NH HNG CA HP CHT LY TRCH

T CY NEEM (Azadirachta indica )S

DNG TRONG IU TR BNH THY
SN N CHT LNG MI TRNG
NC AO NUI

Ch nhim ti:
TS. Nguyn Thanh Bnh
Bnh Dng, ngy 8/10/2016

1. TNH CP THIT CA TI
Azadirachta indica l loi thc vt thng xanh
thuc chi Azadirachta (chu , chu Phi v cc
vng c kh hu nhit i; thng c gi l
Neem, Nim, Indian lilac, Paradise tree)
Chit xut t l cy neem (Neem leave
extraction_NLE) l sn phm dng dung dch c
ngun gc t l cy Neem, cha nhiu hp cht
c tc dng phng tr bnh giun sn cho ngi,
gia sc v thy sn (Ridvan Kizilkaya v ctv;
Nguyn Th nh Tuyt (2002) )
2

 Mt s hp cht ha hc c phn chit t

meliantriol, salanin, triterpenoids, nimocinolide v
azadirachtin trong vic kim sot nhim k sinh trng
(Sharma Pankaj et all, 2011).
Liu cao khng gy tc ng trn c, th nhai li (L
Th Kim Phng, Bi Cch Tuyn v ccv (2010)

 Dc cht chit xut t Neem c hiu qu chng li

mt lot cc dch bnh ng vt bao gm vi khun, n
bo, k sinh trng v cc iu kin khc nh nhim
trng tuyn trng tiu ha v cn trng (Innocent Oboh
v ctv, 2009)
Tn d khng sinh trn sn phm c, nhim mi
trng khng sinh nc thi thy sn ng nguy hi
trong mi trng chn nui.

Cc tc ng v mt mi trng cha c nghin

cu v chng minh tnh thn thin vi mi trng ca
vic s dng cc sn phm ny.

2. MC TIU TI

Kho st, nh gi nh hng n cc thng

s cht lng nc ca vic s dng hp cht
trch ly t cy Neem tr bnh c da trn.
Kho st tc ng n h sinh vt trong ao
nui
nh hng n hiu qu iu tr bnh trn c

3. I TNG, PHM VI NGHIN CU

3.1. i tng nghin cu:
Cc thng s cht lng mi trng nc,
cc yu t sinh hc v bnh trn c da trn.
3.2. Phm vi nghin cu:
Nghin cu thc hin ti ao nui c da trn
s dng hp cht ly trch t cy Neem trn a
bn phng Tng Bnh Hip, thnh ph Th
Du Mt, tnh Bnh Dng.
6

6. NI DUNG - PHNG PHP

NGHIN CU
Ni dung 1: Tng quan v cy Neem, hot
cht Azadirachtin v cc ng dng
1.1. Thu thp, tng hp ti liu v cy Neem
v cc hot cht c ly trch t cy Neem
1.2. Hot tnh, c tnh ca azadirachtin
1.3. ng dng ca cc hp cht ly trch t cy
Neem trong tr bnh trn thy sn

Ni dung 2: nh gi nh hng ca hp cht

ly trch t l cy Neem n cht lng nc
ao nui
2.1. Kho st, nh gi v xy dng mng li
ly mu
2.2. Tin hnh ly mu, phn tch cc thng s
cht lng nc,
2.3. nh gi tc ng mi trng i vi mi
trng nc ti cc ao nui do vic s dng
hp cht ly trch t cy Neem tr bnh trn
c da trn
8

Ni dung 3: nh gi nh hng ca hp cht ly

trch t l cy Neem n cc yu t sinh hc
trong ao nui
3.1. Tin hnh ly mu sinh vt bao gm: thc vt
ni, ng vt ni, ng vt y khng xng sng
c ln vo cc thi im ly mu nc.
3.2. Phn tch xc nh thnh phn loi, s lng
loi
3.3. nh gi mc tc ng n cc yu t
sinh hc trong ao nui do vic s dng hp cht
ly trch t cy Neem.
9

Ni dung 4: nh gi hiu qa tr bnh trn

c tra sau khi s dng hp cht ly trch cy
neem
- M khm c
- Ghi nhn cc bnh l trn lm sng
- So snh hiu qu tr bnh trn c

