2008

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 22, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER 2007

A Family of Auxiliary Switch ZVS-PWM

DCDC Converters With Coupled Inductor
N. Lakshminarasamma and V. Ramanarayanan

AbstractA novel auxiliary switch dcdc converter with coupled

inductor is presented in this paper. The proposed circuit achieves
loss-less switching for both the main and auxiliary switches without
increasing the main device current/voltage rating. A tapping in the
pole inductor is added for the purpose of commutation. The proposed circuit is capable of operation at elevated switching frequencies of several hundreds of kHz, in a range of line and load variations. The proposed circuit is applicable to all isolated and non-isolated dcdc converters. The performance and the design equations
of the ZVS are identical for all types of dcdc converters when the
throw voltage and the pole current are properly defined. In the sections that follow, operating principle and theoretical analysis of the
proposed circuit is outlined through the example of buck converter.
Simulation and experimental results of 33 W, 400 kHz boost converter are presented.
Index TermsAuxiliary switch converters, coupled inductor,
resonant converters, zero current switching (ZCS), zero voltage
switching (ZVS).

NOMENCLATURE
Main switch.
Auxiliary switch.
Main Diode.
Auxiliary diode.
Auxiliary voltage.
Resonant inductor.
Resonant capacitor.
Throw voltage.
Pole current.
Resonant frequency.
Switching frequency.
Resonant inductor current.
Auxiliary switch current.
Resonant capacitor voltage.
Output voltage.
Input voltage.
Voltage across the main switch.
Current through the main switch.
Manuscript received April 28, 2006; revised October 13, 2006. This work was
supported by a research grant from the Indian Space Research Organization.
Recommended for publication by Associate Editor Y.-F. Liu.
The authors are with the Power Electronics group, Department of Electrical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India (e-mail: lakshmin@ee.iisc.ernet.in).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online
at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPEL.2007.904225

I. INTRODUCTION
HE constant demand for smaller and lighter power dcdc
converters is pushing the switching frequencies well into
the megahertz range. Such high frequency switching is possible by resonant topologies [2][19]. In contrast to the sharpedged switching waveforms of pulsewidth modulation (PWM)
converters, these resonant converter topologies feature smooth
waveforms resulting in reduced switching losses and less interference.
Quasi-resonant converters (QRCs) introduced in [3] reduce
the switching losses in PWM converters operating at high
switching frequency. The control for this family of converters
is by variable switching frequency. However the switches in
QRC are subjected to high voltage stress and/or high current
stress [4].
In zero-voltage transition (ZVT) introduced in [6], the VA
ratings of the switches are same as that of the source voltage
and load current. However, the auxiliary switches still have
switching losses during turnoff [19].
In auxiliary resonant commutated pole converter (ARCP) introduced in [5], the VA ratings of the main switch are same as
that of the source voltage and load current. These converters
have advantages of traditional PWM converters. The resonant
current is not carried by the main switch [18].
Active clamp converters, introduced in [7] have some constraints. Zero voltage switching in these converters is load dependent. VA rating of the switches is higher than the source
voltage and the load current [17].
Several ZVT topologies have been proposed [9][16]. All
these topologies have an auxiliary circuit, added to the pwm
counter part. This ensures soft turnoff of the passive switch and
ZVS turnon of the active switch. The ZVT converters proposed
in literature have the following features.
Turnoff of the auxiliary switch is lossy.
The auxiliary switch requires a floating gate drive. This
increases the complexity of the converter.
The converter is complex, either because of the numerous
passive/or active elements or because of complicated control technique used to operate the converter.
The proposed circuit [20] addresses the above problems and
maintains the advantages of traditional PWM converters. The
proposed circuit employs an auxiliary switch to achieve soft
switching of the main device in the converter. The switching
transitions of both the active switch and auxiliary switch are
loss-less. The switching frequency is constant in the proposed
converter. The VA ratings of the active switch are same as that
of the source voltage and load current. The proposed circuit can

0885-8993/$25.00 2007 IEEE

LAKSHMINARASAMMA AND RAMANARAYANAN: FAMILY OF AUXILIARY SWITCH ZVS-PWM DCDC CONVERTERS

2009

Fig. 1. Typical switching pole in a power converter.

= 0.

