CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
1.1.

Background
In human life, work, energy and power vital role it is necessary to be able

to master the material deepening of work, energy and power. We know that every
behavior we produce requires work and energy. Energy is the most needed thing
in the world because a lot of use of natural resources to be used as an easy and
cheap energy.
Work, energy and power in everyday life, you must do or see something
incident involving the work or energy, for it is in studied physics you do not need
to memorize. By understanding the concepts, you can apply and explain events
that occur in nature around you.
Work , energy and power are essential to human survival as where the
business it self is human behavior in order to continue his life. And energy was no
doubt very important for human life, especially in modern times like these, energy
is needed for cooking, activities, work, and so forth. Therefore, many people are
competing to find the energy alternative easy and cheap to get. Thus it creates a
wide range of energy include: solar energy, geothermal energy, energy, natural gas
and others. While power is the ability to convert a form of energy into a form of
energy. all it only aims to create prosperity for the people of the human life
growing inside technology.
"Some of the problem is often more difficult than what it seems" (Young,
2002:164). As we tried to find a new pace arrows released from a bow. We use
Newton's laws and the completion of all the techniques we've learned about, but
we have difficulty. After the archers shooting arrows, bowstring give varying
styles depending on the position of the arc. As a result, a simple method that we
learned was not enough to manghitung speed. Never fear, there are other methods
to solve these problems.

The new method soon we will see the use of ideas and energy work. We
will use the concept of energy to the study of physical phenomena that span very
wide. We will develop the concepts of work and kinetic energy to understand the
general concept of the energy and we'll see how the conservation of energy
appears.
1.2.

Problem Formulation
Based on the above background, got some formulation of the problem are:
1. How does the concept of work in physics?
2. How does the concept of energy in physics ?
3. How does the relation between work and energy ?
4. How does the concept of the law of conversation mechanical energy ?
5. How does the application of the law of conversation mechanical energy in
daily activity?
6. How does the concept of power in physics ?

1.3.

Purpose
The objectives to be achieved by the formulation of the problem which has
been described above is:
1. Knows the concept of work in physics.
2. Knows the concept of energy in physics.
3. Knows the relation between work and energy .
4. Knows the concept of the law of conservation mechanical energy.
5. Knows and able to application of the law of conservation mechanical
energy in daily activity
6. Knows the concept of power in physics.

1.4.

Significant
The benefits are expected in the writing of this paper are:
1. For Authors
In making this paper has provided the author and experience in preparing the
paper. In addition, the authors also got science to understand and analyze the
material in this paper from various sources such as reading reference books of
physics.
2. For Readers
The benefit for the reader of this paper, especially for students in order to
understand the concept of force, with heavy mass and distinguish the frictional
force in everyday life.

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1. Concept of Work in Physics
In physics, the word work has difference in meaning with that of used in
everyday life. In everyday live, work is defined as anything done by human.
While in physics, work is the defined as force acting upon an object that causes

the object to displace. Therefore, if a force acts upon an objects but the object
does not displace, then it is said that the force does not apply work.
For example, child is pushing a car. The child tries hard to push up the car
with all of her energy but the car does not move at all. Whether the child is said to
have attempted or doing work? In the everyday life of the child is said to have
been doing work, meaning that the child has been doing a task or job.
Understanding the work is different in everyday life is different in the sense of
work in physics. In physics, work is defined as the product of the force and
displacement. So, suppose there is a person who pushed the table but the table is
not moved, saying it has not made the work.
Statement 1
Edi and Dewa given the task of teachers to foster a table, so the table is shifted as
far 4 meters, although they provide only a small force.
Statement 2
Mr. Rohman and Miss Mega further encourages wardrobe with great style, but
despite trying so hard and with sweat pouring water cupboard does not move from
its position.
When we speak work in the daily course, we can say that the work at
second statement is larger in comparison with the work on the first statement. But
the statement other work terms with physics. In physics-related work is ventures
and movement styles. If an object is to get the style and experience the movement
of the things that gives the style had been doing work. And if an object exerts a
force even though the style is great, but the object is not experienced then its
displacement is zero or not going work. If an object is the force (F) and the object
is experiencing displacement (d) that the direction of the force applied then the
force has been doing work (W) of the force applied multiplied by the
displacement.
Then the work done by the force can we write in mathematically as follows:
W =Fd

