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DEVELOPMENTS OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING IN THE WORLD
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING IN THE
WORLD:-
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING IN THE
WORLD: people were concerned about diseases
and had some knowledge of its treatment.
Medical carte was given by religious
leaders or priests who were revered by the
society.
Record history of ancient civilization such
as Babylonian, Hebrew, greek and roman
reveals that they possessed knowledge of
personal hygiene, community
responsibility and medicine.
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING IN THE
WORLD: They
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING IN THE
WORLD: This
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING IN THE
WORLD: his
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
IN
INDIA:
ANCIENT
PERIOD:- The
development of public health nursing
in India started much later as
compared to developed countries of
the west. But public health in India
was in practice much before its
development in western countries.
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
IN
INDIA:
The
Indian history revealed its public
health practice as early as 5000BC.
The period can be classified as vedic
period and post vedic period. During
the vedic period the sacred books
Upanishads and Vedas- especially the
atharveda documented all the
knowledge about medicine,personal
hygiene,prevention of sickness etc.
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
IN
INDIA:
The
post vedic period (500BC to 700)
started with the rise of Buddhism,
Buddhism emboied the principles of
nonviolence, helping the sick,poor
and needy people, self discipline,self
education, charity towards all men
etc.
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
IN
INDIA:
BRITISH
PERIOD ( 18TH century
to 1947):- The british had
estabilished its rule in India in 1757
by establishing civil and military
services. In 1859, the administration
of India was taken over by the crown
from east India company.
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
IN
INDIA:In 1859,
a royal commission which
came to India to study the problem,
recommended to establish sanitary
commission of five persons each in
Bengal, Bombay and madras.
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
IN
INDIA:
In1896,
following the out break of
epidemic of plague, aplague
commission was set up to investigate
its
epidemiological aspects. As result of
investigation and suggestion,
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
IN
INDIA:
In1912,
the local government bodies
were made responcible to execute
various health services according to
over all plans and directions of
central government.
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
IN
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
IN
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
IN
INDIA:DEVELOPMENT
SINCE
INDEPENDENCE( 1947ONWARDS)
:Before India attained independence
on 15th august 1947, some of the
provinces and princely states of India
were parted to constitute Pakistan.
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
IN
INDIA:
This
effected change in demographic,
Political and socio-economic aspects.
At the same time, a large number of
people from Pakistan migrated to
India.
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
IN
INDIA:
The
government of India at that time
faced a large number of socioeconomic and public health
problems. But because of new
constitutional policies and the
enthusiastic attitude of political
leaders, administrators and the
people in general, the government
could manage to overcome initial
difficulties,implement strict public
health measures to prevent
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
IN
INDIA:
planning
commission was
constituted top help government to
plan out integrated development
plan for the entire country with in the
available resourses for a defined
period of five years for its socoieconomic progress. The planning
commission has been responsible for
ten five year plans.
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COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING ISSUES: The
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COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING ISSUES:who is assessed by community
health nurses: the individual,
family, group, or community ?
what do community health nurses
assess ?
what nursing diagnosis do
community health nurses use ?
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COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING ISSUES:what types of nursing interventions
do community health nurses use in
practice ? differ with differences in
client focus ?
how do interventions differ with
differences in client focus
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COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING ISSUES:
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COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING ISSUES: ASSESSMENT:-
the previously
listed questions, which challenge
community health nurses
suggest that there may be wide
variety of areas that are
considered appropriate and
necessary for assessment in
community health nursing.
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COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING ISSUES: DIAGNOSIS:-
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COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING ISSUES:Muecke (1984) critiques the concept
of community health diagnosis and
proposes the following steps to
identify the community of concern
identification of the health risk of
the community.
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COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING ISSUES:specification of the characteristics
of the community and its
environment that are etiologically
associated with the risk
specification of the health indicators
that verify the risk.
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COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING ISSUES:GOALS:- goeppingere (1984) examines the
principles issues of community helth
nursing from the perspective of the
following questions
what are the goals of community health
nursing practice ?
what are the target system that
community health nurses intend to change
?
in what setting do community health
nurses practice
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COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING ISSUES: INTERVENTIONS:-
A major nursing
intervention issue is that of the
measurement of costs of community
health nursing in the home health
care setting. Kovner categorizes
alternatives in to four models. Per
visit, acuity of care, hourly, and by
diagnosis.
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COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING ISSUES: The
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING ISSUES:EVALUATION:- measurement of the
outcomes of community health nursing
care leads to avariety of questions and
issues.
what are the consequences of organizing
care around reimbursement guidelines
rather than a theory- based approach?
what level of focus of community health
nursing is most cost-effective: individual,
families, group or communities?
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COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING ISSUES:what are the effects of changes in
referral patterns, level of illness of
clients referred,intensity of services
required, and quality of services
delivered ?
what measures of patient outcomes
in terms of behavioral or functional
changes can be used to evaluate
the interventions of community
health nurses ?
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COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING ISSUES:what are the effects of different
management procedures for
specific types of clients ?
what is the effect of various
management structures and types
of agencies on the way home care
is delivered ?
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CURRENT ISSUES
school
CURRENT ISSUES
National
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CURRENT ISSUES
Health
TRENDS IN COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING
The major forces for shaping
nursing role in the health care
environment are considered to
be.
Shifting payment system.
increased proportion of the
aged population.
increased competition among
health care providers.
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TRENDS IN COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING
increased complexity of client
needs and severity of client
conditions.
government intervention in cost
containment.
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TRENDS IN COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING
TRENDS
IN HEALTH CARE
DELIVERY
CONSUMER TRENDS
NURSES AND PRACTICE
LEADERSHIP AND CHANGE
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SCOPE OF COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING
Areas of activities of community
health falls in to four catagories
described below.
those areas where activities must
be on a community basis
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SCOPE OF COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING
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SCOPE OF COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING
SCOPE OF COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING
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SCOPE OF COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING
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SCOPE OF COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING
Those areas of health , medical and
nursing which need organized
official leadership.
providing facilities for under
graduates, postgraduates and
continuing education programmes
in concerned fields
promoting of equitable distribution
of health man power and facilities
research.
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HEALTH TECHNOLOGY
DEFINITION:Health technologies are
evidence-based when they meet
well-defined specifications and
have been validated through
controlled clinical studies or rest
on a widely accepted consensus
by experts.
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HEALTH TECHNOLOGY
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY
ASSESSMENT (HTA)
Basic HTA Orientations
Technology-oriented
assessments
Problem-oriented assessments
Project-oriented assessments
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PURPOSES OF HTA
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PURPOSES OF HTA
Clinicians and patients about the
appropriate use of health care
interventions for a particular
patients clinical needs and
circumstances
Health professional associations
about the role of a technology in
clinical protocols or practice
guidelines
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PURPOSES OF HTA
PURPOSES OF HTA
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HEALTH TECHNOLOGY
ASSESSMENT PROGRAM
The(HTA)
primary goals are to make:
Health
OHTAC
CRITERIA : Technology must improve the
net health outcome and/or
safety for patients and/or
providers or improve health
systems efficiency.
Technology must be at least as
beneficial as any established
alternative
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OHTAC
1. Technology must be licensed by
Health Canada and have received
other applicable licensing or
approvals from appropriate
governmental or regulatory bodies
(e.g. the Canadian Nuclear Safety
Commission).
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Thank you
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