Flow measurements

in a

curved rectangular channel

H.J. de Vriend

Internal report no. 9-79

Laboratory of Fluid mechanics

Department of Civil Engineering

Delft University of Technology

Flow measurements ~n a curved rectangular channel

H.J. de Vriend

Internal report ~-79

Laboratory of Fluid Hechanics
Department of Civil Engineering
Delft University of Technology
Delft, The Netherlands
September 1979

Appendix A: Establishment of uniform rectilinear shear flow

in the first part of the flume
Appendix B: Elaboration of the measured data

Appendix A: Establishment of uniform rectilinear shear flow

in the first part of the flume
Appendix B: Elaboration of the measured data

LIST OF TABLES

Determination of the observation period

11 Measured velocity data

111 Measured water levels
LIST OE FIGURES
1.

Flume geometry

2.

Combined current-velocity/direction meter

3.

Configuration of the measuring grid

4.

Adaptation time for the water level measurements

5.

Vertical distribution of the main velocity (cross-sections)

6.

Vertical distrihtition of the main velocity .(longitdinal sect Lons.)

7.

Depth-averaged main velocity

a.

Vertical distribution of the horizontal secondary velocity

component (cross-sections)

9.

Vertical distribution of the horizontal secondary velocity

component (longitudinal sections)

10.

Secondary flow intensity (cross-sections)

11.

Secondary flow intensity (longitudinal sections)

12.

Transverse configuration of the water surface

13.

Longitudinal configuration of the water surface

14.

Transverse fall of the water surface

15.

Velocity at 0.4 h as an approximation of the depth-averaged velocity

16.

T~nsversedistribution

of the velocity at 0.4 h compared with the

results of the earlier measurements

- 9 -

3.5. Elaboration of the measured data

The data gathered from the experiment represent the voltages issued by
the current meter, after integration over the observation period. They
can easily be translated into velocities and flow angles through siraple
linear relations to be determined by calibration (see section 3.3). Eor
a good understanding of the phenomena and for the testing of the mathematical
model, however, the main and secondary flow are more convenient quantities.
Therefore the measured data were elaborated to main and secondary velocity
components, making use of the following definition (see also DE VRIEND,
1973c and 1979): the horizontal component of the main velocity is the
component of the total velocity in the direction of the depth-averaged
flow, i.e. the main flow takes place in vertical plane through the streamlines
of the depth-averaged flow field; the secondary flow is perpendicular to
these strearolines, i.e. it takes place in vertical plane through the
normal lines of the depth-averaged flow field.
For the elaboration a channel-fitted coordinate system ~s adapted,
consisting of two cartesian'systems (x,y,z) for the upstream and downstrearo
straight reaches and a cylindrical system (<jl,R,z)
for the bend. The x- and
<jl-axesare directed downstream along the channel axis and the y- and R-axes
are perpendicular to the channel axis and directed from the left to the
right wall. The z-axis is vertical in all systems. Yor convenience, the
elaboration is described for the cylindrical system only.
The elaboration proceeds as follows:
the output of the measuring system is translated into the magnitude
v

and the direction a(a=U in the direction of the channel axis) of

tot
the measured horizontal velocity vector,

this vector is decomposed into a tangential component v<jland a radial

component vR'
the depth-averaged values v<jland vR are determined,
the magnitude ~

tand the direction~ H~ of the depth-averaged velocitYt

to
i.e. the depth-averaged main velocity and the main flow direction, ~an

now be calculated,
the local horizontal velocity vector is decomposed into a main component
vm and a secondary component vs'
*) ~ is not equal to the depth-averaged value of a.

longitudinal coordinate in a cartesian system

transverse coordinate in a cartesian system

vertical coordinate (z=O at the mean bottom level)

bottom level
vertical coordinate of the k-th grid point from the
bottom

z
z

s
s

so

water surface elevation

cross-sectional mean value of z

water level in the channel axis in the last cross-section

of the measuring grid
flow angle (Cl = 0 in the direction of the channel axis)
direction of the depth-averaged velocity vector
(main flow direction)

Von Karman's constant

tangential coordinate in a cylindrical coordinate system

Sill1HARY

This report describes an extensive experiment on steady

turbulent flow in a rather sharply curved U-shaped
flume with a shallow rectangular cross-section, under
alroost the same conditions as earlier, less extensive
measurements in the same flume. The experiment was carried
out as a part of a research project aiming at a mathematical
model of the flow in shallow river bends. Extensive
measurements of the water level and the magnitude and
direction of the horizontal velocity vector in a threedimensional measuring grid are described and the results
are analysed in tenns of main and secondary flow.

CROSS-SECTION

20

VEIHICAL

IESTIMATEO

OEPTH Of fLOw U.181 14)

VERTICAL

VERTICAL

VERTICAL

VERTICAL

Vf~TICAL
6
Z
VTOT ALfA
(14) (14/5) (OEGI

VTOT ALfA
Z
__{_M)(14/5)WEG)
0.030 0.426 -6.3
0.1)450.464 -5.0
0.065 0.457 -3.8
0.085 0.442 -2.4
0.105 0.414 -1.1
0.125 0.392
0.5
0.145 0.379
2.6
0.165 0.340
5.7
0.180 0.312 10.4

1141
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180

ALfA
(14/5) (OEG)
0.444 -6.5
0.413 -5.2
0.472 -3.6
0.453 -2.3
0.429 -1.8
0.380 -0.3
0.363
1.2
0.32':1 4.3
0.291
8.1

VTOT ALfA
(14) (MIS) WEG)
0.U25 0.480 -6.5
0.U45 0.516 -4.'i
0.Ob5 0.515 -2.1
0.01:15
0.514 -o.e
0.105 0.503
0.3
0.1250.490
0.8
0.145 0.476
0.9
0.165 0.454
.O
0.180 0.405
4.l!

ALfA
Z
VTOT
ALfA
1141 (14/5) lOEG)
(14) (MIS) IOEGI
0.025 U.510 -7.2 0.025 0.532 -7.4
0.U45 0.541 -5.4 0.045 0.575 -5.3
0.065 0.549 -Z.6 0.065 0.579 -2.7
0.085 0.541 -0.1 0.085 0.57(' -0.1
0.105 0.533
0.6 0.105 0.561
0.1
0.125 0.524
1.1 0.125 0.551
1.1
0.145 0.514
1.0 0.145 0.544
1.5
0.165 0.489
2.0 0.165 0.519
2.4
0.180 0.461
4.5 0.180 0.491
4.2

VERTICAL 1
VTOT AlfA
(MI (14/5) IOEGI
0.025 0.582 .-5.2
0.045 0.626 -4.3
0.065 0.633 -1.2
0.085 0.630
0.1
0.105 0.627
0.4
0.125 0.617
0.9
0.145 0.609
1.9
0.165 0.592
1.6
0.180 0.566
4.3

VERTICAL t;
VTOT ALfA
(14) (11/5)WEG)
0.025 0.599 -2.4
0.045 0.641 -2.9
0.065 0.647
0.5
0.085 0.652
1.5
0.105 0.649
1.3
1.9
0.125 0.645
0.145 0.638
2.0
0.165 0.624
0.9
0.180 0.602
3.8

VEtHICAL 'i
Z
VTOT ALFA
(14) (It/S)
IOEGI
0.025 0.596 -0.2
0.045 0.639
U.2
0.Ub5 0.651
1.4
0.U1:I5
0.669
2.0
0.105 0.661
1.9
0.125 0.661
1.4
0.145 0.656
0.8
0.165 U.640
0.0
0.180 0.615
0.8

VElOICAL 10
VTOT ALFA
(14) (M/SI IOEGI
0.0~5 0.::,81-0.1
0.0'+50.6'+3 0.3
0.065 0.649
2.6
0.085 0.664
3.2
0.105 0.662
3.1
0.125 0.6b3
1.9
0.145 0.656
0.4
0.165 0.b38 -2.1
0.180 0.610 -2.4

VERTICAL 11
VlOT ALFA
(14)
(MIS) IOEG)
0.0~5 U.606 -0.4
0.045 0.631
1.1
0.065 0.656
2.3
0.085 0.665
2.9
0.105 0.671
3.0
0.125 0.663
2.2
0.145 0.661
O.b
0.165 0.639 -0.9
0.180 0.593 -1.9

CROSS-SECTION 21

(ESTIMATEO DEPTH OF fLOw 0.185 14)

VERTICAL 5
V~I!CAL
6
VIOI AlrA
l
.VTOT IALfA
IH)
IM/S) WEG)
(14)
IM/SI (OEGI
0.U2::'
10.::';U-0.0 U.UC:lIU.:l:lO-6.3
0.045 0.562 -5.1 0.045 0.571 -4.8
0.065 0.561 -6.0 0.065 0.589 -3.0
0.01:15
0.564 -1.1 0.085 0.588 -1.2
0.105 0.555 -0.2 0.105 0.578 -0.3
0.125 0.553
0.7 0.125 0.579
0.5
0.145 0.535
0.7 0.145 0.565
1.0
0.165 0.507
1.6 0.165 0.546
1.9
0.180 0.486
3.9 0.180 0.521
3.5

VTOT

VTOT

0.025 0.569
0.045 0.b07
0.065 0.608
0.085 0.603
0.105 0.595
0.125 0.585
0.145 0.518
0.165 0.560
0.180 0.529

-7.1
-4.9
-2.4
-0.6
0.5
1.0
1.4
1.8
4.6

.'

VERTICAL 1
VTOT ALFA
Z
(14) (14/5)WEG)
0.0~5 0.422 -5.1
0.045 0.449 -5.2
0.065 0.449 -4.4
0.085 0.449 -2.2
0.105 0.441 -0.8
0.125 0.441
0.4
0.145 0.414
1.7
0.165 0.381
3.1
0.180 0.342
6.4

VERTICAL 2
VTOT ALFA
(14) (1415) IO(6)
0.02::,
U.411 -10.-,
0.045 0.410 -5.4
0.065 0.472 -1l.2
0.085 0.453 -2.5
0.105 0.439 -1.2
0.125 0.417
0.'+
0.145 0.400
2.1
3.9.
0.165 0.369
0.180 0.339
7.4

VERTICAL 3
'ITOT ALFA
(14) IM/S) IOE61
U.O~~ IU."'Il -b.1
0.045 0.510 -5.2
0.065 0.511 -3.6
0.085 0.511 -l.
0.105 0.501 -0.1
0.125 O.4bO
0.1
0.145 0.,+54 O.b
o.rss 0.426 1.7
0.180 0.319
4.3

VERTICAL 4
VIOI ALFA
(14/51 10EG)
O.U~::'
IU.::'11
0.045 0.539 -5.2
0.065 0.539 -3.4
0.085 0.543 -1.3
0.105 0.533 -0.3
0.125 0.523
0.4
0.145 0.509
0.8
0.165 0.484
1.1
O.ldO 0.454
4.0

VERTICAL 1
VTOT ALFA
1141 114/51COEGI
0.025 0.574 -4.2
0.045 0.606 -8.4
0.065 0.611 -2.9
0.085 0.609 -1.2
0.105 0.600
0.0
0.125 0.608
0.4
0.145 0.591
1.8
0.165 0.578
2.2
0.180 0.559
3.0

VERTICAL A
vrOT ALFA
I~)
(MIS) WEG)
0.025 0.584 -1.7
0.045 0.618 -3.1
0.065 0.621 -1.1
0.085 0.627
0.1
0.105 0.622
0.1
0.125 0.630
0.9
0.145 0.621
1.4
0.165 0.611
2.1
0.180 0.587
1.4

VE~TICAL 9
IITOT ALFA
(14)
(MIS) WEG)
0.025 0.574 -0.4
0.0,+50.613
0.1
0.065 0.626
0.9
0.01150.632
1.3
0.105 0.645
1.1
0.125 0.645
1.1
0.145 0.614
1.4
0.165 0.h33
1.3
0.180 0.610
1.1

VEt'(TICAL
10
VTOT ALFA
(M) IM/S) IOEG)
0.025 0.559 -0.4
0.045 0.603
0.5
0.065 0.621
1.3
0.085 0.631
2.3
0.l05 0.632
2~3
0.125 0.641
1.5
0.145 0.611
0.7
0.165 0.628 -0.8
0.180 0.596 -1.9

(14)

-b."

Table 11 (continued)

VERTICAl 11
VTOT IALfA
OU IH/S) WEG)
O;{)5 0.578 -1.0
0.045 0.615 -4.3
0.065 0.630
1.0
0.085 0.634
2.2
0.105 0.639
2.3
0.125 0.643
1.9
0.145 0.640
0.9
0.165 0.624 -0.0
0.180 0.562 -1.1
Z

- 2 -

2. Experimental apparatus
2.1. !he flume
The outlines of the flume 1n.which the experiments were conducted
are given in figure 1. It concerns a 1.70 m wide fluroehaving a
U-shaped ground plan, with a horizontal bottom and vertical sidewalls.
The radius of curvature of the flume-axis in the bend is 4.25 mand

the

upstream and downstream straight reaches have an effective length (i.e.

the length available for measurements) of about 6 m.
The upstream straight reach is preceded by an inflow section consisting
of a stilling basin, a screen of vertical timber laths, alm

long

pack of corrugated plastic plates mounted in such a way that they form
a number of small streamwise tubes in which the larger eddies are
damped out, and a 3 m long reach with an artificially roughened bottom
(gravel of gradually decreasing size, fixed in a mortar bed) for the
transverse distribution of the flow. Small surface waves are damped by a
1.2 m long foam-plastic plate floating on the surface at the end of the
inflow section.
The downstream straight reach is followed by a 5 m long settling bas in to
be used during alluvial bed e~periments;. the bottom of this bas in lies
0.3 m below the channel bottom. The depth of flow in the flume can be
regulated by a tailgate immediately downstream of the settling basin.
The horizontal bottom of the floor has a concrete top layer and the sidewalls
are formed by plastered brick walis, except for the outer wall in the bende
The glass panels of which this outer wall consists are covered with thin
iron plates roughened by sticking fine-grained sand (grain size 0.006 m)
to them.
The flume has a 'half-open' water supply system, i.e. the water is pumped
at a constant flow rate from one of the reservoirs into the fluroe and is
discharged into this reservoir again after passing through the flume.
The flow ra te is measured by an ori f i.cenieter_~inthe supply-pipe.

2.2. Combined current-velocity/direction meter

The magnitude and the direction of the horizontal velocity vector were
measured using a combined current-velocityfdirection meter. This device,

- 3 -

developed by the Delft Hydraulics Laboratory (DHL, 1975) and shown

in figure 2, is a combination of a micropropeller (diameter 0.011 m)
for the determination of the magnitude of the velocity, and a bifurcated
vane (height 0.020 m; total length 0.050 m) to indicate the flow
direction.
The propeller and the vane are mounted in a vertically adjustable
frame consisting of a bow with two sensors between the branches of the
vane and a long vertical shaft. The distance between the centre of the
propeller and the lowest pint of the frame is about 0.025 mand

the

distance from the axis 0f the vertical shaft to the outermost point of
the bow is about 0.06 rn.
The vertical shaft passes through a housing, with a fixed vertical
position, that contains the electronics of the device and a small servomotor guided by the vane-sensors in such a way, that the orientation of
the frame is continuously adjusted to the instantaneous flow direction.
Thus the flow direction can be determined from the orientation of the
shaft.
For further details of this combined current-velocity/direction meter it
is referred to the technical description by the Delft Hydraulics Laboratory
(DHL, 1975).
The veloeities and flow directions measured by this device show fluctuations
with time due to turbulence. As the instrument has a certain response time,
however, the actual turbulent fluctuations are represented only in part.
Therefore the meter was used only for determining the time-rneanvalues of
the measured quantities. In practice this implied that the output signals
of the meter were averaged over a set period (see section 3.2)"by an
electronic integrator; the resulting potentials were translated into
velocities and flow directions through aalibration factors (see section 3.5)
2.3. Water level measurements
The level of the water surface was measured using a single static tube
mounted on a bar across the flume in such a way that it could easily be
displaced from vertical to vertical and from cross-section to cross-section
without pulling the tube out of the water. The water level was transferred
from the tube to a measuring glass outside the flume through a plastic
hose. The water level in the measuring glass, which was mounted on the
inner sidewall of the flume, was measured using a point gauge.

A.3

As becomes evident from figure A.I, the effects of the artificial

bottom roughness and the velocity reduction at the surface have
vanished for the greater part after 25 times the depth of flow.
Although the above computations give only an impression of the decay
of the inflow disturbances, it can be concluded from the results that
these disturbances have practically evened out before the flow
reaches the bend.

- 5 -

quite suited for measuring these mean values, but its own
inertia makes it an unreliable tool for gathering information
on the turbulent fluctuations. Therefore the present experiments
concern turbulence-averaged quantities only.
The turbulence-averaged velocities and flow directions are obtained
by averaging the instantaneous signals from the current meter over a
certain period, the duration of which has to be determined from
preliminary rneasurements. In the present ca~e, the following procedure
was chosen: a long series (90) of velocity and flow direction samples
with an averaging period of 10 s is taken in a fixed point in the bend;
smaller series of samples with an averaging period of 20, 30, 60
and 100 s are generated by combining subsequent 10 s observations;
of each of the series of samples the mean value and the standard
deviation are determined. The results of this preliminary investigation are
shown in table I. As was to be expected, the standard deviation of the
turbulence-averaged velocities and flow directions decreases as the
averaging period grows longer. Even for a period as short as 10 s the
standard deviation in the turbulence-averaged velocity is less than 1%,
which is acceptable for the present purpose. The standard deviation in the
average readings of the flow angle should not be compared with the mean
value 7663, but rather with the reading that corresponds with the maximum
flow angle to be expected. Adopting a commonly used expression for the
secondary flow (ROZOVSKII, 1961; DE VRIEND, 1976), this angle can be
approximated by
d

tan ~
::::
6 max
R

, in which d and R

denote a characteristic depth of flow and the

radius of curvature of the channel axis, respectively.

For the present experiments this means that qmax = ISo which corresponds
with about 500 units in table 1. Then the standard deviation in the
average flow angle is about 1% of

if the averaging period is 30s.

max
Therefore the observation period for the velocity and the flow direction
measurements was taken 30 s.

a,.

