tl

khfhzj;jpd;
kPdt
tsq;fSf;fhd
,iz
Kfhikj;Jt
nraw;ghL
xd;iw
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
tl
khfhzj;jpy;
cs;s kPdt mikg;Gf;fspd; gq;fspg;G kw;Wk;
xj;Jiog;Gf;fis fz;lwptjw;fhd jfty; jpul;L

tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd; ,izaj;jpd; ,iz

Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;Lf;fhd kPdt mikg;Gf;fspd;
cj;jpNahfg;G+u;tkhd nraw;ghLfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;w Kaw;rp

Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk;

,y.10> ky;tj;j tPjp> ePu;nfhOk;G
Njh.Ng. 94312239750
01

mwpf;if njhFg;G:
1. `u;kd; Fkhu- Njrpa mikg;ghsu;> Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G
,af;fk;
2. md;ldp N[Rjh]d;- jpl;l ,izg;ghsu;- Njrpa kPdt
xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk;

jfty; toq;fpatu;fs;:
1. N.V. Rg;ukzpak;- nrayhsu;> tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;
,izak;
2. M. Myk;- jiytu;> tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu; ,izak;
3. K. uh[re;jpud;$l;LwTr;rq;fk;

jiytu;>

fhiuefu;

flw;nwhopy;

4. gpuhd;rp]; N[hrg;- cg jiytu;> tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;

,izak;
5. N[Rjh]d; vl;tl;- ehr;rpFlh kPdtu;rq;f cWg;gpdu;
6. ngdbf; f;&];- ,izg;ghsu;> kd;dhu; khtl;lk;
7. vd;. ,d;gehafk;- ,izg;ghsu;> aho; khtl;lk;

02

cs;slf;fk;:
1. gpd;dzp....................................................................

05

2. tl
khfhzj;jpy;
nraw;gLk;
tl
khfhz
flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd;
,izaj;NjhL
Neubahf
,ize;J nraw;gLk; mikg;gfspd; gl;bay; kw;Wk;
mitfs; njhlu;ghd jfty;fs; .....................................

09

3. kPdtr; rq;fq;fs; gue;J fhzg;gLk; tpjk; my;yJ

gpuNjrk; ................................................................................

10

4. tl khfhzj;jpy; nraw;gLk; flw;nwhopy; mikg;Gf;fs;

kw;Wk; mitfspd; cj;jpNahg;G+u;t gpd;dzp kw;Wk;
jfty;fs; .............................................................................

12

4.1 mikg;gpd; fl;likg;G..................................................

12

4.2 mikg;G nraw;gLfpd;w rl;lgpd;dzp........................

14

4.3 tl khfhzj;jpy; nraw;gLk; kPdt mikg;Gfspd;

cgtpjp(ahg;G) njhlu;ghd cWjpepiy my;yJ
ahg;G uPjpapyhd fhuzpfs;........................................

16

4.4 kPdt
mikg;Gf;fspy;
jPu;khdk;
vLf;Fk;
mZFKiw ................................................................

22

03

5. tl khfhzj;jpy; ,aq;Fk; kPdt mikg;Gfs; Clhf

kPdt kf;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; Nritfs;.....................

23

5.1. kPdt kf;fis ghjpf;fpd;w gpur;rpidfspd;NghJ

mikg;Gf;fspd; jiyaPLfs;......................................

23

5.2.
,iz Kfhikj;Jtr; nraw;ghLfspd; NghJ
kPdt mikg;Gf;fshy; tfpf;ff;$ba nghWg;Gf;fs;
kw;Wk; gq;fspg;Gfs;.....................................................

26

6. kPdt kf;fSf;fhd mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;F

cfe;j xUq;fpize;j nraw;ghl;bw;Fr; nry;ifapy;
cs;s jilfs;.....................................................................

30

7. vjpu;fhy eltbf;iffs;......................................................

32

04

tl
khfhzj;jpd;
kPdt
tsq;fSf;fhd
,iz
Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghL xd;iw eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
tl khfhzj;jpy; cs;s kPdt mikg;Gf;fspd; gq;fspg;G
kw;Wk; xj;Jiog;Gf;fis fz;lwptjw;fhd jfty; jpul;L

1. gpd;dzp

tlGyj;J kPdt kf;fs; Aj;jj;jpdhy; Vw;gl;l ghjpg;gpypUe;J

kPstjw;F Kaw;rpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w Ntisapy; ,e;jpa kPd;gpb

,Oitg;glFfs;

ru;tNjr

nghUshjhu

vy;iyiaj;

jhz;b

te;J kPd;gpbapy; <LgLfpd;w mNjNtis vkJ fly; tsq;fis

Kw;whf mopg;gJ kl;Lky;yhky; vkJ kPdtu;fspd; tiyfs; kw;Wk;
fUtpfisAk; mopj;JtpLfpd;wdu;.,g;gpur;rpidahdJ

Aj;jj;jpw;F

Kd;G njhlf;fk; ,lk;ngw;wNjhL Aj;jk; epiwtile;j gpd; 2010

Mz;bypUe;J njhlu;e;J ,d;Wk; tiuAk; ePbj;Jr; nry;Yk; xU
Kf;fpa

gpur;rpidahFk;.

2016

etk;gu;

kPdtu;fSf;fpilapy;

eilg;ngw;w

kPdt

gq;Fgw;wp

jiytu;fs;

rhjhuz

kPdt

kf;fSf;F

khjk;

,yq;if

fye;Jiuahlypy;
ngw;Wf;nfhz;l

khj;jpuky;y

,e;jpa

tlGyj;J

gpujpgydhdJ

flw;nwhopy;

mikr;ru;

clgl mur Jiwf;F fpile;j rpwe;j ntw;wpahFk;. 2017k; Mz;L

rdtup khjk; ,jd; ,Wjpf;fl;l Ngr;Rthu;j;ij eilg;ngw;whYk;
,e;j epiy cUthFtjw;F tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd;
,izak; toq;fpa gq;fspg;ghdJ kpf ghuhl;lg;gl Ntz;ba kw;Wk;
ntw;wpaspf;f$bajhf mike;jJ vd;gij kWj;Jtpl KbahJ.
,jDhlhf

fw;Wf;fnfhs;sf;$ba

ghlk;

vd;dntdpy;

rfyUk;

xd;whf ,ize;J xU ,yf;if Nehf;fpr; nraw;gLk; NghJ kf;fs;

Nehf;fq;fis kpf ,yFthf ntw;wpf;nfhs;s KbAk; vd;gjhFk;.
tlGyj;J kPdt kf;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;w Kf;fpa gpur;rpidfspy;
xd;whd ,e;jpa ,Oitg;glFfspd; gpur;rpidfSf;F XusthtJ

05

jPu;T fpilj;Js;s NghJ tlGyj;J kPdt kf;fs; kw;Wk; ngz;fs;

Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;w gy;NtW gpur;rpidfSf;F epue;jukhd jPu;Tfis
vLg;gjw;F njhlu;r;rpahd eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F tlf;F
njw;F kf;fs; ,iza Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ fhyj;jpd; NjitahFk;.
tlGyj;J kPdtu;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; gy gpur;rpidfs; njhlu;ghf
tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd; ,izak; mtjhdj;ijr; nrYj;jp
nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. mitfis ntw;wpf;nfhs;tjw;fhf kf;fspd;
mu;g;gzpg;G kpf Kf;fpakhFk;.
kPdt kf;fis kw;Wk; fiuNahu kf;fis ghjpf;fpd;w gpur;rpidfspy;
rpy.
rk;gpujha Kiwikf;F mg;ghy; njd;dpyq;ifapypUe;J
tlf;fpw;F
nrd;W
kPd;gpbapy;
<LgLk;
njd;dpyq;if
kPdtu;fspd; epy Mf;fpukpg;G kw;Wk; mtu;fs; gad;gLj;Jk;
mopTf;Fwpa kPd;gpb Kiwfs;
cs;ehl;L kPdtu;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; ,Oitg; glFfs; kw;Wk;
rl;ltpNuhj kPd;gpb Kiwfspdhy; cs;ehl;L kPdt epyq;fs;
KOikahf
Ruz;lYf;F
cw;gLfpd;wJ.;
yapl;Nfh];>
ilaikl;> RUf;Ftiy Nghd;witfSf;F mur mjpfhupfNs
mDkjp toq;Ftjdhy; gpur;rpid NkYk; cf;fpukilfpd;wJ.
fiuNahu kPdt epyq;fs; kw;Wk; kf;fSila epyq;fs;
,d;dKk; mjpTau; ghJfhg;G tyaq;fshf NtWgLj;jp
itf;fg;gl;Ls;sikapdhy; kPdtu;fs; jq;fs; eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJ gy Jd;gq;fis mDgtpf;fpdwdu;.
fztu; ,we;jikapdhy; my;yJ fhzhkyhf;fg;gl;likapdhy;
jkJ
gps;isfisAk;>
ngupatu;fisAk;
guhkupf;Fk;
nghWg;ig Vw;Ws;s FLk;g jiyikj;Jtg; ngz;fSf;fhd
tho;thjhuk; ,y;yhik. ,jd; fhuzkhf nghUshjhu
uPjpapyhd gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;w ngz;fs;
kw;Wk; ,sk; ngz;fs; r%f uPjpapyhd gy gpur;rpidfSf;Fk;
Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdu;.
06

 kPdtj; njhopypy; <LgLtjw;F mtrpakhd mbg;gil

trjpfs;> tpNrlkhf tiyfs; kw;Wk; glFfs; ,y;yhik.
kPd;fis tpw;gjw;F kw;Wk; gjdpLtjw;F Njitahd trjpfs;
,y;yik.
,itfs; kPdtu;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; gpur;rpidfspy; xU rpy khj;jpuNk.
MfNt ,itfis jPu;g;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffis vLg;gjw;fhd Fuiy
mt;tg;NghJ tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd; ,izak; Kd;ndLj;J
tUfpwJ. vdpDk; ,jw;fhd $l;L Kaw;rpfs; mtrpak;. ,e;jpa
,Oitg; glFfs; gpur;rpidf;F Kfk; nfhLg;gjw;fhf nraw;gLtjw;F
kw;Wk;

,r;nraw;ghl;bw;F

mur

nghwpKiwNahL

,ize;J

nraw;gLtjd; mtrpak; Kd; itf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

vd;dntd;why; ,r;nraw;ghl;bw;fhf tl khfhzj;jpy; nraw;gLk; rfy
flw;nwhopy; rq;fq;fs;> flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;fq;fs;;> ngz;fs;
mikg;G> kPd;gpbNahL njhlu;Gila mur epWtdq;fs;> murrhu;gw;w
epWtdq;fs;>

gy;fiyf;fof

fy;tpkhd;fs;

kw;Wk;

murpay;

mjpfhupfis ,izj;Jf; nfhz;L ,iz Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;by;

<LgLtjhFk;.
jiytu;fs;

tl

,ij

khfhz

flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd;

Kd;$l;bNa

,izaj;jpd;

Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;sdu;.

mt;thNw

,J njhlu;ghf tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd; ,izaj;jpd;

nghJr;rigapy;

fye;jiuahlg;gl;L

jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

vdNt

,jw;fhd cj;jpNahfg;G+u;tkhd tuNtw;G Kd;$l;bNa fpilj;Js;sik

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xU tplakhFk;.
,jd;

Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

,t;thwhdnjhU

vd;dntd;why;

nraw;ghl;by;

kPdt

<LgLtjw;F

mikg;GfSf;F

kw;Wk;

tsq;fis

gad;gLj;Jtjw;F ahg;G uPjpahf mtfhrk; ,Uf;fpd;wjh vd;gij

czu;e;Jf;nfhs;tjhFk;.
jkJ

tiuaiwf;Fs;

Xt;nthU
,Ue;J

mikg;Gf;fSf;Fk;

,t;thwhdnjhU

jj;

fl;likg;Gf;Fs;

nraw;gLtjw;F kw;Wk; mjw;fhf ve;jsT tsq;fis gad;gLj;j

07

KbAk;

vd;gjw;fhd

vd;gij

mwpe;Jf;

mikg;Gfspd;

rl;l

uPjpapyhd

nfhs;tjw;fhf

fl;likg;G

tl

Kiwapyhd

gpd;dzpfs;

vd;d?

khfhzj;jpYs;s

kPdt

epiyikfis

,t;thW

mwpf;ifahf;fk; nraw;tij Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L ,e;j mwpf;ifia

cUthf;fpNdhk;.

mj;NjhL

,t;thwdnjhU

fl;likg;gf;Fs;

nraw;gLtjpy; mt;tikg;GfSf;fpUf;fpd;w jilfs; vd;d vd;gij

Gupe;Jf;nfhs;SjYk; kpf Kf;fpak;. ,j;jilfs; cj;jpNahfg;G+u;khf
,Uf;fpd;w ,lq;fis mwpe;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf kPdt mikg;Gfspd;
ahg;Gfis guPrpypid nra;Njhk;.

mjdbg;gilapy; ,t;twpf;ifapd; Clhf miltjw;F

vjpu;ghu;j;j Nehf;fq;fs;:
1. tl khfhzj;jpy; nraw;gLk; flw;nwhopy;(kPdt) mikg;Gf;fs;
njhlu;ghf jfty;fis jpul;Ljy;
2. tl khfhzj;jpy; nraw;gLk; mikg;Gff;fspd; ahg;Gfis
guPrPyid nra;tjd; Clhf xt;tnthU mikg;Gfspdhy;
,iz
Kfhikj;Jt
nraw;ghl;bw;F
toq;ff;$ba
gq;fspg;Gfs; njhlu;ghf ahg;gpy; cs;s re;ju;g;gq;fis
mwpe;Jf;nfhs;sy;
3. ,iz Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;il Kd;ndLg;gjw;fhf
epjp Njitg;ghl;il <Lnra;tjw;F kPd;gpb mikg;GfSf;F
,Uf;fpd;w re;ju;g;gq;fis mwpe;Jf;nfhs;sy;
4. ,iz Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;il epiyj;jpUf;ff;$ba
Kiwapy; Kd;ndLg;gjw;fhf xt;nthU mikg;GfSf;Fk;
toq;ff;$ba
gq;fspg;Gfis
Vida
mikg;GfSf;F
njspTg;gLj;jy;.
08

2. tl khfhzj;jpy; nraw;gLk; tl khfhz

flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd; ,izaj;Jld; Neubahf
,ize;J
nraw;gLk;
flw;nwhopy;(kPdt)
mikg;Gfspd; jfty;fs;
tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd; ,izak;- JiwKf tPjp>
khjfy; / ,y.74>

cg;gsk; tPjp> ngupafil> kd;dhu;.

kd;dhu; khtl;l flw;nwhopyhsu; $l;LwTr;rq;f rkhrk; ,y.74>

cg;gsk; tPjp> ngupafil> kd;dhu;.

kd;dhu; khtl;l kPdtu; rk;Nksdk;> kd;dhu;