By:
W

= joule or work unit Nm

= Force unit N or kg m/s2

= displacement unit m

With a quantity trade above can be negative or positive and can be worth zero.
Example question:
An object on the pull with a force of 40 N to the north and 80 south Newton
resulting object is shifted as far as 2 meters. Find work working on this style.
Hint:
F1 = 40 N
F2 = 120 N
Then R= F2-F1 = 120 N - 40 N = 80 Newton
S = 2 meters
Question:
W = .... Joule
Answer:
W = F d = 80 N x 2 m = 160 Joules

A. Positive Work

figure1

If the work done is in direction with displacement, it called work is positive. For
example, if there are positive works two children are pushing a table until that
table move at all. The force is constant the force is in the same direction as the
displacement of the object.

B. Negative Work

figure2
If the work done, when the force is in opposite direction it called the work done is
negative. Examples of group team tug of war has given utmost style, but the work
done by the team tug of war against A force that acts opposite to the direction of
motion of an object does negative work.
C. When Work is Zero

figure3
Work is to be worth zero if the force is not cause displacement. The force
causes the object not to displace. An example is a child pushing the wall though
with great power, but that wall not to displace. Another case when zero work is

done is when the displacement is zero. Think about a weight lifter holding a 200
lb barbell over her head. Even though the force applied is 200 lb, and work was
done in getting over her head, no work is done just holding it over her head.

CONSERVATIVE AND NON CONSERVATIVE FORCE

1. Conservative Force
Conservative forces have two important properties:
1. A force is conservative if the work it does on a particle moving between any
two points is independent of the path taken by the particle.
2. The work done by a conservative force on a particle moving through any closed
path is zero. (A closed path is one in which the beginning and end points are
identical.)
The gravitational force is one example of a conservative force, and the
force that a spring exerts on any object attached to the spring is another.
As you saw when lifting a book, the work that you do "against gravity" in
lifting is stored (somewhere... Physicists say that it is stored "in the gravitational
field" or stored "in the Earth/book system".) and is available for kinetic energy of
the book once you let go. Forces that store energy in this way are called
conservative forces. Gravity is a conservative force, and there are many others.
Elastic (Hooke's Law) forces, electric forces, etc. are conservative forces.
2. Non Conservative Force
A force is non conservative if it causes a change in mechanical energy E,
which we define as the sum of kinetic and potential energies.
Because the force of kinetic friction changes the mechanical energy of a system, it
is a non conservative force. From the workkinetic energy theorem, we see that
the work done by a conservative force on an object causes a change in the kinetic
energy of the object. The change in kinetic energy depends only on the initial and
final positions of the
object, and not on the path connecting these points. Thus, we see that for a non
conservative force, the change in kinetic energy depends on the path followed

between the initial and final points. If a potential energy is involved, then the
change in the total mechanical energy depends on the path followed.
As you say when pushing a book, the work that you do "against friction" is
apparently lost - it is certainly not available to the book as kinetic energy. Forces
that do not store energy are called non conservative or dissipative forces. Friction
is a non conservative force, and there are others. Any friction-type force, like air
resistance, is a non conservative force. The energy that it removes from the system
is no longer available to the system for kinetic energy.

2.2. Concept of Energy in Physics

a. Concept of Energy in Physics
Energy and work occupy an important part of our ordinary life and are among
the most important topics in physics. Energy exists in several forms such as
heat, mechanical energy ( potential and kinetic energy), light, electrical, or
other forms. But in this case, focus of explanation in mechanical energy.
We use energy to do work. The concepts of work and energy are closely tied
to the concept of force because an applied force can do work on an object and
cause a change in energy. Energy in physics is defined as the ability to do
work. When energy is changed from one form to another, the total amount
present does not change. The SI unit of energy is the joule (J) or newton-meter
(N * m). The joule is also the SI unit of work.
Mechanical energy is the energy that is possessed by an object due to its
motion or due to its position. Mechanical energy can be either kinetic energy
(energy of motion) or potential energy (stored energy of position). Objects
have mechanical energy if they are in motion and/or if they are at some
position relative to a zero potential energy position (for example, a brick held
at a vertical position above the ground or zero height position). A moving car
possesses mechanical energy due to its motion (kinetic energy). A moving
baseball possesses mechanical energy due to both its high speed (kinetic
energy) and its vertical position above the ground (gravitational potential
energy).
9

b. Potential Energy
An object can store energy as the result of its position.
For example :
1) the heavy ball of a demolition machine is storing energy when it is held at an
elevated position. This stored energy of position is referred to as potential
energy.
2) A drawn bow is able to store energy as the result of its position. When
assuming its usual position (i.e., when not drawn), there is no energy stored in
the bow.
Potential energy is the stored energy of position possessed by an object.