Another period to be determined by preliminary tests is the

adaptation time of the water level gauging system after displacing
the static tube from one vertical to another. The following procedure
was chosen for determining this adaptation time: the static tube

1.S

placed in an arbitrary point of the flow and after about an hour of

-adaptation,

water is removed from the measuring glass until the

water level has been lowered by about 0.02 m, which is much more than
expected water level differences between two adjacent verticals;
subsequently, the water level in the glass is measured every 15s (later
on every 30 s) until now it has reached its original position. The results
of this test, represented in figure 4, show an adaptation time of 5
minutes to be sufficient.
3.3. Calibration of the current meter
The relation between the reading of the velocity meter and the measured
v~locity, which is almost linear in the domain of interest, was known
from earlier calibrations. As a check, the meter was recalibrated in a
towing tank .at the Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics. The differences between
the two calibration curves turned out to be negligible. The relation between
the reading of the direction meter and the measured flow angle was not
r ,

given. Besides, it was known from earlier experiments that the vertical
transport system of the current meter may give rise to important systematic
errors in the measured flow angles (DE VRIEND AND KOCH, 1977; DE VRIEND, 1978a)
especially if the vertical shaft is moved by hand. Therefore the direction
meter waa calibrated every day and a series of preliminary measurements
was carried out to determine the backlash in the vertical transport system.
For the dayly calibration the tailgate was raised and the flume was filled
with water. Af ter the filling a very low discharge (a few liters per second)
was maintained in order to compensate the leaking along the tailgate.
Under these conditions the current meter, which was mounted on a carriage
(see figure 5) was towed along the straight .inflow reach of the flume,
several times in upstream direction and several times in downstream direction.
The mean reading of the tipstream towing was taken as the zero reference
reading for that day and the difference between the mean readings of the

- 7 -

upstream and the downstream towings was assumed to correspond

with a rotation of 1800 As became evident from these dayly calibrations,
the zero reference angle showed considerable variations from day to day
(a few degrees), but the scalefactor for the reading varied only a
few percents.
The preliminary measurements were made both in a fixed point of the
actual flow and when towing upstream under the same conditions as
the dayly calibration. In either case the meter was given an arbitrary
initial rotation and after some adaptation time needed for the vane
to return to its equilibrium position, the flow angle was measured.
This was done several times

for .posi t i.veand for negative initial

rotations.and the difference between the mean "positive" and "negative"

readings (about 30 in either case) was taken as a measure for the backlash
in the vertical transportation system.
3.4. Measuring procedure
In order to facilitate the positioning of the current meter, it was placed
on the carriage shown in figure 5, providing the possibility of automatical
displacement from cross-section to cross-section and from vertical to
vertical. The displacement in a vertical, however, was not automatized:
the vertical shaft was moved by an electromotor (thus avoiding the effect
of the backLash in the vertical transport system; see section 3.3), which
had to be operated by hand. As this vertical positioning could only be done
accurately close to the sidewalls, taking the measurements vertical by
vertical would not have been quite efficient here. Therefore the measurements
were taken level by level, i.e. the current meter was set in a vertical
position and the velocities and flow directions were measured at this level
in all verticals of the relevent cross-section before proceeding to the
next vertical position.
As the measured data are e'laboratedvertical by vertical (see section

),

this 'level by level' procedure is more vulne~able than the 'vertical by

vertical' one, but the measurements in one cross-section took only about
half a day, so that this was no real drawback. For each measuring point,
the output signals from the current meter, representing the magnitude and
the direction of the measured velocity vector, was integrated over the
observation period of 30 s by a pulse counter and an electronic integrator,
respectively, and the resulting data were stored on paper tape in order to be

- 8 -

elaborated

in due time. Although

the facility

of measuring

simultaneously,
one signal
velocity
periods

magnitude

this additional

and direction

instrumentation

at a time. Therefore

itself provides
of the velocity

could deal with only

the direction

in a grid point were measured

and the magnitude

separately

during

of the

two subsequent

of 30 s.

The accuracy

of the depth of flow is not quite

of the elaborated
water

the current meter

velocity

level measurements

i.e. when

data

are needed

taking velocity

indication

(DE VRIEND,

important

1978a), so that no accurate

Ln relation

measurements

to the velocity

in a cross-section

of the depth of flow there is sufficient.

of flow in such a cross-section

was measured

The water

level measurements

configuration,
independently
in water

which

subsequent

from one vertical

or, af ter a cross-section

cross-section.

of about 5 minutes
The water

in a rather
subsequent

may have been stopped

several

of interest

out cross-section
Between

surface.

configuration

was obtained

from an additional

near the outer wall.

of measurements
systematic

are shown in figures

discrepancy

any difference

Information

profiles

level

that the measurements

on the transverse

on the longitudinal
series of water

obtained

13 and 14. Although

in the second half of the bend,

level measurements

in the axis and

from either

series

there is a slight
there is hardly

in the spread of the data, i.e. the water

was well-reproducible.

in two

and the experiment

viz. near the inner wall,

The longitudinal

time

by cross-section,

times. As the water

information

of the water

sections,

in an

the measurements

this implies

configuration

in three longitudinal

tube was

the point gauge.

several

only reliable

out

the difference

to the same vertical

reading

are very small,

taken in this way provide

to reduce

days may have passed

and restarted

were carried

one in the same cross-section,

order of succession.

cross-sections

to

surface

the tube, an adaptation

were carried

using

the depth

of the water

the static

had been finished,

was taken before

arbitrary

differences

verticals,

Af ter positioning

the depht

data.

accuracy,

In order

to the adjacent

level measurements

to yield

for the determination

of the flow measurements.

a global

Therefore

velocity

should have a much higher

level between

displaced

adjacent

of the measured

data,

near the two sidewalls

a thin flat ruler and the two values were averaged

.be used in the elaboration

for the accuracy

surface

configuration

- 9 -

3.5. Elaboration of the measured data

The data gathered from the experiment represent the voltages issued by
the current meter, after integration over the observation period. They
can easily be translated into velocities and flow angles through siraple
linear relations to be determined by calibration (see section 3.3). Eor
a good understanding of the phenomena and for the testing of the mathematical
model, however, the main and secondary flow are more convenient quantities.
Therefore the measured data were elaborated to main and secondary velocity
components, making use of the following definition (see also DE VRIEND,
1973c and 1979): the horizontal component of the main velocity is the
component of the total velocity in the direction of the depth-averaged
flow, i.e. the main flow takes place in vertical plane through the streamlines
of the depth-averaged flow field; the secondary flow is perpendicular to
these strearolines, i.e. it takes place in vertical plane through the
normal lines of the depth-averaged flow field.
For the elaboration a channel-fitted coordinate system ~s adapted,
consisting of two cartesian'systems (x,y,z) for the upstream and downstrearo
straight reaches and a cylindrical system (<jl,R,z)
for the bend. The x- and
<jl-axesare directed downstream along the channel axis and the y- and R-axes
are perpendicular to the channel axis and directed from the left to the
right wall. The z-axis is vertical in all systems. Yor convenience, the
elaboration is described for the cylindrical system only.
The elaboration proceeds as follows:
the output of the measuring system is translated into the magnitude
v

and the direction a(a=U in the direction of the channel axis) of

tot
the measured horizontal velocity vector,

this vector is decomposed into a tangential component v<jland a radial

component vR'
the depth-averaged values v<jland vR are determined,
the magnitude ~

tand the direction~ H~ of the depth-averaged velocitYt

to
i.e. the depth-averaged main velocity and the main flow direction, ~an

now be calculated,
the local horizontal velocity vector is decomposed into a main component
vm and a secondary component vs'
*) ~ is not equal to the depth-averaged value of a.

- 10 -

the intensity
.

of the secondary

flow i , defines as 0.5 times the

s

depth-averaged value of Ivsl~ can now be determined.

A more extensive description of this elaboration procedure ~s given
in Appendix B.
Although thiselaboration procedure and the ones used for earlier experiments
in the present project are much alike (DE VRIEND AND KOCH, 1977 and 1973),
there are a few important differences. The earlier experiments were carried
out in a large flume of mild
curvature ratio d/R

curvature (depth to width ratio d/B

0.042,

0.005), in which the vertical distributions of the

main and the secondary velocity were fairly self-similar in almost the entire
flume. This provided the possibility to determine the depth-averaged
qnantities ~ to t' and i s by fitting theoretical velocity curves to the
measured data. The values obtained in this way were considerably more
accurate than those found by simple numerical integration over the depth
of flow.
The bend in the present flume is much sharper (d/B

0.12, d/R

0.047)

and the main and especially the secondary velocity profiles are much less
self-similar. Consequently, the curve-fitting procedure yields unreliable
results and a numerical integration procedure has to be applied. The main
source of the errors in this procedure li~s in the approximation of the
velocity distributions below the lowest measuring point (DE VRIEND, 1978a).
In order to reduce these errors, the velocity components are assumed to
have their theoretical form~~between

the bottom and the lowest point (cf.

the wall function technique applied in many numerical flow models; LAUNDER
~D

;K)

SPALDING, 1974; DE VRIEND, 1979).

In terms of the :st.re.am.

function of the secondary flow (see DE VRIEND, 1979),
this means that i

corresponds with the maximum of the stream function in

s
the vertical considered.
**) In the present case the main veloCity profile ~s assurued tG be
logarithI:li:c
"near the bottom and the secondary velocity profile is assumed
t.obe gi:ven by the expression derived by DE VRIEND (1976).

- II -

4. Results and discussion

A complete survey of the measured data is given ~n tables 11
(veloeities and flow directions) and 111 (water surface levels). In
the following paragraphs these results will be discussed in terms of
main and secondary flow.
4.1. Vertical distribution of Ilhemain velocity
The measured vertical distributionsof:the

main velocity are shown in

figure 5 (for various cross-sections) and in figure 6 (for various

longitudinal sections). Obviously, the main velocity distribution is not
as fairly self-similar as in flumes of mild curvature (DE VRIEND AND KOCH,
1977; cf. also YEN, 1965), but still there are some systematic features.
First there is the deformation of the main velocity profile in and beyond
the bend. Af ter entering the bend, the -veloerty"maximum shifts downwards.
rather strongly near the inner wall, less strongly, but still considerably,
further outwards in the bend. This dformation persists in the first few
meters beyond the bend and then gradually decays, the first near the "outer"
wall. These observations are consistent with many other experiroents on
curved channel flow (see, for instanee, SHUKRY (1949), YEN (1965), FOX
AND BALL (1968), FRANCIS AND ASFARI (1971), l1ECKEL (1977)). As was
indicated briefly by RUZOVSKII (1961) and shown more extensively by DE VRIEND
(197Bb), this phenomenon can be explained at least qualitatively from the
transverse riedistribution of main flow momentum caused by the secondary flow.
On the other hand, the velocity maximum in the upstream straight reach does
not occur at the water surface, either: especially near the sidewalls the
velocitiy at the surface is considerably smaller than somewhat lower in the
vertical (see figure 5). This is also ancoften observed phenomenon (CHOW, 1959),
which is mostly attributed to the secondary flow caused by the transverse
anisotropy of tutlbulence in non-circular channel flow (ROUSE, 1961;
GESSNER AND JONES, 1965; GERARD, 1974). Accordingly, the velocity reduction
at the surface in the central part of a straight rectangular channel should
become smaller as the channel becomes shallower (see also: TRACY, 1965).
This is in conflict, however, with observations in a very shallow
channel (DE VRIEND AND KOCH,

1977), where velocity reductions at

the surface were found troughout the flume. So far, no satisfactory

explanation of this contradiction could be given.

- 12 -

4.2. Depth-averaged main velocity

The depth-averaged main velocity distribution (see figure 7) shows,
1n a rathr pronounced way, the typical features of curved channel
flow (see a1so ROZOVSKII (1961) and YEN (1965.

In the first part of

the bend the velocity maximum shifts from the centre towards the inner wall,
main1y as a consequence of the redistribution of the pressure. Af ter about
450 the influence of the secondary flow becomes perceptible (DE VRIEND,
1978c and 1979): alocal

velocity reduction develops near the inner wall

and gradually extends further outwards. Consequently, the transverse

distribution of the main velocity becomes more and more skewed outwards
in the second part of the bend.
It should be noted that near the outer wall alocal

velocity reduction

occurs, as well. This reduction, caused by the reverse secondary

circulation in the outer bend (see section 4.3), hardly extends further
inwards.
The pressure redistribution near the bend exit leads to further decelerations
in the inner bend and accelerations in the outer bends, yielding a rather
strongly skewed velocity distribution in the downstream straight reach,
with the maximum near the "outer" wall.
The skewness of this distribution is hardly evened out 1n the first 6 m
beyond the bend, partly as a consequence of the outward skewihg tendency
due to the remainder of the secondary flow (see section 4.3), partly
because this skewness is evened out mainly by the bottom resistance, 1.e.
at a length scale of C2/g times the depth of flow (DE VRIEND, 1976)*.
Finally it should be noted that the influence of the friction at the
sidewalls, if perceptible at all, is very small in all points of the measuring
grid, even in the ones closest to the walls.
4.3. Vertical distribution of the secondary flow
The vertical distribution of the horizontal component of the secondary flow
is given in figure 8 (for various cross-sections in and beyond the bend) and
~ (for various longitudinal sections).
*)In rectilinear shallow channel flow the decay of the skewness of the depth-averaged
velocity can be describe~ by the vorticity transport equation
v

dW = _

as

za, w~
C2h

(w = aVm).

an

13 -

ne af the mast striking features of the secondary flow field is the

rather persistent reverse circulation near the water surface in the
outer bend. This phenomenon was also observed during other experiments
(YEN, (1965-),GTZ (1975), RAO (1975), CHOUDHARY AND NARASIMHAN (1977),
DE VRIEND AND KOCH (1977

and it has been shawn bath experimentally and

numerically to exist in laminar flow as well (CHENG, LIN AND OU (1976),

DE VRIEND (197~b.

The explanation for it is essentially the same as

the one given by DE VRIEND (1978b) for fully developed laminar flow in
ft

curved rectangular channels ).

Although the influence of the deformation of the main velocity profile is
perceptible. in the vertical distributions of the horizontal secondary
velocity component, the secondary velocity profiles away from the outer
wall are more self-siillilarthan the main velocity profiles. In the downstream
straight reach the point of zero secondary velocity shifts upwards, which
~s likely to be caused by a difference in rate of decay between the ~e~?cities
in .the lower anl1l.the uppae par.tof che vertical.
4.4. Secondary flow intensity
The transverse and the longitudinaldistributions of the secondary flow
intensity are given in figures 10 and 11, respectively.
The influence of the transverse redistribution of the main velocity
(cf. section 4.2 and figure 7) is identifiable ~n the inner half of the
bend and the first few meters beyond it (see figure 10). Irithe outer half
of the bend and the downstream straight reaeh, however, the picture is
disturbed by the reverse secondary circulation, the influence of which on
the secondary flow intensity extends almost to the channel axis.
The longitudinal distribution of i

shows that nowhere in the bend the

s
fully developed curved flow stage is reached. In the first part of the

bend, up to about 75, the intensity of the secondary flow increases

rather sharply and then it starts decaying gradually, without a sharp
discontinuity in the rate of decay at the bend exit.
The decay in the second part of the bend must be attributed mainly to the
flattening of tihemain velocity profile: if the main velocity at the surface
decreases, the principal souree term in the equation for the secondary flow

ft)

As this explanation is rather extensive, reference is made to

the original report.

- 14 -

intensity, viz. the term arising from the centripe~al acceleration,

decreases and hence the secondary flow intensity itself (DE VRIEND,
1979) .
The gradual decay beyond the bend is in contrast with most of the
present mathematical modeis, in which the secondary flow has no streamwise
inertia

at all (i.e. it is determined by the local flow conditions; see

DE VRIEND, 1976 an~ many others), or a much smaller inertia than

corresponds with the present data (DE VRIEND, 1979). In either case the
growth and the decay of the secondary flow are much faster than observed
here. The same discrepancy between measured and pre~icted secondary flow
intensity was encountered hy DE VRIEND (1979) when simulating an experiment
reported by YEN (1965).
As a consequence of the streamwise inertia, the secondary flow intensity does
not reach its "equ_ilihrium" value in the bend. A strongly simplified
prediction method for the secondary flow, neglecting the streamwise
inertia and the main velocity reduction at the surface, yields for a
logarithmic main velocity profile and C

is '" 1.67

60 mils (DE VRIEND, 1976 and 1977)

v h
m

a-

(4.1)

, 1 IRs denoting the local curvature of the main flow. This means that for

the present experiments the predicted value of i

is about 0.05 mis,

s
whereas the observed values nowhere exceed 0.04 mis and are mostly
smaller than 0.03 mis.
4.5. Water surface configuration
The configuration of the water surface, represented in figures 12 through
14, shows the familiar transverse slope due to the centrifugal force acting
on the water mass. This slope starts to develop just before the bend entrance,
remains almost constant in the bend and vanishes within a short distance
about the bend exit. The magnitude of the transverse faU

(about 0.014 m)

agrees weil with the theoretical value (see for instance, YEN AND YEN
(1971), DE VRIEND (1976
-2
outer v
f
~ dR '"0.013 m
gR

zs :

outer

- zs .
~nner

R.
~nner

(4.2)

- 15 -

The shape of the transverse configuration of the water surf ace

(figure 12) reflects the redistribution of the main velocity along
the bend: in the first part, where the velocity maximum lies close to
the inner wall (see figure 7), the surface has a somewhat concAve
shape and in the last part, where the main velocity distribution is
almost uniform, the surface follows. almost a straight line. This effect
is also illustrated by figure 14: in the first part of the bend the
water level in the axis lies the closest to the level at the outer wall,
whereas in the last part it lies almost halfway the levels at the inner
and the outer wall.
Though the longitudinal water surface configuration is influenced by
backwater effects (figure 13), it looks as though there is an extra
fall over the bende If so, it must be attributed to an increase of
the bed shear stress in the bend as a consequence of the vertical deformation of the main velocity distribution (see section 4.1).
4.6.

