Expansion Joint Beginer

10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.

presents:
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Presenter
John T. Demusz
Manager US Bellows, Inc.
www.usbellows.com
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Certifications
Manufacturing Facility
EJMA Member
ASME U-Stamp
ASME R-Stamp
ASME NS Certified
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
Minority Business Enterprise

(MBE) by City of Houston
Houston Minority Business

Council (HMBC)
Houston, Texas USA
450,000 Square Feet of Covered

Shop Space on a 35 Acre
Property
Located Near the Port of Houston
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
EJMA Members
CodeCalc program snapshot

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10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Expansion Joint
Metallic
Fabric
Rubber
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Fossil Fuel
Power Plant
Chemical &
Petrochemical
Stationary Engine
Exhaust
Pulp & Paper
Power
Heat
Exchangers
Municipal Water
Districts
Aerospace Turbo
Engine Exhaust
District
Energy
FCC Units
Waste Water
Treatment
Truck Exhaust
Gas Turbines
U.S. Navy
Solid Waste
Incineration
Heavy Metal
Steam
Distribution
Kilns
Environmental
Applications
Marine Piping &

Exhaust
Geothermal
Power Plants
Furnace Sealing
Bags
Liquefied Natural
Gas (LNG) Service
Refinery
Research &
Development
HVAC Building
Heating & Cooling
Systems
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10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
O Introduction
O Pipe & Duct Movement
O Metallic vs. Fabric
O Expansion Joints
O Metal
O Fabric
O Expansion Joint Failures

O Maintenance
O Conclusion
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Chemical Plant
Power Plant
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10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
O A flexible
assembly, that
includes a metallic,
fabric or rubber
flexible component,
that will be installed
into a pipe, tube or
duct.
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10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Complexity
Movement
Simple
Semi
Complex
None
Moves up &
down a little bit
Really
Complex
Moves in all
directions,
vibrates, & large
movements
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10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
OUTSIDE
DIAMETER
INSIDE DIAMETER
WALL THICKNESS
LIVE-LENGTH OF
BELLOWS
PITCH
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Axial Movement
Lateral Movement
Angular Movement
Torsional Movement
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10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Gimbal Expansion Joint
Tied Single Expansion Joint
Expansion Joint Movement
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Universal Expansion Joint

Tied Universal Expansion Joint
Hinged Universal Expansion Joint
Single Expansion Joint
Slotted Hinged Expansion Joint
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10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
O Pipe diameter
O Type of media
O Flow media rate
O Type & amount of movement
O End fittings & extra components

O Design Pressure
O Design Temperature
O Service conditions
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
www.usbellows.com
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Metallic
Expansion Joints
Fabric Expansion
Joints
Design Time
1-2 days
1-2 days
Project Time
8 weeks
8 weeks
Fabrication
Complexity
Complicated
Moderately
complicated
Engineer Time
Alotted
Takes more time
Takes less time
Other
Customer
Approval,
Customer
Approval
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Depending on the style or design of a bellows, wall

thicknesses may range from:
.010 TO .500 wall with varying
number of plies in the various alloys
STAINLESS STEEL T-321, T-316, L & H, T-304, L &H

MONEL 400
INCONEL 625
INCONEL 625 LCF
INCOLOY 800
INCOLOY 825
HASTELLOY C-276
TITANIUM
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10
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
The original
piece of steel
Creation of the
convolutions/bell
ows
The reroll
process of the
bellows
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11
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
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12
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
O THE LOAD IN POUNDS REQUIRED TO COMPRESS A
BELLOWS ONE INCH (lb/in).
www.usbellows.com
13
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Burst Test
Dye Penetration Testing
Hydrostatic Testing
Magnetic Particle
Ultrasonic
Cycle Test
Burst Test
Helium Leak Detection
Liquid Penetrant
Inspection
Radiography Test
Positive Material
Identification (PMI) Test
Pneumatic Testing
Spring Rate Testing
Fatigue Testing
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Stresses
Temperature Change
Repetitive Mechanical
Movements
Vibrations
Cycle Test on a 12" diameter A240-321SS Bellows with 8 convolutions.
The bellows has met the EMJA cycle life calculation of 1,000 cycles and
failed in the root of the convolutions at 1,285 cycles.
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14
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Limit Rods
It is sometimes desirable to limit the axial expansion or compression

of the expansion joint. Limit rods, shown above, provide freedom of
movement over a range determined by the location of nut stops along
the rods. In the event of a main anchor failure, limit rods are designed
to prevent bellows over-extension while restraining the full pressure
thrust of the system.
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
24" In-line Pressure Balanced Expansion Joints designed for 175

PSIG and 610F for a petrochemical plant in Venezuela
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15
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Pressure Balanced Elbow

Expansion Joints designed for 150
PSIG and 450F for a 42" steam line
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
36" Pressure Balanced Elbow Expansion Joints
54" Pressure
Balanced Elbow
Turbine Crossover
Expansion Joint
(Refurbished)
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16
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Universal Expansion Joint

Single Expansion Joints

with Stainless Steel Flanges
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
55" O.D. Double Gimbal Universal Expansion Joint for an FCC Unit.
The expansion joint is equipped with floating rings and Inco 625 LCF bellows.
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17
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
www.usbellows.com
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
44" Universal Refractory