G+efup flw;nwhopyhsu; $l;LwTr;rq;f rkhrk;- n[aGuk;>
G+efup
fpuhkpa kPdt rk;Nksdk;> G+efup
aho;

khtl;l

flw;nwhopy;

$l;LwTr;rq;f

rkhrq;fspd;

rk;Nksdk;- ,y.100> gpujhd tPjp> aho;g;ghzk;

Ky;iyj;jPT khtl;l flw;nwhopy; rkhrk;> Ky;iyj;jPT
aho; khtl;l kPdt rk;Nksdk;
Ky;iyj;jPT khtl;l kPdt rk;Nksdk;> Ky;iyj;jPT

09

3. kPdt mikg;Gfs;(rq;fq;fs;)
tpjk; my;yJ gpuNjrk;

tpahgpj;Js;s

,iz Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;by; <LgLk; tlf;F kPdtr;rq;fq;fs;

Gtpapay; uPjpahf tpahgpj;Js;s epiyikia mwpe;Jf;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. mjdbg;gilapy; ,iz Kfhikj;Jtr; nraw;ghl;bw;F
xt;nthU mikg;GfsJk; gq;fspg;Gfis rupahf ,zq;fhz
KbAk;

1. tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd; ,izak;

aho;g;ghzk;> kd;dhu;> fpspnehr;rp kw;Wk; Ky;iyj;jPT

Mfpa 4 khtl;lq;fis cs;slf;fp 50 Ngu; nfhz;l
nghJr;rigahFk;. ,f;fl;likg;gpy; jiytu;> nrayhsu;>
cg jiytu> 4 khtl;lj;jpw;fhd 4 khtl;l gpujpepjpfs;
kw;Wk; flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;f rkhrj;jpw;F Vw;g
Vida mq;fj;jtu;fspd; cs;slf;fkhdJ nghJr;rig
vdg;gLk.

aho;g;ghzk;

18

kd;dhu;

12

10

fpspnehr;rp

Ky;iyj;jPT - 10

2. kd;dhu; khtl;l flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;f rkhrk;:

khtl;lj;jpd;
kPdt
fpuhkq;fis
xd;wpizj;J
gpuNjr nrayf gpuptpd; mbg;gilapy; kw;Wk; khtl;l
fl;likg;ghf nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. Vida rq;fq;fisg;
NghyNt kd;dhu khtl;l rq;fj;jpYk; mq;fj;Jtj;ij
ngw;Ws;sitfs; flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fNs.
10

3. G+efup flw;nwhopyhsu; $l;Lwtr;rq;f rkhrk;- n[aGuk;>

G+efup

G+efup gpuNjr nrayf gpuptpw;F cl;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy;

nraw;gl;L tUfpwJ.

4. aho; khtl;l flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;f rkhrq;fspd;

rk;Nksdk;.

fpuhk kl;l flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;fspd; gpuNjrj;jpw;F

Vw;g cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;f
rkhrq;fspd;
gpujpepjpfspdhy;
fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;lNj
aho; khtl;l flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;f rkhrq;fspd;
rk;NksdkhFk;.

5. fpuhkpa kPdt rk;Nksdk;

fpuhk Nrtfu; gpupT xd;iw my;yJ fpuhkk; xd;iw

my;yJ ,wq;Fj;Jiwia ikakhff; nfhz;L ,aq;Fk;
mikg;ghFk;.

11

4. tl khfhzj;jpy; nraw;gLk; flw;nwhopy;

mikg;Gf;fs;
kw;Wk;
mitfspd;
cj;jpNahfg;G+u;t gpd;dzp kw;Wk; jfty;fs;
4.1. mikg;gpd; fl;likg;G
tl
khfhzj;jpy;
,aq;Fk;
gy
kPd;gpb
rq;fq;fspd;
fl;likg;GfspYs;s
gyj;ij
mwpe;J
mitfis
,iz
Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;by; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd eltbf;iffis
vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjdbg;gilapy; gy rq;fq;fspd; fl;likg;G
kw;Wk; epu;thf cWg;gpdu;fspd; nghWg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; mtu;fs;
tfpf;fpd;w
gq;Ffis(tfpgq;F)
mwpe;Jf;nfhs;tJ
kpf
Kf;fpakhFk;. mjdbg;gilapy; ,iz Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;by;
<LgLk; xUrpy rq;fq;fspd; fl;likg;Gfs; njhlu;ghf fPNo
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;Nshk;.
1. tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd; ,izak;
jiytu;
nrayhsu;
nghUyhsu;
cg jiytu; - fpspnehr;rp
cg jiytu; - Ky;iyj;jPT
cg jiytu; - kd;dhu;
cg jiytu; - aho;;g;ghzk;
nghJr;rig cWg;gpdu;fs;- 42
2. kd;dhu; khtl;l flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;f rkhrk;:

fpuhk kl;lj;jpy; ,aq;Fk; flw;nwhopy; $l;Lwtr;rq;fq;fs;

jkJ mq;fj;jtu;fspd; njhiff;F Vw;g gzpg;ghsu;
rigf;F
mq;fj;jtu;fis
Nju;e;njLj;J
khtl;l
nghJr;rigf;fhf 3 Ngiu mDg;Gk;. ,t;thW fpuhk kl;l
gpujpepjpfshy; cUthfpd;w nghJr;rig nraw;FOit
12

Nju;e;njLf;Fk;. ,jw;fhf 07 my;yJ 09 Ngu; njupT

nra;ag;gLtu;. jiytu;> cg jiytu;> nrayhsu; kw;Wk;
gzpg;ghsu; rig Nju;e;njLf;fg;gLk;. xUtu; Kd;nkhopa
xUtu; MNkhjpf;f ,j;njupTfs; ,lk;ngWk;. khw;W
Kd;nkhopTfs; ,Ug;gpd; thf;nfLg;G ,lk;ngWk;.

3. fpuhkpa kPdt rk;Nksdk;

Fiwe;jJ 30 mq;fj;jtu;fis nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

11 Ngiuf; nfhz;l nraw;FO. jiytu;> nrayhsu;>
nghUyhsu;> cg jiytUf;F mg;ghy; Fiwe;jJ 06
cWg;gpdu;fs; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gLtu;.

,uz;L khjj;jpw;F xU Kiw $l;lk; elhj;jg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. Njitf;Nfw;g ve;jr;re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; $l;lj;ij
elhj;j Kbak;.

nghJr;rig $l;lk; 3 khjj;jpw;F xU Kiw elhj;jg;gl

Ntz;Lk;.

khtl;l
kPdt
rk;Nksdj;jpw;fhf
fpuhkpa
kPdt
rk;Nksdj;jpypUe;J 11 cWg;gpdu;fs; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.

4. G+efup flw;nwhopyhsu;
n[aGuk;> G+efup

$l;Lwtr;rq;f

rkhrk;-

fpuhk kl;l flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fspypUe;J

nghJr;rigf;fhd

mq;fj;jtu;fs;

Nju;e;njLf;fg;gLtu;.

mjpy;

cWg;gpdu;fshf

09

Nju;e;njLf;fg;gLtu;.
13

16
Ngu;
,jpy;

Ngu;
nraw;FO
,uz;L

ngz;fSk.

cs;slf;fg;gLtu;.

jiytu:.

nrayhsu;>

cg jiytu;> nghUyhsu;> Kfhikahsu; Nghd;wtu;fs;

Nju;e;njLf;fg;gLtu;.

flw;nwhopy;

kw;Wk;

$l;LwTj;

jpizf;fsq;fSf;F nghWg;Gf;$w Ntz;Lk;.