Fig. 3. Auxiliary circuit cell with V

Fig. 2. Auxiliary circuit cell.

be applied to all topologies - isolated and non-isolated PWM

converters.
The paper is organized as follows: Section II presents the
generic requirements of ZVT PWM converters with auxiliary
switch. Section III presents the mathematical analysis of the
performance of a sample buck converter with proposed circuit.
Application to other circuits is also presented in the Section III.
Design guidelines with an design example is presented in Section IV. Section V presents the simulation and experimental results of 33 W, 400 kHz boost converter. Section VI gives the
conclusion and the references.

Fig. 4. Switching transitions of the auxiliary circuit with V

= 0.

II. ZVT PWM CONVERTERS MECHANISM

Fig. 1 shows the basic switching element common to all
switching power converters [1]. The throw voltage
, and
are defined as shown in Fig. 1. The active
the pole current
and the passive switches are and , respectively. The switch
and the switch current
trajectories are shown
voltage
in Fig. 1. Every turnon and turnoff process transits through
. This results in high
the high dissipation point of
switching losses which is proportional to the switching frequency. The proposed scheme introduces an auxiliary circuit
connected in parallel to the active switch. The auxiliary circuit
, a series diode
, a set of
consists of auxiliary switch
and
and a dependant voltage source
resonant elements
as shown in Fig. 2. The auxiliary circuit when switched
properly, ensures lossless switching.
A. Auxiliary Circuit With

Consider the circuit shown in Fig. 3. The steady-state ZVT

waveforms are shown in Fig. 4. The operating modes of the
circuit are shown in Fig. 5.
: The load current is free-wheeling
Interval 0
through the passive switch ; resonant capacitor
is charged
. The auxiliary switch
and main switch are in OFF
to
state as shown in Fig. 5(a). This state is just prior to commutation of current from passive switch to active switch .

=
=

Fig. 5. Operating modes of of the proposed circuit with auxiliary voltage V

0. (a) Auxiliary circuit cell with V
0. (b) Auxiliary circuit cell with V
0: Interval 1. (c) Auxiliary circuit cell with V
0: Interval 2. (d) Auxiliary
circuit cell with V
0: Interval 3.

Interval 1
: This interval begins when the auxis turned-on at
. The turnon of the auxiliary switch
is zero current. The equivalent circuit is shown
iliary switch
0 as the initial condition of resonant
in Fig. 5(b) with
inductor. The load current is freewheeling through the passive
switch . The current in the auxiliary switch increases linearly
as in

(1)

2010

At
off

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 22, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER 2007

, when

reaches

, the passive switch

turns

(2)
Interval 2
: The turnoff of the passive switch
is followed by the resonant interval. The resonant inductor
and the resonant capacitor
resonate during this interval. The
current in the auxiliary switch will raise sinusoidally. The resonant inductor current and the resonant capacitor voltage equations are given in (3) and (4), respectively. The equivalent circuit
in this interval is shown in Fig. 5(c)

Fig. 6. Auxiliary circuit with V 6 0.

(3)

(4)
At
, when
reaches zero, the body diode of the main
switch turns-on. The main switch can be now turned-on
with zero voltage switching
(5)
Interval 3
: The equivalent circuit following
is shown in Fig. 5(d). However, the turnoff of
under this
condition will be hard, with switching overvoltage on account
being interrupted. This is undesirable.
of the current in
0:
It is observed that, for the auxiliary circuit with
1) The turnon process of the main switch is at zero voltage.
The turnoff process of the main switch is at zero voltage
(on account of the capacitor across the switch during
turnoff).
is at zero-current.
2) The turnon of the auxiliary switch
is lossy.
The turnoff transition of the auxiliary switch
The novelty of the proposed circuit is to reduce the auxiliary switch current to zero in a lossless fashion. The same is
explained in the next section.
B. Auxiliary Circuit With
It is seen that the turnoff of auxiliary switch
is lossy with
0. We may use an auxiliary source
of appropriate polarity in order to obtain loss-less turnoff of the auxiliary switch
as well. Such a circuit, operating waveforms and the equivalent circuit are given in the following. Fig. 6 shows the auxiliary
0. The transients intervals
circuit with the auxiliary source
and the steady-state waveforms are shown in Fig. 7.
: The load current is free-wheeling
Interval 0
through the passive switch . Resonant capacitor
is
and main switch are
charged to . The auxiliary switch
in OFF state. This state is just prior to commutation of current
from passive switch to active switch .
Interval 1
: At instant
, auxiliary switch
is turned-on with
0 as the initial current of reso-

