05 PDF

CHAPTER 5
Pipe network analysis
5 . 1I n
problem 5 . 1a na l t e r n a t i v e
f l o w rates i nt h ep i p e s
way o fe v a l u a t i n gt h e
is p r e s e n t e d .T h i sa l t e r n a t i v e
r a t e s may also be u s e d i n
m e t h o do fe v a l u a t i n gp i p ef l o w
problems5.2-6.
S e eF i g u r e5 . 1 2
a)
i n text
Flow r a t e s i n p i p e cs a l c u l a t e df r o m
l&
-l
l-
Q = -2AJ2gDhf/L
w h e r em i n o r
log
2.51~
DJ2gDhf / L
losses a r e p r e s e n t h
i n i t i a l l ye q u a t i n g
SUCCeSSiVe
. t o Zi-Z.
is d e t e r m i n e db y
and
making
J
c o r r e c t i o n s as i n C h a p t e r 4 (EXxample 4.2)
h
f i,J
i . e . Az = 2(CQ-F)/C Q/H
Estimate ZB = 8 0 . 0 m
43
AB
1st
80.00
correct ion
20.00
167.35
8.367
B Cl
-20.00
B C2
2.180
-43.61
-20.00
41.11
C
AB
2nd
correction
82.63
12.603
96.27
6.89
13.97
B Cl
93.11
2.006
13.11
-33.11
-53.43
-1.64
1.61
B C2
1.72
-57.01
-33.11
-14.17
17.30
similar c o r r e c t i o n s u n t i l
Afterfurther
CQ-F
< 0.1 l / s ,
f i n a l v a l u e s:
ZB = 91.48 m
Q (11s)
Pipe
AB
107.56
52.05
BC 1
l(b)
BC2
S o l u t i o nb ys o l v i n g
i nt h ef o r m
i nw h i c h
Q = AV = A
55.51
t h e e q u a t i o nh L
g ( Z -Z
A is d e t e r m i n e df r o m
hL
/(D
ALVZ
+
2gD
KmV a
2g
+ Km)=
B a r r ' s e q u a t i o n ,o rf r o m
Moody c h a r t , o r C o l e b r o o k - W h i t ee q u a t i o n .
I nt h ef o l l o w i n ge x a m p l e s
but the final solution
The
B a r r ' s e q u a t i o n is u s e d
is s i m i l a r t o t h a t of method a).
d i f f e r e n c e is d u e t o t h e d i f f e r e n t f r i c t i o n f a c t o r
44
formulae used.
Estimate ZB
80.0 m
v)
1
rl
E-
v)
00
m
m
00
Ev)
CV
Erl
rl
Q,
9
CV
CV
"0.
rl
W
I
CV
E-
R!
(D
2
rl
v)
CD
rl
R!
CV
Q,
R!
CV
rl
(D
cjl
01
F4
m.W
rl
Q,
(D
v)
"0.
W
rl
Q,
CV
E-
rl
rl
m
rl
0
rl
0
0
0
0
CV
I
rl
0
CV
E-
U"
v)
rl
rl
rl
00
Q,
00
v)
(D
'4
rl
v)
CV
'4
rl
v)
Q,
E-
v)
E-
(D
v)
CV
In
4
rl
v)
rl
EErl
CV
Q,
rl
Q,
Q,
Q,
CD
rl
P-
v)
1
rl
E-
1
m
'4
m.
0
00
01
c-
rl
00
rl
CV
rl
rl
CV
CV
9
CV
CV
U
"
U"
P-
CV
0
CV
Q,
Q,
0"
.l+
k
k
"0.
m.
.l+
2cu
5E
S
45
00
W
m
I
CV
00
W
Q,
rl
c9
m
m
CV
v)
rl
rr)
+
rl
rl
rl
F4
'4
rl
rl
"0.
rl
rl
0
0
c,
0
P-