Comparison with earlier measurments under the same conditions

As was stated in the introduction (section 1.1), the present experiment

is an extensive repetition of an earlier one, carried out in the same
I

flume and under almost the same conditions. Only the roughness of the
outer sidewall in the bend is different: at present this waU,

consisting

'of very smooth glass+pane Ls , has been made about as rough as 'the bottom
(see section 2.1).
The measuring p~ogramme of the original experiment was limited to water
level.measurements and tot~l velocity measurements at the level z

0.4 h.

As was mentioned before, the results of the water level measurements

deviated considerably from the theory and from the results of similar
experiments (see section 1.1 and also DE VRIEND, 1979). The present water
level data, however, agree weU

with theltheory and with experimental

results obtained by others (see section 4.5). In the following it will be

shown that the flow is hardly influenced by the sidewall roughness, so that
the old water level data are likely to be erroneous.
The velocity measurements were restricted to the level z

0.4 h, starting

from the assumption that, on the analogy of unifmrm straight channel flow
(CHOW, 1959), the velocity at this level is almost equal to the depth-

- 16 -

averaged velocity. Regarding the deformation of the main velocity

verticals in and beyond the bend, however, this assumption seems
to be rather crude here. Therefore it will be verified using the present
main velocity data (the contribution of the secondary velocity component
to the total horizontal velocity is neglected).
Figure 15a shows that, especially near the inner wall, the velocity at
0.4 h differs considerably (up to 15%) from the depth-averaged velocity and
that the differences gradually increase as the flow proceeds through the
bend. So the magnitude of the local depth-averaged velocity is approximated
not too weil by the velocity at 0.4 h. When considering the transverse
distribution of the velocity, however, the results are far better, as
becomes evident from figure 15b. Apart from a rather small region near
the inner wall, the transverse distribution of the velocity at 0.4 h
agrees with the depth-averaged velocity distribution: though the differences
are systematic, they are mostly smaller than a few per cents and the
typical features of the horizontal redistribution of the velocity are
quite weil represented.
Finally, the influence. of the smooth outer wall during the old experiment
will be investigated by comparing the transverse distributions of the
old and the present velocity at 0.4 h. According to figure 16, the
differences are quite small and there is certainly no tendency of the
old velocity near the outer wall in the bend to be systematically higher
than the present velocity. Hence it is concluded that the smooth outer wall
in the old experiment has hardly influenced the flow.

- 17 -

5. Conclusions
The conclusions to be drawn from the experiments and the analysis of
the results can be summarized as follows:
displacing the current meter in a vertical may give rise to
unacceptable errors in the zero reference angle if this is done
by hand;
the rather sharp spatial variations of the veloeities in the present
flume neccesitate a rather fine measuring grid;
the water levels are so well-reproducible,

that the transverse and

the longitudinal configurations of the water surface cn be derived

from the same series of water level measurements;
the vertical distribution of the main velocity shows considerable
deformations, both in transverse and in longitudianl direction; hence
a similarity hypothesis for the main flow (cf. DE VRIEND, 1979)
seems not quite appropriate here;
in all verticals the main velmcity distribution shows the typical
features of curved channel flow: it is skewed inwards in the first part
of the bend, then the velocity maximum gradually shifts ~utwards, starting
from the inner wall, and near the bend exit the distribution becomes
rather strongly skewed outwards; this skewness damps out very slowly;
even in the wall-nearest verticals the influence of the friction at the
sidewalls is hardly perceptible in the distribution of the depth-averaged
main velocity;
in the bend and in the downstream straight reach the expected clockwise
secondary circulation is found in the greater part of the cross-section;
near the outer wall, however, areverse

secondary circulation occurs

close to the surface;

the vertical distribution of the horizontal secondary velocity~.component
away from the outer wall is more slf-similar than the vertical
distribution of the main velocity;
the reverse secondary circulation near the outer wall has a.considerable
influence on the secondary flow intensity in the outer half of the bend;
the streamwise inertia of the secondary flow is much larger than expected
on the basis of simplified mathematical modeis;

- 18 -

the secondary flow intensity does not reach its equilibrium

va1ue in the present bend; its maximum occurs at about 750 and
in the second part of the bend it gradua11y decays;
in contrast with the configuration measured during earlier experiments
in the same f1ume and under a1most the same conditions, the measured
water surface configuration agrees we11 with the theoretica1 predictions;
the velocity at the level z

0.4 h gives a rather poor indication

of the magnitude of the 10ca1 depth-averaged velocity; the transverse

distribution of this velocity, however, agrees we11 with the transverse
distribution of the depth-averaged velocity in the greater part of the
cross-section;
during the earlier experiments under the same conditions the smooth
surface of the outer wa11 has hard1y inf1uenced the flow.
Acknow1edgements
The author wishes to thank Messrs D.C. Pest and A.M. den Toom, both
of the Laboratory of F1uid Mechanics, for the way they have carried out
the measurements.
Referenees
1. CHENG, K.C., LIN, R.-C. AND OU, J.-W. (1976), Fully deve Loped laminar
flow in curved rectangu1ar channels, Trans. ASME, Jnl. of F1uids Engng.,
98, series I, no . 1, p , 41.
2.

CHUUDHARY, U.K. AND NARASHIMHAN, S. (1977), Flow in 1800 open channe1

rigid boundary bends, Proc. ASCE, Jn1. Hydr. Div., 1.03,no. HY6, p. 651.

3.

CRUW, V.~T. (1959), Open channe1

hydrau1ics, McGraw-Hi11, New York.

4.

DHL (1975), Combined current-ve10city/direction

meter, Delft Hydrau1ics

Laboratory, Technica1 description, March 1975.

5.

FO~, J.A. AND BALL, D.J. (1968), The ana1ysis of secondary flow in
bends in open channe1s, Proc. Inst. Civi1 Engrs, London, 39, p. 467.

- 19 -

6.

FRAl~CIS, J.R.D. AND ASFARI, A.F. (1971), Velocity distributions

in wide, curved open channel flow, Jnl. Hydr. Research, ~, no. 1,
p. 73.

7.

GESSNER, F.B. AND JONES, J.B. (1965), On some aspects of fullydeveloped turbulent flow in rectangular channels, J. Fluid Mech.,
23, part 4, p. 689.

8.

GOTZ, W. (1975), Sekundrstrmungen in aufeinander folgenden

Gerinnekrmmungen, Universitt Fredericiana Karlsruhe, Mitt. TheodorRehbock-Flussbaulaboratorium,

9.

Heft 163.

LAUNDER, B.E. AND SPALDING, D.B. (1974), The numerical calculation

of turbulent flows, Computer Methods in Applied Hechanics and
Engineering,

1,

p. 269.

10. MECKEL, H. (1977), Transport des sediments et topographie du lit

sedimentaire d au courant spiral dans les courbes consecutives
d'un canal, Proc. 17th Congress of the IAHR, Baden-Baden, August 1977,
paper A33.
11.

RAO, K.V. (1975), Secondary flow in a curved channel as revealed by

a laser Doppier anemometer, Proc. LDA-Symposium, Copenhagen, p. 710.

12. ROUSE, H. (1961), Fluid Mechanics for hydraulic engineers, McGraw-Hill,

New York.
13. ROZOVSKII, I.L. (1961), Flow of water in bends of open channels,
Israel Program for Scientific Translation, Jerusalem (original publication
in Russian: 1957)
14.

SHUKRY, A. (1949), Flow around bends in an open flume, Proc. ASCE,

~, p , 713 (also: Trans. ASCE , .!.!2_, 1950, p , 751).

15.

TRACY, H.J. (1965), Turbulent flow in a three-dimensional channel,

Proc. ASCE, Jnl. Hydr. Div.,

2l,

no. HY6, p. 9.

16. VANONI, V.A. (1946), Transportation of suspended sediments by water,

Trans. ASCE, ~,

p. 67.

- 20 -

17. VRIEND, H.J. DE (1976), A mathematical model of steady flow in

curved shallow channels, Delft Univ:. of Techn., Dept. of Civil Engng.,
Communications on Hydraulics, Report 76-1.
I~. VRIEND, H.J. DE (1977), A mathematical model of steady flow in
curved shallow channels, Jnl. Hydr. Res.,

21,

no. I, p. 37.

19. VRIEND, H.J. DE (1978a), Accuracy of measurements in a curved open

channel, Delft Hydraulics Laboratory/Delft University of Technology,
TOW-report R657-VII/MI415-III.
20.

VRIEND, H.J. DE (1978b), Fully developed laminar flow in curved ducts,

Delft Univ. of Techn., Dept. of Civil Engng., Laboratory of Fluid
l1eehanics, Internal report 2-78.

21.

VRIEND, H.J. DE (1978c), Developing laminar flow in curved rectangular

channels, Delft Univ. of Techn., Dept. of Civil Engng., Laboratory of
Fluid Meahanics, Internal report 6-78.

22.

VRIEND, H.J. DE (1979), Steady turbulent flow in curved rectangular

channels, Delft Univ. of Techn., Dept. of Civil Engng., Laboratory of
Fluid l1echanics, Internal report 5-79.

23~

VRIEND, H.J. DE AND KOCH, F.G. (1977), Flow of water in a curved open
channel with a fixed plane bed, Delft Hydraulics Laboratory/Delft
University of echnology, TOW-report R657-V/MI415-I.

24.

VRIEND, H.J. DE ANU KOCH, F.G. (1978), Flow of water in a curved

open channel with a fixed uneven:bed, Delft Hydraulics Laboratory/
Delft University of Technology, TOW-report R657-VI/MI415-II.

25.

YEN, B.C. (1965), Characteristics of subcritical flow in a meandering channel,

Report of the Institute of Hydraulic Research, University of Iowa.

26.

YEN, B.C. and YEN, C.L. (1971),Water surface configuration in channel

bends, Proc. ASCE, Jnl. Hydr. Div.,

2l,

no. HY2, p. 303.

Tables

Velocity

Flow angle

Period

Number of

(s)

samples

Mean

,~L -dey.

Mean

St ....
rdev ,

la

90

6393

60

7663

:.1 1

20

45

6393

41

7664

30

30

6393

37

7664

60

15

6393

.,25

7663

100

6393

.20

7663

Table I.

(measuring units)

Determination of the observation period

(all data reduced to the

la

s-period)

(measuring units)

CROSS-SECTION

03

(ESTIMATEO

OEPTH Of fLOW 0.210 MI

V RTl CA
1
VTOT ALfA
(H)
(HlS)
WEG)
0.025 0.463 -2.1
0.045 0.485 -2.9
0.065 0.499 -4.1
0.085 0.525 -3.5
0.105 0.534. -3.5
0.125 0.54b -3.2
0.145 0.553 -3.3
0.165 0.542 -2.9
0.185 0.525 -1.3_

V,
Z
(M)
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

VERTICAL
1
VTOT ALfA
(14)
(MIS)
WEGI
0.025 0.452 -3.8
0.045 0.487 -4.1
0.065 0.518 -3.7
0.085 0.527 -3.6
0.105 0.559 -3.3
0.125 0.576 -3.0
0.145 0.590 -3.0
0.165 0.600 -2.9
0.185 0.558 -2.3

8
VERTlCA'
VTOT ALfA
Z
(MI
(04/S)
IOEGI
0.025 0.425 -2.6
0.045 0.452 -3.2
0.Ob5 0.466 -3.1"
0.085 0.488 -3.1
0.105 0.511 -3.0
0.125 0.527 -3.1
0.145 0.539 -2.9
0.165 0.542 -2.8
0.185 0.514 -1.7

CROSS-SECTION

(ESTIHATEO

05

RT ICAI
2
VTOT ALfA
(104/5)
IOEG)
0.431 -2.8
0.446 -2.9
0.473 -3.1
0.491 -2.9
0.522 -2.5
0.531 -2.4
0.568 -2.5
0.555 -2.1
0.'539 -1.1

11 RTl CAI
4
VTOT ALfA
(1'4)
(1'4/51
WEG)
0.025 0.435 -3.9
0.045 0.458 -4.1
0.065 0.484 -3.6
0.085 0.499 -3.1
0.105 0.523 -2.9
0.125 0.539 -3.4
0.145 0.558 -3.6
0.16:;0.564 -3.6
~.185 0.527 -2.6

(1'4)

(MIS)

0.025 0.476
0.045 0.504
0.065 0.507
0.085 0.532
0.105 0.554
0.125 0.551
0.145 0.558
0.165 0.544
O.l;;0.506

3
ALfA"
WEG)
-3.1
-3.8
-3.1
-2.9
-2.9
-2.4
-2.5
-2.2
-1.5

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.476
0.503
0.526
0.550
0.568
0.590
0.603
0.581
0.560

VERTICAL
Z
VTOT
(M)
IM/S)
0.025 0.468
0.045 0.503
0.065 0.523
0.085 0.54b
0.105 0,562
0.125 0.581
0.145 0.583
0.165 0.568
0.185 0.529

9
ALfA
WEG)
-3.0
.-3.3
-3.2
-3.6
-3.1
-3.7
-3.7
-3.6
.-2.1

vERTlCAL 10
VTOT ALFA
Z
IH/S)
WEG)
IMI
0.025 0.457 -3.7
0.045 0.480 -3.2
0.065 0.499 -3.3
0.085 0.524 -2.1
0.105 0.542 -2.9
0.125 0.565 -2.5
0.145 0.577 -2.9
0.165 0.517 -3.1
0.185 0.545 -~.7

VERTICAL 11
VTOT ALfA
(104)
(MIS)
IOEG)
0.025 0.488 -3.7
0.045 0.511 -2.7
0.065 0.528 -2.5
0.085 0.540 -2.1
0.105 0.554 -2.0
0.125 0.555 -1.6
0.145 0.553 -1.8
0.165 0.526 -2.3
0.185 0.493 -2.2

""RTICAI
VTOT

(M)

OEPTH Of fLOw

(HlS)

IIERTICA
VTOT

5
ALfA
WEG)
-3.1
-2.6
-3.3
-3.0
-3.2
-3.1
-3.1
-3.0
-2.5

0.210 MI

VERTICAL
1
VERTICA
2
VTOT ALfA
VTOT ALfA
Z
(H)
(HlS)
(1'4)
(415) WEG)
WEGI
0.025 0.418
1.8 0.025 0.430
0.9
0.045 0.448
1.7 0.045 0.448
1.7
.0.065 0.473
1.8 0.065 0.466
1.0
0.085 0.490
1.3 0.085 0.489
1.9
0.105 0.514
1.1 0.105 0.521
2.0
0.125 0.515
2.9 .0.125 0.520
3.4
0.145 0.530
2.7 0.145 0.533
3.3
0.165 0.498
3.4 0.lb5 0.533
2.8
3.9 0.185 0.510
0.185 0.453
3.9

VERTICAL
3
VTOT ALfA
(M)
(MIS)
IOEGI
0.025 0.449
1.0
0.045 0.470
2.6
0.065 0.493
1.7
0.085 0.508
2.3
0.105 0.539
2.5
0.125 0.529
3.0
0.145 0.552
3.5
0.165 0.535
2.4
0.185 Q~519

~.e

. VERTICAL
4
VTOT ALfA
(M)
(1"'5) IOEG)
0.025 0.438
0.8
0.045 0.410
1.0
0.065 0.481
0.1
0~085 0.503
1.7
0.105 0.518
1.2
0.125 0.534
1.ti
0.145 0.528
2.5
0.165 0.538
1.6
0.185 0.522
4.6

VERTJCAL
5
VTOT ALfA
( nEG)
041 (HlS)
0.025 0.463
1.6
0.045 0.486
0.8
0.065 0.501
0.7
0.085 0.510
2.0
0.105 0.537
1.2
0.125 0.559
1.5
0.145 0.575
2.7
0.165 0.560
1.8
0.185 0.553
2.6

V RTlCAL
1
VTOT ALfA
(H) (HlS) WEG)
0.025 0.445
0.6
0.045 0.478
0.7
0.065 0.497
0.7
0.085 0.506
1.5
0.105 0.521
1.0
0.125 0.533
1.6
0.145 0.564
1.6
0.165 0.554
1.7
0.185 0.563
2.9

VERTICA
9
Z
vTOT
ALfA
(M) (M/SI
WEG)
0.025 0.450
2.8
0.045 0.485
1.1
0.065 0.494
0.9
0.085 0.510
1.2
0.105 0.523
0.9
0.125 0.546
1.6
0.145 0.552
1.6
0.165 0.540
1.7
0.185 0.529
2.1

IIERTJCAL 10
VTOT ALfA
(M)
(MIS) (OEG)
0.025 0.436
1.1
0.045 0.454
2.2
0.065 0.474
2.5
0.085 0.489
2.3
0.105 0.509
2.4
0.125 0.531
2.9
0.145 0.542
2.9
0.165 0.520
2.5
0.185 0.493
1.5

VERTICAL 11
Z
'ITOT ALfA
(MI
(M/SI
WEG)
0.025 0.426
1.8
0.045 0.466
2.5
0.065 0.480
2.7
0.085 0.493
3.0
0.105 0.501
3.4
0.125 0.514
3.7
0.145 0.532
3.6
0.165 0.527
3.0
0.1!~ .0~480 .5.6

V
Z
(MI
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

RTICA
8
VTOT ALfA
( ..IS)
WEG)
0.427
1.2
0.449
0.1
0.471
0.6
0.483
2.1
0.496
1.0
0.523
1.9
0.534
1.9
0.529
1.9
0.508
4.6

V RTlCAI
6
VTOT ALfA
(HlS)
WEG)
0.025 0.465 -3.9
0.045 0.496 -3.6
0.Ob5 0.515 -3.0
0.085 0.533 -3.0
0.105 0.554 -3.2
0.125 0.516 -2.9
0.145 0.588 -2.8
0.165 0.590 -2.9
0.185 0.554 -2.1
Z

(M)

Table 11. Measured velocity data

VERTICAL
6
VTOT ALfA
(04)
(MIS)
InfGI
0.30.025 0.449
0.045 0.471
0.8
0.Ob5 0.499
0.5
0.085 0.516
1.9
Q.105 0.564
1.7
0.125 0.539
1.5
0.11050.560
2.9
0.165 0.549
4.0
0.185 0.553
2.9
Z

CROSS-SECTION
VERTICAL
Z
11'4)

