Modeling and Simulation in XENDEE

IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder

Shammya Saha
Graduate Research Assistant
Electrical Engineering
Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering
Arizona State University
shammya.saha@asu.edu

Nathan Johnson
Assistant Professor
The Polytechnic School
Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering
Arizona State University
nathanjohnson@asu.edu

March 14, 2016

This document is one of several guides designed to support skills development in distribution
network modeling. It can be used during standard university curricula, a short industry course,
self-guided lessons, peer learning, or other training opportunities. Files resulting from the guide
can also be modified at the discretion of the user to pursue advanced topics of analysis. The IEEE
Test Feeders are used as examples given their wide recognition and use. Resulting power flow
analysis and short circuit analysis are presented in separate documents for each test feeder.
Each guide is developed through a partnership between Arizona State University researchers and
XENDEE. These training guides have been successfully used to train people individually, in small
and large classrooms, during interactive micro-grid boot camps, and during short sessions for
industry integrators and operators.

IEEE 13 NODE TEST FEEDER IN BRIEF:

IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder is very small and used to test common features of distribution analysis
software, operating at 4.16 kV. It is characterized by being short, relatively highly loaded, a single
voltage regulator at the substation, overhead and underground lines, two shunt capacitors, an inline transformer, and total 9 unbalanced loads.

IEEE 13 NODE TEST FEEDER ONE-LINE DIAGRAM

The below figure shows the one-line diagram of the IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder available in the
IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder.doc file.

The below figure shows the one-line diagram of the IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder built in XENDEE.

MODELING & SIMULATION IN XENDEE:

IEEE 13 NODE TEST FEEDER

SAHA & JOHNSON 2016

1. OVERVIEW AND TECHNOLOGIES

This document describes how to model the IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder in the XENDEE cloud
computing platform. XENDEE simulation models and system infrastructure documentation are
also included with this guide.
OpenDSS, an open-source technology developed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI),
is a powerful analytics engine capable of simulating complex multi-phase electrical power
distribution systems. XENDEE enhances EPRI OpenDSS with enterprise level features such as
visualization, design, simulation, and reporting automation. XENDEE is a web-based analytical
tool that runs in Mozilla Firefox (Windows) or Safari (Mac) using the Microsoft Silverlight addon.

2. ATTACHMENT AND RELEVANT DOCUMENTS

This package (IEEE13Node.zip) includes XENDEE model files (.xpf) that can be imported to
create a personal XENDEE project library. Additional supporting files required for independent
testing and verification are listed in Table 1.
Table 1. List of XENDEE Files Along with Supporting Files for XENDEE Modeling.
File Name

File Details

IEEE_13_LVRauto.xpf

XENDEE XML model with auto-adjusting regulators

IEEE_13_LVRtapsFixed.xpf

XENDEE XML model with fixed tap transformers

Cap data.xls

Shunt capacitor data

Transformer data.xls

Transformer Parameters

Distributed load data.xls

Distributed load data in kW, kVAR, and power factor

Spot load data.xls

Spot load data in kW, kVAR, and power factor

Line Configurations.xls

Overhead wire model and pole configuration data

Line data.xls

Connectivity and configuration data for each segment

IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder.doc

IEEE Power Flow Results

IEEE Test Feeder.pdf

Details of wire parameters and pole construction

Regulator Data.xls

Details of Line Regulator

Matrix to Sequence.xls

Excel file for converting Underground Cable data to sequence data

UG configuration.xls

Underground Cable configuration data

MODELING & SIMULATION IN XENDEE:

IEEE 13 NODE TEST FEEDER

SAHA & JOHNSON 2016

IEEE_13_LVRauto.xpf A XENDEE model that implements line voltage regulators (LVRs) as

suggested by EPRI. Specifically, OpenDSS simulates tap changes and then recalculates power
flow. Many other software tools complete power flow studies using only estimates of tap changes.
IEEE_13_LVRtapsFixed.xpf A XENDEE model of the same network but with single-phase
transformers with fixed tap settings defined to match IEEE data.

3. THE XENDEE NETWORK MODEL

XENDEE automatically generates a one-line diagram and adjusts the layout to accommodate new
nodes added to the system. Additional nodes are needed beyond the standard 13 nodes because of
the mid-nodes that are created in-between nodes to simulate distributed loads.

3.1 POWER UTILITY (SLACK BUS)

The utility has been modeled as a 115 kV three phase source (Figure 1). All other parameters for
the utility were kept at their default value as shown in XENDEE.

Figure 1. Slack Bus with model (left) and power flow solution (right).