9
0
CV
00
m. 9
1 '4
CO
rl
CV
W
00
9
0
CV
CV
Q,
P-
'4
1 "0. ?
rl
0
Q,
E-
1
rl
F i n a lv a l u e s
ZB = 91.58 m; QAB = 108.94 l f s ;
B
'C
= 52.78
lfs;
QBCz = 56.07 l f s
in text
5.S
2 eF
e i g u r 5e . 1 2
E q u i v a l e n ts y s t e m :
100
The e f f e c t o f t h e
inheadacross
pump i n BC1 i s e q u i v a l e n t t o t h e g a i n
BC1 p r o d u c e d b y l o w e r i n g t h e l e v e l o f t h e
r e s e r v o i r by t h e pump h e a d , i . e .
T h es y s t e m
5 m.
shown i n ( b ) is t h e r e f o r e a n a l y s e d
as i n
p r o b l e m 1 w i t hf i n a lv a l u e s :
ZB = 90.98 m;
QBc,
QAB = 1 1 0 . 8 2 l f s ;
= 55.03 l / s
i n text
5.3
SeF
e igur5
e.13
Method a s i n p r o b l e m
Estimate ZB
5.l(a)
= 90.0
46
QBcl
= 55.78 l f s ;
Pipe 'I-'J
I,J
(H)
ZJ
Junction
1st
9.806
A B
98.06 10.00
correction
-15.45
B5.563
C-111.27
-20.00
90.00
1%
B D1
-30.00
-83.54
2.785
B D2
-30.00
-58.60
1.953
QJH
*Zs
(m)
-155.35
20.107
2nd
correction
B
74.55
A B
25.45
158.89
6.243
B C
4.55
-51.96
11.420
B D1
-14.55
-57.67
B D2
-14.55
-39.88
2.741
3.963
9.38
0.77
24.367
C o n t i n u e ,a n df i n a l l y :
ZB = 7 5 . 3 1 m
QAB = 1 5 6 . 4 3 11s;
QBDl= 5 9 . 2 0
5.4
SeF
e igure
l/s;
5.14
= 40.98
BC ( 4 0 11s) is s i m p l y t r e a t e d
a t B.
Method as i n p r o b l e m
5.l(a)
E s t i m a t e ZB = 1 3 0 . 0 0 m
AZB = Z(C(Q-F)/C
l/s
i nt e x t
Note t h a t t h e f l o w a l o n g
a ne x t e r n a lo u t f l o w
QBc = 5 6 . 2 9 11s;
QIH)
47
as
Pipe
I,J
Junction
H (m)
(Z,-ZJ>
QIH
Q(l1s)
A B
20.00
126.32
6.316
D B
-40.00
-76.09
1.902
AZ ( m )
2.49
(1st c o r r e c t i o n )
50.23
8.218
Z J = 132.49
B
A B
17.51
117.69
6.722
D B
-42.49
-78.54
1.848
-0.2
(2ndcorrection)
39.15
8.570
C o n t i n u e ,a n df i n a l l y :
ZB = 132.3 m
QAB = 118 11s;
Flow r a t e s :
$D
78.4 11s
The pump i n BC is r e q u i r e d t o o v e r c o m e t h e d i f f e r e n c e
pressureheadelevationbetweentheendsofthepipe
( i . e . 145.0
132.3 = 12.7 m) i n a d d i t i o n
t o t h eh e a d
loss a l o n g t h e p i p e .
VBc
0.8148 m l s ;
R e = 2.884 X 105
U s i n g B a r r ' s e q u a t i o n ( o r Moody d i a g r a m )
0.01672 a n dh f
0.01672 X 4000 X 0.81482