10

PHNG PHP

2.1.1. Phng php iu tra kho st v

thu thp d liu

11

2.2.2. Phng php ly mu v phn tch, nh gi cht

lng nc
Phng php ly mu nc
Tn sut ly mu
Tn sut ly mu: 1 tun/ln trc v sau khi tin hnh th
nghim.
Tng s t ly mu l 08 t, bao gm 3 t trc khi s
dng hot cht Neem v 5 t sau khi s dng hot cht
Neem.
V tr ly mu, s lng mu
V tr: ly mu ti 4 mt ct ca ao nui mu c tnh i
din
Mi mt ct ly 1 mu su 0,5m
Tng s lng mu: 32 mu.
12

2.2.2.2. Phng php o c, phn tch

Cc thng s ha l o c ti hin trng: pH,
nhit , EC, SS, trong
Cc thng s phn tch trong phng th nghim:
COD, N--_NO3-, P_PO4313

2.2.2. Phng php ly mu sinh vt ch th

Phng php ly mu sinh vt
Tn sut ly mu
Tn sut ly mu: 14 ngy/ln trc v sau
khi tin hnh th nghim.
Tng s t ly mu: l 05 t, trc v sau
khi s dng hot cht Neem
Thi gian ly mu: thu trong khong t 7
gi 10 gi sng.
V tr ly mu, s lng mu
V tr: ly mu ti 4 mt ct ca ao nui
mu c tnh i din
Mi mt ct ly 1 mu su 0,5m
14

Phng php m khm

15

 Phng php x l s liu

S dng MS Excel lu kt qu o c/phn
tch theo tng t mu
Phn tch d liu: tnh gi tr trung bnh, phng
sai
V biu th hin kt qu

16

KT QU V THO LUN

3.1. nh gi s nh hng ca hot cht

Neem n cht lng nc ao nui
3.1.1. Cc thng s ha l
Control

pH
SD (m)
SS
(mg/L)
COD
(mg/L)

Week 2nd

Week 4th

Week 6th

Week 8th

Week
10th

5.340.3
5.280.02 5.350.27 5.440.16 4.970.34 5.250.39
6
0.330.0
0.450.02 0.300.01 0.210.01 0.280.04 0.160.05
2
61.004.
66.752.7 49.001.4 40.001.6 46.253.5 39.504.2
08

28.302.
15.581.2 27.233.9 23.856.8 30.257.8
85

Nguyen Thanh Binh and Nguyen Thi Khanh Tuyen, 2016

NA

17

3.1.1.1.pH

Nguyen Thanh Binh and Nguyen Thi Khanh Tuyen, 2016

Hnh 3.1. Bin ng pH ti ao nui

qua cc t mu

18

vic s dng hot cht Neem khng

nh hng n pH ca nc ao nui,
do cc loi thy sinh vt sng
trong ao nui khng b nh hng
ln do pH l mt trong nhng yu t
sinh thi nh hng n s sinh
trng ca chng.

19

3.1.1.2. trong (SD)

Nguyen Thanh Binh and Nguyen Thi Khanh Tuyen, 2016

Hnh 3.2. Bin ng SD ti ao

nui qua cc t mu.
20

Kt qu cho thy trong SD tng nh

trong ln ly mu th 4.
Tuy nhin, sau , gi tr su a
Secchi gim dn trong cc ln ly mu
tip theo.
iu ny cho thy trong ca nc ao
nui c ci thin sau khi b sung hot
cht Neem.

21

3.1.1.3. TSS

Nguyen Thanh Binh and Nguyen Thi Khanh Tuyen, 2016

Hnh 3.3. Bin ng SS ti ao nui

qua cc t mu
22

Gi tr SS trung bnh ca 3 ln mu trc khi s dng

hot cht Neem l 63,25 mg/L vi khong dao ng t 55
74 mg/L. Kt qu ln ly mu th 4 thc hin sau khi b
sung hot cht neem hm lng SS tng, tuy nhin n
ln ly mu th 5 th hm lng SS gim ng k, gim
n 17,75 mg/L. Cc ln ly mu tip theo, lng SS tip
tc gim, ring ln th 7 gi tr o c tng ln, nhng
nhn chung vn thp hn so vi gi tr o c ca 3 ln
ly mu u tin (cha s dng hot cht chit xut t
neem). iu ny cho thy hiu qu x l ca hot cht
ny i vi cc thnh phn l lng trong nc (khong
23%).