Lined Expansion Joint
designed for 30 PSIG and
1400F
70" Tied Universal

Expansion Joint designed
for 51 PSIG and 1460F
36" Double Hinged

Expansion Joint
designed for 50 PSIG
and 1000F
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18
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Protective Covers & Internal Liners
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
* Ability to absorb large mounts of axial travel
* Pressure is applied externally to the bellows
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19
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Thick Wall Metallic Expansion

Joint
108" Diameter Thick Wall Expansion

Joint (with 2 convolutions)
Rectangular Expansion Joint
71" x 143" Round Corner Regular

Expansion Joint for an oil refinery in India
78" I.D. x 100" O.D. Thick Wall Expansion

Joint
Rectangular Metallic
Expansion Joint
240" x 80" and 157" x 65"
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
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20
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Metallic
Fabric
Cryogenic high temps.
High temperatures
Flexible element - bellows
Flexible element - fabric belt
High pressure services
Low pressure services
Maintenance free
Minimal maintenance
Timely repair & preset
Easy repair & preset
Limited movement
More movement
Limited size restraints
No size restraints
Non-combustible
Combustible
No torsional movement
Torsional movement
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Standard Fabric Expansion Joint
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21
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Fabric
Belt
Metal
Frame
Fabric EJ on
attached to duct
work
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Reinforced Silicone
Fabric
Temperature
PTFE Coated Glass

Cloth
Aluminized Glass
Cloth
Chemical
Resistance
Applications
Medium
High
Hot and Cold Water, Low

Pressure Steam, Neutral
Solutions
Resistant to deterioration by
weathering and engine oil
remains, UV / ozone / fungus
resistant
Low
High
Gaskets or Seals,
Recirculation Air, Air Intake
PTFE Impregnated Fiberglass,

PTFE Coated Glass Cloth
High tear / crease resistant,

Smooth / low friction / nonstick surface / high tensile
strength
Low
Medium
Exhaust Ventilation, Fume

Protection, Gaskets or Seals
Silica Fabric Cloth
High abrasion resistance,

Won't rot or mildew
Low
Low
Boiler Exhaust
Low
Low
Furnaces,
Kilns
Materials
Advantages
Low
Ambient - 250F
Butyl Rubber, Neoprene, Viton
High tensile strength,

Ozone and weathering
resistance
Medium
250 - 500F
Fiberglass, Reinforced Silicone
High
500 - 700F
High
700 - 1000F
High
1000 - 1800F
*3-layer
Silica Oxide Glass

Cloth
Silica/PTFE Fabric with Kaowool,

Excellent resistance to
Aluminized Glass Cloth with
chemicals, High temperature
Kaowool & PTFE
stability
Pressure
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22
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
FD Fan to Air Preheater

Air Preheater to Boiler
Air Preheater to Pulverizer
Air Preheater to Inlet from
Boiler
Air Preheater to
Precipitator or Bag house
Precipitator or Bag house
to ID Fan
ID Fan to Scrubber
Scrubber to Stack
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
High Temperature 3-Layer Expansion Joint
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23
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
High-Temp 23 " I.D. Fabric Expansion Joint
Stitching the Fabric Belt on the 1st Layer
128" x 229" Rectangular Fabric Expansion Joint

(Includes a Three Layer Belt)
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Emergency Response
Same-Day Emergency Service on an 8" Single Expansion Joint
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24
10/17/2013
U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Engineering and Design

O Piping, pipe support and
structural design
O 3D modeling technology
O Pipe Stress Analysis
O ANSYS
O Finite Element Analysis

O
Special stress/thermal problems
Pro/E for 3-D Part Design
ANSYS for Mesh Generation

+ Analysis + Results Analysis
O Field Testing
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U.S. Bellows, Inc.
Please forward any additional questions or inquiries to us at

sales@usbellows.com, call us at 877-660-1795 or visit our
website at www.usbellows.com
www.usbellows.com
25

Expansion Joint Beginer

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Expansion Joint Beginer

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10/17/2013

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

ISO 9001:2008 Certified

Minority Business Enterprise

Houston Minority Business

Houston, Texas USA

450,000 Square Feet of Covered

Located Near the Port of Houston

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

CodeCalc program snapshot

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

Pulp & Paper

Marine Piping &

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

O Expansion Joint Failures

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

Gimbal Expansion Joint

Tied Single Expansion Joint

Expansion Joint Movement

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

Universal Expansion Joint

Hinged Universal Expansion Joint

Single Expansion Joint

Slotted Hinged Expansion Joint

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

O End fittings & extra components

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

Takes more time

Takes less time

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

Depending on the style or design of a bellows, wall

STAINLESS STEEL T-321, T-316, L & H, T-304, L &H

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

O THE LOAD IN POUNDS REQUIRED TO COMPRESS A

BELLOWS ONE INCH (lb/in).

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

Dye Penetration Testing

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

It is sometimes desirable to limit the axial expansion or compression

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

24" In-line Pressure Balanced Expansion Joints designed for 175

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

Pressure Balanced Elbow

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

36" Pressure Balanced Elbow Expansion Joints

U.S. Bellows, Inc.

Universal Expansion Joint