19.62 X 0.25
= 9.05 m
..
Pump t o t a l h e a d ( H m ) = 12.7
Power
consumption,
P =
9.05
21.75 m
k~
w h e r e q = e f f i c i e n c y (decimal)
:.
P =
9.81 X 0.04 X 21.75

0.6
48
14.22 kW
in
S e eF i g u r e
5.5
Estimate ZB
Junction
5.15 i n t e x t
120.0 m;
Pipe
zJ
ZD = 9 0 . 0 m
120.00
1st c o r r e c t i o n
'I-'J
I,J
(=H)
AB
528.96
80.00
6.612
C B
-40.00
-122.83
3.071
-6.76
DB
-30.00
-494.52
16.484
C
D
AzJ
(11s)
(m>
-88.39
26.167
18.646B433.34
D
23.24
90.00D E
F D
-30.00
-170.77
5.692
10.20
-40.00
C
B
-122.83
3.071
139.74
27.409
6.361 A551.85
B
86.76
2nd c o r r e c t i o n
113.24
C B
B D
-33.24
-111.56
3.356
6.96
-13.04
-320.89
24.608
C
D
119.40
34.325
20.044
B 400.88
D
20.00
100.20
ED
-40.20
-198.78
4.945
4.61
F D
-50.20
-138.19
2.753
63.91
21.742
F i n a l v a l u e s:
ZB = 126.73 m; ZD = 109.41m; QAB = 505.30 1 1 s ;
%c
133.20 1 1 s ;
QBD = 372.10 1 1 s ;
QDE = 221.20 1 1 s ; 'QDF = 150.80 11s
49
text
See F i g u r e 5 . l 5 i n
5.6
E s t i m a t e ZB = 1 2 0 . 0 m ;
Junction
ZD = 9 0 . 0 m
Pipe
I,J
zJ
'I-'J
(=H)
(l/s)
Qm
AZJ
4.511
-13.80
A B 3.106
248.48
80.00
120.00B
C B
-180.45
-40.00
D B
5.220
-156.61
-30.00
C
12.837
-88.58
B D 6.970
112.92
16.20
E 90.00
-16.70
D 2.851
-85.55
-30.00
1st correct ion
F D
-138.25
-40.00
3.456
C
2.880
270.11
AB
106.20
93.80
C B
-26.20
-144.99
5.534
-5.86
D B
-32.90
-164.43
4.998
C
148.24
B D
27.04
E D
-13.30
-55.70
4.188
-1.64
F D
-23.30
-104.12
4.469
73.30
-110.88
13.277
13.412
-39.31
5.482
14.139
-11.58
F i n a lv a l u e s :
ZB = 1 0 0 . 1 9 m;
QBc
= 126.7
ZD = 7 1 . 7 1 m ;
QAB = 279 l / s ;
l/s; QBD = 1 5 2 . 4l / s ;
QDE = 5 2 . 1 l / s ;
QDF = 1 0 0 . 3 l / s
50
S eF
e igure
5.7
5.16 i n t e x t
Analysisbyheadbalancemethod.
r a t e s shown i n t a b l e
Initiallyestimatedpipeflow
below.
losses i n p i p e s c a l c u l a t e d f r o m t h e
Frictionhead
D a r c y - W e i s b a c he q u a t i o nw i t hf r i c t i o nf a c t o r ,
A determined
f r o mC o l e b r o o k - W h i t ee q u a t i o n .A l t e r n a t i v e l y
A c o u l d be
Moody d i a g r a m or B a r r s e q u a t i o n o r
obtainedfromthe
o t h e re x p l i c i tf o r m u l a .
A
1
AB
1.5
120.00
6.76
0.0146
27.14
0.2262
1st
BE
3.0
5.00
0.56
0.0215
0.89
0.1777
-10.94
correction EA
1.5
-80.00
A&
4.500.0152-15.070.1884
12.96 0.5923
BC
2.0
55.00
4.13
0.0158
31.20
0.5673
1st
CD
5.00
3.0
0.56
0.0215
0.89
0.1777
DE
2.0-35.002.630.0166-13.280.3793-7.54
El3
3.0
5.94
0.67
0.0208
1.21
0.2042
correction
AB
109.06
0.0147
6.14
22.57
0.2070
2nd
BE
0.0272
0.18
1.60
0.0719
0.12
-3.54
correction
2nd
correction
EA
CD
20.03 1.3285
3.470.4902
-90.94
5.12
0.0150
-19.22
0.2113
0.0246
-2.54
2.86
-0.26
0.1032
DE
-42.54
3.20
0.0162
-19.14
0.4499
-1.89
El3
0.0837
0.0261
0.16
0.22
1.94
C
51
4.291.1325
After further corrections
Pipe
5.8
(% <
Q (l/s)
0.01 m in any loop)
Junction
Head E l e v a t i o n ( m)
AB
104.8
39.03
F3
0.6
17.37
AE
95.2
18.14
BC
45.4
39.06
M=
4.6
ED
44.6
S e eF i g u r e5 . 1 7i nt e x t
I n i t i a l estimates of f l o w r a t e s :
1)
= 5 0 l / s ; QBE = 5 0 l / s ; QBDE = 1 0 0 11s