5. aho; khtl;l flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;f rkhrq;fspd;
rk;Nksdk;.
jiytu;> nrayhsu;> cg jiytu;> nghUyhsu; cl;gl
11 Ngu; nfhz;l gzpg;ghsu; rig. gpuNjr kl;lj;jpy;
Nju;e;njLf;fg;gLfpwtu;fs; nghJr;rig cWg;gpdu;fs;
Mtu;.

4.2. rq;fq;fs; nraw;gLfpd;w rl;lgpd;dzp

xU mikg;G nraw;gLk;NghJ Njitahd rl;l gpddzpfis
mwpe;jpUg;gJ kpf Kf;fpak;. ,jw;F fhuzk; xt;nthU rq;fKk;
gjpT

nra;ag;gl;Ls;sjd;

fhuzkhf

fl;lha

tiuaiwf;F

cl;gLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; ,r;rq;fq;fspdhy; toq;ff;$ba gq;fspg;G

tiuaWf;fg;glyhk;. vdNt ,iz Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;bw;F
xt;nthU mikg;gpdhYk; toq;ff;$ba gq;fspg;Gfspd; jd;ikia
mwpe;Jf;nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhFk;.

tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd; ,izak;:

,e;j mikg;ghdJ mur my;yJ Vida epWtdj;jpy; gjpT
nra;a;g;gltpy;iy. mj;NjhL ve;jtpj rl;l gpd;dzpapYk;
fl;Lg;gltpy;iy.

mj;NjhL

,J

fk;gdp

rl;lj;jpd;

fPNoh

gjpTr; nra;ag;gltpy;iy. tl khfhz rigapd; fPo; my;yJ

flw;nwhopy;

jpizf;fsj;jpd;
14

gjpTr;

nra;tjw;F

gy

Kaw;rpfis vLj;JNghJk; mJ ,Jtiu rhj;jpag;gltpy;iy.

vdpDk;

,f;fl;likg;gpdhy;

vLf;fg;gLfpd;w

rfy

jPu;khdq;fSk; ahg;gpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sjw;F mikthf

nghJr; rigapNyNa jPu;khdpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
kd;dhu; khtl;l flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;f rkhrk;:
nraw;FOtpd; rfy nraw;ghLfSk; $l;LwT jpizfsj;jpd;
Clhf nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;. flw;nwhopy; jpizf;fsk; mij
fz;fhzpf;Fk;.

epjp

njhlu;ghd

rfy

eltbf;iffSk;

$l;LwTj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; Clhf nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;. kPd;gpb

ifj;njhopy;

njhlu;ghd

nraw;wpl;lq;fspy;

flw;nwhopy;

jpizf;fsj;jpd; mDkjp my;yJ rpghupRfis ngw Ntz;Lk;.

fpuhkpa kPdt rk;Nksdk;:
flw;nwhopy; kw;Wk; ePupay; tsq;fs; jpizf;fsj;jpd; fPo;
nraw;gLfpwJ. rfytpjkhd fpuhkpa kPdt rk;Nksdq;fSk;
ePupay;

tsq;fs;

jpizf;fsj;jpd;

kw;Wk;

Njrpa

ePupay;

tho; capupdq;fs; tsu;g;G mgptpUj;jp epWtdj;jpd; fs

cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspd;

MNyhrid

kl;bNyNa

nraw;gl

Ntz;Lk;.
G+efup flw;nwhopyhsu; $l;Lwtr;rq;f rkhrk;:
xUtUf;fhf gyUk;> gyUf;fhf xUtUkhf xd;wpize;J
nraw;gLtJ. ,jd;NghJ flw;nwhopy; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk;
$l;LwTj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; rl;lj;jpl;lq;fSf;F mikthfNt
nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;. mj;NjhL flw;nwhopy; kw;Wk; ePupay;
tsq;fs; rl;lj;jpw;F mikthfNt nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;.
15

aho;

khtl;l

flw;nwhopy;

$l;LwTr;rq;f

rkhrq;fspd;

rk;Nksdk;:
rk;Nksdj;jpd; nraw;ghLfs; $l;LwTj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;
fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;.

gpzf;Ffs;

Vw;gLk;

mg;gpzf;Ffis

jPu;g;gjw;F $l;LwTj; jpizf;fsk; jiyapLtNjhL> mjw;fhf

rk;Nksdj;jpd; ahg;Gk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

4.3. tl khfhzj;jpy; nraw;gLk; kPdt mikg;Gfspd;

cgtpjp(ahg;G) njhlu;ghd cWjpepiy my;yJ ahg;G
uPjpapyhd fhuzpfs;
1. tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd; ,izak;:
tl
khfhz
flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd;
,izaj;ij
nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ahg;G xd;W cs;sJ. tlGyj;jpy;
thOk; kPdt kf;fspd; tho;f;if juj;ij kw;Wk; njhopiy>
tho;thjhuj;ij
Nkk;gLj;Jtij
Nehf;fhff;
nfhz;L
cUthf;fg;gl;l xU Gjpa fl;likg;ghFk;. tl khfhz
flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd;
,izakhdJ
fiuNahu
tho;
kf;fspd; njhopiy ghjpf;fpd;w jilfis xd;wpize;J
ntw;wpf;nfhs;tij ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L fiuNahu khtl;lq;fs;
4y; fhzg;gLk; fly; tsq;fis ghJfhg;gjw;Fk;> kPdt kf;fspd;
mgptpUj;jpf;Fkhf kPdt kf;fspd; jd;ek;gpf;ifia tsu;j;J
khtl;lq;fSf;fpilapyhd
xUq;fpize;j
nraw;ghl;il
tpahgpj;J nraw;gLtjw;fhf vLf;fpd;w Kaw;rpahFk;.

2. kd;dhu; khtl;l flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;f rkhrk;:

khtl;lj;jpYs;s
flw;nwhopy;
$l;LwTr;
rq;fspd;
eltbf;iffis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F jdpj; jdpahd
ahg;Gfs; fhzg;gLfpd;w mNjNtis kd;dhu; khtl;l
16

rkhrj;jpw;Fk; ahg;G xd;W cs;sJ. rhjhuz rq;fspy;

fhzg;gLk; epu;thfk; Nghd;Nw ,jpYk; epu;thf fl;likg;G
Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. mjdbg;gilapy; jiytu;> cg jiytu;>
nrayhsu; kw;Wk; nraw;FO xd;Wk; nraw;gLfpwJ.
Neubahf
epu;thf
cWg;gpdu;fs;
njhlu;Gglhtpl;lhYk;
rkhrj;jpw;fhd fhupahyak; xd;W cs;sJ. fhupahyaj;jpd;
nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLg;gjw;fhf Kfhikahsu;> fhupahya
nraw;ghLfSf;F cjTtjw;fhf cjtpahyu;fs; kw;Wk;
fzf;fhsu; xUtiu Nju;e;njLf;f KbAk;.
jiytupd; jiyikapd; fPo; ,aq;Fk; nraw;FO Clhf
jPu;khdq;fs; vLf;fg;gLfpd;w mNjNtis nrayhsupdhy;
mitfs;
nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
epjp
njhlu;ghd
nraw;ghLfspd;
NghJ
nraw;FO
jPu;khdq;fis
Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w mNjNtis ,j;jPu;khdj;ij Kfhikahsu;>
fzf;fhsu; kw;Wk; jiytupd; ifnahg;gj;Jld;> ,Wjpahf
$l;LwTj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; mjpfhup xUtupd; ifnahg;gj;Jld;
eilKiwg;glj;jg;gLk;.

