Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
VIEW3D 1
GUIDE TO View3D
Introduction to View3D
View3D is a program used to view wellbore paths, well data, seismic data and attribute data as a
three dimensional volume. The general objective is to better visualize, illustrate and spatially
analyze the data from HRS programs. This tutorial takes you through the most important options
and features of View3D.
January 2007
2 VIEW3D
<RETURN>
On a PC, click the Start button and select the GEOVIEW option on the Programs / HRS
applications menu.
When you first launch GEOVIEW, the first window that you see is the Opened Database List,
which displays your recently used databases. A database is identified by the extension wdb.
For this tutorial, a database has already been created for you. To load this database for the first
time, click Open to bring up the Directory Chooser.
Click the view3D folder of the HRS/data directory to bring up a list of databases in that folder.
Click the View3D.wdb item in the Available List and click OK.
January 2007
VIEW3D 3
The GEOVIEW Well Explorer window appears, showing the seven wells within this database.
For more on this window, see the GEOVIEW section of the Installation GEOVIEW and eLOG
Guide. For now, click the X at the top right to close the window.
January 2007
4 VIEW3D
Starting View3D
Now that the database has been opened in GEOVIEW, we are ready to start the View3D program.
To do this, click the View3D button on the GEOVIEW window.
January 2007
VIEW3D 5
If a message appears telling you that the pathway to the project has changed, select Switch.
January 2007
6 VIEW3D
January 2007
VIEW3D 7
Note that the wells may be automatically selected for loading, but that nothing else is.
The Project Loaded column shows the available data in the selected project. If data were
missing from this list, you need to return to the original HRS program that created the project
and then load that data through that program. Then save that program. Then you would return to
View3D to display the complete data set.
The View3D Data tab shows what data has been selected and what has already been loaded. The
wells are automatically assumed selected for loading but the other data is not yet selected.
The History tab lists the operations to this time that had loaded or unloaded data.
The Filter section lets you filter the list of wells. Click the X at the upper left of the Filter box to
hide that section.
The Plot button loads (or unloads) the selected items into View3D. What has been loaded can
now be viewed using the Display window features.
The Display Window shows the plotted data and controls its display. Because no data has been
selected and plotted yet, the Display Window is black.
January 2007
8 VIEW3D
January 2007
VIEW3D 9
Click once anywhere in the seismic.vol line. Move to the D/T Start column on that line (you
may need to use the horizontal scroll bar to reach this column).
Then click once in the D/T Start field for seismic.vol. When a cursor appears in that field, change
the value from "2" to "800" and press <ENTER>. We do this so that the plot will not extend
above 800 milliseconds TWT. Otherwise, the plot would have extended up to 2 milliseconds and
be too tall and awkward to view. See below:
Note: Whenever you edit something in this table, you must press <ENTER> before exiting that
field to keep the edit.
If the wells are not automatically selected for plotting, click each well in the Well folder of the
Project Loaded section.
Click Plot. The selected data now appears in the Display window, while "Loaded" appears in the
Status columns of the Data window.
January 2007
10 VIEW3D
January 2007
VIEW3D 11
If the window is too short to show the entire toolbar on the left, a scroll icon will let you display
the rest of the toolbar.
Note also that the zone of interest, the part with the horizon, is dwarfed by the spread of data.
The actual color choices for the well data, Seismic and Horizon Color Keys will depend on what
was last used in the program. We will show how to change them later.
January 2007
12 VIEW3D
As a check, we will display a north arrow. From the Options menu, select Show North Arrow
to see a yellow arrow at the top of the plot (see below).
January 2007
VIEW3D 13
The entire volume is displayed with south facing upwards, contrary to what we would normally
expect, and we should keep that in mind. Reselect Show North Arrow to hide that arrow.
We will now zoom into the zone of interest, using the mouse, as shown below:
From above the 1010 value on the left, press the middle mouse button down and drag it to about
the 1125 value on the right (see below).
January 2007
14 VIEW3D
When you release the mouse button, the display will be zoomed in. Note the well bores, well
tops and the horizon. You may need to resize the edges of the window to see the time scales at
the left and right.
January 2007
VIEW3D 15
appears, all you need to do is select File>Load Scene 1, or click the Recall Scene 1 button
from the left-hand toolbar.