Figure 4. The massive ball and stretched

There are two kind of potential energy :
bowPotential Energy
1) Gravitational
As an object falls toward the Earth, the Earth exerts a gravitational
force mg on the object, with the direction of the force being the same as the
direction of the objects motion. The gravitational force does work on the
object and thereby increases the objects kinetic energy.
The two examples above illustrate the two forms of potential energy to
be discussed in this course - gravitational potential energy and elastic potential
energy. Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an object as the
result of its vertical position or height. The energy is stored as the result of the
gravitational attraction of the Earth for the object. The gravitational potential
energy of the massive ball of a demolition machine is dependent on two
variables - the mass of the ball and the height to which it is raised. There is a

10

direct relation between gravitational potential energy and the mass of an

object. More massive objects have greater gravitational potential energy.
There is also a direct relation between gravitational potential energy and the
height of an object. The higher that an object is elevated, the greater the
gravitational potential energy. The symbol for gravitational potential energy is
Ug. These relationships are expressed by the following equation:
U g =mgy
In the above equation,

m represents the mass of the object,

represents the height of the object and

g represents the gravitational field

strength (9.8 N/kg on Earth) - sometimes referred to as the acceleration of

gravity.
To determine the gravitational potential energy of an object, a zero
height position must first be arbitrarily assigned. Typically, the ground is
considered to be a position of zero height. But this is merely an arbitrarily
assigned position that most people agree upon. Since many of our labs are
done on tabletops, it is often customary to assign the tabletop to be the zero
height position. Again this is merely arbitrary. If the tabletop is the zero
position, then the potential energy of an object is based upon its height relative
to the tabletop. For example, a pendulum bob swinging to and from above the
tabletop has a potential energy that can be measured based on its height above
the tabletop. By measuring the mass of the bob and the height of the bob
above the tabletop, the potential energy of the bob can be determined.
Since the gravitational potential energy of an object is directly
proportional to its height above the zero position, a doubling of the height will
result in a doubling of the gravitational potential energy. A tripling of the
height will result in a tripling of the gravitational potential energy.
Sample Question :
1. A cat had climbed at the top of the tree. The Tree is 20 meters high and the cat
weighs 6kg. How much potential energy does the cat have?
The answer is :
m=6 kg

11

y=20 meters

g=9.8

m
s2

U g =mgy
U g =6 9.8 20=1176 J
From the problem above, we conclusion that gravitational potential energy
depend on mass and height.
2. Determine the blanks in the following diagram. Knowing that the potential
energy at the top of the tall platform is 50 J, what is the potential energy at the
other positions shown on the stair steps and the incline?

Figure 5. The gravitational potential energy in stairs

The answer is :
4
A= 50 J=40 J
5
3
B= 50 J =30 J
5
2
C= 50 J =20 J
5
1
D= 50 J=10 J
5
0
EF= 50 J =0 J
5

12

From problem above, the conclusion is since the mass is same with the other,
the gravitational potential energy only depend on height of an object.
3. In which scenario below does the ball have more gravitational potential energy
when sitting at the top? Why?
B
A

up
and
stairs
(A)Figure
10 N6. Ball
the straight
ball
(B)
10reach
N theupball
travels
travels straight up the

up the stairs to a height of

column to a height of 3

3 m.

m
The answer is :
The potential energy of ball is the same in top because gravitational potential
energy in elevating it 3 m is the same whether it is (A) lifted with 10 N up
reach 1 m stair until 3 stairs to get top. (B) lifted with 10 N of force.
4. A 800g ball is pulled up a slope as shown in the diagram. Calculate the
potential energy it gains.
50 cm
20 cm