khtl;l epu;thf cWg;gpdu;fSf;Fs;s nghWg;Gf;fs;

jiytu;
rq;fj;jpd;
rfy
$l;lq;fSf;Fk;
jiyik
jhq;fp
nraw;gLj;Jthu;. nraw;FOit xd;W$l;ly;> cWg;gpdu;fspd;
nraw;ghLfis
fz;fhzpj;jy;>
rkhrj;jpd;
tUlhe;j
,yf;if miltjw;fhf nray;uPjpahd jpl;lq;fis jahupj;J
eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd
jiyikj;Jtj;ij
toq;Fjy;. Njitahd MNyhridfs; kw;Wk; jPu;khdq;fis
Kd;ndLj;jy;. rkhrj;jpy; Vw;glk; gpzf;Ffis jPu;g;gjw;F
jiyapLjy;.
17

nrayhsu;
jiytupd; cld;ghNlhL epu;thf cWg;gpdu;fis xd;W$l;ly;>
nghJr;rig $l;lq;fspd; jPu;khdq;fs; njhlu;ghf cupa
fhyj;jpy; cupa jpizf;fsq;fSf;F mDg;Gjy;. jiytNuhL
,ize;J epu;thf nraw;ghLfis jpl;lkpLjy; kw;Wk; rfy
$l;lq;fspdJk; mwpf;iffis jahu; nra;jy; nrayhsupd;
nghWg;Gfspd; Kf;fpakhditfshFk;.

cg jiytu;;
cg
jiytUf;F
ahg;gpd;
Clhf
toq;fg;gl;Ls;s
gpujhd nghWg;G ahnjdpy; jiytu; ,y;yhjtplj;J rfy
$l;lq;fSf;Fk; jiyik jhq;Fjy; kw;Wk; jiytUf;F
ahg;gpy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s nghWg;Gfis epiwNtw;Wjy;.

nghJr;rig cWg;gpdu;fs;
khtl;l rkhrj;jpd; $l;lq;fSf;F r%fkspj;jy; gpujhd
nghWg;ghFk; mj;NjhL mikg;gpd; tsu;r;rpf;F mtrpakhd
eltbf;iffSf;F KOikahd gq;fspg;Gfis toq;f
Ntz;Lk;
vd;gJ
vjpu;g;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
nraw;FOthy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; jPu;khdq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F
G+uz xj;Jiog;Gfis toq;Fjy;> rhjhuz cWg;gpdiu tpl
mjpfkhd xj;Jiog;Gfis toq;Fjy;.

Kfhikahsu;
mikg;gpd; md;whlk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; epjp eltbf;iffis
Neu;ikahd Kiwapy; ifahy;tJ Kfhikahsupd; gpujhd
flikahFk;. epjp eltbf;iffSf;fhd rpl;Lfis toq;Fjy;>
fhNrhiy eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sy; Nghd;witfis
18

jpizf;fsq;fspd;
mDkjpald;
Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
nghJr;rigapd; jPu;khdq;fs; kw;Wk; nraw;FOtpd; epu;thf
jPu;khdq;fSf;F Vw;g nraw;gLjy;. MfNt ,tu; rkhrj;jpd;
epu;thfj;jpw;Fk;> $l;LwTj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; topfhl;lypYk;
nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;.

3. fpuhkpa kPdt rk;Nksdk;

2010
Mz;bw;F
gpwF
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l
Gjpa
fl;likg;ghFk;. ,J flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fSf;F
khw;whf nraw;gLfpd;w mikg;ghFk;. xNu fpuhk Nrtfu;
mjpfhu gpuNjrj;jpy; ,U mikg;GfSk; nraw;gLtJ
vd;gJ epr;rpakw;wjd;ikia
Vw;gLj;Jtjhf flw;nwhopy;
$l;LwTr;rq;f cWg;gpdu;fspd; Kiwg;ghlhFk;. mjw;F fhuzk;
flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;fj;jpy; cs;s mq;fj;jtu;fNs
,e;j mikg;gpYk; mq;fk; tfpg;gjhFk;. vdpDk; rpy
,lq;fspy; $l;LwTr;rq;f epu;thf cWg;gpdu;fNs fpuhkpa
kPdt rk;Nksdj;jpYk; epu;thf nghWg;Gfspy; ,Ug;gjdhy;
Kuz;ghL Vw;gLfpd;w ,lq;fspy; mitfis jPu;g;gjw;F cgha
topfshf mikfpd;wd. vdpDk; rpy ,lq;fspy; kpf Nkhrkhd
epiyikfisAk; gpur;rpidfisAk; Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wJ.

fpuhkpa kPdt rk;Nksdq;fspdhy Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;

eltbf;iffs; ahg;gpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW xU rpy
fPNo fhzg;gLk; tifapy;:
m. fpuhkpa kPdt rk;Nksdk; nraw;gLk; ,lq;fspy; Njrpa
kPdt rk;Nksdj;jpd; nraw;ghLfis tpahgpj;jy.;
M. jkJ mjpfhu gpuNjrq;fspy; mq;fj;jtu;fspd; tsu;r;rpf;fhd
eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
19

,. jkJ mjpfhuj;jpw;F cl;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; kPdt

kf;fspd; r%f> nghUshjhu gpur;rpidfis milahsk;
fz;L Nky; kl;lj;jpw;F vLj;Jr; nry;yy;.
<. Gjpa fhg;GWjpj; jpl;lk;> Xa;T+jpaj; jpl;lk; Nghd;witfs;
njhlu;ghf kPdt kf;fis njspTg;gLj;jy;.
c. kPd;gpb njhopypd; ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghf kPdt kf;fis
njspTg;gLj;jy;
kw;Wk;
Njitahd
re;ju;g;gj;jpy;
rl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;jy;.
C. ,isQu;fSf;F gy fw;wy; jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jy;.
v. kPd; cw;gj;jpfis tpiyf;nfhLj;J thq;Fjy; kw;Wk;
tpw;gid nra;jYf;fhd jiyaPLfis nra;jy;.
V. tho;thjhuj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf fld;fis toq;Fjy;
kw;Wk; Nritfis toq;Fjy;
I. rfy fpuhkpa mikg;GfSk; tq;fpf; fzf;F xd;iw
NgZjy;
,jd;NghJ fpuhkpa kPdt mikg;gpd; fPo; ngz;fs; mikg;Gfis
cUthf;fTk; re;ju;g;gk; cs;sJ. rpWtu;fs; kw;Wk; ngz;fspd;
eyDf;fhf ,J nraw;gLk;. rfy fpuhkpa mikg;GfSk; Njrpa
kPdt rk;Nksdj;jpd; fPo; gjpTr; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

epjp fl;Lg;ghL
Njrpa kPdt kfh rk;Nksdj;jpd; Clhf rfy mikg;GfsJk;
epjp epiyikfis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mjpfhuk; ahg;gpy;
cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
20

fpuhkpa kPdt mikg;Gf;fSf;fhd

cUthf;Ftjw;fhd gpujhd 3 topfs;

epjp

epiyia

1. mq;fj;jtu; gzk; kw;Wk; ed;nfhil

2. murhq;fk; kw;Wk; Vida epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J fpilf;Fk;
ed;nfhilfs;
3. fpuhkpa kPdt mikg;G gzj;ij KjyPL nra;tjD}lhf
fpilf;fpd;w tl;b
4. G+efup flw;nwhopyhsu; $l;LwTr;rq;f rkhrk;:

Vida flw;nwhopy; mikg;Gfspy; nraw;gLk; jiytu;>

nrayhsu;> nghUyhsu; cl;gl epu;thf cWg;gpdu;fSf;F
Nkyhf G+efup flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;fk; gzpg;ghsu;
rigia nfhz;Ls;sJ. gzpg;ghsu; rig $l;lk;
jiytupd; mwptpj;jypd; NgupNy nrayhsNu elhj;Jthu;.

gzpg;ghsu; rig:
MNyhrid
toq;Fjy;>
nray;Kiw
rhj;jpakhd
jPu;khdq;fis vLj;jy;> kPdtu;fs; kw;Wk; fpuhk
mgptpUj;jpf;fhd jPu;khdq;fis vLj;jy;> rq;fj;jpw;F
Njitahd epjpia NjLtjw;fhd topfhl;ly;fis
nra;jy;> thfd gad;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;. 09 Ngu;
nfhz;l gzpg;ghsu; rigapy; 18 tajpw;F Nkw;gl;l ,U
ngz;fSk; mq;fk; tfpg;gu;.