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

06

(ESTIHAfED

VTOT ALfA
CMISI WEG)
0.519
0.9
0.539
0.2
0.558
0.2
0.562
0.0
0.563
0.4
0.569
0.5
0.579 -0.5
0.558
0.1
0.498
1.8

OEPTH Of fLOW 0.205 M)

VEIHICAL
Z

(M'
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

VfOT
CM/S)
0.513
0.542
0.557
0.561
0.564
0.573
0.592
0.584
0.543

VERTICAL

ALfA
COEG)
-1.6
-1.6
-0.7
-0.4
0.0
0.2
-0.8
-0.1
0.9

(M)
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.16S
0.185

VTDT ALfA
(Iol/S)
WEG)
0.520 -1.9
0.539 -1.5
0.557 -1.3
0.564 -0.8
0.565 -0.6
0.569 -0.5
0.587 -2.0
0.586 -1.5
0.552 -1.5

VERTICAL
Z

CM)
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

VTOT
CM/S)
0.520
0.542
0.550
0.564
0.568
0.573
0.595
0.595
0.559

ALfA
COEG)
-3.
-2.9
-2.5
-1.9
-1.4
-1.6

-Z.7
-2.3
-1.4

VERTICAL 7
VTOT ALfA
CM) (MIS' CDEG'
0.025 0.482 -3.2
0.045 0.509 -2.8
0.065 0.533 -2.1
0.085 0.545 -1.6
0.105 0.544 -1.6
0.125 0.553 -1.0
0.145 0.581 -Z.l
0.165 0.577 -1.7
0.185 0.549 -1.2

VEATICAL 8
VTOT ALfA
Z
IM' (MIS) WEG'
0.025 0.448 -3.4
0.045 0.473 -2.8
0.065 0.490 -2.1
0.085 0.501 -1.4
0.105 0.512 -1.1
0.125 0.508 -0.9
0.145 0.538 -Z.O
0.165 0.542 -1.6
0.185 0.517 -1.0

CROSS-5ECTION 07

CESTIMAfED OEPTH Of fLOW 0.202 M)

VERTICAL 1
VTOT ALfA
CM' (MIS' WEG'
0.025 0.552 -3.3
0.045 0.585 -1.5
0.065 0.596 -0.5
0.085 0.604 0.0
0.105 0.618
0.3
0.125 0.614' 0.6
0.145 0.610
1.0
0.165 0.597
1.8
0.185 0.541
2.4

VERTICAL 2
VTOT ALfA
CM' CH/S) COEG)
0.025 0.561 -4.6
0.045 0.589 -2.4
0.065 0.598 -1.2
0.085 0.605 -0.0
0.105 0.615
0.3
0.125 0.615
0.6
0.145 0.615
1.1
0.165 0.642
1.9
0.185 0.573
3.1

VERTICAL 3
VTOT ALfA
(M) (MIS' IOEG'
~.U25 10.:'42 -3. Ijl
0.045 0.571 -1.B
0.065 0.590 -1.0
0.085 0.596 -0.1
0.105 0.608
0.5
0.125 0.611
0.7
0.145 0.601
1.3
0.165 0.619
1.9
0.185 0.574
2.4

V RTlCA
7
VTOT ALfA
CM) CM/SI IOEG)
0.025 0.457 -5.7
0.045 0.495 -3.40.065 0.510 -1.6
0.085 0.524 -0.0
0.105 0.548
0.6
0.125 0.556
1.3
0.145 0.563
1.9
0.165 0.552
2.3
0.185 0.535
3.4

V RTICAL 8
VTOT ALfA
(1'4)
CH/S) COEG)
0.025 0.449 -6.4
0.045 0.473 -3.6
0.065 0.483 -2.1
0.085 0.490 -0.6
0.105 0.509
0.3
0.125 0.519
1.2
0.145 0.529
2.2
0.165 0.517
2.6
0.185 0.498
3.6

VERTICAL 9
VERTICAL 10
VrOT ALrA
Z
vrOT A~~A
CM) CMIS' (DEG)
CH) CMiS) COEG)
0.025 0.414 -5.2 0.025 0.373 -6.0
0.045 0.454 -3.2 0.045 0.404 -Z.5
0.065 0.473 -1.0 .0.065 0.433 -0.2
0.085 0.500
.0.4 0.085 0.451
2.1
0.105 0.520
1.0 0.105 0.475
2.7
0.125 0.520
1.6 0.125 0.487
3.6
0.145 0.535
1.9 0.145 0.482
2.9
0.165 0.519
2.3 0.165 0.465
1.8
0.185 0.513
2.0 0.185 0.428 -0.7

VERTICAL 9
VTOT ALfA
CM) CMIS' WEG'
0.025 0.477 -1.2
0.045 0.506 -1.3
0.065 0.521 -0.8
0.085 0.536 -0.5
0.105 0.528 -0.6
0.125 0.540 -0.4
0.145 0.564 -1.9
0.165 0.555 -1.8
0.185 0.528 -1.4
Z

VEATICAL
Z

(M)
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

VTOT
CM/S)
0.512
0.531
0.552
0.560
0.571
0.579
0.604
0.602
0.578

ALfA
COEG)
-2.3
-2.8
-2.2
-1.8
-1.5
-1.1
-2.8
-1.9
-1.5

VEATlCAL
Z

CM)
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

IVTOT
CM/S)
0.494
0.530
0.536
0.550
0.558
0.570
0.596
0.590
0.571

ALfA
COEG)
-3.-6
-3.3
-2.3
-1.7
-1.7
-1.2
-2.4
-1.9

-l.Z

VEf<TlCAL10
VlOT ALfA
CM' CMIS' (DEG'
0.025 0.4!~ -1.3
0.045 0.451 -O.Z
0.065 0.472
0.5
0.085 0.495
1.2
0.105 0.502
1.0
0.125 0.511
1.4
0.145 0.528 -0.2
0.165 0.495 -0.8
0.185 0.455 -1.9

VEATICAL 11
VTOT ALfA
CM' CMIS, (DEG'
0.025 0.417 -1.8
0.045 0.455 -0.2
0.065 0.474
1.0
0.085 0.496
1.6
0.105 0.497
2.1
0.125 0.498
2.1
0.145 0.494
0.5
0.165 0.470 -0.2
0.185 0.414 -1.9 '

VERTICAL 4
VTOT ALfA
CM' (MIS) WEG)
0.025 IU.:::4o
-:.3
0.045 0.570 -2.6
0.065 0.589 -1.5
0.085 0.595 -0.7
0.105 0.596
0.2
0.125 0.600
0.7
0.145 0.603
1.2
0.165 0.616
1.7
0.185 0.565
2.5

VEATICAL 5
V RTICAL 6
VTOT ALfA
\/TOT ALfA
Z
CM) CMIS' CDEG)
CM/S) CDEG)
"U
0.025 IU.~Ol -5}'5
u.~,:,~ -5. Ijl
0.045 0.536 -3.0
0.517 -3.1
0.065 0.571 -1.7 0.065 0.536 -Z.1
0.085 0.569 -0.4 0.085 0.55t. -0.3
0.105 0.587
0.6 0.105 0.567
0.8
0.125 0.616
1.1 0.125 0.577
1.4
0.145 0.597
1.5 0.145 0.588
2.0
0.165 0.593
2.1 0.165 0.574
2.5
0.185 0.581
2.9 0.185 0.560
3.6 ~

Table 11 (continued)

~:~~5

VERTICA 11
VTOT ALFA
Z
CM) CM/S) (OEG)
0.025 0.376 -4-.8
0.045 0.412 -1.0
0.065 0.1t40 0.6
0.085 0.1t63 2.4
0.105 0.466
3.1
0.125 0.473 3.4
0.11t50.469
2.9
0.165 0.435
1.11
0.185 0.384 -2.4

CROSS-SECTION
1
(14'

V RTlCAL
1
VTOT ALFA
(MIS) WEG'

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

--

--

08

0.564
0.582
0.590
0.602
0.598
0.605
0.604
0.581
0.548

-8.5
"'4.7
-2.2
-0.4
1.5
1.1
2.0
2.0
3.7

VERTICAL
7
VTOT ALFA
CM' (MIS) WEG'
0.025 1045(1 -9.3
Z

0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.485 -6.1
0.504 -2.2
0.526 -1.5
0.547
1.7
0.554 3.3
0.565
4.3
0.559
5.1
0.536
6.8

CROSS-SECTION

09

V RTICAL
1
VTOT ALFA
CM) (MIS) COEG)
I

U.Oil!:::I

'-'1."
-4.4

0.045 I~:~;;
0.065 0.573 -1.8
0.4
0.085 0.566
0.105 0.541
1.7
1.5
0.125 0.533
0.145 0.524 1.8
1.8
0.165 0.499
3.5
0.115 0.456

VERTICAL

ALI'A
(~,~~~~,
IOEG'

0.025 0.464- -9.3

0.045 0.496 -7.0
'0.065'0.508 -1.7
0.oa5 0.523
1.5
0.105 0.540
2.7
0.125 0.559
4.2
0.145 0.567
6.0
6.5
0.165 0.561
0.185 0.532
9.3

(ESTIMATED OEPTH Of fLO. 0.202 14)

2
VERTICA
VTOT ALFA
(OEG)
(14)
(MIS'
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.564
0.590
0.598
0.603
0.601
0.618
0.608
0.598
0.558

-8.7
-5.2
-2.9
-0.9
1.3
2.2
2.4
3.1
3.7

0.045 0.575
0.065 0.588
0.Otl50.600
0.105 0.605
0.125 0.614
0.145 0.613
0.165 0.600
0.185 0.576

-8.4
-5.1
-2.4
-0.1
2.0
3.3
4.2
5.3
6.6

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

-S.2
-2.3
-0.8
1.5
2.3
3.0
3.2
4.8

.vlRTICAL
9
VTOT ALfA
(14)
(MIS) WEG)

VERTICAL
8
VTOT ALfA
CM' (MIS) WEG)

0~025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.421
0.454
0.466
0.497
0.507
0.510
0.516
0.50~
0.486

0.527 -10.0
0.556 -6.3
0.581 -3.5
0.589 -1.3
0.588
1.1
2.3
0.595
0.598
2.8
0.598
3.7
4.9
0.558

VERTlC.AL 10
VTOT ALFA
CM/S) WEG)

0.025 0.438
0.045 0.471
0.065 0.490
0.085 0.506
0.105 0.510
0.125 0.518
0'.1450.518
0.165 0.528
0.185 0.502

\tERTlCAI 4
IITOT ALfA
(14)
(MIS) IOEG'

VERTICAL
3
vTOT ALFA
(14)
(HlS) WEG)
0.025 D.542 -8.7
Z

Z
(14)
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.l65
0.185

-8.6
-4.3
-1.0
0.6
2.3
3.3
3.6
3.4
4.8

0.402 -5.0
0.440 -0.3
0.460
1.8
0.477
3.6
0.491
5.2
0.4.86 5.3
0.471
3.2
0.437
0.3
0.386 -4.3

Z
(14'

\tRTlCAI 5
VTOT ALFA
(MIS) (DEIl)

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.511 -10.8
0.539 -7~1
0.565 -4.0
0.577 -1.1
0.581
1.4
0.588
2.8
0.608
3.5
0.599
4.5
0.567
5.4

Z
(14)

V RTlCA
6
VTOT ALFA
(MIS) (DEG)

0.025
0.046
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.482 -10.7
0.522 -1.4
0.533 -3.9
0.548 -1.7
0.566
1.2
0.575
3.1
0.583
3.7
0.576
4.7
0.549
6.4

VERTICA
11
VTOT ALfA
CM/S) COEG)

Z
(14)
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.411
0.441
0.462
0.473
0.480
0.477
0.463
0.444
c!.38~

-2.6
0.7
3.1
4.6
4.9
5.0
2.0
-0.1
-3.5

(ESTIMATEO OEPTH Of fLO. 0.200 14)

VERTICAL
2
VTOT ALFA
CM) (MIS' WEG)
U.UZ:' U.55&

VERTICA
3
VERTlCAL 4
VTOT ALFA
VTOT ALFA
Z
(14)
CM/S) WEG'
(MIS' (OEG'
(14'
u.u~:,
-Y.lt u.u~:,!U.:'l' -lU.lt

0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0~185

-~.,

0.576 -4.8
0.595' -1.5
0.591
1.3
0.600
2.4
3.3
0.612
0.598
3.6
0.590
3.9
5.3
0~543

VERTICA
8
VTOT ALFA
(14' (MIS) WEG)
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.458
0.488
0.501
0.513
0.518
0.543
0.54'9
0.532
.0.518

Z
(M)

~:~~:
-5.1
-1.4
1.;l
2.9
3.5
4.3
4.8
6.5

0.586
0.597
0.606
0.627
0.617
0.600
0.566

VERTICAL
9
VTOT ALFA
(.14/5,1 (DEG)

-8.2 0.025
.,.6.10.045
-0.8 0.065
1.9 0.085
3.6 0.105
5.6 0.125
7.3 0.145
8.7 0.165
10.3 0.185

0.459
0.484
0.491
0.511
0.504
0.521
0.518
0.501
0.477

Z
(14'

-5.9
-2.9
0.8
2.8
4.0
.4.8
5.1
5.9
7.1
--

_.-

0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

VERTJCAL 10
VTOT ALFA
(MIS) WEG'

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0,165
0.185

-- ------

Table 11 (continued)

0.546 -5.8
0.566 -2.3
0.4
0.582
0.579
2.7
0.604
3.8
0'.603 4.4
0.592
5.6
0.566
5.8

0.431
0.459
0.481
0.488
0.484
0.466
0.460
0.444
0.4en

-0.4
2.6
5.3
6.7
6.4
5.2
3.1
-0.6
-3.9

Z
(14'

V RTl CA
5
VTOT ALFA
(MIS' (OEG'
-'11....
IU.lt"l'"

~:~!~
0.532
0.065 0.551
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.566
0.580
0.603
0.606
0.590
0.556

-6.6
-2.0
0.8
3.0
4.0
4.6
6.1
6.9

V RTl CAL 11
nOT
ALFA
(M' (MIS' (OE~)
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.
105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.422
0.459
0.469
0.476
0.470
0.473
0.466
0.453
0.417

-0.0
3.1
5.7
6.2
5.9
5.3
2.1
-0.9
'-4.2

Z
(lol'

V RTICAL 6
VTOT ALFA
(MIS) (QEGJ
U ...tl -11.1

t~~:
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.186

0.520
0.527
0.549
0.550
0.582
0.574
0.574
0.553

-6.81
-3.5.
0.6 I
2.4
4.0
5.6
7.1
8.4 .

CROSS-SECTION
VERTICAL

10
1

VTOT

Z
(M)

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

(ESTIMATEO

ALFA
(MIS) WEG)
0.552 -10.2
0.577 -5.8
0.573 -2.7
0.557 -0.3
0.532
1.5
0.494 3.4
0.453
4.9
0.405
6.5
0.336
6.6

OEPTH OF FLOW 0.195 MI

VERTICAL
Z
(14)

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

VTOT
U4IS)
0.544
0.578
0.588
0.594
0.567
0.548
0.524
0.485
0.428

ALFA
IOEGI
-10.6
-5.6
-1.8
0.4
1.6
2.1
1.9
2.5
3.5

VERTICAL

VTOT

ALFA
WEGI
-11.6
-6.2
-2.8
0.5
2.4
3.8
5.2
6.0
1.2

Z
(14)

(MIS)

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145

0.533
0.56b

0.585
0.59b

0.618
0.622
0.615
0.lb5 O.59~
0.185 0.573

VERTICAL 7
VTOT ALFA
(M)
(MIS) WEG)
0.025 0.489 -12.7
0.045 0.514 -1.7
0.065 0.527 -4.7
0.085 0.539 -0.9
0.105 0.556
1.0
0.125 0.564
3.3
0.145 0.57l
5.5
0.165 0.567
7.0
0.185 0.539 9.8

VERTICAL 8
VTOT ALFA
(M) (M/SI IOEGI
0.025 0.493 -11.8
0.045 0.514 -7.6
0.065 0.519 -4.0
0.085 0.524 -1.5
0.105 0.541
0.1
0.125 0.555
2.7
0.145 0.551
4.7
0.165 0.547
6.8
0.185 0.527
8.8

CROSS-SECTION 11

(ESTIMATEO OEPTH OF f~UW 0.195 M)

VERTlCAL
VERTICAL 2
VTOT' ALFA
VTOT ALFA
Z
CM)
(14)
(MIS) COEG)
(MIS) WEG)
0.025 0.~4'11-'11.:>
0.025 0.551 -10.3
0.045 0.580 -5.0 0.045 0.580 ;"5.3
0.065 0.582 -1.8 0.065 0.585 -1.2
0.085 0.514
0.6 0.085 0.556
1.2
0.105 0.547
l.3 0.105 0.520
2.4
4.5 0.ll5 0.481
0.125 0.532
3.3
c..1450.484
5.9 0.145 0.457
4.8
0.165 0.446
8.3 0.165 0.425
6.5
0.185 0.350 10.7 0.185 0.372
8.5
Z

VERTICAL 9
VTOT ALFA
(MI (MIS) WEG)
0.025 0.483 -6.6
0.045 0.517 -3.5
0.065 0.528 -2.1
0.085 0.525 -0.1
0.105 0.536
0.7
0.125 0.531
1.3
0.145 0.537
2.5
0.165 0.526
3.3
0.185 0.494
4.3
Z

VERTICAL 3
VTOT ALFA
(14)
(HlS) WEG)
0.025 0.553 -11.9
0.045 0.583 -6.2
0.065 0.595 -2.0
0.085 0.604
2.0
0.105 0.601
4.2
0.ll5 0.599
5.3
0.145 0.585
6.3
0.165 0.565
6.7
0.185 0.526
8.3
Z

VERTICAL
Z
(M)

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

VTOT ALFA
(MIS) (OEG)
0.522 -12.6
0.552 -7.4
0.571 -3.8
0.517 -0.2
0.604
2.2
0.61ij 4.1
0.611
5.3
0.609
7.0
0.580
8.2

VERTICAL
Z
(H)