QBCE
D e t e r m i n e t h e flowrates i n BCE, BE a n d BDE
p r o c e d u r e a s i np r o b l e m5 . 7 .
BCE
1
2.0
6.0
50.0 0.0173
4.401
1.88
-50.0
0.088237
0.0192
2.25
0.1625
-8.123
7.4
-3.711
0.2507
BE 1.92
42.66.0
2
BCE
1
1.71
0.0194
-100.0
0.0159
3.22
2.15 57.4
-46.2
0.1398
5.958
-7.504
0.0750
-1.546
0.2148
3.6
0.01700.0995
5.713
2.08
0.1509
-6.971
0.0193
2.51
-1.258
0.2504
-7.0174
0.0728
BE 0.1434
6.2664
0.1941.9743.69
-96.40
3.10
0.0160
-0,7510 0.2167
52
1.74
F i n a l v a l u e s ( ChL < 0 . 0 1 m i n loop)

Pipe
Q(l/s)
hL(m)
BCE
61.98
6.58
BE
44.91
6.58
BDE
93.10
6.58
Flow r a t e i n AB = 2 0 0 1 1 s ( = QEF)
V = 1.258 m / s :
k / D = 0.00033.
T o t a lh e a d
loss
= 2 X
0.0165.
hf
2.96 m
2.96 + 6.58 = 1 2 . 5 m
text
5.S
9 eF
e i g u r 5e . 1 i6n
T h ep r o c e d u r e
R e = 5 . 0 1 ~ 1 50
is i d e n t i c a l w i t h t h a t
of P r o b l e m5 . 7e x c e p t
d r o p a l o n g BC i s h f
thatthenethead
Hp ( h f - 1 5 . 0 ) .
Solution:
Pipe
Q( 1/
S )
J u n c t iHoeneal d
evation
(m)
AB
106.4
38.50
EB
6.1
25.03
AE
93.6
24.77
BC
52.5
39.78
CD
2.5
ED
37.5
5 . 1 0S e F
e igur5
e . 1 8i n
text
I n i t i a l flow estimates shown i n t a b l e .
53
AB
3.0
120.00
6.76
0.0160
23.800.1983
BH
3.0
20.00
1.13
0.0192
0.300.0149
FG
4.0
-70.00
5.26
0.0170-36.260.5179
GA
3.0
-110.00
6.20
0.0161-15.090.1372
BC
-20.00
4.0
1.50
0.0189
-1.23
0.0617
15.32
50.00
0.0174
3.75
4.0
14.20
0.2840
30.00
4.0
2.25
0.0181
2.66
0.0886
-16.48
DH
-10.00
4.0
0.75
0.0208
-0.68
0.0679
HB
-35.32
3.0
1.99
0.0178
-0.86
0.0243
HD
0.0184
26.48
1.99
0.1590
4.21
4.0
DE
20.00
0.0189
1.50
4.0
0.0617
1.23
-4.23
EF
15.32
0.4648
3.06
0.3622
-20.00
4.0
1.50
0.0189
-2.47
0.1233
FH 0.0182
0.0238
0.09
0.35
4.68
4.0
F i n a l values:
Pipe
Flow r a t e ( l / s )
hL (m)
AB
136.41
30.56
l3H
56.57
2.09
HF
2.51
0.03
GF
53.59
21.62
AG
93.59
11.06
BC
29.84
5.26
CD
9.84
0.33
HD
24.06
3.49
54
0 . 6DE
2
13.90
4 . 0FE
9
26.10
Junction
H e a d Elevation (m) 69.44
See Figure5.19
5.11
64.18
63.85
63.22
67.31
88.94
67.34
in text
Create a 'dunmy' p i p e between A & F with zero flaw and constant head
loss of -10 m.
AB
2.4
100.00
4.51
0.016
13.54
0.1354
BE
7.5
20.00
1.13
0.0211
0.65
0.0327
EF
2.4
-40.00
1.80
0.0176
-1.91
0.0476
FA
0.00
BC
4.51
80.00
7.5
CD
10.0
20.00
0.0215
2.81
1.50
DE
10.0
-60.00
4.51
0.0203
FB
7.5
-14.70
0.83
0.0218
-0.36
0.0000
2.28
0.2157
0.1586
0.0192
12.69
0.1404
-10.00
-31.81
0.0248
-16.67
0.8539
4.2794.70
0.016
12.14
0.1282
BE
0.28 4.94
0.0268
0.05
0.0099
EF
2.04
-45.30
0.0174
-2.42
0.0533
-10.00
BC
0.1771
15.89
0.0191
5.0689.76
2
29.76
2.23
0.0210
0.37
0.2040
6.07
DE
-50.24
3.77
0.0205
EB
-5.53 0.0253
0.31
C
55
9.76
0.5301
AB
FA
-5.3
-22.52
0.4483
-0.06
0.0010
-0.61
0.8404
0.59
Final values:
Pipe
Junction
H e a d (m)
(lis)
hL (m)
AB
95.31
12.30
BE
5.17
0.05
FE
44.69
2.35
BC
90.14
16.03
CD
30.14
6.20
FD
49.86
22.18
BE
5.17
0.05
87.70
71.67
56
D
65.48
E
87.66
90.00
5.12. All the matrixes and vectors needed for the
Gradient are (see Fig.5.18) :