Figure 7. Ball straight up the incline

The answer is :
m=800 g=0.8 kg
y=20 cm=0.2m

U g =mgy=0.8 kg 9.8

m
0.2 m=1.6 J
s2

13

From problem above, the conclusion that in potential energy problem we are
only interested in vertical distances.
2) Elastic Potential Energy
Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in elastic materials as the
result of their stretching or compressing. Elastic potential energy can be stored
in rubber bands, bungee chords, trampolines, springs, an arrow drawn into a
bow, etc. The amount of elastic potential energy stored in such a device is
related to the amount of stretch of the device - the more stretch, the more
stored energy.
Springs are a special instance of a device that can store elastic potential
energy due to either compression or stretching. For certain springs, the amount
of force is directly proportional to the amount of stretch or compression (x);
the constant of proportionality is known as the spring constant (k).

Figure 8.are
Ilustration
for elastic
potential
Such springs
said to follow
Hooke's
Law.energy
If a spring is not
stretched or compressed, then there is no elastic potential energy stored in it.
The spring is said to be at its equilibrium position. The equilibrium position is
the position that the spring naturally assumes when there is no force applied to
it. In terms of potential energy, the equilibrium position could be called the
zero-potential energy position. There is a special equation for springs that
relates the amount of elastic potential energy to the amount of stretch (or
compression) and the spring constant. The equation is :
1 2
Us= k x
2

14

Where

Us

is elastic potential energy ,

is spring constant,

is

amount of compression.

c. Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. An object that has motion whether it is vertical or horizontal motion - has kinetic energy. There are many
forms of kinetic energy - vibration (the energy due to vibration motion),
rotational (the energy due to rotational motion), and translational (the energy
due to motion from one location to another). To keep matters simple, we will
focus upon translational kinetic energy.
When we do work on a ball by throwing it, what becomes of this work ?
Let us suppose we apply the constant force F to the ball for a distance x before
it leaves our hand, as Figure under. The work done on the ball is therefore,
since cos =1 ,
W =Fx
The mass of the ball is m. As we throw it, its acceleration has the magnitude
F
a=
m
According to the second law of motion,
We know from the formula
rest (

v 0 =0

distance

F=ma

v f 2=v 02+2 ax

that when an object starting from

) undergoes an acceleration of magnitude

x , its final speed v

is related to a and

through a

by

v f =2 ax
Substitute
2

F
m

v f =2 ax=2

for , we find that

F
x
m

Which we can rewrite as

1
2
Fx= mv f
2

15

The quantity on the left-side,

Fx , is the work our hand has done in

throwing the ball, as in Figure. The quantity on the right-hand side,

1
m vf 2
,
2

must therefore be the energy acquired by the ball as a result of the work we
did on it. This energy is kinetic energy, energy of motion. That is, we interpret
that preceding equation as follows.
1
Fx= mv f 2
2
Work done on ball = kinetic energy of ball

The kinetic energy of an object of mass m and velocity v

1
2
K= m v
2
Where m is mass of object, v

is therefore

is velocity.

Example :
1. Find the kinetic energy of the car.

Figure 9. Car drove with velocity

The answer is :
1
1
K= m v 2= 1500 4 2=12000 J
2
2

2. A 600-g hammer head strikes a nail at a speed of 4.0 m/s and drives it 5.0 mm
into a wooden board. What is the average force on the nail ?

16

Figure 10. Hammer

The answer is :
The initial kinetic energy of the hammer head is

on the nail is

Fx . Hence

1
2
mv
, and the work done
2

1
2
Fx= mv
and
2

m
s2
mv
F=
=
=960 N
2x
2 ( 0.0050 m)
2

3.

( 0.6 kg ) 4.0

If the roller coaster car were moving with twice the initial speed, then what
would be its new kinetic energy?
1
1
1
K= m v 2= m ( 2 v )2= m 4 v 2=2m v 2
2
2
2

2.3. Relation Between Work and Energy

a. Relation Between Kinetic Energy and Work
Lets examine how can we derive an equation that expresses the relationship
between work and kinetic energy. Suppose we continue to impose force F on a
cart in motion. In a direction parallel to that carts velocity. That cart has mass
m and starts with an initial, uniform velocity of v.

