.0 in your calculations. (© Compare the rotational kinetic energy of the hurricane to the energy generated in a nuclear power plant, which has a power production of 960 MW. tangential speed [km/h] o 8 8 8 8 Problem 11: A particle of mass m is trapped in a three-dimensional rectangular potential well with sides of length L, L, 2L. Inside the box the potential is V= 0 outside V= +00. Assume that y = Asin(k,x)sin(ky)sin(k3z) is the wavefunction inside the well, where 4 is a normalization constant. (@) Find the energy of the ground state and first three excited levels, (b) Which of these levels are degenerate? Problem 12: An object is placed a distance 4.0 m from a wall. A lens is placed between the object and the wall and a real image is formed on the wall that is four times the size of the object. (@) Whats the distance of the object from the lens? (6) Whats the focal length of the lens? (©) Suppose now the lens is moved either toward or away from the object. At what distance from the object will the lens again form a real object on the wall? (@)_— Suppose that the object is now moved closer and closer to the wall and the lens above continues to be used. At what minimum distance from the wall, if any, will the lens no longer be able to form a real image of the object?Problem 13: A very long line charge with a uniform linear charge density +32. is surrounded by a concentric insulating cylindrical tube of inner radius R, and outer radius Ro, as shown in the diagram. The tube is uniformly charged with a linear charge density of -7A. The line of charge lies along the axis of the charged tube. Determine the electric field I as a function of distance r from the center of the cylinder for: +34 ) RiKR ‘Now suppose that the tube were a solid conductor of the same size, instead of an insulator, with a linear charge of -72. (@) What would be your new answers to parts (a), (b) and (c) above? (©) What would be the linear charge densities on the inner and outer surfaces of the conducting tube? Problem 14: ‘A monatomic gas is in State 1 with volume Vi, pressure P,, and temperature T}. It now expanses freely to State 2 with V2=2Vi. (@) What are P; and T; for the gas in State 2? (b) Indicate State 1 and State 2 on a P-V diagram, (©) What is the change in the entropy of the system in this process? Problem 15: For an ideal gas of diatomic molecules, assume in the following that at all temperatures of interest, the atoms forming a molecule remain bounded through a harmonic potential. a) At very low temperature, what is c,, the specific heat per molecule. b) At very high temperature, what is cy ©) At both low and high temperatures, the specific heat is temperature independent to good approximation. There is an intermediate temperature range where this is true also. What is cy in this temperature range.