NT = 10
NN=7
NS = 1
[ ~ 1 2 ] = Connectivity
(10
7)
1
-
0
1
0
0
matrix; its dimension is
0
0
0
0
1
0
57
0
O
7 -1)
[A211 = Transposed matrix of [A121
0
0
1
-
0
1
1 - 1 - 1
-1
0
/
[A101 = Topologic matrix node to node;

dimension (10
[Q]=
1).
Discharges vector; dimension (10
[ H ] = Unknown piezometric head

dimension (7
1) .
vector;
1) .
[H01 = Fixed piezometric head vector;

dimension (1
1) .
[q] = Water demand vector; dimension (7

58
1) .
[Q]
[HI
(m3/s)
(m)
-1
-1
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.03
59
[NI = Diagonal matrix; dimension (10
10). It
has 2 in the diagonal (Darcy-Weisbach head loss

equation) .
60
[l'
= Identity matrix; dimension (10
10).
61
First i t e r a t i o n :
The previous matrixes

a l l theiterations.
and vectors are valid for
The followingmatrixes
change i n each i t e r a t i o n .
[All]
= Diagonalmatrix;dimension
1 0 ) . I t has the value
C l i Q i ("i -l) on
the diagonal; coefficients

yOare zero as
(10
and
no pumps e x i s t i n t h e
network .
The following table
shows the calculated values
for a.
AB
16.691
3.1831
0.01615
1669.1
0.116.691
BH
0.1
HF
0.1
5.6588
0.01661
2!7.223
2122.3
21.223
FG
0.1
5.6588
0.01667
7'2.593
1259.3
12.593
GA
0.1
3.1831
1.2.518
0.01615
BC
0.1
CD
0.1
625.9
12.518
6.259
1251.8
1 !; 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
54.445
0.01667
5.6588
0.01667
5.6588
54.445
2722.3
21.223
21.223
0.01667
5.6588
5444.5
54.445
54.445
0,01667
5.6588
62
54.445
54.445
5444.5
5444.5
5.6588
0.0
62.59
272.23
725.93
125.18
544.45
272.23
544.45
272.23
544.45
J
[A1 l]' = Diagonal matrix; dimension (10 X 10) It

has the value CXiQi ("i -l) on t.he diagonal.
63
For this network [All1 = [ A l l ] .
166.91
62.59
272.23
725.93
125.18
544.45
272.23
544.45
272.23
544.45
To find Hi+l by equation (5.17) following a step

by step analysis, the following matrixes can be
found :
333.82
125.18
544.46
1451.86
250.36
1088.9
544.46
1088.9
544.46
1088.9
64
0.0030
0.0080
0.0018
0.0007
0.0040
0.0009
0.0016
0.0009
0.0018
0.0009
0.0000
0.0000
[A211 ([NI [AI l] ,