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

VERTJCAL 10
VTOT ALFA
(M) (M/SI COEG)
0.025 0.424 -2.9
0.045 0.465
1.7
0.065 0.499
3.3
0.085 0.500
3.8
0.105 0.499
3.2
0.125 0.493
1.3
0.145 0.482 -0.1
0.165 0.475 -3.9
0.185 0.438 -5.8

VERTICAL 11
VTOT ALFA
(M). (MIS) IOEGI
0.025 0.429 ";'-Y.3
0.045 0.467
1.3
0.065 0.488
3.2
0.085 0.493
4.0
0.105 0.497
3.1
0.125 0.491
1.7
0.145 0.489 -0.3
0.165 0.473 -3.4
0.185 0.429 -6.3

VERTICAL 4
VTOT ALFA
CHISI (OEGI
0.025 u.!)35-12.9
0.045 0.561 -7.8
0.065 0.571 -3.1
0.085 0.592
0~8
0.105 0.602
3.5
0.125 0.607
5.8
0.145 0.610
7.2
0.165 0.595
8.7
0.185 0.570
9.9

VERTICAL 5
VTOT ALFA
(lol)
(MIS) (OEG)
0.025 10.527 -13.3
0.045 0.554 -7.7
0.065 0.513 -3.9
0.085 0.579
0.2
0.105 0.586
3.2
0.125 0.595
5.5
0.145 0.600
7.2
0.165 0.593
9.1
0.185 0.561 10.8

(lol)

VERTICAL

UU
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.12$
0.145
0.165
0.185

7
ALI'A
WEG)
0.:,16-12.5
0.540 -7.5
0.549 -4.1
0.553 -0.9
0.564
1.5
0.561
4.4
0.569
6.0
0.564
8.3
0.532
9.9

~~~~,

VERTICAL 8
vrOT IALFA
(lol)
(MIS) WEGI
0.025 0.516 -10.2
0.045 0.538 -6.3
0.065 0.551 -2.6
0.085 0.55Z -1.1
0.105 0.549
1.5
0.125 0.553
3.2
0.145 0.559
4.6
0.165 0.549
7.1
0.185 0.520
8.3
Z

VERTICAL 9
VERTICAL 10
vror IALI'A
z VIUI IA~I'A
(MI (MIS) COEG)
(MI (14/51 COEGI
0.025 0.492 -6.2 0.025 0.438 -2.6
0.045 0.534 ..,2.60.045 0.480
1.0
0.065 0.543
0.1 0.065 0.50j
2.7
0.085 0.545
0.085
0.5
0.506
4.1
0.105 0.540
1.6 0.1050.508
4.3
0.lZ5 0.540
1.8 0.125 0.499
Z.7
0.145 0.536
2.0 0.145 0.497
0.7
0.165 O.SZO
2.5 0.165 0.471 -1.9
0.185 0.481
3.5 0.185 0.431 -5.2
Z

Table 11 (continued)

ALFA
(OEG)

-rrrr

-7.5
-4.2
-0.6
1.9
3.8
5~6
1.7
8.6

--

VERTICAL

VTOT ALFA
VTOT
Z
(MIS) (OEGI
(MI (MIS)
0.509 -12.9 0.025 0.492
0.535 -7.9 0.04~ 0.518
0.553 -4.1 0.065 0.543
0.510 -1.0 0.085 0.550
0.584- 2.1 0.105 0.563
0.600
4.1 0.125 0.574
0.601
5.7 0.145 0.585
0.593
7.6 0.165 0.584
0.558
8.1 0.185 0.551

.VERTICAL 11
Ivror IALI'A
CH) CH/S) (OEG)
0.025 1443 -J.o
0.045 0.466
0.8
0.065 0.491
3.3
0.085 0.498
4.7
0.105 0.495
4.5
0.125 0.497
2.6
0.145 0.493
0.6
0.165 0.416 -1.4
0.185 0.436 -4.4
Z

VERTICAI 6
VTOT ALFA
(MI (MIS) (OEGI
0.02~ O.:,~e. -l;:::~:'
0.045 0.547 -8.l
0.065 0.556 -4.3
0.085 0.568 -0.4.
0.105 0.575
2.3
0.125 0.580
4.9
0.145 0.586
7.2
0.165 0.575 8.8
0.185 0.544 10.3
Z

CROSS-SECTION

CESTIMATED OEPTH Of -fLOW 0.200 M)

12

V RTlCAL 1
VTOT ALfA
_jIn
CM/S' WEG)
0.025 0.548 '-9.4
0.045 0.566 -5.6
0.065 0.57lt -l.3
0.085 0.576
1.5
'0.105 0.564
1.8
0.125 0.5lt6 3.4
5.0
0.145 0.506
7.1
0.165 0.452
0.185 0.374 10.7

2
V RTICA
VTOT ALFA
CM) CM/S' WEG)
0.025 0.51t7-10.0
0.01t50.566 -1t.9
0.065 0.568 -1.2
0.085 0.548
2.1
2.0
0.105 0.516
0.125 0.502
3.1
4.1
0.145 0.486
0.165 0.446
6.i
9.4
0.185 0.392

VERTICAL 3
VERTICAL It
VTOT ALfA
VTOT ALFA
Z
11'4)
IM/S) WEG)
CM) CM/S) WEG)
0.025 0.51t6-11.6 0.025 0.543 -13.1t
0.01t50.570 -6.2 0.01t50.561t -8.0
0.065 0.586 -1.6 0.065 0.519 -3.1
0.085 0.591t 3.l 0.085 0.596
1.3
0.105 0.587
1t-.20.105 0.603
3.6
0.125 0.568
4.9 0.125 0.608
5.4
0.145 0.537
5.2 0.U5 0.596
6.4
0.165 0.487
4.6 0.165 0.512
1.5
0.185 0.437
6.1 0.185 0.528 9.8

V RTICA
5
VTOT ALFA
CM/S) WEG)
0.025 0.51t0-12.8
0.01t50.560 -8.6
0.065 0~577 -3.6
0.085 0.593
1.0
0.105 0.596
2.9
0.125 0.609
5.3
0.145 0.597
6.8
0.165 0.587
8.6
0.185 0.542 10.3

V RTl CA
1
VTOT ALfA
CM) CM/S) (DEG)
0.025 0.528 -9.7
0.045.0.556 -7.0
0.065 0.563 -1.7
0.8
0.085 0.570
3.5
0.105 0.579
5.4
0.125 0.581
5.7
0.145 0.573
0.165 0.564- 8.2
8.1
0.1"850.526

V RTl CAI 8
VTOT ALFA
CM' CM/S) eDEG)
0.025 0.522 -7.8
0.046 0.550 -4.7
0.065 0.557 -1.1
1.4
0.085 0.564
3.5
0.105 0.573
0.125 0.573
5.1
0.145 0.565
5.3
0.165 0.552
7.4
7.3
0.185 0.521

VERlICAL 9
VTOT ALfA
CM' CM/S' eDEG)
0.025 0.485 -2.2
0.01t50.525
0.1
0.065 0.51t8 2.5
0.085 0.554
1t.0
0.105 0.552
4.3
0.125 0.553
4.1
0.145 0.538
4.2
0.165 0.528
It.o
0.185 0.501
3.6

VERTICAI
VlOT
(M) CM/S)
0.025 0.462
0.045 0.481
0.065 0.499
0.085 0.505
0.105 0.507
0.125 0.511
o .11t50.506
0.165 0.481
0.185 0.439

CROSS-SECTION

CESTIHATED DEPTH OF FLOW 0.195 M)

13

V RTlCAL 1
VTOT ALFA
CM/S' WEG)
0.544 -9.7
0.570 -5.9
0.565 -2.7
0.565 -0.5
0.9
0.551
0.524 2.8
4.6'
0.492
0.436
6.7
0.363
9.2

C~)
0.025
0.045
0.06l
0.08
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

.,,~
...

V.<I~~

- ....

0.045 0.560 -6.9.

0.065.0.565 -3.5
0.085 0.569 -1.4
0.105 0.568
1.2
3.3
0.125 0.573
.,
0.1450.569
6
0.165 0.562
6.1
0.115 0.526 . 8.4

VERTICAL 2
VTOT ALFA
Z
CM) IMIS, WEG)
0.025 0.539 -9.9
0.045 0.556 -5.0
0.065 0.549 -2.4
0.085 0.537 -0.2
0.105 0.521
1.2
0.125 0.505
2.2
0.145 0.1t80 3.4
0.165 0.447
5.0
0.185 0.383
7.6

u.,,~..,

V.;J~V

0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.546
0.557
0.563
0.564
0.561
0.565
0.554
0.517

VERTICAL
VlOT
Z
CH) 114/5)
0.025 0.554
0.045 0.571
0.065 0.578
0.085 0.566
0.105 0.555
0.125 0.517
0.145 0.490
0.165 0.458
0.185 0.422

-...".~

v.vc;;;;,

-5.6
-2.8
-0.8
0.6
1.9
3.1
4.5
6.1

0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

VERHCAL 10
VTOT ALFA
(!OU
C"'/S) WEG)
0.025 0.447 -0.6
0.045 0.481
3.0
0.065 0.509
4.9
0.085 0.519
6.7
0.105 0.523
6.4
0.125 0.515
5.0
0.145 0.514
3.2
0.165 0.487
0.4
0.185 0.41t4 -2.3
Z

----

ALFA
(DEG)
-11.1

VERTICAL 4VlOT ALFA

CH/S) COEG'
0.551 -13.4
0.514 -7.7
0.586 -J.4
0.589
0.6
0.587
2.9
0.580. 1t.5
0.566
5.7
0.536
6.0
0.495
7.3

CM)
0.025
-b.O 0.045
-1.7 0.065
1.3 0.085
3.5 0.105
3.5 0.125
3.6 0.145
3.5 0.165
1t.5 0.165

-;J. ,
v ... gg
0.5Z6 -2.7
0.51t8 -0.6
0.550
0.8
0.555
1.4
0.549
1.6
0.544
1.4
0.530
f.4
0.1t89 1.9

u.v~~

V."DV

0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.494

Table II (continued)

0.513
0.520
0.521
0.517
0.510
0.492
0.449

-~ .::

0.1
2.2
3.5
3.5
2.6
-0.0
-2.5
-5.5

z
CM)

RTICAL 6
VTOT 'ALFA
CM/S) (DEG'
0.537 -12.7
0.558 -'1.6
0.573 -3.lt
0.580
0.7
0.584
2.2
0.590
lt-.60.590
6.5
0.578
8.2
0.542 10.1

11
ALfA
COEG)
-0.7
2.5
5.3
6.3
5.7
4.8
3.0
0.3
-2.5

VERTICA
5
Z
ALfA
CM) CM/S) COEG)
0.025 0.51t7.;r2.8
0.045 0.568 -8.0
0.065 0.579 -J.8
0.085 0.586 -0.2
0.105 0.591
2.0
0.125 0.588
4.2
0.145 0.584 6.1
0.165 0.568
7.1t
0.185 0.519
8.6

"'Of

"'I!.UC:J

V
Z
CM)
0.025
0.046
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.146
0.166
0.185

u.

0.045 0.492 ..
0.2
0.065 0.507
2.1
0.085 0.511
3.0
0.105 0.511
3.2
0.125 0.517
2.6
0.11t50.508
0.2
0.165 0.491 -3.0
0.185 0.441t-6.1

V RTICA
6
Z IVTOI ALFA
CM) CM/S' (DEG)
0.Ol5 0.540 -11.9
0.045 0.562 -1.8
0.065 0.570 -4.2
0.085 0.577 -1.0
0.105 0.578
1.6
0.125 0.581
3.9
0.145 0.585
5.4
0.165 0.568
6.9
0.185 0.528
8.3

CROSS-SECTION

14

VERTlCAL 1
VTOT ALFA
(lol)
(101/51 WEGI
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.547
0.571
0.583
0.576
0.567
0.540
0.510
0.459
0.374

-8.4
-5.1
-2.7
-0.7
1.0
2.7
3.6
6.7
8.3

VERTlCAL 7
VTOT ALfA
(MI (101/51 WEG)
Z

0.025
,0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.542 -10.3
0.571 -5.8
0.579 -2.7
0.582 -0.5
0.582
1.7
3.0
0.586
0.590
4.5
0.569
6.2
0.535
6.7
---

15

VERTICAL 1
.VlOT ALFA
(lol)
(M/SI WEGI
Z

.0.551 -8.4
0.572 -4.7
0.576 -2.2
0.572
0.3
0.555
1.7
0.530
3.4
0.500
4.9
0.456
6.9
0.374
8.3

VERTICAL 7
VlOT ALFA
(MI (MIS) COEG)
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.546
0.571
0.580
0.584
0.593
0.591
0.597
0.583
0.543

VERTICAL 2
VlOT ALfA
WEGI
(MI 0"51
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

Z
(Hl

0.548
0.566
0.565
0.557
0.545
0.531
0.502
0.463
0.401

-9.0
-6.1
-0.9
0.7
2.9
4.2
5.6
7.1
7.9

-8.8
-4.8
-2.0
0.2
1.5
2.3
3.0
4.1
7.0

VERlICAL 8
VlOT ALFA
(H/SI WEG)

0.025 0.531
0.045 0.558
0.065 0.568
0.085 0.576
0.105 0.576
0.125 0.517
0.145'0.578
0.165 0.564
0.185 0.535

-------

CROSS-SECTION

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

(ESTIHATEO OEPTH Of fLOw 0.195 Hl

-8.2
-4.7
-1.9
-0.2
1.3
2.2
3.4
4.2
6.1

VER1ICAL 3
VTOl ALFA
(MI (MIS) WEG'
Z

0.025 0.5;-8 -9.5

0.045 0.582 -5.2
0.065 0.575 -1.5
1.5
0.'HI50.570
0.105 0.5'45 2.7
0.125 0.529
3.4
0.145 0.502
3.0
O.lb~ 0.473
3.2
0.185 0.416
_'+. q

VEIHICAL 9
'1101 ALfA
(MI (lol/SIWEG)
1

0.025 0.495
0.045 0.539
.065 0.554
0.01:15
0.563
0.105 0.562
0.125 0.557
0.145 0.556
0.165 0.538
0.185 0.501

-5.2
-2.4
0.1
1.5
2.3
2.0
1.6
0.4
0.5

VERTlCAL 4
VTOT ALfA
Z
(lol) (MIS) WEG)
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.557 -10.~
0.580 -6.7
0.590 -2.2
0.593
1.1
0.586
3.1
0.573
4.3
4.4
0.551
0.527
4.6
0.475
5.6

VERTICAL 10
VlOT ALFA
(M) (H/SI WEGI
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.471
0.512
0.523
0.534
0.534
0.523
0.523
0.506
0.464

-3.6
0.1
2.7
3.9
4.1
3.0
0.6
-2.5
-5.5

VEiHICAL 5
VTOT ALfA
Z
(lol) (M/SI WEG'

VERTICAL 6
VTOT ALfA
(M) (Iol/S)WEG)

0.025 1555 -12.0

0.045 0.581 -6.8
0.065 0.594 -3.0
0.085 0.599
0.4
0.105 0.598
2.5
0.125 0.589
4.1
0.145 0.583
5.4
0.165 0.556
5.9
6.9
0.185 0.511

0.025 1552 -10.9

0.046 0.577 -6.7
0.065 0.585 -3.5
0.085 0.587
0.1
0.105 0.592
2.2
0.125 0.597
3.4
0.145 0.589
5.0
0.165 0.569
6.1
0.185 0.528
7.5

VER1ICAL 11
VTOT ALfA
(MI (lol/SI(OEGI
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.487
0.508
0.520
0.524
0.531
0.526
0.527
0.506
0.459

-3.2 ,
-0.2 I
2.5
3.8 ,
3.6
2.9
0.5 I
-2.0
-5.2

(ESTIMA1EO DEP1H Of fLOw 0.190 MI

VERTICAL 2
VlOT ALfA
(MI (M/S) (uEGI
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

Z
(lol)

0.545 -8.1
0.560 -4.4
0.567 -1.2
0.551:1 0.8
0.543
1.8
0.523
2.6
0.514
3.6
5.6
0.469
0.406
7.3

VERTICAL 8
VlOT ALfA
(M/SI WEG)

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.525
0.561
0.570
0.578
0.582
0.588
0.589
0.579
0.537

-5.7
-2.6
0.6
2.0
.3.1
4.8
4.5
5.9
5.8

vERTICAL 3
VTOT ALfA
(MI (M/SI' WEG)
Z

0.025 0.548
0.04~ 0.576
0.065 0.572
0.01:15
0.562
0.105 0.548
0.125 0.535
0.145 0.517
0.165 0.488
0.185 0.441

-9.4
-4.7
-0.6
2.0
3.0
3.6
3.6
4.0
5.3

VERTICAL 9
VlOT ALfA
(MI (lol/SIWEG)
1

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.501
0.545
0.560
0.570
0.573
0.569
0.568
0.553
0.507

VER1ICAL 4
VTOT ALfA
(MI (lol/SI(OEGI
Z

VEiHICAL 5
vTOl ALfA
(lol)
(MIS) WEG'
Z

0.551 -10.7
0.581 -5.2
0.587 -1.6
0.583
1.7
0.517
3.6
0.556
4.5
0.537
4.7
0.516
4.4
0.469
5.2

0.025 0.554 -11.1

0.045 0.583 -6.2
0'.0650.594 -1.8
0.085 0.597
1.2
0.105 0.590
3.3
0.125 0.584
5.0
5.8
0.145 0.573
0.165 0.553
6.3
0.185 0.513
7.8

VERTICAL 10
VlOT ALFA
(lol) (MIS) COEG)

vERTICAL 11
VTOT ALfA
(lol)
01/5 ) (OEG)

0.025
0.045
.p .065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

-3.6 0.025
0.3 0.045
2.4 0.065
3.1:i 0.085
4.2 0.105
3.'J 0.125
2.9 0.145
2.4 0.165
2.3 0.185

Table 11 (continued)

0.483
0.520
0.530
0.541
0.542
0.539
0.533
0.524
0.477

';2.0
2.4
4.5
5.6
5.5
4.8
2.1'
-0.3
-3.6

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.495
0.519
0.521
0.533
0.534
0.531
0.535
0.512
0.458

-1.2
2.0
4.0
5.0
5.6
4.0
1.8
0.2
4.0

VERTICAL 6
V10l ALfA
(MI (M/S) WEG)
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

0.547 -10.9
0.574 -6.1
0.588 -2.6
0.592
0.9
0.599
3.1
0.593
4.1
0.591
5.9
0.573
7.3
0.526
7.5

CROSS-SECTION

16

(ESTIMAIEO

OEPIH

OF FLOw 0.190 M'

VERTICAL
1
IVIOT
AL"A
(MIS' (OEG'
(14'
0.025 0.546 -6.0
0.0/t5 IJ.S76 -2.7
0.065 0.577 -0.3
0.085 0.570
1.0
0.105 0.553
1.9
2.7
0.125 0.524
0.145 0.471
3.2
0.165 0.427
4.5
0.185 0.359
lt.8

VERJICAL
2
IALFA
IVlOl
04/5' WEG'
0.025 0.550 -5.4
O.O/tS0.567 -1.9
0.065 0.568
0~6
0.085 0.563
1.5
0.105 0.543
2.1
2.3
0.125 0.532
2.5
0.145 0.502
3.3
0.165 0.462
4.7
0.185 0.374

3
YERTICAL
VlOT
IAL.. A
UU
(MIS' WEG'
0.025 1548 -6.6
O.Olt,0.580 -1.9
0.065 0.575
1.4
0.085 0.569
2.9
0.105 .0.557 3.5
0.125 0.543
3.4
0.145 0.519
2.9
0.165 0.489
2.8
0.185 0.426
3.lt

YERTICAL
lt
VTOT lAL.. "
(MIS'
(OEG'
0.0~5 '0.565 -8.2
0.045 0.586 -3.0
0.065 0.593
0.7
0.085 0.582
3.0
0.105 0.515
lt.3
0.125 0.561
lt.O
0.145 0.541
3.2
0.165 0.515
2.9
0.185 0.456
3.5

VERTICAL
5
IVTOT ALFA
(14' (MIS'
(OEG'
lr.-o5
1563 -8.1
0.045 0.588 -3.5
0.065 0.601 -0.2
0.085 0.595
2.4
0.105 0.594
4.0
0.125 0.585
/t.5
0.145 0.510
4.6
0.165 0.540
/t.5
0.185 0.498
5.3

VERTICAL
7
. VTOT ALH
(MIS' WEG'
(14'
0.025 0.~51 -7.9
0.045 0.581 -3.6
0.065 0.592 -0.9
0.085 0.596
1.8
0.105 0.601
3.2
3.7
0.125 0.600
0.145 0.588
4.5
0.165 0.573
5.0
0.185 0.536
5.5

8
VERTICA
VIOI
ALFA
(foo"S, WEG'
(lol'
0.025 0.548 -6.2
0.045 0.517 -3.2
0.065 0.590
0.5
0.085 0.595
1.4
0.105 0.596
2.3
0.125 0.596
3.0
0.145 0.59
3.
4
0.165 0.581
3.7
0.185 0.539
4.3

V
Z
(14'
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.12,
0.145
0.165
0.185
-

VERTICAL 10
VTOT ALFA
(14'
(HlS'
IDEG'
0.02!)0.502 -3.
5
0.045 0.539
0.2
0.065 0.554
4.2
0.085 0.562
3.1
0.105 0.566
3.9
0.125 0.562
2.5
0.145 0.555
0.2
0.165 0.533 -1.9
0.180 0.475 -6.0

VERTICAI 11
VTOT ALfA
UVSI
(14'
WEGI
0.025 0.512 -4.0
0.045 0.547 -0.1
0.065 0.551
3.6
0.085 0.554
3.4
0.105 0.563
3.5
0.125 0.559
2.4
0.145 0.551
0.6
0.165 0.532 -2.5
0.185 0.466 -5.2

CROSS-SECTION

(ESTIMAlEO

11

VERTICAl

Z
(14'

L.

1<1ICAL
9
VlOT
ALFA
(MIS'
WEG'
0.::,2.l
-.l.6
0.564 -0.4
0.582
2.1
0.583
2.8
0.585
2.1
0.585
2.2
0.578
1.4
0.561
0.9
0.516 -0.1

Z
(14'

VI~RTlCAL
2
VlOT
ALFA
(Hl
04/5' (OEGI
0.027 0.560 -6.6
0.045 0.576 -3.2
0.065 0.583 -0.9
0.085 0.574
0.6
0.105 0.557
1.3
0.125 0.532
1.1
0.145 0.503
2.4
0.165 0.lt69 3.4
0.185 0.275
4.2

V ~RTlCAL
'.l
Z
VTOI
AL.,.A
(MI
(MIS'
WEGI
0.027 0.569 -7.5
0.045 0.514 -3.8
0.065 0.517 -0.3
0.085 0.576
1.6
0.105 0.564
2.6
O.lZ:) u.559
2.5
0.145 0.537
3.3
0.165 0.510
3.2
0.185 0.lt58 3.9

VERTICAL
7
VTOT ALFA
(MIS' IOEG'
0.571 -6.0
0.598 -lt.5
(1.0650.601 -1.2
0.085 0.611
1.4
0.105 0.609
2.8
0.125 0.614
3.3
0.145 0.604- 5.4
0.165 0.586
5.5
0.185 0.545
6.0

V RTICAL
8
VlOT
ALfA
Z
WEGI
(14' (MIS'
0.~27 0.~~8 -4.1
0.Olt50.580 -2.4
0.065 0.600
1.2
0.085 0.606
2.7
0.105 0.610
3.8
0.125 0.616
4.0
0.145 0.611
4.4
0.165 0.596
5.2
0.185 0.551
5.1

VERTICAL
9
VERTICAL 10
VTOT ALFA
Z
VTOT A~!:A
(Hl
(14'
(MIS' (OEG'
(HlS' (OEG'
u.021 0.538 -2.0 0.021 u.~cu
0.045 0.565
0.6 0.01+5 0.549
1.8
0.065 0.584
3.0 0.065 0.562
4.lt
0.085 0.600
3.9 0.085 0.575
5.8
0.105 0.599
lt.o 0.105 0.571
5.1
0.125 0.600
4.lt 0.125 0.5'74 5.1
0.145 0.595
3.1 0.145 0.568
2.1
0.165 0.581
3.2 0.165 0.55lt 0.4
0.185 0.535
1.8 0.185' 0.499 -3.3

Z
(MI