3.1.2. Cc thng s ha hc

Nguyen Thanh Binh and Nguyen Thi Khanh Tuyen, 2016

Hnh 3.4. Bin ng COD ti

ao nui qua cc t mu
24

Nhn chung, hm lng COD ca ao nui

trc v sau khi s dng hot cht Neem thay
i ng k theo hng tch cc. Xt theo gi
tr trung bnh ca 3 ln ly mu u tin so vi
nhng ln ly mu tip theo, hm lng COD
gim t 34,21 mg/L xung 25,04 mg/L (27%)
nu khng tnh ln 8 v 30,1 mg/L (12%) nu
tnh trung bnh c ln 8.
25

N-NO3-

Hnh 3.5. Bin ng N-NO3- ti ao

nui qua cc t mu.
26

Kt qu cho thy, nng nitrat trong

ao nui cng c xu hng gim sau khi
hot cht Neem c a vo ao nui.

27

3.2. nh gi s nh hng ca hot

cht Neem n thnh phn ng vt
khng
xng
sng
c
ln

28

Tn sut (%)

3.2.1. nh hng ca hot cht Neem

n thnh phn Protozoa
Biu tn sut xut hin loi Protozoa
trc khi s dng hp cht cy Neem.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

100

67

67

58

25

25

Tn loi

Thi Th Ngc Ca v CTV, 2016

Hnh 3.7. Biu tn sut loi Protozoa

trc khi s dng hp cht cy Neem.

29

Tn sut (%)

Biu tn sut xut hin loi Protozoa

sau khi s dng hp cht cy Neem.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

100

63

63
50

25

25

Tn loi

Thi Th Ngc Ca v CTV, 2016

Hnh 3.8. Biu tn sut loi Protozoa

sau khi s dng hp cht cy Neem.

30

vic s dng hp cht ly trch cy

neem vo tr bnh c tra khng
nh hng n thnh phn loi
protozoa sinh trng trong ao.

31

PHIU SINH THC VT

Ao

Ngnh
S loi

T l (%)

To mt
To lam
To lc

3
3
2

37.5
37.5
25

Tng

100

Hnh 3.9. T l thnh phn loi phytoplankton c

pht hin trong cc t ly mu
32

34

35

3.5. nh gi hiu qu tr bnh

trn c tra

36

37

4. KT LUN
1. Vic s dng hot cht ly trch t neem c kh
nng tc ng tch cc n cht lng nc ao nui.
2. Tt c cc thng s ao nui u nm trong gii
hn cho php ca thng t 44/2010/TT-BNNPTNT
quy nh v iu kin c s, vng nui c tra thm
canh m bo an ton v sinh thc phm v QCVN
02 - 20 : 2014/BNNPTNT quy chun k thut quc
gia v c s nui c tra (Pangasianodon
hypophthalmus Sauvage, 1878) trong ao iu kin
bo m v sinh th y, bo v mi trng v an ton
thc phm.
40

3. loi ng vt khng xng sng c ln l:

Nephthys sp, Corbicula sp, Melanoides tuberculata ; v
cc loi protozoa l: Anisonema spec, Euglena acus,
Phacus pleuronectes, Trachelomonas armata,
Trachelomonas spec, Volvox.
T nhng c s trn cho thy vic s dng hp
cht ly trch cy neem vo tr bnh cho c tra khng
nh hng n ng vt khng xng sng c ln v
protozoa tn ti trong ao.
4. Khng pht hin cc yu t gy bnh trn c th
c tra sau khi s dng hp cht neem

41

7. SN PHM
2 Bi bo khoa hc: VAST- Vin Hn Lm
Khoa hc CN Vit Nam- ISSN: 0866-708X,
K yu Khoa hc H Th Du Mt
1 Bo co tng kt ti, 5 chuyn
Hng dn sinh vin: 2 i hc
2 Hi tho khoa hc: 1 quc t, 1 hi ngh
Nghin cu khoa hc sinh vin )
Thnh tch vt tri: gii 3 Ti nng khoa hc
tr i hc Th Du Mt
42

8. HIU QU
Phc v cng tc o to sinh vin theo ngnh
Khoa hc mi trng.
C hiu qu trong cng tc pht trin din tch
nui c da trn
L c s khoa hc cho nhng nhin cu ng dng
v hp cht ly trch neem trong nui thy sn
Gp phn m bo an ton trong chn nui thy
sn theo hng sch v bn vng cng ng.
43

Cm n s lng
nghe ca hi ng

44