21

5. aho; khtl;l flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;f rkhrq;fspd;

rk;Nksdk;:

flw;nwhopy;
$l;LwTr;rq;fspd;
rkhrj;jpd;
rk;Nksdj;jpw;fhd ahg;ig $l;LWTj; jpizf;fsk;
jahupj;Js;sNjhL
nghJr;rigapd;
mq;fPfhuk;
fpilj;Js;sJ. ,jd;NghJ gzpg;ghsu; rig ahg;gpw;f
Vw;w tifapy; nraw;gLk;.

4.4. kPdt mikg;Gf;fspy; jPu;khdk; vLf;Fk; mZFKiw

1. tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd; ,izak;:

mikg;gpYs;s xl;Lnkhj;j mq;fj;jtu;fspd; 1/3 mlq;fpa

epu;thf cWg;gpdu;fshy; vLf;fg;gLk; jPu;khdq;fs;
nghJr;rigf;F
Kd;
itf;fg;gl;L
nghJr;rigapd;
mq;fPfhuj;NjhL ,Wjp jPu;khdk; vLf;fg;gLk;.

2. kd;dhu; khtl;l flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;f rkhrk;

nghJr;rig> nraw;FO> fpuhk kl;l rq;fq;fs; kw;Wk;

mq;fj;jtu;fspdhy; jPu;khdq;fs; vLf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

3. G+efup flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;f rkhrk;:

gzpg;ghsu; rig kw;Wk; $l;LwTj; jpizf;fsk;
jPu;khdq;fis vLg;gjpy; mq;fk; tfpf;fpd;wd.
4. aho;

khtl;l

flw;nwhopyhsu;

$l;LwTr;rq;fq;fspd;

rkhrq;fspd; rkNksdk:;

gy jPu;khdq;fs; gzpg;ghsu; rigahy; vLf;fg;gLk;. epjp

njhlu;ghd nraw;ghLfspy; nghJr;rig jPu;khdj;jpw;F
mikthf jPu;khdq;fs; vLf;fg;gLk;.
22

5. tl khfhzj;jpy; ,aq;Fk; kPdt mikg;Gfs;

Clhf
kPdt
kf;fSf;F
toq;fg;gLk;
Nritfs;
5.1.
kPdt
kf;fis
ghjpf;fpd;w
mikg;Gf;fspd; jiyaPLfs;

gpur;rpidfspd;NghJ

1. tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd; ,izak;

kPdt r%fj;jpw;F Vw;gLfpd;w gpur;rpidfs; kw;Wk; jilfis
xopg;gjw;fhd fye;Jiuahly;fs;
kPdt kf;fSf;fpilapy; fPo; kl;lj;jpypUe;J Nky;
tiuahd fye;Jiuahly;fSf;F jiyaPL nra;jy;

kl;lk;

Nky; kl;l fye;Jiuahly;fspy; Njitahd re;ju;g;gj;jpy;

jiyapLjy; kw;Wk; Clfq;fs; thapyhf gpur;rpidfis
ntspf;nfhzuy;
kPdt mq;fj;jtu;fs; kw;Wk; nghJthf
cupikfis ghJfhg;gjw;fhf nraw;gLjy;

kPdt

kf;fspd;

kf;fs; cupikfis ntd;nwLg;gjw;fhd Mu;g;ghl;lq;fs; kw;Wk;

gy;NtW tifahd mOj;jr; nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;

2. kd;dhu; khtl;l flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;fq;fspd; rkhrk;:

khtl;lj;jpy; kPdtu;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; gpur;rpidfs;
njhlu;ghf
cupatu;fSld;
fye;Jiuahb
jPu;Tfis
ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;
kPdtu;fs;
Kfk;
nfhLf;Fk;
mdu;j;jq;fspd;
jpizf;fsj;jpd; Clhf epthuzk; toq;Fjy;

NghJ

rpW kPdtu;fis ghjpf;fpd;w rl;ltpNuhj kPd;gpb Kiwf;F

vjpuhf Fuy; nfhLj;jy; kw;Wk; ghjpf;fg;gLk; kPdtu;fSf;fhd
epthuzq;fis toq;Fjy;

23

 kPdtu;fSf;F
vz;nza;
rpghupRfis toq;Fjy;

khdpaj;ij

toq;Ftjw;fhf

rl;ltpNuhj Kiwapy; nraw;gLj;Jk; rfytpjkhd njhopy;

KiwfSf;Fk; vjpuhf kf;fis jpul;b jPu;it NjLjy;
njhopy; Neuj;jpy; Vw;gLk; jilfs;
mjpfhupfSld; fye;JiuahLjy;

njhlu;ghf

jFe;j

cw;gj;jp nghUl;fSf;fhd re;ij tha;g;ig Njbf;nfhLj;jy;

kPdtu;fSf;fhd njhopy; cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; epthuzq;fis
toq;Ftjw;fhf mur kw;Wk; murrhu;gw;w epWtdq;fNshL
njhlu;Gfis Vw;gLj;jp mjw;fhd eltbf;iffis vLj;jy;

3. G+efup flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;fq;fspd; rkhrk;:

kPdt kf;fspd; tho;thjhuj;jpw;F Njitahd cjtpfis
toq;Fjy;
kPdt kf;fspd; fy;tp> fiy fyhr;rhuj;ij tsu;g;gjw;fhf
nraw;gLjy;
njhopy; re;ju;g;gj;jpy;
nraw;gLjy;

Vw;gLk;

gpzf;Ffis

jPu;g;gjw;fhf

kPdtu;fspd; tho;thjhuj;ij tsu;g;gjw;fhf fld; trjpfisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;
kPdtu; my;yJ mtuJ FLk;gj;jpy; ahuhtJ ,wf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy;
mf;FLk;gj;jpw;F epjp uPjpapyhd cjtpfis toq;Fjy;
epthuzq;fs;> khdpaq;fSf;fhd rpghupRfis nra;jy;

24

4. aho; khtl;l flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd;

rkhrq;fspd; rk;Nksdk;:

$l;LwTr;rq;f

fpuhk kl;l rq;fq;fs; kw;Wk; gpuNjr kl;l rq;fspypUe;J

rk;Nksdj;jpw;F

vLj;J

tug;gLk;

kPdt

gpur;rpidfis

nghJr;rigapy; fye;Jiuahlg;gl;L mjw;fhd jPu;khdq;fis

Nkw;nfhs;sy;
Njitahd

re;ju;g;gq;fspy;

mur

kw;Wk;

murrhu;gw;w

epWtdq;fspd; cjtpfisg; ngwy;

flw;nwhopy; kw;Wk; $l;LwTj; jpizf;fsj;NjhL njhlu;Gfis
Ngzy;
kPdtu;fSf;fhd kPd;gpb fUtpfis toq;Fjy;
kPd;gpb mgptpUj;jpf;fhd jpl;lq;fis jahupj;J nraw;gLj;Jjy;