~~~~,

I~::!~

VERTlCAL
6
VTOT ALFA
Z
(14' (MIS' (OEG'
0.025 0.566 -8.Ir,
0.045 0.593 -3.9 I
0.065 0.600 -0.8 '
0.085 0.597
2.1
'0.105 0.600
3.6
0.125 0.595
lt.7
0.145 0.588
4.9
0.165 0.560
4.7
0.185 0.522
6.0

OEPTH OF FLOw 0.190 14'

1
AL"A
WEG'
0.563 -7.1
0.58lt -3.7
0.581 -1.8
0.580 -0.2
0.554
1.0
0.532
1.3
0.490
3.3
0.437
lt.6
.0.243 5.3

(~,
0.027
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

VEHTICAL
(~,
0.027
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

,.
lAL,...
(OEG'
-9.1
-4.6
-0.1
1-.9
3.2
3.0
3.8
3.9
lt.2

.~~~~,
0.515
0.593
0.593
0.587
0.577
0.567
0.551
0.527
0.491

."l.~

~-

Table 11 (continued)

V:RTlCAL
5
VTOT ALFA
Z
(14' (HlS' (OEGI
0.021 0.576 -8.8
0.045 0.594 -5.0
0.065 0.601 -0.9
0.085 0.598
1.
0.105 0.598
3.5
0.125 0.594
3.8
0.145 0.573
5.2
0.165 0.552
4.5
0.185 0.515
6.0
VERTICAL 11
VTOT AL" A
Z
(14' (MIS'
(OEG'
0.021 0.5~3 -I.~
0.Olt50.550
2.1
0.065 0.564
1+.2
0.085 o .56lt 5.1
0.105 0.568
'5'.5
0.125 0.578
lt.8
0.llt50.569
2.1
0.165 0.552
0.3
0.185 0.490 -2.S
1