This X slice above shows the porosity values that we have loaded as an attribute. It also partially
obscures the horizon, the wells and well top information (hence the clipped well top labels,
which are easier to see on the screen than on a gray-scale diagram). To move this slice, ensure
that the Slide Slices Mode button of the Slice Creation Mode toolbar is selected. This toolbar
is at the upper right of the Display window.
January 2007
16 VIEW3D
Then click the slice with the left mouse button to select it. The slice now has a red border with
the edges of the volume and with any intersecting horizons or slices.
We have also hidden the color keys, by selecting Seismic> Show Color Map and
Horizon>Show Color Map to turn the Color Map toggles off.
Now drag the X slice towards the rear (to the left) until it is at the edge of the volume, then
release the left mouse button to place it as shown below:
January 2007
VIEW3D 17
Repeat these steps for the Y slice, checking its box at the bottom left and then moving it to the
right and back. Repeat these steps for the Z slice, checking its box at the bottom left and then
moving it to about 1100 ms, to get the display below:
January 2007
18 VIEW3D
Note that this volume already has a D/T Start value of "800", but it does not matter for the
display if this volume had a different value, since the display's dimensions are set by the first
volume loaded (hence by the seismic.vol volume).
One useful function is to place the mouse over volumes in the View3D Data table. Then a popup appears, giving the basic geometry for that data, as shown below (for the seismic.vol line):
There are also right-click pop-up menus in the Data window that are useful. See the online help
for more on these menus.
January 2007
VIEW3D 19
Click Plot. The Display window will now show the attribute (porosity) as a color scale and the
Attribute color key will be displayed (you can turn this off through the Attribute menu in the
same way as done for the other color keys).
January 2007
20 VIEW3D
Click OK to apply the change and close the Colormap Settings window.
January 2007
VIEW3D 21
Now the high porosity values are red or yellow and are easier to notice (at least on the screen,
which should not be monochromatic like this book) while the lower porosity values, in which we
are not interested, are in similar shades of green and easily ignored.
If the Upper and Lower values in the Color Mapping section do not approximately match the
Minimum and Maximum values respectively in the Data Range section, then change them to be
close (e.g., using "0" for the Lower and "0.16" for the Upper values).
Then move the Z slice back to its original position at about 1100 ms.
January 2007
22 VIEW3D
January 2007
VIEW3D 23
January 2007
24 VIEW3D
You can also move the view in the window by the arrow buttons or using SHIFT and the
keyboard arrow keys. Note that the arrows act as if you are moving the display (as if it were a
paper printout), and not as if you were moving your viewpoint (as in video games).
January 2007
VIEW3D 25
January 2007
26 VIEW3D
On the upper right side of the window, we have the Slice Mode buttons.
January 2007
VIEW3D 27
With the left button still pressed, you can use the mouse to move the vector and therefore the
slice.
January 2007
28 VIEW3D
If you click on a rotated slice or an edge, another slice will be created at that point and you can
position it as long as the mouse button is held down.
To stop making such slices when you click on the Display window, click the Delete Slice icon
(the box with the X, ) and select the new slice to remove it. Then select Slide Slice
to
leave the Delete mode.
January 2007
VIEW3D 29
Making Fences
A fence is a series of slices connected end-to-end, resembling a fence (of course). They can be
very useful to follow channels, bars or reefs, or to outline a property of land.
Then click the front left side to start the fence (you
To create a fence, click the Fence icon.
must click on the top plane, not on the side).
Click the end of that fence panel on the front right side. Now click in a direction to the upper
right. Click further right and then click to the lower right. See below.
January 2007
30 VIEW3D
Now click the Delete Slice icon (the box with the X, ) and select one part of the fence to
remove the entire fence. Remember to then select Slide, so you do not stay in Delete mode.
Probes
A probe is an orthogonal shape that shows the attribute or seismic in a different way than slices.
While slices must extend the entire height of the volume, probes can be limited just to an area of
interest, making them ideal for screen captures. You can also create inside angles (which
resembles "steps" in the probe).
Since we do not need the entire volume for probes, click the Zoom In
button twice. If
necessary, click the Move Up button
or Move Down button
until the Target_hrz horizon is
in the middle of the display.
From the Probe menu, select Add. The initial orthogonal shape is added automatically.
Now select Trim Volume from the Probe menu to bring up that window. Select the Xline tab.