)-l
0.0030 -0.00800.00000.0000
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0,0000 0.0000
0.0000 -0.0009 0.00000.0000
0.0009 -0.0016 0.00000.0000
0.00000.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0018 -0.0009 -0.0018 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0018 -0.0009
0.0018 -0,0007 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0009
0.0007 -0.0040 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0009
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0080-0.0018
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
65
0.0119-0.0009
0.0000
-0.00090.0028-0.0018
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 -0.0080
0.0000
0.0000
0.00000.0000
0.0000
0.0000 -0.0009
0.0000 -0.0018 0.0046 -0.0018
0.0000
0.0000 -0.0018 0.0028 -0.0009
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 -0.0009 0.0034 -0.0007 -0.0018
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 -0.00070.0047
-0.0080 0.0000 -0.0009 0.0000 -.0.0018 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0107
-292.9808
-276.7546
-268.6414
-253.7233
-223.8870
-33.0090
-279.3314
-276.7546
-865.4164
-616.2691
-515.6369
-314.3725
-46.3498
-312.5402
-268.6414
-616.2691
-790.0829
-646.5936
-359.6152
-53.0202
-329.1446
-253.7233
-515.6369
-646.5936
-938.0765
-434.0857
-63.9998
-318.5133
-223.8870
-314.3725
-359.6152
-434.0857
-583.0267
-85.9591
-297.2507
-33.0090
-46.3498
-53.0202
-63.9998
-85.9591
-226.3487
-43.0254
-279.3314
-312.5402
-329.1446
-318.5133
-297.2507
-43.8254
-380.0384
66
[A1 11[Q]
16.691
-100
-83.309
6.259
6.259
27.223
27.223
72.593
72.593
12.520
100
112.520
54.445
54.445
27.223
27.223
54.445
54.445
27.223
27.223
54.445
54.445
/
( [ A 2 1 ( [ N ] [A1 q
-')*
-0.29957
-0.1(
-0.19957
0.02000
0.00
0.02000
-0.03000
-0.10
0.07000
0.04000
0.00
0.04000
0.08000
0.10
-0.02000
-0.35942
0.00
-0.35942
0.08000
J
0.10
-0.02000
\
67
Thus,
To find
Node
(m)
45. ,615
2.955
-7.486
-4.879
43.890
83.206
42.642
Qi+lby equation (5.18) following a step
found :
68
45.615
-54.385
-0.16292
-2.9723
-2.9723
-0.02374
1.2478
1.2478
0.00229
39.316
39.316
0.02708
-83.206
16.794
0.06708
-42.66
-42.66
-0.03918
-10.441
-10.441
-0,01918
50.128
50.128
0.04604
2.6066
2.6066
0.00479
48.769
0.04479
.48.769
69
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0 .5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
' i
r
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0 5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
70
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
71
Thus,
Q @/S)
Pipe
AB
0.21292
BH
0.07374
HF
0.04771
FG
0.02292
GA
-0.01708
BC
0.08918
CD
0.06918
DH
0.00396
DE
0 .. 04521
EF
0 ., 00521
72
A f t e r only s i xi t e r a t i o n s
thefollowingarethe
r e s u l t s : [m]
Iter 1
Iter 0
Iter 2
Iter 3
Node B
45.61E
72.944
Node C
2.95E
69.080
Node D
-7.486
71.397
63.924
Node E
-4.874
73.308
63.301
Node F
43.891:
75.484
67.39C
Node G
83.206
96.082
88.981
Node H
42.642
71.946
67.418
73
Iter 4
Iter 5
69.630
64.255
63.924
63.301
67.390
88.981
67.418
65.287
63.941
63.345
67.408
88.985
67.414
Iter 6
69.511
69.511
64.252
64.252
65.645
64.774
68.069
89.075
67.685
Pipe discharges [m3/sl
Iter 0
lPipe
Iter 1
Iter 2
Iter 3
Iter 4
Iter 5
Iter 6
AB
0.10
0.21292
0.14599
0.13665
0.13641
0.1363E
0.13638
BH
0.10
0.07374
0.04744
0.05451
0.05642
0.0565:
0.05655
HF
0.10
0.04771
0.01080
FG
0.10
0.02292
-0.04401
-0.0533:
-0,05359
-0.05362
-0.05362
GA
0.10
-0.0170E
-0.08401
-0.0933:
-0,09359
-0.09361
-0.09362
BC
0.10
0.0891E
0.04855
0.03211
0.02998
0.02984
0.02983
CD
0.10
0.0691E
0.02855
0.01212
0.00998
0.00984
DH
0.10
0.00396
-0.00664
-0.02441
-0.02400
-0.02404
DE
0.10
0.04521
0.01519
0.01655
0.01398
0.10
0.00521
-0.02481
-0.02342
EF
0.O O O l C
Finally,
64.253
88.981
67.418
74
0.00243
-0.02602
0.0025C
0.0138E
-0.02612
0.00251
0.00983
-0.02405
0.01387
-0.02613
Q (m3/ S
Pipe
IQI
(Us)
AB
BH
136.38
0.056551
0.13638
56.55
HF
2.51
FG
-0.05362
GA
-0.09362
0.00251
53.62
93.62
I
BC
CD
29.83
DH
0.02983
0.009831
-0.02405
24.05
I
DE
5 . 1 3 . All the
EF
9.83
13.87
matrixes
-0.026131
and
NT = 7
NN=5
NS = 1
75
26.13
vectors
the Gradient are (see Fig.5 . 3 ) :
0.01387
needed
for
[A121 =
(10
C o n n e c t i v i t y matrix; its dimension is
7).
F
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
[&l] = Transposed matrix of [A121
r-
-1
-1
-1
-1
1
0
[A101 = Topologic matrix node to node;

