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Outcomes
After completing this experiment, the student should be able to:
1. Demonstrate their understanding of qualitative analysis.
2. Determine anion in an unknown using chemical methods.
3. Confirm their results with confirmatory qualitative tests.
Introduction
Students will use qualitative methods learned in previous experiment to determine anions in
two unknowns. Teaching Assistant/Instructor will provide two unknowns. Each will contain
one unknown anion.
Safety Precautions
Handle all the chemicals in this experiment with care. Avoid getting AgNO3 on skin or clothing; it
will stain dark-brown or black. Be especially careful when handling concentrated sulfuric acid,
H2SO4. It is one of the strongest and most corrosive concentrated acids. If any skin contact occurs,
wash with large amounts of water. If instructed to sample odors, do not inhale deeply, gently waft the
fumes toward your nose. Wear your safety glasses at all times which is required for all
experiments in which you use chemicals.
Apparatus
Test tubes, test tube rack, test tube holder, stirring rods, pH paper, Bunsen burner, lead acetate paper,
centrifuge, 10-mL graduated cylinder, ring stand and clamp, boiling water bath, ice water bath and
spatula.
Experimental Procedure
You may use flowchart on next page or procedure used in previous experiment to determine
anion in your unknown.
63
SO42
PO43
SCN
Cl
Br
NO3 CH3COO
Gas evolution
(bubbles):
unknown is CO32
White precipitate:
positive
PO43 or SO42
Confirming test:
add 6 drops 6M HCl
Precipitate
dissolves:
PO43
No precipitate:
negative
Groups 3 or 4
present
Precipitate does
not dissolve:
SO42
Positive: white or
yellow(ish)
precipitate
White ppt:
Unknown is SCN or
Cl
Yellow(ish) ppt:
Unknown is Br or I
Do confirmatory test
as given in previous
experiment for I and
Br
No colour:
unknown is Cl
confirming test for
Cl-
63
UNKNOWN 1
ID ___________________
Write down your observations in the boxes given in the following table. You must submit this sheet to your instructor before leaving the lab.
CO32
SO42
PO43 SCN
Cl
Br
NO3
CH3COO
Group Test
Group
Test
Observation
Test
Observation
Conclusion
Anion
Present
1
Acid-volatile
2
Barium
precipitate
3
Silver
precipitate
group
4
Soluble
group
63
UNKNOWN 2
ID ___________________
Write down your observations in the boxes given in the following table. You must submit this sheet to your instructor before leaving the lab.
CO32
SO42
PO43 SCN
Cl
Br
NO3
CH3COO
Group Test
Group
Test
Observation
Conclusion
Test
Observation
Conclusion
Anion
Present
1
Acid-volatile
2
Barium
precipitate
3
Silver
precipitate
group
4
Soluble
group
63