Fig. 7. Switching transitions of the auxiliary circuit with V 6 0.

nant inductor . The current in the auxiliary switch will raise

as in (6) (
0 in this interval)
with a slope of

where
At
off

, when

reaches

, the passive switch

(6)
turns

(7)
: The turnoff of the passive switch
Interval 2
is followed by the resonant interval. The resonant inductor
and the resonant capacitor
resonate during this interval.
The current in the auxiliary switch raises sinusoidally. The resonant inductor current/auxiliary switch current and the resonant
capacitor voltage equations are given in (8) and, respectively
(8)

(9)

LAKSHMINARASAMMA AND RAMANARAYANAN: FAMILY OF AUXILIARY SWITCH ZVS-PWM DCDC CONVERTERS

2011

At end of the interval,

reaches . This forward-biases
the body diode of the main switch . Thereby the main switch
can be turned-on with ZVS
(10)
The valid solution for
is from the second quadrant. The
qualitative change in introducing the dependent voltage in the
auxiliary circuit occurs following the resonant interval .
: We assume that the auxiliary
Interval 3
voltage
0 in this interval (Later we will see how the auxmay be obtained). In the auxiliary ciriliary voltage source
cuit, the resonant inductor faces a negative voltage during this
, the
interval which resets the same in the interval . At
inductor current has fallen to zero. It is noticed that the load current has completely transferred to the main switch in Fig. 7. The
at
, ensures zero current
turnoff of the auxiliary switch
switching. Following the interval , the gate drive to the auxiliary switch may be turned-off as shown in Fig. 7. What follows
from interval to is the ON time of the main switch.
: The main switch is switched-off
Interval 4
, i.e., at the end of
. The turnoff of the main
at
switch is at zero voltage, on account of capacitor across the main
switch. The voltage across the switch raises slowly thereby reducing the turnoff transition losses.
0.
It is observed that, for the auxiliary circuit with
1) The turnon process of the main switch is at zero voltage.
The turnoff process of the main switch is at zero voltage
(on account of the capacitor across the switch during
turnoff).
are at
2) The turnon/turnoff transitions of auxiliary switch
zero current.
The switching transitions of both the main and auxiliary
switches are lossless.
III. CIRCUIT REALIZATION OF THE AUXILIARY SOURCE AND
ANALYSIS OF BUCK CONVERTER WITH AUXILIARY CIRCUIT
We have observed in Section II that it is necessary to obtain a
whose magnitude is less than zero during
dependent source
turnoff of the passive switch , i.e., interval
and greater than zero during reset of the auxiliary switch
i.e.,
. The magnitude of could be same or
interval
different during the interval 2 and interval 4. The generation of
the dependent voltage source is by the auxiliary winding coupled to the main inductor. Fig. 8 shows the primitive auxiliary
circuit for a buck converter employing this method. The commutation process and the mathematical analysis is explained for
the buck converter with auxiliary switch.
To simplify the analysis, it is considered that, the converter
is operating in steady state and the following assumptions are
made.
1) All components and devices are ideal.
2) The output filter inductor is large enough to assume that
the output current is constant, during the switching transients.
3) The output capacitor is large enough to assume that the
output voltage is constant and ripple free.

Fig. 8. Buck converter with primitive auxiliary switch commutation circuit.

Fig. 9. ZVS buck converter: Interval 0.

Fig. 10. ZVS buck converter: Interval 1.

Fig. 11. ZVS buck converter: Interval 2.

may be chosen conveThe turns ratio between and

has to carry the commutation current
niently. The winding
and reset current only. Therefore the RMS value of this coupled
winding will be a small fraction of the current flowing in the
main inductor . Accordingly, this will not demand a higher size
of inductor. The complete commutation process and the mathematical analysis are explained below for a buck converter. To
simplify the analysis, turns ratio for the coupled inductor ( and
) is taken to be 1. Switching sequences and the switching
transients are as shown in Fig. 12.
: Prior to time
, the main switch
Interval 0
and the auxiliary switch
is in OFF state as shown in Fig. 9.
The load current is freewheeling through the diode . The res. This state is
onant capacitor is charged to voltage
just prior to the commutation of the current from the diode to
main switch .
: This interval begins when the auxInterval 1
is turned-on with ZCS at
. The equivalent
iliary switch
as the initial curcircuit is shown in Fig. 10 with
rent of resonant inductor . The load current is freewheeling

2012

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 22, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER 2007

Fig. 13. ZVS buck converter: Interval 3.