dimension (7
1).
76
:1
-1
0
1
[Q]=
Discharges vector; dimension (7
[ H ] = Unknown piezometric head vector;

dimension (5
1) .
[H01 = Fixed piezometric head vector;

dimension (1
1) .
[q] = Water demand vector; dimension

(5
1).
77
1) .
-1
IN]
F 0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
-1
0.1
0.1
= Diagonal matrix; dimension (7
7) . It has
2 in the diagonal (Darcy-Weisbach head loss

equation) .
78
[ I ] = Identity matrix; dimension (7
7).
First iteration:
The previous matrixes
and vectors are
valid for
all the iterations. The following matrixes

change in each iteration.
[All] = Diagonal matrix; dimension (7
7).
It has the value aiQi ("i -l) on the

diagonal; coefficients
and yare
zero as no pumps exist in the

network .
79
The following table shows the calculated values for
a.
80.916
1088.9
2943.3
1088.9
1088.9
83.454
2943.3
80
[All] = Diagonal matrix; dimension (10

has the value aiQi ("i
10) . It
on the diagonal.
For this network [A1 l]' = [All].
80.916
1088.9
2943.3
1088.9
1088.9
83.454
81
To find Hi+l by equation (5.17) following a step

found :
161.832
2177.8
5886.6
2177.8
2177.8
166.908
5886.6
0.00618
0.00046
0.00017
0.00046
0.00046
0.00599
0.00017
82
[A211([NI [A 111-I
f
0
0.00618
-0.00046
0.00046
-0.00017
-0.00017
0.00017
0.00017 -0.00046
0.00046
-0.00046
0.00599
0.00046
[A211([NI [A1 ll)-l [A121
0.00681
-0.00046
-0.00046
0.00063
-0.00017
-0.00017
0
0
-0.00017
0.00063
-0.00046
-0.00017
-0.00046
0.00109
-0,00046
83
0.00645
-0.00046
-151.6146
-131.0258
-81.3150
-60.1262
-4.3309
-131.0258-1896.0613-113.4514
-358.5138
-25.5121
-81.3150-113,4514-2646.2911-1164.5144-83.0506
-60.1262-358.5138-1164.5144
-4.3309
-25.5121
-83.0506
84
-1462.3621-104.2925
-104.2925
-162.4161
[A1 11 [Q]
r
8.092
-70
-61.908
108.890
108.890
294.330
294.330
108.890
108.890
108.890
108.890
8.345
-70
-61.655
294.330
294.330
c
-0.42255
-0.1
-0.32255
0.04000
0.04000
0.03000
0.03000
0.10000
0.1
0.00000
-0.27939
0.2
-0.47939
85
&
Thus,
758.758
86
TO find Qi+l by equation (5.18) following a Step

found :
44.997
-25.003
-0.1545
-87.749
-87.749
-0.04029
-1.7206
-1.7206
-0.00029
64.698
64.698
0.02971
55.533
55.533
0.0255
75.758
5.7584
0.0345
-24.772
c
-24.772
L
87
-0.00421
c
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
88
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
c
Thus,
89
After only seven iterations the following are