Type "20" (or slice the slider to that value) for the Start X value and press <ENTER>, and type
"50" for the End X value and press <ENTER>. The Display window will show the change in the
shape.
January 2007
VIEW3D 31
Select the Inline tab and enter "40" for the Start, then press <ENTER> and "60" for the End,
then press <ENTER>.
Then select the Depth tab and, instead of typing values, we will use the slider. Slide the Start
slider to "1000" for the Start Depth, and slide the End slider to "1100" for the End Depth. You
will not need to press <ENTER>. Click Close.
January 2007
32 VIEW3D
Now we will add a corner reentrant. Click precisely on the foremost upper corner. The probe
now has a cut-in section.
January 2007
VIEW3D 33
Click the rear right edge of this reentrant and slide it downwards towards the horizon.
When you are finished, select Delete Current or Delete All from the Probe menu to remove the
probe display.
January 2007
34 VIEW3D
In the Well menu, turn the Annotation and Tops back on.
Select Well>Symbol Size and ensure that the values are set as below:
Top Disk = "3"
Thickness = "0.5"
Wellbore = "2"
January 2007
as
VIEW3D 35
If they are not these values, then correct them and click OK. Otherwise, click OK or Close to
close this window.
The Top Disk is the marker that indicates a top on the wellbore. The Thickness value refers to
the thickness of the top disks. The Well Bore refers to the thickness of the actual hole outline in
the display.
Select Curve Display from the Well menu to bring up the Well Log Curve Display Dialog.
Note that the TWT curve is always included as a curve.
January 2007
36 VIEW3D
Now select the >>Center button in the Curve Style section. Enter the following parameters, so
the center porosity plot is easier to see:
Cylinder Radius = "0.5".
Scale = "2".
Variable Radius selected.
January 2007
VIEW3D 37
Keep the other parameters the same. Click OK to close the Curve Display Dialog. Below is the
result. Note how the radius changes to match the porosity values.
January 2007
38 VIEW3D
January 2007
VIEW3D 39
Uncheck the Freehand box and check the Linear box. Click on the middle red dot at the left
side of the upper box. Then drag this toward the right, bringing a vertical line along, to about 3/4
over.
January 2007
40 VIEW3D
What this means is that all the values whose colors fit under the now dark section will not be
displayed on the plot. Therefore, only the high porosity areas will be colored. The low porosity
values will not appear. Also, the underlying seismic data will be easier to see. Click OK.
In the Seismic menu, select Visual to bring up a similar window. This time, do not uncheck the
Freehand checkbox. Now draw a curve from the lower left to the upper right, such as below.
Click Apply.
January 2007
VIEW3D 41
To avoid confusing dark peaks with deleted values (where the black background shows through),
click the Color button on the Visual Control window to bring up the Color Map Settings
window.
Select Rainbow (instead of Gray Scale). Click OK to remove the Color Map Settings window.
Click Apply on the Visual Control window to get the view below. The Rainbow color map has
no black in it, so black then means "no data shown".
January 2007
42 VIEW3D
Now, from the Seismic menu, select Hide to remove the seismic data from the display. Now
only the attribute data (i.e., higher porosity) is shown.
January 2007
VIEW3D 43
This will unload the attribute plot, leaving only the seismic, well and horizon data. We could
have instead hidden the attribute plot without removing it by selecting Attribute> Hide.
January 2007
44 VIEW3D
The Display window will show the same amplitude surface as Target_hrz, but as the sampling
rate was lower, it is not as smoothed as the first horizon we used. The color plot will now
represent scaled porosity, not two-way time. In this display, we have turned the Horizon Color
Key display back on through Horizon>Show Color Map.
Note that blue and violet represent moderate porosity and yellow and red represent insufficient
porosity. Note also that you can select which horizon to show by using the Horizon Group dropdown menu at the top of the window. We will stay with scaled porosity.
January 2007
VIEW3D 45
Now select Horizon>Visual to open the Visual window for the scaled_porosity data slice. Click
the Wire Frame check box in the Show section.
The wire frame matches the TWT data and shows the effect of the sampling rate. By the way,
this is a good surface to try the Magnifying Glass view we talked about earlier (as brought up by
the M key).
Uncheck Wire Frame and check the Contour box.
January 2007
46 VIEW3D
January 2007