Fig. 14. ZVS buck converter: End of commutation.

(17)
Fig. 12. Switching transitions of the buck converter with auxiliary switch.

through the passive switch (see Fig. 11). The current in the
auxiliary switch will increase linearly as in

where
At
turns off

, when

reaches

(11)

, the passive switch

, body diode of the main switch is ON and main

At time
switch can now be turned-on with ZVS (see Figs. 1315).
: The resonant inductor current
Interval 3
flows through the main switch , auxiliary switch
and the
. The trapped energy in the auxiliary cirauxiliary diode
is recovered into the coupled inductor
. The
cuit inductor
. The negative
voltage across the coupled winding is
voltage across the resonant inductor
will reset
linearly to zero as given by (18). Turnoff of the auxiliary switch at
, ensures zero current switching
(18)

(12)
Interval 2
: The turnoff of the passive switch
is followed by the resonant interval. The resonant elements
and
resonate during this interval. The auxiliary switch
raises sinusoidally as shown in (13). Equation
current
(18) and (13) gives the voltage across the resonant capacitor
and the current through the resonant inductor respectively. This
interval ends, when the voltage across the resonant capacitor
reaches
. This forward biases the body diode
of the main switch

(13)

(14)
where

(15)
(16)

End of interval

is when

0
(19)

At the end of , turnoff of the auxiliary switch

is therefore
lossless (ZCS). Following the interval , the gate drive to the
auxiliary switch may be turned-off.
: The main switch is switched-off
Interval 4
i.e., at the end of
. The turnoff of the main switch is
at
at zero voltage, on account of capacitor across the main switch.
The voltage across the switch raises slowly thereby reducing the
turnoff transition losses.
It is observed that turnon and turnoff transitions of main
switch and auxiliary switch are loss-less.
A. Salient Features of the Proposed Circuit
1) An auxiliary circuit consisting of an electronic switch such
as diode, MOSFET or IGBT, resonant inductor, a resonant
capacitor, and an auxiliary dependent source to enable ZCS
and ZVS transitions of the auxiliary and the main switch,
respectively.
2) The auxiliary dependent source is realized by a coupled
winding in the energy storage inductor of the dcdc converter.

LAKSHMINARASAMMA AND RAMANARAYANAN: FAMILY OF AUXILIARY SWITCH ZVS-PWM DCDC CONVERTERS

2013

Fig. 15. Auxiliary switch dcdc converters with coupled inductor: nonisolated and isolated converters, (a) boost converter with coupled inductor, (b) buckboost
converter with coupled inductor, (c) Cuk converter with coupled inductor, (d) Sepic converter with coupled inductor, (e) flyback converter with coupled inductor,
(f) forward converter with coupled inductor, and (g) halfbridge converter with coupled inductor.

3) The proposed circuit can be applied to all non-isolated and

isolated dcdc converters to achieve ZVS/ZCS transitions
of the main switch and the auxiliary switch.
4) The voltage and the current ratings of the main switch are
same as that of the hard switching converters.
B. Application to Other Circuits
This proposed method is applicable to all dcdc converters
(Buck, Boost, Buck-boost, Cuk, Sepic converters). The performance and the design equations is identical for all types of dcdc
converters when equations are written in terms of throw voltage
and pole current .
IV. DESIGN GUIDELINES
In this section, guidelines for the selection for the design of
the proposed converter are presented.
Selection of Boost converter components

The process of selecting boost conveter components

boost inductor , main switch , main diode , output
is the same as that for a conventional
capacitor
PWM boost converter.
In the proposed topology, the design and ratings of these
components are the same as that of the hard switched
boost converter.
and Resonant capacitor
Selection of resonant inductor
The rate of rise of current in the auxiliary circuit in the
increases
interval depends on . Larger value of
the length of the resonant interval . This inturn increases auxiliary circuit RMS current leading to conduction losses.
and
together decides the resonant in The value of
terval . The resonant interval should be as minimum as
possible. This inturn minimizes the conduction losses in