Figure 11. Block drove until r m

Since F is defined as constant, the cart is experiencing uniform acceleration.
Therefore, if we represent the carts acceleration with

a , we know that the

following must be true :

v f 2v i2 =2 ad
Substitute using Newtons second law :

17

a=

F
m

And we will get the following

2 Fd
v f 2v i2 =
m
Then if we simply multiply both sides by 1/2 , we are there.
1
1
m v f 2 m v i2=Fd
2
2
1

K = 2 m v f 2 2 m v i 2
W =K f K i= K
In this case, in which work is done on a system and the only change in the
system is in its speed, the work done by the net force equals the change in
kinetic energy of the system ( Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem). Work-Kinetic
Energy Theorem applies to positive and negative work. If work, W, performed
on positive object ( direction of net force in the same direction with
displacement). But if work done is negative ( direction of net force is opposite
direction with displacement, then K

decreases. If total of work is zero, so

kinetic energy of an object is constant.

Example :
1. Two marbles, one heavier than the other two, dropped to the ground from the
roof of a building. shortly before hit the ground, determine the heavier marble
kinetic energy.
Answer :

Marble one have m1 and v 1 .

Marble two have m2 and v 2 .
v 1=

v2

m2=2 m1
K 1 1/2 m1 v 12
=
K 2 1/2 m1 v 22

18

K 1 1/2m 1 v 12
=
K 2 1/ 22 m 1 v 12
K 1 m1
=
K 2 2 m1
K 2=2 K 1

So, the kinetic energy of heavier marble is double than kinetic energy of light
marble.
2. A rocket of mass 1.5x104 kg accelerates at 220m/s2 for 29s from an initial
speed of 5200m/s. Determine change of kinetic energy rocket after 29s.
Answer :
Given :
m=1.5 10 4 kg
a=220

m
s2

t=29 s
v i=5200 m/ s
Find the velocity of rocket after 29s.
v f =v i+ at

v f =( 5200 m/s ) + 220

m
( 29 s )
2
s

v f =11589 m/ s
Calculate the change of kinetic energy rocket.
1
1
K = 2 m v f 2 2 m v i 2
1

K = 2 m(v f 2v i2 )
1

K = 2 ( 1.5 104 kg ) {(11589 m/s)2( 5200 m/s )2 }

19

K=

1
( 1.5 104 kg ) ( 107264921m2 / s 2 )=8.04 1011 J
2

b. Relation Between Potential Energy and Work

Figure 12. Book fall down

To develop mathematical relationship between work and gravitational energy,
start with the equation for work.
W =Fd
From the force of gravity on a mass near Earths surface is given by :
F=mg
Substitute mg into work equation :
W =mgd
Since gravitational potential energy is vertical displacement so the equation
will be :
W =mg y=mg( y f y i )
W = U g
Example :
1. A boy lifts a 2.2-kg book from his desk, which is 0.80 m high, to a bookshelf
that is 2.10 m high. What is the potential energy of the book relative to the
desk?
Answer:
U g=mg ( y f y i )
U g=( 2.2 kg ) ( 9.8 m/ s2 ) ( 2.10.8 ) m
U g=28.03 J

20

2. A warehouse worker picks up a 10.1-kg box from the floor and sets it on a
long, 1.1-m-high table. He slides the box 5.0 m along the table and then
lowers it back to the floor. What were the changes in the energy of the box,
and how did the total energy of the box change? (Ignore friction.)
To lift the box to the table:
U g=mg( y f y i )
U g=( 10.1 kg ) ( 9.8 m/s 2 ) ( 1.10 ) m
U g=1.1 102 J
To slide the box across the table, W 0 J because the height did not change and
we ignored friction.
To lower the box to the floor:
U g=mg ( y f y i )
U g=( 10.1 kg ) ( 9.8 m/s 2 ) ( 01.1 ) m
U g=1.1 102 J
The sum of the three energy changes is
( 1.1 102 J ) +0+ (1.1 102 J )=0 J

2.4. Concept The Law of Conservation Mechanical Energy

The energy that is in us to connect with the energy in the universe. And a
series of energy system interplay. We will refer a little to the energy laws of
physics, to parse and identify how energy works.
Law of Conservation of Energy reads: "Energy can be transformed from
one form to another but can not be created nor destroyed (energy conversion)".
Because energy is conserved, the energy in the universe is the number
never changes, no waxes and wanes. There is only a change of energy from one
form to another.
In the physical sciences are used today, counting the amount of energy
over the energy changes that occur in an object / material. Because every material
has energy.