5.2. ,iz

Kfhikj;Jtr; nraw;ghLfspd; NghJ kPdt

mikg;Gf;fshs; tfpf;ff;$ba nghWg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk;
gq;fspg;Gfs;

tl khfhzj;jpny nraw;gLfpd;w kPdt mikg;Gfs; tuyhw;W

njhlf;fk; jkJ kf;fspd; gpur;rpidfs; kw;Wk; cupikfSf;fhf
tpNrlkhf Aj;jf; fhyj;jpYk; $l jkJ mq;fj;jtu;fNshL ,ize;J
nraw;gl;ljhf rhd;Wfs; cs;sd. Aj;j fhyj;jpy; ,uhZtk; kw;Wk;
L.T.T.E apdupd; mr;RWj;jy;fSf;Fk; gag;glhky; njhlu;r;rpahf
jkJ nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLJ jkf;nfd xU milahsj;ij
cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ldu;. xU Kiw khtl;l flw;nwhopy;
$l;LwTr;rq;f rk;Nksdj;jpd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F mr;RWj;jy;
te;jNghJ jhd; jdJ gjtpia ,uh[dhkh nra;J RahjPdkhf
nraw;gl;l tuyhWfSk; cz;L. mNJNghy; vz;nza; khdpak;
toq;fs;> epthuzq;fs; kw;Wk; khdpaq;fis toq;fpd;wNghJ
kPdtu;fis mwpT+l;b mjw;fhf mtu;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhLf;fpd;w

25

gq;fspg;Gfs; kpf Kf;fpakhditfs;. fle;j fhyq;fspNy tlGyj;J

kPdt mikg;Gfs; ngw;Wf;nfhlj;j gq;fspg;Gfs; ,iz Kfhikj;Jt
nraw;ghl;bw;Fk; fpilj;jhy; kPdtu;fs; gpur;rpidfSf;fhd rpwe;j
ntw;wpia vjpu;fhuj;jpy; ngwf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,jw;fhd
nghWg;Gf;fs; tl khfhz flw;nwhopy; mikg;Gf;fspd; jiytu;fSk;>
mq;fj;jtu;fSk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mjD}lhf rpwe;j
gpujpg;gyid ngw KbAk;.
,jd;NghJ
Kf;fpakhf
Fwpg;gplg;gl
Ntz;ba
xU
tplak;
vd;dntd;why; ,r;nraw;ghl;bdhy; fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk; ek;gpf;ifahdJ
kPdt kf;fs;> mjpfhupfs;> murpay; mjpfhupfs; vd;w rfy jug;gpdUk;
win win win vd;W ,WjpapNy Fwpg;gpl $ba epiyik Vw;gLtNj.
mjdbg;gilapy; tlf;fpy; nraw;gLk; kPdt rq;fq;fs; ,Jtiu
jkJ gpuNjrq;fSf;F ngw;Wf;nfhLf;Fk; gq;fspg;Gfis Fwpg;gpl
epidj;Njhk;.

1. tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd; ,izak;

kPdt kf;fis ghjpf;fpd;w gpur;rpidfis milahsk; fz;L
Clfq;fs; thapyhf ntspg;gLj;jy;.
fye;Jiuahly;fs; thapyhf gpur;rpidfSf;fhd jPu;Tfis
Njl eltbf;if vLf;fpd;wik.
kPd;gpb
cgfuzq;fsSf;fhd
%yg;
nghUl;fis
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd epiyikfis cUthf;Fjy;

2. kd;dhu; khtl;l flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;fq;fspd; rkhrk;:

rl;lj;jpw;F Gwk;ghf kPdtu;fs; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; kPd;gpb
KiwfSf;F vjpuhd kPdtu;fis jpul;b flw;nwhopy; mikr;ru;
kw;Wk; flw;nwhopy; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F mOj;jk; nfhLj;J
gpur;rpidfis jPu;g;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sy;
,e;jpa kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L ,Oitg; glFfis jLg;gjw;fhf
njhlu;r;rpahd mOj;jr; nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;
26

 njhopypy; <Lgl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ Vw;gLk; mdu;j;jq;fs;

kw;Wk; kuzq;fSf;fhd el;l<l;il mf; FLk;gq;fSf;F
ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;F nraw;gLjy;. (khfhz rig Clhf)
flypy; njhopypy; <LgLk;NghJ ghJfhg;Gg; gilapduhy;
Vw;gLk; mOj;jq;fs; kw;Wk; jhf;Fjy;fSf;F vjpuhf
NghuhLjy; kw;Wk; mtu;fSf;fhd el;l<l;il ngw;Wf;nfhLf;f
eltbf;if vLj;jy;.

3. G+efup flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;fq;fspd; rkhrk;:

murrhu;gw;w

mikg;Gfspd;

ngw;Wf;nfhz;L

kPdtu;fspd;

MNyhridfisAk;

xOf;fr;

nraw;ghLfSf;fhd

eltbf;iffis vLj;jy;.
,e;jpa kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L ,Oitg; glFfSf;F vjpuhf kw;Wk;
rl;ltpNuhj
khtl;l

kPd;gpb

KiwfSf;F

kPdtu;fspd;

vjpuhf

Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F

kw;Wk;

vjpuhf

Vida

nraw;gLjy;>

jFe;jtu;fSld; fye;JiuahLjy; kw;Wk; kPdtu;fSf;fhd

gapw;rpfis toq;Fjy;.

4. aho;

khtl;l
flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd;
rkhrq;fspd; rk;Nksdk;:

$l;LwTr;rq;f

,e;jpa kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L ,Oitg; glFfSf;F vjpuhf kw;Wk;

rl;ltpNuhj

kPd;gpb

KiwfSf;F

vjpuhf

kw;Wk;

njd;dpyq;if

kPdtu;fspd; Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F vjpuhf nraw;gLjy;> jFe;jtu;fSld;

fye;JiuahLjy; kw;Wk; kPdtu;fspd; gpur;rpidfis ntspg;gLj;jy;.

27

,iz Kfhikj;Jtr; nraw;ghLfspd; NghJ kPdt mikg;Gf;fshs;

tfpf;ff;$ba nghWg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; gq;fspg;Gfs;
rq;fk;

kf;fis xd;W jpul;ly;

Kfhikj;Jtk;

kd;dhu; khtl;l
flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;fq;fspd;
rkhrk;:

flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;f
mq;fj;jtu;fis ,iz
Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;by;
<LgLj;jy;
rkhrj;jpd; jPu;khdq;fSf;F rfy
rq;fq;fspdJk; xj;Jiog;Gfis
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;

fly; tsq;fis
ghJfhg;gjw;fhd
mOj;jq;fis
nfhLj;jy;

G+efup flw;nwhopy;
$l;LwTr;rq;fq;fspd; rkhrk;

mq;fj;jtu;fNshL ,ize;J
nraw;gLtjhy; ,iz Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;by; mq;fj;jtu;fis ,izj;jy;

kdpj tsq;fis
xd;Wjpul;b fly;
tsq;fis
ghJfhg;gjw;fhd
eltbf;iffspy;
<LgLj;jy;

aho; khtl;l flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd;

$l;LwTr;rq;f
rkhrq;fspd;
rk;Nksdk;:

,iz Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;bw;F gpujpepjpfis njupT nra;jy;>

xj;Jiog;Gfis toq;Fjy;

fpuhkpa kPdt
rk;Nksdk;> G+efup

gpujpepjpfis ,izj;jy;

Ky;iyj;jPT khtl;l flw;nwhopy;

rkhrk;> Ky;iyj;jPT

flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;f
mq;fj;jtu;fis ,iz
Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;by;
<LgLj;jy;
xj;Jiog;Gfis toq;Fjy;

tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd;
,izak;

mq;fj;jtu;fis ,izj;jy;
kf;fspd; xj;Jiog;Gfis
ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;
jiyikj;Jtq;fis Vw;wy;

gpur;rpidfSf;fhd jPu;it
NjLtjpy; mikg;ig Rw;wp
kPdtu;fis xd;W jpul;Ltjw;fhd
re;ju;g;gk; cs;sik.