3.2 TRANSMISSION LINE MODELING

Modeling power flow along a transmission line requires data including (1) line length between two
nodes, (2) line parameters and pole construction data at a specific bus.
Line Data.xls Line length between two nodes with the configuration for that specific line.
Line Configuration.xls Line parameters including the Geometric Mean Ratio (GMR) of the
line and resistance per mile. Values pulled from the XENDEE overhead line catalogue.
XENDEE code words for a specific ACSR wire are present in this file (see Table 2). Pole
construction data is also included for the each type of configuration.
MODELING & SIMULATION IN XENDEE:
IEEE 13 NODE TEST FEEDER

SAHA & JOHNSON 2016

IEEE Test Feeder.pdf All details summarized for the IEEE Test Feeder.
Table 2. IEEE Conductor Models in XENDEE
IEEE Conductor Model

Corresponding code
word from XENDEE
Catalogue

ACSR 556,500 26/7

IEEE 2

ACSR #2 6/1

IEEE 11

ACSR 1/0

IEEE 8

3.3 TRANSFORMER MODELING

Transformers are modeled in XENDEE according to the winding connection provided in the Excel
file.

Figure 2. Transmission Line with model (left) and power flow solution (right).

Transformer Data.xls Transformer model data. XENDEE requires % and

modeling a transformer as given in Table 3.

% ratio for

Table 3. Transformer Parameters for IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder

MODELING & SIMULATION IN XENDEE:

IEEE 13 NODE TEST FEEDER

SAHA & JOHNSON 2016

Substation Transformer
Ignored in the IEEE results
XFM-1

1.00

8.00

% = +
8.062

(/)%

1.9

4.08

2.283

1.818

8.000

Substation transformer impedances are provided but they are not used by IEEE for power flow
analysis. IEEE reports results that assume voltage begins at the substation bus at the designated

voltage. To address this issue, a substation transformer in XENDEE has % of 0.001% and %
of 1.001%.

Figure 3. Transformer with model (left) and power flow solution (right).

3.4 LINE VOLTAGE REGULATOR MODELING

A line voltage regulator is connected between two nodes or two buses. This regulator modifies the
line voltage in case of sudden addition or loss of load connected to the distribution network.
Regulator Data.xls Contains line voltage regulator information.
IEEE_13_LVRauto.xpf uses LVR with automatic tap control. This is used for modern
distribution system analysis rather than estimated tap control. Additional information required to
model the LVR in XENDEE is provided in Table 4.

Table 4. LVR Parameters for IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder

Parameter
MODELING & SIMULATION IN XENDEE:
IEEE 13 NODE TEST FEEDER

Value

SAHA & JOHNSON 2016

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Rating
Impedance
/% ratio
Delay
Tapping

2MVA
0.001%
1.001
30s
Secondary

The LVR is modeled by a single phase transformer with a fixed tap setting. Similarly, a three phase
LVR is modeled by three single phase transformers each associated with an individual phase and
a fixed tap position.
IEEE_13_LVRtapsFixed.xls uses single phase transformers with fixed tapping instead of LVR.
The fixed tap values are present in IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder.doc in the power flow results
section. Each LVR fixed tap setting is calculated using the following equation:
% = 100 + 0.625

For example, if the transformer tap in the power flow solution is kept at position 12, the
corresponding percentage tap in XENDEE is: 100 + 0.625 12 = 107.5%

Figure 4. LVR with model (top) and power flow solution (bottom).

3.5 MODELING LOADS

There are two types of loads in the IEEE test system:
MODELING & SIMULATION IN XENDEE:
IEEE 13 NODE TEST FEEDER

SAHA & JOHNSON 2016

Spot loads Loads connected to a specific node

Distributed loads- Loads distributed between two connected nodes

3.5.1 SPOT LOADS
All spot loads have their respective load model (constant power, constant impedance, constant
current) type defined and are considered balanced across all three phases. These loads are modeled
as three phase with appropriate load model.
Spot_Load_Data.xls includes spot load data.

Figure 5. Spot loads with model (left) and power flow solution (right).

The power factor for the load is calculated in the Excel file. XENDEE requires the power factor
be given as a percentage of the load. See column heading Power Factor (%).

3.5.2 DISTRIBUTED LOADS

Unbalanced load data for distributed loads are included in a separate file.
Distributed_Load_data.xls includes distributed load data.
Modeling a distributed load requires creating an additional node between the two nodes across
which the distributed load is applied. For example, the IEEE test case provides information for
distributed loads that can be connected between two nodes as shown in Figure 6a.

MODELING & SIMULATION IN XENDEE:

IEEE 13 NODE TEST FEEDER

SAHA & JOHNSON 2016

Figure 6a. Distributed load schematic for IEEE test case.

XENDEE / EPRI OpenDSS approach this scenario by inserting a middle node and modeling two
overhead wires of the same configuration but each having one-half the length of the original line.
Figure 6b shows this approach for the original line shown in Figure 6a.

Figure 6b. Distributed load schematic using one-half line length.

In looking at an example from the actual IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder system, Figure 7 shows an
extra node created at the midpoint between nodes 632 and 671. That distributed load is connected
to that middle node.

MODELING & SIMULATION IN XENDEE:

IEEE 13 NODE TEST FEEDER

SAHA & JOHNSON 2016

Figure 7. Distributed loads with model (left) and power flow solution (right).