2014

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 22, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER 2007

the auxiliary switch; maximizes the effective duty cycle

as well. The length of the resonant interval is approxi. The
mately a quarter of the resonant period 2
selection of the values of
and
is based on

(20)

increases the peak of auxiliary

Larger values of
increases rise of
circuit current. Lower values of
is so selected
voltage across main switch. Value of
that voltage across the main switch does not exceed the
is based on (22)
specified limit. The selection of

(21)
is the on-state current, is the of-state voltage, is
the fall time of the main switch.
Selection of auxiliary switch , Diodes and
The device used for the auxiliary switch should be with
a lower output capacitance.
This minimizes the losses due to discharging of the parasitic junction capacitance of the switch.
The main criteria for the selection for the auxiliary
switch are the peak voltages and the current values, this
is given in the design example for a boost converter
topology.
are fast recovery diodes.
The diodes and
Gating signals of the auxiliary switch and the main switch
The gating signals to and
are as shown in Fig. 16
to ensure ZVS and ZCS transitions of the main and the
auxiliary switch, respectively.
The turnon of auxiliary switch is at zero current. The
minimum on time of the auxiliary switch is
. This ensures that the turnoff transition of the
is at zero current.
auxiliary switch
The minimum delay for the turnon of the main switch
is
. In several ZVS schemes, the delay
is a function of load and other operating conditions. In
the proposed circuit, since the capacitors are ground referenced or power supply referenced, it is possible to
programme the delay between the auxiliary switch and
the main switch dependent on the capacitor voltage to
sense the completion of the resonant process. The control scheme shown in Fig. 17 may be used to overcome
this problem. This serves the dual purpose of reducing
the switching loss close to zero and not getting the body
diode of the main switch to conduct.
A. Design Procedure and Example
A design procedure to select the components of the proposed
circuit is presented in this section. The procedure is based on
the guidelines that were presented in the previous section. Design procedure is shown for the auxiliary switch commutated
boost converter. The same has been simulated, fabricated and
tested. Simulated and experimental waveforms are shown in the

Fig. 16. Gating signals of the auxiliary switch and the main switch S .

Fig. 17. Derivation of the switch delay based on the capacitor voltage.

preceding sections. The converter is designed for the following

specifications:
33 W;
Output power
Output voltage
30 V;
1825 V;
Input voltage
400 kHz;
Switching frequency
Input current peak ripple 20%;
Output voltage ripple 1%.
The steps of the design procedure are as follows.
using the same procedure
1) Select components
as that used for a conventional hard switched boost conis taken
verter. The turns ratio of the coupled inductor
to be 1.
2) Design of Resonant capacitor

(22)
1.1 A,
55 n for the mosfet STD12NF06LT4,
30 V.
3) Design of Resonant inductor
%

(23)

In this example, is chosen as 22 H. The design is based

on (23).
4) Selection of the auxiliary switch and the auxiliary diode

LAKSHMINARASAMMA AND RAMANARAYANAN: FAMILY OF AUXILIARY SWITCH ZVS-PWM DCDC CONVERTERS

2015

Fig. 18. Simulated boost converter with coupled inductor.

TABLE I
UTILIZED COMPONENTS AND PARAMETERS
IN THE BOOST CONVERTER PROTOTYPE

Fig. 19. Simulated results of auxiliary switch boost converter with coupled inductor.

Fig. 20. 33 W, 400 kHz Boost converter prototype.

Selection of the switch and diode is based on the design

guidelines and the peak voltage/current stress.
Peak voltage stress on the auxiliary switch
42 V.
2
Peak current stress on the auxiliary switch
2 A.
Peak voltage and peak current stress on the auxiliary
18 V and
2
2 A.
diode is