21

The energy of a material can be calculated through the processes or

specific causes, such as the energy of a moving object, the result of the
combustion energy, the energy of a chemical process, electrical energy, and others.
Mechanical energy
What if a moving object has a certain height? So the answer is it has potential
energy and kinetic energy. The second is the amount of energy called mechanical
energy. In other words, the sum of the kinetic and potential energiesthe total
mechanical energy Eremains constant. This is an example of the principle of
conservation

Em = Ep + Ek
An object moving in the gravitational field will apply the law of conservation of
mechanical energy.
Em = Ep + Ek = eternal
and
Ep1 + Ek1 = Ep2 + Ek2
1. A bike rider approaches a hill at a speed of 8.5 m/s. The combined mass of
the bike and the rider is 85.0 kg. Choose a suitable system. Find the initial
kinetic energy of the system. The rider coasts up the hill. Assuming there
is no friction, at what height will the bike come to rest?
The system is the bike + rider + Earth.
There are no external forces, so total
energy is conserved.
1
2
K = 2 m/ v

1
2

(85.0 kg)(8.5 m/s)2

3
= 3.1 x 10 J

K i + P Ei =K f

+ PEf

22

1
2

m v

+ 0 = 0 + mgh

8 .5 m/ s 2

9 . 80 m/s 2
( 2)

v2
h= =
2g
= 3.7 m
2.5. Application The Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy in Daily
Activity
Free Fall fruit from tree
In our daily life, you often see a free fall from a tree fruits (ex: mango or
coconut). When the fruit falls from the tree to the ground, as has been previously
described form of energy is converted potential energy into kinetic energy.
Potential energy (EP dwindle moderate kinetic energy (KE) growing, but
mechanical energy (EM = EP + EK) is constant at any position (style air
resistance ignored). Change of potential energy into kinetic energy in case of
freely falling objects, where the applicable law of conservation of mechanical
energy you can test in the lab using equipment ticker timer.

figure 13
Mango dangling stems have potential energy. At the time a stone is
dropped, its potential energy decreases along the trajectory of motion toward the
ground. When it is starts to fall, the potential energy decreases as EP transformed
into kinetic energy. At the time of going to reach the ground, the kinetic energy

23

becomes very large, while the EP is very small. Why is that? If the fruit will be
close to the ground, potential energy is small because the distance is so short.
Conversely, the closer the soil, the greater the kinetic energy due to the movement
of mangoes faster acceleration due to gravity is constant. When arriving at the soil
surface, potential energy and kinetic energy lost mangoes, because h (height) and
v (velocity) = 0
2.6. Concept of Power in Physics
Power is the ability to convert a form of energy into a form of energy. For
example, if there is a 100-watt light that efficiency is 100%, then every second
lamp will change the 100 joules of electrical energy into light energy to 100 joules
of light. The greater the power of the tool, the greater the ability of the instrument
to change a form of energy into another form of energy. Mathematically, the
relationship between power, work and time is defined as follows:
P=

W
t

P = Power (watt)
W = Work (joule)
t

= Time (s)
However, given the daily life elusive ideal conditions, it is known for the

concept of efficiency. The concept of efficiency is the ratio between the energy or
power generated compared to the effort or input power. Efficiency is defined as
follows :

W out
P
100 = out 100
W
P

= efficiency rate (how %)

W out = The resulting of Work (joule)
W = Work included or required (joule)

24

Pout = The resulting power (watt)

P = Power included or required (watt)

Average power is defined as the rate of work done divided by the time to
do it, which can be expressed mathematically by:
= work = energy c hange
P
time
time