3.6 MODELING SHUNT CAPACITOR

The shunt capacitor parameters are available in the Shunt Capacitor Excel file. They are modeled
using the capacitor bus in XENDEE according to their phase information.

Figure 8. Shunt capacitors with model (left) and power flow solution (right).

MODELING & SIMULATION IN XENDEE:

IEEE 13 NODE TEST FEEDER

SAHA & JOHNSON 2016

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3.7 MODELING UNDERGROUND CABLE

IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder has two underground cable connection. XENDEE requires the positive
and zero sequence resistance and reactance to model underground cables.
Matrix to Sequence.xls is a excel file that calculates the positive and zero sequence resistance
and impedance. The Z matrix for that specified line configuration is provided in the IEEE 13 Node
Test Feeder.doc file.
The excel file has two separate sheets for underground cable configuration 606 and 607
respectively. The parameter values required for modeling underground cable in XENDEE are
provided in Table 5.
Table 5. Underground Cable Parameter for Configuration 606 and 607
Parameter
R+
X+
R0
X0

Configuration 606

0.09231
0.07862
0.26718
0.08834

Configuration 607
0.084753
0.032349
0.084754
0.032349

The underground cable modeled in XENDEE are shown in Fig. 9 along with the power flow
results associated with it.

Figure 9. Underground Cable with model (left) and power flow solution (right).

MODELING & SIMULATION IN XENDEE:

IEEE 13 NODE TEST FEEDER

SAHA & JOHNSON 2016

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4. MODEL AND SIMULATION VALIDATION: IEEE_13_LVRTAPSFIXED.XPF

4.1 RADIAL FLOW SUMMARY
Real power, reactive power, and system with losses are given in Table 6 with comparisons between
XENDEE simulation results and those reported in IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder.doc.
Table 6. Comparison of Power and Losses between IEEE Results & XENDEE Simulation.

Output Result
Total System input MW
Total System input MVAR
Total System kW Loss
Total System kVAR Loss

IEEE
3.577
1.724
111.063
324.653

XENDEE
3.579
1.725
108.577
322.407

Difference (%)
0.0559
0.0579
2.2384
0.6918

4.2 VOLTAGE PROFILE VALIDATION

The voltage profile of selected nodes is provided in Table 7 for comparison.
Table 7. Comparison of Phase Voltage Magnitude & Angle between IEEE Results & XENDEE Simulation.
Node
671
680
684
611

IEEE
A-N
0.9900

XENDEE
A-N
0.9898

IEEE
B-N
1.0529

XENDEE
B-N
1.0537

IEEE
C-N
0.9778

XENDEE
C-N
0.9793

IEEE
Angles
-5.3/-122.3/116.0

XENDE
Angles
-5.3/-122.4/116.1

0.9900
0.9881

0.9898
0.98846

1.0529

1.0537

0.9778
0.9758
0.9738

0.9793
0.9783
0.97635

-5.3/-122.3/116.0
-5.3/
/115.9
/115.8

-5.3/-122.4/116.1
-5.3/
/116.0
/115.9

The voltage profile at each node can be viewed within the annotation view in XENDEE. Moreover,
the professional report view in XENDEE can be used to check voltages at any node.

4.3 CURRENT FLOW VALIDATION

The magnitude of current through selected lines is provided in Table 8.
Table 8. Comparison of Phase Current Magnitude between IEEE Results & XENDEE Simulation.
Line

From
Node

To
Node

L632_645

632

645

L634

634

Load634

L611c

611

Load611c

L692_675

692

675

IEEE
Phase A

704.83

205.33

MODELING & SIMULATION IN XENDEE:

IEEE 13 NODE TEST FEEDER

XENDEE
Phase A

707.402

205.353

IEEE
Phase B

XENDEE
Phase B

IEEE
Phase C

XENDEE
Phase C

143.02

142.929

65.21

65.4452

529.73

531.105

543.45

544.701

71.15

78.3514

124.07

123.886

69.59

69.5161

SAHA & JOHNSON 2016

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The annotation view in XENDEE can also be used to view current values through individual lines
for each phase.

5 ADDITIONAL NOTES
We hope you have benefited from this step-by-step guide to creating an IEEE Test Feeder in
XENDEE. The full XENDEE results report can be generated by importing and simulating the
models referenced in this guide. The partnership with XENDEE has allowed our education and
research programs at Arizona State University to grow rapidly through the easy-to-use and
versatile user interface. You can find out more about our research, computational lab, micro-grid
test bed, and capacity building programs at http://faculty.engineering.asu.edu/nathanjohnson/

Visit XENDEE at www.xendee.com to access the online simulation tool

Data for the IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder can be downloaded from the Web at
http://ewh.ieee.org/soc/pes/dsacom/testfeeders/index.html
To learn OpenDSS visit http://smartgrid.epri.com/SimulationTool.aspx

MODELING & SIMULATION IN XENDEE:

IEEE 13 NODE TEST FEEDER

SAHA & JOHNSON 2016