V. STEADY STATE SIMULATED AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

The boost converter with coupled inductor prototype has been
implemented. The circuit diagram is shown in Fig. 18. The circuit parameters and specifications of the implemented auxiliary
switch PWM boost converter is summarized in Table. I. Simulated and experimental results of the 33 W, 400 kHz boost converter with auxiliary switch are presented in this section.
The 33 W 400 kHz boost converter with auxiliary switch is
simulated in sequel (circuit simulation software) and the results
of the same are presented in Fig. 19.
1) Fig. 19(a) and (b) shows the gate pulses driving the auxand the main switch. The main switch is
iliary switch

turned-on with a delay of 0.3 s after the auxiliary switch

is ON.
2) Fig. 19(c) and (d) shows the pole voltage and the resonant
inductor current waveforms. The passive switch is conducting and the pole voltage is at 30 V, i.e., . The turnon
of the auxiliary switch is at zero current. There is a linear
increase in the resonant inductor current. It is followed by
the resonant interval Fig. 12. It can be observed that, resonant interval is negligible as mentioned in the design guidelines. At the end of the resonant interval, the body diode of
the main switch is forward biased, a negative voltage on
linearly to zero.
the resonant inductor resets
The 33 W 400 kHz boost converter with auxiliary switch is
built and tested in the laboratory, shown in Fig. 20. Results of
the same are presented in Fig. 21.
1) Fig. 21(a) shows the gate pulses of frequency 400 kHz
and the main switch S.
driving the auxiliary switch
2) Fig. 21(b) shows the pole voltage and the resonant inductor
current waveforms. As seen in theoretical and simulated
results [Figs. 12 and 19], there is a linear resetting of the
resonant inductor current. In the experimental results, high
frequency oscillations are observed during the resetting interval. These are due to parasitics of the resonant inductor.
3) Fig. 21(c) indicates the ZVS turnon of the main switch. The
gate drive is turned-on after the drain-to-source voltage
of main switch has reached zero.
4) Fig. 21(d) indicates the Zero current switching transitions of the auxiliary switch . The auxiliary switch is

2016

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 22, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER 2007

Fig. 21. Experimental waveforms of boost converter with tapped-coupled inductor: (a) Ch1: 10 V/div Ch2: 10 V/div: V and V
of auxiliary switch S and
active switch S , (b) Ch1: 20 V/div Ch2: 1 Amp/div :pole voltage V and resonant inductor current i (t), (c) Ch2: 20 V/div Ch1: 5 V/div :V and V of active
and i (t) of auxiliary switch indicating ZCS.
switch S indicating ZVS turnon, (d) Ch1: 5 V/div Ch2: 1 A/div :V

TABLE II
STEADY STATE EFFICIENCY FOR THE HARD SWITCHED
AND PROPOSED SOFT SWITCHED BOOST CONVERTER

turned-on
setting of
at ZCS.

0 at zero current. After the linear reto zero, the auxiliary switch is turned-off

A. Steady State Efficiency Results

Steady state efficiency results of hard switched boost converter and boost converter with the proposed auxiliary switch
for input voltage variations are compared in Table. II. Efficiency
as high as 90% is obtained for the boost converter switching at
400 kHz. Efficiency results of the proposed converter against
load variations from 15% to 100% is shown in Table. III.

TABLE III
STEADY STATE EFFICIENCY FOR PROPOSED SOFT SWITCHED BOOST
CONVERTER AT NOMINAL INPUT VOLTAGE FOR DIFFERENT LOADS

VI. CONCLUSION
A novel auxiliary switch dcdc converter with coupled inductor is presented in this paper. The proposed circuit achieves
loss-less switching for both the main and auxiliary switches
without increasing the main device current/voltage rating. A
tapping in the pole inductor is added for the purpose of commutation. The novelty in the proposed circuit is the method of
generation of the auxiliary voltage needed to reset the ZVS circuit. The proposed circuit can be applied to all dcdc converters
(Buck, Boost, Buck-boost, Cuk, Sepic converters). The performance and the design equations are identical for all types of
dcdc converters when the equations are written in terms of
throw voltage and the pole current. The method of analysis is
outlined for a buck converter with coupled inductor. Simulation

LAKSHMINARASAMMA AND RAMANARAYANAN: FAMILY OF AUXILIARY SWITCH ZVS-PWM DCDC CONVERTERS

and experimental results are presented for a 33 W, 400 kHz boost

converter.