28

 29

6. kPdt
kf;fSf;fhd
mgptpUj;jp
kw;Wk;
Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;F cfe;j xUq;fpize;j
nraw;ghl;bw;Fr; nry;ifapy; cs;s jilfs;

kPdt rq;fq;fs; mjpfhupfspd; MNyhridf;F Vw;g
nraw;gl Ntz;ba epiy mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghl;bw;fhd nghJ
nraw;ghlhd ,iz Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;bYk; jhf;fk;
nrYj;Jk;. mjdbg;gilapy; ,t; fl;likg;ig nraw;gLj;Jk; NghJ
,f;fhuzpia ntw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;F kPdt nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs;
tpNrlkhf tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd; ,izaj;jpd;
jiytu;fs; kpf Kf;fpakhf nraw;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. mj;NjhL
kPdt rq;fq;fspd; mq;fj;jtu;fs; jkJ mikg;gpd; Clhf
gpur;rpidfSf;fhd jPu;it NjLtjw;F Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Rfy
nghWg;GfisAk; murpay;thjpfs; kl;by; my;yJ flw;nwhopy;
mjpfhupfs; kl;by; jpzpj;Jtpl;L kPdtu;fSk; kPdtj; jiytu;fSk;
Rk;khapUe;Jtpl KbahJ.
mNjNghy; mjpfhupfSk; jkf;F cs;s nghWg;Gf;fspypUe;J
efu;e;J tpl KbahJ. tpNrlkhf epiyj;jpUf;ff;$ba kPd;gpb
njhopYf;fhd epiyikia cUthf;Fjy; kw;Wk; rl;lj;ij
rupahd Kiwapy; epiwNtw;Wtjw;F mjpfhupfs; rpwg;ghf nraw;gl
Ntz;Lk;.
,jd;NghJ gy ,lu;fis fz;lwpaf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ. ,itfis
ntd;nwLg;gJ fbdkhd fhupaky;y. vy;NyhUk; ek;gpf;ifAld;
xd;wpize;J nraw;gLtNj kpf Kf;fpakhFk;.
kPdt rq;fq;fs; kw;Wk; mq;fj;jtu;fspd; gytPdk;
rl;ltpNuhj
kPd;gpbapy;
<LgLjy;
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;glhik

kw;Wk;

kPdt kf;fspilNa rupahd Nrkpg;G ,y;yhik

30

rl;lq;fs;

 fhg;GWjp njhlu;ghd njsptpd;ik

mur mjpfhupfs;
gpur;rpidfs;

kw;Wk;

murpay;

mjpfhupfshy;

Vw;gLk;

mur mjpfhupfs; nraw;wpuNdhL nraw;glhik> murpay;

jiyaPLfspdhy; cz;ikaha; ciof;F kPdt mjpfhupfs;
nray; ,of;fpd;wik
tl
khfhzj;jpw;F
jFjpahd
mjpfhuq;fs;
toq;fg;glhikapdhy; rl;lq;fis ,aw;Wk;NghJ mjw;fhd
gq;fspg;Gfis nra;a Kbahik
kPdt kf;fspd; mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghd
rupahd jpl;lkply; ,y;yhik
kPdtu;fspd;
xj;Jiog;Gfs;
,Ue;Jk;
fl;wnwhopy;
jpizf;fsk; rupahf nraw;glhikapdhy; rq;fq;fspd;
nraw;ghLfis rpwg;ghf Kd;ndlf;f Kbahik

mur Jiwapdu; kpf Mokhf mtjhdj;ij nrYj;j Ntz;ba

nfhs;if uPjpahd fhuzpfs;
kPdt kf;fs; kw;Wk; kPd;gpb njhopy; njhlu;ghf r%fj;jpy;
rpwe;j njsptpd;ik
kPdt r%fj;jpNy ed;whf fw;W Kd;Ndwpa khztu;fSf;F
cupa njhopy; toq;fg;glhik
fly; njhopy; njhlu;ghf mjd; rpwg;Gj; jd;ik njhlghf
tpopg;G+l;b
Gjpa
njhopy;El;g
Kiwapy;
njhopypy;
<LgLtjw;fhd fy;yp eltbf;iffs; ,y;yhik
31

 khtl;l flw;nwhopy; $l;LwTr;rq;fk; kw;Wk; fpuhkpa kPdt

rk;Nksdj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; fhzg;gLk; NtWghL fhuzkhf
$l;LwTr;rq;fq;fs;
rpwg;ghd
Kiwapy;
Nritfis
ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahik

7. vjpu;fhy eltbf;iffs;
,iz Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;il Kd;ndLf;fpd;w NghJ ehk;
gy;NtW tifahd jilfs;> rthy;fois re;jpf;f Ntz;b
Vw;gLk;. vdpDk; kPdt r%fj;Jf;fpilapy; cs;s Kuz;ghLfis
fiye;J xd;wpize;J ehk; vg;gb nraw;gl Nghfpd;Nwhk; vd;gij
rupahf Gupe;J nraw;gLtJ kpf Kf;fpakhFk;. ,r;nraw;ghl;by;
tl khfhz flw;nwhopyhsu;fspd; ,izak; ghupa gq;fspg;ig
kw;Wk; mu;gzpg;gig nra;fpd;wJ vd;gJ njspthf ,uf;fpwJ.
,jd;NghJ rfy rf;jpfisAk; ,izj;Jf;nfhz;L Aj;jj;jhy; kpf
Nkhrkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;l kPdt kf;fspd; tWikia Nghf;fp> czT
jd;dhjpf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F kPdt kf;fNshL ,ize;j
xUq;fpize;j nraw;ghL mtrpak;.
,jw;fhf tl khfhzj;jpy; nraw;gLk; kPdt rq;fq;fs;
kw;Wk; kPdt kf;fspd; rf;jpfis xd;wpizg;gjw;F ehk; ,e;j
Ma;tpd; Clhf Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;Nlhk;. vjpu;fhyj;jpy;
nraw;gLj;jtpUf;fpd;w ,iz Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;bd; Clhf
,f; fUj;jhdJ NkYk; tYtile;J nraw;gLtjw;F trjpahf
,Uf;Fk;. vdNt ,iz Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;Lld; rfy
jug;gpdUk; mjhtJ rfy mikg;GfSk; kpf xw;WikAld; kw;Wk;
xj;Jiog;Gld; nraw;gLtJ kpf mtrpakhFk;. ,jw;fhf cs;s
rfy rf;jpfspYk; XusthtJ jkJ mu;g;gzpg;ig nra;ahjtplj;J
,iz Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;il rpwg;ghf Kd;ndLf;f KbahJ
NghFk;.
32