V ~RHCAI . D
(~,
0.021
0.049
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.185

~~~~)

0.5ns
0.595
0.607
0.612
0.608
0.607
0.594
0.572
0.523

7~~:,
-a.!
-4.7
-1.3
1.lt,
3.4
3.7
5.8
5.91
6.4

CROSS-SECTIO~

18

V RTlCAL
1
VTOT ALfA
(MI (M/SI IWEGI
Z

0.030 0.1t69 -7.5

0.045 0.500 -8.5
0.065 0.501 -3.1t
0.085 0.1t74-1.8
0.448 -0.5
0.1..05
0.125 0.424 ,0.3
1.6
0.145 0.396
0.165 0.355
1.8
0.316
2.0
~80

V RTlCAL 7
VTOT ALfA
(MI IHISI WEG)
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180

0.537
0.567
0.575
0.585
0.582
0.577
0.569
0.553
0.520

CROSS-SECTION

-5.3
-3.7
0.3
1.9
2.9
3.6
5.5
4.8
5.7
19

VERT A
1
VTOT ALfA
11'1/5)IDEG)
IMI
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180

0.423
0.458
0.450
0.420
0.366
0.340
0.298
0.276
0.233

-6.4
-4.9
-3.3
-2.6
-1.0
0.2
1.3
3.3
8.7

V RTlCAL 7
VTOT ALfA
(M) (MIS) WEG I
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180

0.562
0.582
0.599
0.598
0.596
0.588
0.579
0.561
0.532

(ESTIHATEO OEPTH Of fLOw 0.192 MI

VERTICAL
2
VTOT ALfA
IMI 11'1/5)WEG)
Z

0.030
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180

0.470 -7.0
0.494 -3.8
0.500 -1.1
0.481t 0.0
0.462
0.4
0.4
0.446
0.434
1.0
0.407
1.2
2.5
0.362
--

8
VERTICAL
VTOT ALfA
11'1) (HlS) IOEGI
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180

0.541 -4 .J
0.517 -3.0
0.583
0.5
0.588
2.6
0.590
3.8
0.589
4.0
0.586
4.2
0.568
4.6
'0.544
5.3

IIERTICAL 3
VERTICAI
4
VTOT ALf~
VTOT ALfA
Z
IM_] _LH/SI toEGI
(MI IH/S) (OEG)
0.025 0.500 -7.~ 0.025 0.504 -8.1
Z

0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180
--

- -- ---

0.512
0.514
0.516
0.501
0.489
0.490
0.454
0.420
---

...

-3.2
-0.3
1.6
2.8
2.5
3.-5
2.6
2.7
--

Ij
VEIHICAL
VTOT ALfA
(M) IM/S) WEG)

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180

0.528
0.568
0.584
0.590
0.595
0.591
0.586
0.566
0.544

0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180

-2.5
-0.2
1.4
3.3
3.3
3.1
2.7
2.0
1.7

0.536
0.533
0.529
0.520
0.517
0.504
0.483
0.451
--

-3.5
-0.2
2.1
3.3
3.4
4.3
3.3
3.3

VERTICAL
5
VTOT ALn
IMI IHlS I WEGI
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180

0.522
0.554
0.554
0.553
0.543
0.537
0.524
0.508
0.473

-8.5
-3.7
-0.5
2.2
3.4
.1t.0
4.9
4.1
4.3

z
(14)

V RTlCAL 6
VTOT ALfA
IM/S)
10EG)

0.025 0.539
0.045 0.567
0.065 0.567
0.085 0.573
0.105 0.569
0.125 0.562
0.14-5 0.547
0.165 0.531
0.180 0.495

-8.3
-3.8
-0.3
1.5
3.5
4.2
5.4
4.9
5.5

IIERTICAL 10
VTOT IALF"A
IM) (M/SI tOEG)
Z

0.02!:
0.528
0.045 0.558
0.065 0.566
0.085 0.580
0.105 0.585
0.125 0.580
0.145 0.514
0.165 0.555
0.180 '0.525

-2.2
1.0
1.0
4.2
4.2
3.4
1.1
-1.3
-3.4

VERTICAL 11
'lTOI AL,.-A
I!' IMISI COEG)

0.02!:
0.!:40 -z.o
0.045 0.573
0.7
0.065 0.573
1.0 :
0.085 0.581
3.6
0.105 0.583
3.5
0.125 0.584
2.9
0.145 0.582
1.2
0.165 0.558 -0.7 ;
0.180 0.519 -2.4 !

IESTIMATEO OEPTH Of fLO. 0.187 MI

VERTICAL
2
VTOT ALfA
11'11 (MIS) WEG)
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180

0.438
0.463
0.458
0.445
0.411
0.385
0.371
0.344
0.291

-6.8
-4.5
-2.5
-1.7
-0.5
-O.ti

-0.4
1.2
5.1

VERTICAL
8
VTOT ALfA
(1'1) 0415 I WEG)
Z

-6.3 0.025 0.564

-4.7 0.045 0.597
-0.8 .0.065 0.612
0.6 0.085 0.615
1.6 0.105 0.610
1.5 0.125 0.612
2.8 0.145 0.603
3.2 0.165 0.594
4.0 0.180 0.560

-4.0
-2.5
0.2
1.1
1.2
2.5
2.4
2.3
3.0

VERTICAL
3
VTOT ALfA
IM) IMISI WEG)
Z

0.025 0.473
0.045 0.501
0.065 0.492
0.Otl50.492
0.105 0.485
0.125 0.467
0.145 0.457
0.16S (1.437
0.180 0.402

-1.9
-4.1
-1.7
-0.2
1.5
1.~
0.2
1.S
2.S

Vf.RTICAl 9
VTOT ALfA
11'11 IMISI WEG)
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.Ob5
0.105
0.125
0.145
n, ibS
0.180

0.573 -2.0
0.593 -0.4
0.621
1.0
0.620
1.7
0.626
1.5
i ,e
0.629
0.619
0.9
0.60.. 0.1
0.511 -0.4

VEwTICAL
4
IITOT IALfA
IMI IM/S) 10EGI
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
O.lbS
0.180

!I.503 -8.6
0.522 -5.2
0.514 -2.4
0.523
0.1
0.513
1.9
'1.6
0.503
0.489
1.0
0.468
2.3
0.442
3.3

IIE~TICAL 10
VTOT ALfA
IMI I"'/S) 10EGI
Z

0.0~5
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180

Table 11 (continued)

0.!:14

0.605
0.618
0.619
0.627
0.62&
0.613
0.593
0.559

-1.8
0.7
2.2
3.2
2.5
2.0
-0.2
-2.2
-3.7

VE_I(_TICAL 5
VTOT ALF"A
IM) (M/S) IOEG)
Z

0.025 0.519
0.045 0.545
0.065 0.549
0.085 0.551
0.105'0.543
0.125 0.535
0.145 0.519
0.165 0.505
0.180 0.473

Z
(Hl

-8.9
-5.2
-2.0
-0.2
2.0
1.9
1.2
2.4
3.5

VERTICAL 11
VTOT ALfA
IMISI tOEG)

0.02510.578
0.045 0.615
0.065 0.613
0.085 0.622
0.105 0.629
0.125 0.628
0.145 0.618
0.165 0.597
0.1&0 0.550

-1.8
0.2
1.9
2.2
2.2
1.7
0.0
-1.6
-3.8

Z
(Hl

VEWTICAL
6
VTOT ALfA
11'1/5)
(OEGI

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180

0.531
0.568
0.581
0.575
0.569
0.565
0.550
0.536
0.502
-

-8.4
-5.1
-1.2
0.1
109
1.9
1.7
2.9
3.8
-----

CROSS-SECTION

20

VEIHICAL

IESTIMATEO

OEPTH Of fLOw U.181 14)

VERTICAL

VERTICAL

VERTICAL

VERTICAL

Vf~TICAL
6
Z
VTOT ALfA
(14) (14/5) (OEGI

VTOT ALfA
Z
__{_M)(14/5)WEG)
0.030 0.426 -6.3
0.1)450.464 -5.0
0.065 0.457 -3.8
0.085 0.442 -2.4
0.105 0.414 -1.1
0.125 0.392
0.5
0.145 0.379
2.6
0.165 0.340
5.7
0.180 0.312 10.4

1141
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180

ALfA
(14/5) (OEG)
0.444 -6.5
0.413 -5.2
0.472 -3.6
0.453 -2.3
0.429 -1.8
0.380 -0.3
0.363
1.2
0.32':1 4.3
0.291
8.1

VTOT ALfA
(14) (MIS) WEG)
0.U25 0.480 -6.5
0.U45 0.516 -4.'i
0.Ob5 0.515 -2.1
0.01:15
0.514 -o.e
0.105 0.503
0.3
0.1250.490
0.8
0.145 0.476
0.9
0.165 0.454
.O
0.180 0.405
4.l!

ALfA
Z
VTOT
ALfA
1141 (14/5) lOEG)
(14) (MIS) IOEGI
0.025 U.510 -7.2 0.025 0.532 -7.4
0.U45 0.541 -5.4 0.045 0.575 -5.3
0.065 0.549 -Z.6 0.065 0.579 -2.7
0.085 0.541 -0.1 0.085 0.57(' -0.1
0.105 0.533
0.6 0.105 0.561
0.1
0.125 0.524
1.1 0.125 0.551
1.1
0.145 0.514
1.0 0.145 0.544
1.5
0.165 0.489
2.0 0.165 0.519
2.4
0.180 0.461
4.5 0.180 0.491
4.2

VERTICAL 1
VTOT AlfA
(MI (14/5) IOEGI
0.025 0.582 .-5.2
0.045 0.626 -4.3
0.065 0.633 -1.2
0.085 0.630
0.1
0.105 0.627
0.4
0.125 0.617
0.9
0.145 0.609
1.9
0.165 0.592
1.6
0.180 0.566
4.3

VERTICAL t;
VTOT ALfA
(14) (11/5)WEG)
0.025 0.599 -2.4
0.045 0.641 -2.9
0.065 0.647
0.5
0.085 0.652
1.5
0.105 0.649
1.3
1.9
0.125 0.645
0.145 0.638
2.0
0.165 0.624
0.9
0.180 0.602
3.8

VEtHICAL 'i
Z
VTOT ALFA
(14) (It/S)
IOEGI
0.025 0.596 -0.2
0.045 0.639
U.2
0.Ub5 0.651
1.4
0.U1:I5
0.669
2.0
0.105 0.661
1.9
0.125 0.661
1.4
0.145 0.656
0.8
0.165 U.640
0.0
0.180 0.615
0.8

VElOICAL 10
VTOT ALFA
(14) (M/SI IOEGI
0.0~5 0.::,81-0.1
0.0'+50.6'+3 0.3
0.065 0.649
2.6
0.085 0.664
3.2
0.105 0.662
3.1
0.125 0.6b3
1.9
0.145 0.656
0.4
0.165 0.b38 -2.1
0.180 0.610 -2.4

VERTICAL 11
VlOT ALFA
(14)
(MIS) IOEG)
0.0~5 U.606 -0.4
0.045 0.631
1.1
0.065 0.656
2.3
0.085 0.665
2.9
0.105 0.671
3.0
0.125 0.663
2.2
0.145 0.661
O.b
0.165 0.639 -0.9
0.180 0.593 -1.9

CROSS-SECTION 21

(ESTIMATEO DEPTH OF fLOw 0.185 14)

VERTICAL 5
V~I!CAL
6
VIOI AlrA
l
.VTOT IALfA
IH)
IM/S) WEG)
(14)
IM/SI (OEGI
0.U2::'
10.::';U-0.0 U.UC:lIU.:l:lO-6.3
0.045 0.562 -5.1 0.045 0.571 -4.8
0.065 0.561 -6.0 0.065 0.589 -3.0
0.01:15
0.564 -1.1 0.085 0.588 -1.2
0.105 0.555 -0.2 0.105 0.578 -0.3
0.125 0.553
0.7 0.125 0.579
0.5
0.145 0.535
0.7 0.145 0.565
1.0
0.165 0.507
1.6 0.165 0.546
1.9
0.180 0.486
3.9 0.180 0.521
3.5

VTOT

VTOT

0.025 0.569
0.045 0.b07
0.065 0.608
0.085 0.603
0.105 0.595
0.125 0.585
0.145 0.518
0.165 0.560
0.180 0.529

-7.1
-4.9
-2.4
-0.6
0.5
1.0
1.4
1.8
4.6

.'

VERTICAL 1
VTOT ALFA
Z
(14) (14/5)WEG)
0.0~5 0.422 -5.1
0.045 0.449 -5.2
0.065 0.449 -4.4
0.085 0.449 -2.2
0.105 0.441 -0.8
0.125 0.441
0.4
0.145 0.414
1.7
0.165 0.381
3.1
0.180 0.342
6.4

VERTICAL 2
VTOT ALFA
(14) (1415) IO(6)
0.02::,
U.411 -10.-,
0.045 0.410 -5.4
0.065 0.472 -1l.2
0.085 0.453 -2.5
0.105 0.439 -1.2
0.125 0.417
0.'+
0.145 0.400
2.1
3.9.
0.165 0.369
0.180 0.339
7.4

VERTICAL 3
'ITOT ALFA
(14) IM/S) IOE61
U.O~~ IU."'Il -b.1
0.045 0.510 -5.2
0.065 0.511 -3.6
0.085 0.511 -l.
0.105 0.501 -0.1
0.125 O.4bO
0.1
0.145 0.,+54 O.b
o.rss 0.426 1.7
0.180 0.319
4.3

VERTICAL 4
VIOI ALFA
(14/51 10EG)
O.U~::'
IU.::'11
0.045 0.539 -5.2
0.065 0.539 -3.4
0.085 0.543 -1.3
0.105 0.533 -0.3
0.125 0.523
0.4
0.145 0.509
0.8
0.165 0.484
1.1
O.ldO 0.454
4.0

VERTICAL 1
VTOT ALFA
1141 114/51COEGI
0.025 0.574 -4.2
0.045 0.606 -8.4
0.065 0.611 -2.9
0.085 0.609 -1.2
0.105 0.600
0.0
0.125 0.608
0.4
0.145 0.591
1.8
0.165 0.578
2.2
0.180 0.559
3.0

VERTICAL A
vrOT ALFA
I~)
(MIS) WEG)
0.025 0.584 -1.7
0.045 0.618 -3.1
0.065 0.621 -1.1
0.085 0.627
0.1
0.105 0.622
0.1
0.125 0.630
0.9
0.145 0.621
1.4
0.165 0.611
2.1
0.180 0.587
1.4

VE~TICAL 9
IITOT ALFA
(14)
(MIS) WEG)
0.025 0.574 -0.4
0.0,+50.613
0.1
0.065 0.626
0.9
0.01150.632
1.3
0.105 0.645
1.1
0.125 0.645
1.1
0.145 0.614
1.4
0.165 0.h33
1.3
0.180 0.610
1.1

VEt'(TICAL
10
VTOT ALFA
(M) IM/S) IOEG)
0.025 0.559 -0.4
0.045 0.603
0.5
0.065 0.621
1.3
0.085 0.631
2.3
0.l05 0.632
2~3
0.125 0.641
1.5
0.145 0.611
0.7
0.165 0.628 -0.8
0.180 0.596 -1.9

(14)

-b."

Table 11 (continued)

VERTICAl 11
VTOT IALfA
OU IH/S) WEG)
O;{)5 0.578 -1.0
0.045 0.615 -4.3
0.065 0.630
1.0
0.085 0.634
2.2
0.105 0.639
2.3
0.125 0.643
1.9
0.145 0.640
0.9
0.165 0.624 -0.0
0.180 0.562 -1.1
Z

CROSS-SECTION
VI:RTlCAL

Z
(lol)

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180

22

(ESTIMATEO

_1

V
Z
(MI
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180

VTOT ALfA
(H/SI WEG I
0.~~7 -3.2
0.391 -3.0
0.423 -2.9
0.425 -1.7
0.420 -0.6
0.457
0.5
0.445
2.0
0.405
3.1
0.356
4.9

OEPTH

Of fLOW

RTlCAL 2
VTOT ~LFA
OoI/SIWEGI
0.410 -4.2
0.4:)6 -3.9
0.444 -3.2
0.435 -1.7
0.418 -0.6
0.451
1.7
0.443
3.3
0.405
4.8
0.365
5.8

0.185

MI

VERTICAl 3
Z
VTOT AlfA
(MI (H/SI
WEGI
0.025 0.449 -5.1
0.045 0.460 -4.;!
0.065 0.483 -3.0
0.085 0.478 -1 ...
0.105 0.459 -0.1
0.125 0.483
1.4
0.145 0.458
2.5
O.lbS 0.420
3.3
0.180 0.378
4.5

IIERTICAl 4
VTOT ALfA
Z
CMI (M/SI
COEGI
0.025 0.477 -4.7
0.045 0.508 -4.0
0.065 0.521 -2.9
0.085 0.510 -1.0
0.105 0.498
0.4
0.125 0.485
1.2
0.145 0.526
2.2
0.165 0.493
3.7
0.180 0.460
4.5

V'RTICAL 5
Z
VTOT ALfA
CMI CM/SI WEGI
0.025 0.499 -5.1
0.04~ 0.535 -3.9
0.065 0.550 -2.4
0.085 0.540 -0.9
0.105 0.530
0.6
0.125 0.515
1.6
0.145 0.553
2.2
0.165 0.530
3.3
0.180~.504
4.4

VEIHICAL 9
Z
IITOT ALFA
(MI (M/SI WEG I
0.025 0.548 -0.1
0.045 0.603 -O.l
0.065 0.622
0.6
0.085 0.631
0.4
0.105 0.631
0.4
0.125 0.628
0.2
0.145 0.668 -0.3
0.165 0.655 -0.3
0.180 0.634 -0.2

VERTICAL 10
VTOT ALFA
(MI (M/SI
IOEGI
0.025 0.534 -0.2
0.045 0.580
0.2
0.085 0.624
1.8
0.105 0.628
1.4
0.125 0.629
0.9
0.145 0.669
0.0
0.165 0.650 -1.0
0.180 0.621 -1.2
0.180 0.596 -1.9

VERTICAL 11
VTOT ALFA
Z
11'41(lol/SIIOEGI
0.025 0.552 -0.3
0.045 0.603 -0.1
0.065 0.620
1.2
0.085 0.632
1.7
0.105 0.631
1.4
0.125 0.631
0.145 0.670
0.6
I.
0.165 0.643
0.2
0.180 0.596 -0.4

VERTICAL 7
VTOT ALfA
Z
(Hl CH/SI WEG I
0.025 0.547 -3.8
0.045 0.581 -2.8
0.065 0.601 -1.5
0.085 0.594 -0.4
0.105 0.588
0.5
0.125 0.577
1.3
0.145 0.625
1.8
0.165 0.602
3.0
0.180 0.575
4.0

0.025 0.552

-2.0

0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.l45
0.165
o.18Q

-1.1
-0.6
-0.1
0.3
0.4
0.5
1.1
1.7

CROSS-SECTION 23

IESTIMATEO DEPTH OF FLOw 0.185 MI

VERTICAL 1
VTOT ALFA
Z
(H) ,IMISI WEGI
0.025 0.393 -1.5
0.045 0.419 -2.0
0.065 0.456 -2.1
0.085 0.468 -1.4
0.105 0.466 -0.1
0.125 0.410
0.1
0.145 0.454
1.2
0.165 0.411
2.1
0.180 0.356
3.8

VERTICAl 2
VTOT ALFA
Z
11011CM/SI IOEGI
0.025 0.431 -2.6
0.045 0.410 -2.8
0.065 0.485 -2.6
0.085 0.486 -1.5
0.105 0.478 -0.1
0.125 0.472
1.4
0.145 0.455
2.3
0.165 0.421
4.2
0.180 0.3&3
5.4

VERTICAL 3
Z
VTOT ALFA
(MI IMISI WEGI
0.025 0.489 -4.3
0.045 0.517 -3.7
0.065 0.533 -2.6
0.Ob5 0.519 -1.~
0.105 0.505
0.2
0.125 0.4b1
1.3
0.145 0.458
2.3
0.165 0.421
3.9
0.180 0.380
4.8

VERTlCAl 4
VTOT ALFA
Z
(MI (M/SI IOEGI
0.025 0.5ll -4.3
0.045 0.545 -3.5
0.065 0.565 -2.3
0.085 0.561 -1.2
0.105 0.548
0.1
0.125 0.533
1.3
0.145 0.516
2.1
0.1&5 0.413
3.4
0.180 0.425
5.8

V
Z
(MI
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.180

VERTICAL 7
VTOT ALfA
(Hl CH/SI WEGI
0.025 0.564 -3.6
0.045 0.610 -2.8
0.065 0.625 -1.4
0.085 0.635 -0.4
0.105 0.629
0.3
0.125 0.624
0.9
0.145 0.612
1.4
0.165 0.5B5
2.1
0.180 0.567
5.1

.VERTICAL 8
VTOT ALFA
Z
IMI IMISI IOEGI
0.025 0.5B2 -2.0
0.045 0.61B -1.5
0.0&5 0.635 -0.4
0.OB5 0.656
0.1
0.105 0.654
0.2
0.125 0.&56
0.3
0.145 0.651
0.4
0.165 0.633
0.1
0.180 0.608
).6

VEt<TICAl 9
Z
VTOT ALfA
CMI IMISI WEGI
0.025 0.573 -0.1
0.045 0.614 -0.2
0.0&5 0.641
0.1
0.085 0.665
O.s
0.105 0.6&5
0.3
0.125 0.676 -0.1
0.145 0.666 -0.4
0.lb5 0.650 -O.b
O.lbO 0.614
4.4

VERTICAllO
Z
VlOT ALFA
CMI CM/SI IOEGI
0.025 0.544 -0.9
0.0..
5 0.5B6 -0.3
0.065 0.627
1.3
0.085 0.&55
1.4
0.105 0.659
1.2
0.125 0.6&9
0.6
0.145 0.665 -0.3
0.1&5 0.640 -1.1
0.180 0.602
0.2

VERTICAl 11
VTOT AlfA
Z
IMI 04lS1 WEGI
0.025 0.510 -1.9
0.045 0.611 -0.7
0.065 0.635
1.0
0.085 0.661
1.3
0.105 0.666
1.2
0.125 0.673
1.0
0.145 0.663
0.3
0.165 0.637 -0.1
0.180 0.583
1.7

VERTICAl 8
VTOT ALFA
CMI CM/SI IOEGI

0.608
0.610
0.617
0.614
0.601
0.654
0.640
0.618

Table 11 (continued)

V
Z
(141
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.146
0.165

RTle,! 6
VTOT AlfA
(101/51
(OEGI
0.517 -4.3
0.563 -3.3
0.576 -2.0
0.571 -0.5
0.557
0.6
0.545
1.5
0.590
2.3
0.563
3.1
0.180 0.539
4.2

'I

RTICAL !;I
VTOT ALfA
(M/SI
(PEGI
0.531 -4.2
0.568 -3.6
0.590 -2.2
0.587 -1.1
0.579
0.3
0.566
1.4
0.544
2.2
0.522
3.2
0.489
4.4
_----

6
V ~ICAL
Z
VTOT ALFA
(141 (M/SI (DEGI
0.025 0.542 -4.3
0.045 0.589 -3.2
0.065 0.616 -1.8
0.085 0.613 -0.5
0.105 0.604
0.4
0.125 0.596
1.2
0.145 0.574
2.1
0.165 0.553
3.21
0.1BO 0.521
4.6

I
I

CROSS-SECTION

24

VERTICAL 1
VTOT ALfA
(14/51 WEGI

Z
1141
0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.175

0.415
0.450
0.481
0.480
0.483
0.485
0.469
0.425
0,386

0.6
0.3
0.4
1.0
2.0
2.5
3.3
4.0
5.2

IESTIHArEO OEP1H Of fLOw 0.180 Hl

VERrtCAL 2
vrOl ALfA
IM/SI WEGI

Z
1141
0.Ol5
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.175

0.465
0.490
0.497
0.499
0.494
0.492
0.476
0.433
0.402

-0.3
-0.4
0.2
1.0
2.3
3.2
4.6
6.1
6.1

VEIHICAL 3
V10l ALfA
(H/SI
1141
WEGI

0.025 0.S02
0.04S 0.528
0.065 0.534
0.01i50.536
0.105 0.515
0.125 0.495
0.145 0.470
0.165 0.437
0.175 0.401

-1.0

IIEHTICAL 4
VTOl ALfA
IHI IMISI WEGI
Z

0.025 0.:.27 -1.'+

-1.2
0.065 0.572 -0.1
0.08~ 0.580
1.1
0.105 0.557
2.3
0.125 0.536
3.4
0.145 0.499
4.5
0.165 0.461
6.0
0.175 0.424
4.9

0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.175

VEF<TICAL i c
VlOT ALFA
CH) (M/S) WEG)

(101)

-O.~ 0.045 0.576

0.3
1.4
2.3
3.6
4.8
5.3
5.7

VEIHICAL 5
1I10T ALfA
(Hl CM/SI WEGI
0.025 0.553 -1.8
L

0.596
0.601
0.604
0~59l
0.575
0.547
0.523
0.475

-1.2
0.2
1.2
2.4
3.0
4.2
5.7
5.0

--

VERTICAL 7
VlOT ALfA
CMI CH/SI WEGI
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.175

0.598
0.647
0.662
0.653
0.646
0.634
0.622
0.599
0.550

-0.8
-0.1
0.8
1.4
l.2
2.6
3.0
4.2
6.0

VERrtCAL ~
VTOl ALfA
(Hl (M/SI IOEG)
Z

0.025
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105

0.621
0.658
0.674
0.672
0.670
e.ras 0.668
0.145 0.659
0.165 0.640
0.175 0.586

0.5
0.7
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.0
1.7
2.4
2.2

Z
(lol)

VERTlCAL 9
II10T ALfA
CM/SI WEG)

0.Ol5
0.045
0.065
O.OS
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.175

0.588
0.637
0.663
0.672
0.6'80
0.688
0.677
O.641jJ
0.609

1.4 0.025
1.7 0.045
1.& 0.065
2.0 0.085
2.0 0.105
1.7 0.125
0.1jI0.145
1.2 0.165
1.3 0.175

._~ ~ ._._-_-Table II '(cont inued)

0.583
0.601
0.642
0.663
0.678
0.681
0.676
0.626
0.593

1.6
1.8
2.9
3.1
3.0
2.5
1.5
1.6
1.2

IIERTICAL 11
11101 ALfA
(MIS) WEG)

0.Ol5
0.045
0.065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.175

0.587
0.647
0.663
0.680
0.682
0.681
0.673
0.624
0.571

O.~
1.6
2.7
3.1
3.3
3.0
2.4
2.1
1.9

VERTlCAL 6
VTOT ALfA
114/51 COEGI

Z
(141
0.025
0.045
0~065
0.085
0.105
0.125
0.145
0.165
0.175

0.572
0.618
0.633
0.629
0.616
0.603
0.583
0.552
0.502

-O.IJ
-0.6
0.5
1.5
2.7
3.1
3.6
5.2
4.7

.~.&.'-.L'-Q.4I;

Crosssection

Mean
1

10

I1

0.2020

0.2019

0.2020

0.2019

0.2019

0.2019

0.2020

0.2019

0.2020

0.2020

0.2019

0.2019

0.2005

0.2005

0.2006

0.2008

0.2008

0.2009

0.2010

0.2010

0.2010

0.2010

0.2009

0.2008

0.1977

0.1980

0.1986

0.1995

0.2002

0.2009

0.2015

0.2021

0.2024

0.2030

0.2030

0.2006

0.1940

0.1945

0.1964

0.1982

0.1997

0.2010

0.2022

0.2031

0.2040

0.2049

0.2053

0.2004

.8

0.1927

0.1937

O. 1954