REFERENCES
[1] R. D. Middlebrook and S. Cuk, Advances in Switched-Mode Power
Conversion, 2nd ed. Irvine, CA: TESLOco, 1983, vol. I and II.
[2] V. Vorperian, Analysis of Resonant Converters, Ph.D. dissertation,
California Inst. Technol., Pasadena, 1984.
[3] T. Zheng, D. Y. Cheng, and F. C. Lee, Variation of quasi-resonant
dcdc converter topologies, in Proc. PESC, 1986, pp. 381392.
[4] S. Freeland and R. D. Middlebrook, A unified analysis of converters
with resonant switches, in Proc. PESC, 1987, pp. 2030.
[5] R. W. DeDoncker and J. P. Lyons, The auxiliary resonant commutated
pole converter, in Proc. IAS, 1990, pp. 12281235.
[6] G. Hua, C. S. Leu, and F. C. Lee, Novel zero voltage transition PWM
converter, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 213219,
Mar. 1994.
[7] C. Manoel, C. Duarte, and I. Barbi, A family of ZVS-PWM active
clamping dc-to-dc converters: Synthesis, analysis and experimentation, in Proc. INTELEC, 1995, pp. 502509.
[8] B. S. Nathan, Analysis, Design and Simulation of Series Resonant
Converter for High Voltage Applications, M.Sc. (Engg.) thesis, Indian
Instit. Sci., Bangalore, Dec. 1999.
[9] L. Freitas and P. Gomes, A high-power high frequency ZCSZVS-PWM buck converter using a feeback resonant circuit, in Proc.
IEEE PESC Conf., 1993, pp. 330336.
[10] K. M. Smith and K. M. smeley, A comparison of voltage mode soft
switching methods for PWM converters, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 376386, Mar. 1994.
[11] G. Moschopoulos, P. Jain, Y. Liu, and G. Joos, A novel zero-voltage
switched PWM boost conveter, in Proc. IEEE PESC Conf., 1995, pp.
694700.
[12] G. Moschopoulos, P. Jain, Y. Liu, and G. Joos, A zero-voltage
switched PWM boost conveter with an energy feedforward auxiliary
circuit, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 653662, Jul.
1999.
[13] Y. Zhang, P. C. Sen, and Y.-F. Liu, A novel zero voltage switched
(ZVS) buck converter using coupled inductor, in Proc. Can. Conf.
Elect. Comput. Eng., 2001, pp. 357362.
[14] Y. Xi and P. Jain, A forward converter topology employing a resonant auxiliary circuit to achieve soft switching and power transformer
resetting, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 132140, Feb.
2003.

2017

[15] G. Moschopoulos and P. Jain, Single-Stage ZVS PWM Full-bridge

converter, IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 39, no. 4, pp.
11221133, Oct. 2003.
[16] G. Moschopoulos and P. Jain, A zero voltage transition boost
converter employing a soft switching auxiliary circuit with reduced
conduction losses, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 1, pp.
130139, Jan. 2004.
[17] N. Lakshminarasamma, B. Swaminathan, and V. Ramanarayanan, A
unified model for ZVS dc to dc converters with active clamp, in Proc.
PESC, 2004, pp. 24412447.
[18] M. L. da Silva Martins and H. L. Hey, Self commutated auxiliary
circuit ZVT PWM converters, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 19,
no. 6, pp. 14391445, Nov. 2004.
[19] C. M. Wang, Novel zero-voltage-transition PWM dcdc converters,
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 254262, Feb. 2006.
[20] N. Lakshminarasamma and V. Ramanarayanan, A family of auxiliary switch commutated ZVS-PWM dcdc converters with coupled inductor, in Proc. IECON, Nov. 2006, pp. 20602065.
N. Lakshminarasamma received the B.E. degree in
electrical engineering and the M.E. degree in power
electronics from Bangalore University, Bangalore,
India, in 1994 and 1997, respectively, and is currently
pursuing the Ph.D. degree in the Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore, India.
She was a Lecturer in the B.M.S College of Engineering, Bangalore, as a Software Engineer with I2
technologies Private Limited. Her areas of interest are
power electronics and switched-mode power conversion.

V. Ramanarayanan received the B.E. degree from

the University of Madras, Madras, India, in 1970,
the M.E. degree from the Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore, in 1975, and the Ph.D. degree from the
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, in
1986.
He is a Professor of the Department of Electrical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.
He has held positions in industry as a Senior Design
Engineer and Chief of R&D with M/s Larsen and
Toubro, Ltd. and NGEF, Ltd. His areas of interest
are power electronics, industrial drives, switched-mode power conversion, and
power quality issues. He is a Consultant to several industries in related areas.