the results : [m]
~~
Iter 0
Iter 1
Node B
0 -42.75;
Node C
Node D
Node E
~~
Iter 2
Node F
Iter 4
Iter 5
Iter 6
Iter 7
54.467
56.288
56.693
56.294
22.703
31.637
32.899
31.650
34.547
~
Iter 3
30.183
36.381
44.009
36.834
68.064
63.423
30.124
40.668
36.795
63.654
63.418
P i p e discharges [ m 3 / s ]
Iter 1
Iter 2
Iter 3
Iter 4
Iter 7
Pipe
Iter 0
AB
0.10
0.20450 0.15155 0.13176 0.13160 0.13156
BC
0.10
0.09029
0.06123 0.04801
CD
0.10
0.05029
0.02123
DE
0.10
0,02029 .O.0087: -0.02195 -0.0233f -0.02346 -0,02341 -0.02346
EF
0.10
0.02450 .O.02845 -0.04824 -0.0484( -0.04844 -0.04844 -0.04844
AF
0.10
0.01550 D . 06845
0.08824
BE
0.10
0.05421 D . 03032
0.02375 0.02498 0.02502 0.02502 0.02502
Iter 5
0.13156 0.13156
0.04662 0.04654 0.04654 0.04654
0.00801 0.00662 0.00654
90
Iter 6
0.00654 0.00654
0.08840 0.08844 0.08844 0.08844
Finally,
Node
Head
I: :
(m)
56.2941
31.650
36.795
30.1241
6y.4181
14.795
10.1241
38.4181
P 1
I
DE
131.561
I -0.02346'I
23.461
0.13156
0.02502
91

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CHAPTER 5

Pipe network analysis

ZB = 91.58 m; QAB = 108.94 l f s ;

0.01672 X 4000 X 0.81482

9.81 X 0.04 X 21.75

QDE = 221.20 1 1 s ; 'QDF = 150.80 11s

1st correct ion

After further corrections

0.01 m in any loop)

= 5 0 l / s ; QBE = 5 0 l / s ; QBDE = 1 0 0 11s

F i n a l v a l u e s ( ChL < 0 . 0 1 m i n loop)

I n i t i a l flow estimates shown i n t a b l e .

H e a d Elevation (m) 69.44

5.12. All the matrixes and vectors needed for the

Gradient are (see Fig.5.18) :

matrix; its dimension is

[A211 = Transposed matrix of [A121

[A101 = Topologic matrix node to node;

Discharges vector; dimension (10

[ H ] = Unknown piezometric head

[H01 = Fixed piezometric head vector;

[q] = Water demand vector; dimension (7

[NI = Diagonal matrix; dimension (10

has 2 in the diagonal (Darcy-Weisbach head loss

= Identity matrix; dimension (10

The previous matrixes

and vectors are valid for

the diagonal; coefficients

shows the calculated values

[A1 l]' = Diagonal matrix; dimension (10 X 10) It

For this network [All1 = [ A l l ] .

To find Hi+l by equation (5.17) following a step

[A211 ([NI [AI l] ,

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 -0.0009 0.00000.0000

0.0009 -0.0016 0.00000.0000

0.0018 -0.0009 -0.0018 0.0000

0.0018 -0,0007 0.0000 0.0000

0.0007 -0.0040 0.0000

0.0000 -0.0018 0.0046 -0.0018

0.0000 -0.0018 0.0028 -0.0009

0.0000 0.0000 -0.0009 0.0034 -0.0007 -0.0018

0.0000 0.0000 -0.00070.0047

-0.0080 0.0000 -0.0009 0.0000 -.0.0018 0.0000

Qi+lby equation (5.18) following a step

by step analysis, the following matrixes can be

Pipe discharges [m3/sl

the Gradient are (see Fig.5 . 3 ) :

C o n n e c t i v i t y matrix; its dimension is

[&l] = Transposed matrix of [A121

[A101 = Topologic matrix node to node;

Discharges vector; dimension (7

[ H ] = Unknown piezometric head vector;

[H01 = Fixed piezometric head vector;

[q] = Water demand vector; dimension

= Diagonal matrix; dimension (7

2 in the diagonal (Darcy-Weisbach head loss

[ I ] = Identity matrix; dimension (7

The previous matrixes

and vectors are

all the iterations. The following matrixes

[All] = Diagonal matrix; dimension (7