0.1970

O. 1985

0.2003

0.2014

0.2026

0.2037

0.2046

0.2050

0.1996

0.1922

0.1931

O. 1948

0.1965

0.1980

0.1996

0.2010

0.2022

0.2035

0.2044

0.2046

0.1991

10

0.1919

0.1926

0.1942

0.1961

0.1974

0.1990

0.2004

0.2019

0.2034

0.2041

0.2050

0.1988

I1

0.1909

0.1918

0.1932

0.1948

O. 1964

0.1980

O. 1998

0.2013

0.2026

0.2038

0.2044

0.1979

12

0.1905

0.1912

O. 1926

0.1941

0.1958

0.1976

0.1992

0.2008

0.2022

0.2033

0.2036

0.1974

13

0.1902

O. 1906

0.1921

0.1937

O. 1953

O. 1970

0.1987

0.2003

0.2016

0.2025

0.2029

0.1968

14

0.1894

0.1901

0.1914

0.1929

0.1942

0.1960

O. 1976

0.1995

0.2008

0.2020

0.2026

0.1960

IS

0.1886

O. 1892

O. 1907

0.1921

0.1936

0.1953

O. 1968

O. 1986

0.1996

0.2010

0.2016

0.1952

16

0.1873

0.1881

0.1898

0.1912

0.1929

O. 1946

0.1962

0.1976

0.1991

0.2005

0.2010

0.1944

17

0.1870

0.1875

0.1891

0.1906

0.1920

0.1935

0.1949

0.1967

0.1980

0.1996

0.1998

O. 1935

18

0.1889

0.1894

O. 1901

0.1908

0.1916

0.1920

O. 1923

0.1932

0.1945

0.1954

0.1956

0.1921

19

0.1900

0.1903

0.1903

O. 1905

O. 1908

0.1912

0.19 IS

O. 1920

0.1922

O. 1924

0.1928

0.1913

20

0.1904

O. 1903

0.1903

0.1903

0.1904

O. 1905

O. 1905

0.1905

0.1905

O. 1905

0.1905

0.1904

21

O. 1903

O. 1902

0.190 I

0.1900

0.1900

O. 1900

0.1900

O. 190I

0.1903

O. 1907

0.1906

O. 1902

22

0.1889

0.1889

O. 1890

0.1890

O. 189I

O. 1894

O. 1895

0.1894

0.1894

0.1894

0.1892

0.1892

23

0.1886

0.1887

O. 1886

O. 1886

0.1886

0.1891

0.1889

0.1889

O. 1890

0.1891

0.1391

O. 1888

24

0.1874

0.1874

0.1876

0.1877

0.1878

0.1876

O. 1876

0.1877

O. 1877

0.1878

0.1877

O. I 876

Table 111 'Measured water levels (in m above the bottom)

(a) measured in cross-sections

Figures

Vertical
Cross-section

11

0.2027

0.2023

0.2028

0.2014

0.2015

0.2019

0.1974

0.2009

0.2040

0.1940

0.2009

0.2057

0.1934

0.2005

0.2057

0.1929

0.1997

0.2055

10

0.1924

O. 1991

0.2053

1L

0.1915

0.1976

0.2050

12

0.1909

0.1973

0.204-7

13

0.1903

0.1968

0.2034

14

0.1894

0.1959

0.2029

15

0.1884

0.1946

0.2017

16

0.1875

0.1937

0.2011

17

0.1868

0.1928

'0.2000

18

0.1885

0.1917

0.1958

, 19

0.1905

0.1903

0.1919

20

0.1903

0.1901

0.1905

21

0.1900

0.1899

0.1899

22

0.1892

0.1890

' 0.1894

23

0.1887

0.1883

0.1887

24

0.1881

0.1878

0.1882

Table III Measured water levels (in m above the bottom)

(b) measured in longitudinal sections.

-: -,. ..--.
..

wave damper
qa=

YZIZll;i~!Z,

gravel

concrete top lover

sondfill

corrugot edp[Ofes
~ium

grov:1:

coorse
~~o_v:l_

timber screen

--===z..___.._.
'....
;..;.;;~.:.;::':\~~;::i.:. :: :.:::.::,=:; :j..;.::.;::.~;.;:.:;,
~!:::::':=::i:~?::-:.?=:;
:~:;:";~.M

floor of th. loboro tory hall

stilling
bas in

Ii'

CROSS-SECTIONC-C

e
support

floor of the loboro torv hall

CROSS-SECTIONB-B

Figure I. Flume geometry

Figure 2 Combined current-velocity/direction

meter

18

+ m

19

+2m

20

-3m

21

'22

23

24

1 2

0
N

.."

,"

8x Q.17
,

..'1

"Ie

10 11

VI

sx

e--

IQ
d

,0.10~0.0~

pOS D.1q,

Figure 3. Configuration of the measuring grid

+.+

20-

+++++++++++++++++++++

++

+
+
+
+
+

":"

'P""

ti

I: 15
IA

al

.,

>

....
al

....

10-

51-

O 0~~---~---~---'---~3~00---~---~~~~---6JO-0---~_'---~---~~900
time (sec)

Figure 4. Adaptation time for the water level measurements

""
~
,._
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0..88

0.81,

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0..6

<,

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10.8

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0..96
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1.176

120.

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Figure 5. Vertical distribution of the main velocity (cross-sections)

1.16

1.171,

1.20.

'

<,

"

...
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1.20

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Figure 5 (continued)

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0.96
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Figure 9. Vertical distribution of the horizontal component of the secondary flow

(longitudinal sections)

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Figure 10. Secondary flow intensity (cross-sections)

\
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1.16 1.176 1.20

I r=0.841
10

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0
-6m

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Figure 11. Secondary flow intensity (longitudinal sections)

+6m

O. 2
0.1

o
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Figure 12. Transverse configuration of the water surface

1.161.176 1.20

-- r
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Figure 13. Longitudin.l configur.tion of the

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in longitudinal

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Figure 14. Transverse fall of the water surface

+3 m

180
axis

+6m

+ ot 0.4h
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depth-overoge
+

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= 0.8241.

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0.9
0.8

0.7~--~~--~~--~---~---~---L----~--~
-S m
-3m
00
45
90
135
1800
+ 3m
+Sm
1.3,-----r----r------r---"""T"""--~.___--_._---~-1.2
u>E
<,

t.J
I

1.1

1.0

0.9
0.8

r =1.12

+ + + + I

I

+
I

__
+

0~~6m~----~-3~m=-------0~r-------4~5~0~----~9~0~0------~1~35~0~----~1~80~0~-----+*3-m------~+
m
1.3r---~---~---__r---~---~---~----~--

t.
I

i.o

0.9
0.8

I
I

1.2

u:1=
<,
1.1
.:J

__

I r=1.176I

I
+

+
+

+
+

II

+
I
+
I
I
+

0.7~--__:_---_==_---_:'=_--~=_--~..,..._--..J....-----.~---J
-Sm
-3m
O
450
900
1350
1800
+3m
------1. positionolongthe chonneloxis

+6m

Figure 15. Velocity at O.4h as an approximation of the depth-averaged velocity

(a) Comparison of the magnitudes of the veloeities

0.2
0.1

---+---+-""

+6m

1S0

150

- ...

=t-- -J

120

90

---+---+---

---+---

--_ -_
60

-.-._--...--

0.1

-0.1
-0.2
- - +--

0.80

0.S240.S4

0,S8

0.92

depth -averaged main velocity

main velocity at z ,= 0.4 h

0.96

r = 1.00

1.04

1.08

1.12

116 1.176 1.20

Figure 15. Velocity at O.4h as an approximation of the depth-averaged velocity

(b) Transverse distribution of the main velocity

0.2
0.1

+--.

1~0:__0-==(f __

_+
~=--==o-

____ _tJ-

CI

1500
.qI.
....-

-'il

=i-- =-

-=il---.qa

--.._~

...
~~-+
1200

-l..
'_~'::a

~~_=-:I_---.-==t---

1200

.qI.--

4l-==

'P-

_--=_=~__.-----~~=-~-~--tJ~---+~=__
900

-.~

+
---".,......;..-0_+:::. - _

+-.qI.--.=~

--

Cl .

~-

0.2

- =ip.-----tJ
- 600

.L.

--O~.

-CII==-=--.--==-:~+

-+

---t----r=-==-=_-~~6~-+

0.1

-3m io....
.L.
,,~~CI-"::::::":::'+

~+

0- - -

-3m
+=,._..._:1II___
0_
T'
---...

-al

O~-

o~~-~.....-

-a2

0.80 0.824 0.84

Figure

0.88

0.92

16. Transverse

0.96

r = tOO

distribution

compared with the results

l04

l08

of the velocity
of earlier

1.12

1.16 1.176 1.20

at O.4h (--+--)

measurements

(---0---)

Appendices

,\

A.I

Appendix A.

Establishment of uniform rectilinear shear flow

in the first'part of the flume

In the very first part of the flume the bot tom is roughened in order
to improve the horizontal distribution of the inflow velocity and the
surface is covered by a plate in order to reduce the disturbances of
the water surface. Both measures make the vertical distribution of the
inflow velocity deviate fro~ the distribution in uniform straight
channel flow under the experimental conditions (channel width, depth of
flow, discharge and bottom roughness). Yor the interpretation of the
measured data it is important to have an indication of how far the
influence of these measures extends.
In principle, this could be assessed by removing the plate and
the artificial bottom roughness and measuring the velocities again,
but in that case the results would be distu~bed by surface waves and
a rather non-uniform horizontal distribution of the inflow veloeity.
Therefore a mathematical procedure is followed.
Consider ~ectilinear shear flow in an infinitely wide ehannel of depth h.
This flow ean be deseribed mathematically by the longitudinal momentum
equation
u au + .!. l2.
as
p as
(with

= Lp ~az

(A ~)
t az

(A. 1)

=
=

vertieal eoordinate,

u(s,z)

longitudinal velocity,

p(s,z)

pressure (assumed hydrostatie),

= mass density of the fluid, and

longitudinal coordinate,

At(s,z) = dynamic turbulenee viscosity),

, the integral condition of continuity

h

(A.2)

udz = constant

and the inflow and boundary eonditions

u(O,z) = given;

u(s,O) = 0;

(A

au)
t az z=h

(A.3)

A.2

This system can be solved numerically if At ~s given (see

DE VRIEND, 1979). If the inflow velocity u(O,z) is given a
deviation from its equilibrium distribution, i.e. the distribution
in uniform straight channel flow under the same conditions, the
adaption of u(s,z) to its equilibrium shape gives an impression of
the persistance of the disturbance.
In the present case the assumed distribution of At is parabolic
(see for instance, V~~ONI, 1946):

A
t

p~h K/g z (1 _ ~)
C

(A.4)

with ;:i(s) depth-averaged velocity

K

= Von Karman' s constant

= Chezy's factor.

acceleration due to gravity

In the equilibrium state this parabolic At yields the well-known

logarithmic velocity distribution
u

(A.5)

Two different cases will be considered now, one in relation to the

effect of the artificial bottom'roughness

and the other one representing

the decay of a velocity reduction near the surface. In the former

case the inflow velocity is given as
u

with

!L!L

z In l)
(1 + KC' + KC'

c' =

uf
u = f

(A.6)

0.5 C, in the latter case it reads

with

I",

IIY ln- Z

+..;..s;!. + ~

KC

KC

for z < h/2

(A.7)

z
f = 1 + ~KC + ~KC In (1 - l)

for z ~ h/2

Backwater complications are avoided by keeping h constant.

A.3

As becomes evident from figure A.I, the effects of the artificial

bottom roughness and the velocity reduction at the surface have
vanished for the greater part after 25 times the depth of flow.
Although the above computations give only an impression of the decay
of the inflow disturbances, it can be concluded from the results that
these disturbances have practically evened out before the flow
reaches the bend.

1.5

I:::J
<,
:::J

z/h = 1. 00
equilib,:_ium valu!

(z/h

= 1:00 )

g=9.81m/s2
= 0.4
C = 60 m1J2/s
At parabolic
I<

1.0

--- -

0.15

---

--.

0.05

z/h=0.15

z/h =0.05

z/h=0.02

0.5 ~

1/

0.0012

00

i-:

._
1Q.

- z/h

= 0.0012

15

20
s/h

Figure Al. Adaptation of the main velocity to its equilibrium distribution

(a) Decay of a disturbance due to artificial battom roughness

25

g:9.81m/s2
K=

s:
......

0.4

C: 60 m1/2/s

At parabalie

0.75

0.50

0.25

-------

.... u/

Figure Al. Adaptation of the main velocity to its equilibrium distribution

(b) Decay of a disturbance due to artificial bottom roughness

1.5~--------------~----------------'----------------.r----------------r----------------'

I:::J
<,
:::J

_!9~ilibri~mval~e(z/h = 1.00)

\z7h: 03

= 9.81 m IS2
K = 0.4
9

C = 60 m'/2/s
At paraboli
c

00

10

15

20
s/h

Figure Al. Adaptation of the main velocity to its equilibrium distribution

(c) Decay of a disturbance near the surface

25

.s:::.
<,
N

0.75
9 =9.81 m/s2
1<"
0.4
C 60 ~~/s
At para balie

=
=

0.50

0.25

1.5

1.0

0.5
---------.,.

u /

Figure Al. Adaptation of the main velocity to its equilibrium distribution

(d) Decay of a disturbance near the surf ace

B.. 1

Appendix B

Elahoration of the measured data

In each point of the measuring grid two numbers were obtained

from the current meter, viz. the number of pulses*) counted by the
velocity meter during~ the'observation period and the time-integral
over this.period of the output signal from the direction meter. The
elaboration of the data for a certain vertical to main and secondary
velocity components proceeded as follows.
a. Calculation of the total velocity and the flow direction ~n each
grid point from
(~.I)

Vtot

Cl

c (D - D )
3
0

in which:

(B.2)

IT
number of pulses counted by the velocity meter
during the observation period

duration of the observation period

D = time-integral over the observation period of

the output signal from the direction meter
DO'"referece value of D if the vane is directed
along the channel axis
c1,c2,c3

calibration constants

In the present case the known or calibrated constants in these

expressions are: T = 30 s, cl
c3 = 5.4 * 10-3 The value of

8.80

Cl

is positive when the flow is

iK

10-4, c2

2.37' M 10-2,

directed outwards.
b. Decomposition of the local horizontal velocity vector into a
tangential component v$

*)

AS

and a radial component vR:

can be seen from figure 2, the micropropeller is surrounded by

a perforated ring containing 60 holes and connected with the propeller

blades. As the propeller is running, the holes pass by a sensor (in
the small canic container above the propeller) and every time a hole
passes by, the sensor gives an electric pulse. Thus the number of
pulses counted during the observation period is a measure for the
mean velocity during that period.

B.2

and

v~ = Vtot cosa

Vtot

s~na

(B'-. 3)

c. Averaging the tangential and radial velocity components over the

depth of flow, making use of the following approximative extensions
of the velocity profiles towards the bottom and the water surface:
Z-Z

(__ b)

main

in which

(B.4)

z-z
Z-Z
f
(----.)
fsec(~)
main h
+ v
t '-z
Z -z
Rm z=zl f . ( I ..b)
f
(I. b)
ma m ,h
sec
h

v!.l{ z<zl. ::: vRJZ=ZI

V~!Z=Z
vcp!z>Z :::

(B.:5)

and
n

zb

vertical coordinate of the bottom

zi = vertical coordinate of the lowest grid point

Z = vertical coordinate of the highest grid point
n
f
vertical distribution function of the main flow
ma in =
f
vertical distribution function of the
sec
secondary flow
vR

"l'

s
vR
m

part of the radial velocity component due to

the secondary flow

part of the radial velocity component due to

the main flow

The secondary flow contribution to the tangential velocity component

is neglected with respect to the contribution of the main velocity.
According to the definition of main and secondary flow given in
section 3.5, the horizontal component of the main velocity is given
by

B..3

tot

= v

tot

eos(~-~)

(B. 7)

, whenee
v

<j>
m

= v

tot

eos(a-~) eosa

and

VR
m

= v

tot

eos(a-~) s~na

(B .8)

Consequently

(B.9)

Substitution into (B. 5) , with v

v!
- (vR !z=zJ
R z<zJ -

= vR + vR ' leads to
m
s
z-z
z-z
f
(__ b)
V<j>!Z=ZJ
V<j>!Z=ZJ
fsee(~)
main h
+
vR
~R)
zJ-zb
zl-zb
v<j>
v<p
fsee(-h-)
fmain(~)

-f

(B.IQ)

So if f . and f
are given, the bottom approximation of vR is
ma~n
sec
known in terms of ~R and v<j>.
lf the trapezoidal integration rule is applied between the grid
points z=zJ and z=zn' the averaging routine for v<j>ean be formulated
as follows:
n

= V<j>lz=zJlm +

,Z

k=2

denoting the vertieal eoordinate of toe water surface and I

being

given by
f

Z-Z

(__ b)

____
m_a~in~_h;;..__
d (~)
zl-zb
h
f
. (--:--h ,)
ma~n

(B. 12)

.B.4

Once v~ is known, vR can be ca1culated from

v~lz=zl
(I

{I -

in which I

- I )}

(B.13)

is given by

(B.14)

In the present case the main velocity distribution function f .

ma~n
is taken logarithmic
f .
ma~n

I
I
z-z
I +!j_c + !j_C1n (-h b)
K

(B.

15)

and the corresponding secondary velocity distribution function reads

(DE VRIEND, 1976)

sec

z-z
(_b)
[2F1 h

8
2-5~+4~
KC

with

KC

z-z
(~)
2

I
-2(1 -~)

K2c2
(Z-Zb)/h

Z-Zb
FI (-h-)

1nl;dg;; with

1;-1 .

r;H

(z-zb)/h
z-zb
F2(~)

+~

J
I;M

2
~dl;

1;-1

I;H

KC
exp(-I- Tg)

fma~n
.

(B.16)

B.S

d. Determination of the magnitude and the direction of the depthaveraged velocity vector from
v

vR

(-2 + -2)!
tot = vq, vR

and

a = atanvq,

(B.17)

e. Decomposition of the local horizontal velocity vector into a main

and a sec~ndary component
v = v
cos (am
tot

and

tot

sin(a-)

(B. 18)

f. Calculation of the secondary flow intensity from

21:

= Is

Ivs I z-zi
-

k=2

I II

v+v
+vv
+v
v
2
2
,sk
sk_1
sk'sk_1
sk
sk'-1

Iv sk I + Iv sk-l I

-z

I I

sh n vSn z=z
n

(B. 19)