Power is a scalar quantity, having only magnitude alias great value, has no
direction. Power in the International System unit is Joule/s. Joule/s is also
commonly called Watt (abbreviated W), to respect James Watt. In the British
system, the unit of power is 1 pon-kaki/detik. Initerlalu small units that are used
for the practical needs of another larger unit, the horsepower or horsepower (hp
abbreviated). 1 horsepower = 550 watts pon-kaki/detik = 764 = kilowatt.
The amount of work can also be expressed in units of energy x time, for
example kilowatt-hour aka KWH. One KWH is the work done at a steady rate of
1 Kilo watts for one hour. Horse power states how much work is done per unit
time horse. Power a machine stating how much chemical or electrical energy can
be converted into mechanical energy per unit time.
Example question:
1. A man who climbed the ladder of mass 60 kg for 4 second. If the vertical
height of the ladder is 4 feet, calculate the man power in watts, and the
amount of energy needed to climb the ladder. Suppose the acceleration of
2
gravity (g) = 10 m/s

Known : m : 60 kg
t : 4s

h : 4m
2
g : 10 m/s

Large Power :
= W = F . s = ( mg ) ( h )
P
t
t
t

25

( 60 kg ) (10 m/ s )(4 m) =600 J / s

P=
4

600 watt

Large Energy :
E= P . t=(600 J /s)(4 s)=2400 Joule
The results of our calculations show that when climbing stairs, people are
converting chemical energy into mechanical energy of 2400 Joules. This does not
include heat energy that is generated when the person moves. So as I climbed the
stairs, which altered the energy is greater than 2400 Joules.

CHAPTER III
CLOSING
3.1.

Conclusion
1. Work in physics and work in everyday life is different, because work in
physics always relation to displacement. Work is equal to forces times
displacement. There are three kind of work, such as:
positive work
negative work
work is zero
The work a conservative force does on an object in moving it from A to B
is path independent - it depends only on the end points of the motion.
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Examples: the force of gravity and the spring force are conservative
forces. For a non-conservative (or dissipative) force, the work done in
going from A to B depends on the path taken. Examples: friction and air
resistance.
2. Energy is ability to work. Mechanical energy divided by potential energy
and kinetic energy. Gravitational potential energy depend on mass and
height an object. Kinetic energy depend on mass and squared velocity an
object.
3. The relation between work and energy that work is change on potential
energy and kinetic energy.
4. The Law of Conservation Mechanical Energy is mechanical energy in one
position is same with another position
5. The application of mechanical energy is our everyday life, you often see a
free fall from a tree fruits (ex: mango or coconut). When the fruit falls
from the tree to the ground, as has been previously described form of
energy is converted potential energy into kinetic energy. Mango dangling
stems have potential energy. At the time a fruit is dropped, its potential
energy decreases along the trajectory of motion toward the ground. When
it is starts to fall, the potential energy decreases as EP transformed into
kinetic energy. At the time of going to reach the ground, the kinetic energy
becomes very large, while the EP is very small. When arriving at the soil
surface, potential energy and kinetic energy lost mangoes, because h
(height) and v (velocity) = 0.
6. Power is the ability to convert a form of energy into a form of energy. For
example, if there is a 100-watt light that efficiency is 100%, then every
second lamp will change the 100 joules of electrical energy into light
energy to 100 joules of light. Power is a scalar quantity, having only
magnitude alias great value, has no direction. Power in the International
System unit is Joule/s. Joule/s is also commonly called Watt (abbreviated
W), to respect James Watt.
3.2.

Suggestion
For readers are advised that this paper can serve as a media of learning in
order to increase understanding of work, energy, and power. And for other
27

writers hoped that this paper can be cultivated in order to refine further papers
that have been made previously.

REFERENCES
1. Halliday-Resnick-Walker 8th edition. Fundamental of Physics.
2. Anonim.2012. Usaha dan Energi. Available at
http://nikmatmimpi.wordpress.com/2012/01/27/usaha-dan-energi/ accesed on
28 November 2012
3. Anonim.2012.Usaha dan Energi. Available at http://www.undiksha.ac.id/elearning/web/1-2/materi4.html accesed on 28 November 2012
4. Irma Rahma.2012.Energi. Available at
http://file.upi.edu/Direktori/FPMIPA/JUR._PEND._FISIKA/19810503200801
2-IRMA_RAHMA_SUWARMA/4._energi.pdf accesed on 28 November 2012
5. Anonim.2012.Work, Energy, Power. Available at
http://www.physicsclassroom.com accesed on 28 November 2012

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