Set Theory

1. Which of the following are well-defined sets?

(a) All the colors in the rainbow.
(b) All the points that lie on a straight line.
(c) All the honest members in the family.
(d) All the consonants of the English alphabet.
(e) All the tall boys of the school.
(f) All the efficient doctors of the hospital.
(g) All the hardworking teachers in a school.
(h) All the prime numbers less than 100.
(i) All the letters in the word GEOMETRY.
2. Let A = (a, b, c, d, e, f}. Insert the appropriate symbol or in the blank space.
(a) d __ A
(b) y __ A
(c) m __ A
(d) a __ A
(e) e __ A
(f) x __ A
Worksheet on Set Theory
3. Write the following sets in the set builder form.
(a) A = {2, 4, 6, 8}
(b) B = {3, 9, 27, 81}
(c) C = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25}
(d) D = {1, 3, 5, ......}
(e) E = {4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, ......., 52}
(f) F = {-10, ......, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ..., 5}
(g) G = {O}
(h) P = { }
(i) H = {-5, 5}
(j) Q = {V, I, B, G, Y, 0, R}
4. Write the following sets in the roster form.
(a) A = {x : x W, x 5}
(b) B = {x : x I, -3 < x < 3}
(c) C = {x : x is divisible by 12}
(d) D = {x : x = 3p, p W, p 3}
(e) E = {x : x = a2, a N, 3 < a < 7}
(f) F = {x : x = n/(n + 1), n N and n 4}
(g) G = {x : x N, 3x - 2 < 5}
(h) J = {x : x N, x2 < 16}
(i) K = {x : x is a prime number which is a divisor of 42}
(j) H = {x : x is a 2-digit natural number such that the sum of its digits is 5}
5. Which of the following are the examples of an empty set?

(a) The set of even natural numbers divisible by 3.

(b) The set of all prime numbers divisible by 2.
(c) {x : x N, 5 < x < 6}
(d) The set of odd natural numbers divisible by 2.
(e) B = {O}
(f) C = { }
(g) D = {x : x R, x2 = -1}
(h) E = {x : x W, 3x + 1 = 2}
(i) P = {x : x is a prime number, 54 < x < 58}
(j) Q = {x : x = 2n + 3, n W, n 5}
Worksheet on Set Theory
6. Classify the following as finite and infinite sets.
(a) The set of days in a week
(b) A = {x : x N x > 1}
(c) B = {x : x is an even prime number}
(d) C = {x : x is a multiple of 5}
(e) D = {x : x is a factor of 30}
(f) P = {x : x Z, x < -1}
(g) The set of all letters in the English alphabet
(h) The set of all real numbers
7. From the sets given below, identify the equal sets.
A = {3, 5, 9, 11}
Q = {m, s, t}
B = {8, 9, 1, 13}
R = {o, p, a, z}
C = {-3, 3}
T = {1, 8, 9, 13}
D = {s, t, m}
M = {3, -3}
P = {9, 3, 5, 11}
X = {a, o, z, p}
8. Are the following pairs of sets equal?
(a) A = {2}
B = {x : x N, x is an even prime number}.
(b) P = {1, 4, 9}
Q = {x : x = n2, n N, n 3)
(c) X = {x : x W, x < 5}
Y = {x : x N, x 5}
(d) M = {a, b, c, d}
N = {p, q, r, s}
(e) D = {x : x is a multiple of 30} E = {x : x is a factor of 10}
Worksheet on Set Theory
9. Which of the following are equivalent sets?
(a) A = {1, 2, 3}
B = {4, 5}
(b) P = {q, s, m}
Q = {6, 9, 12}
(c) X = {x : x is a prime number less than 10}
Y = {x : x N, x 4}
(d) R = {x : x = 2n + 3, n < 4, n N}
S = {x : x = n/(n + 1), n R, n 4}
(e) The set of vowels in the English alphabet
(f) The set of consonants in the English alphabet
10. Find the cardinal number of the following sets.
(a) A = {x : x I, 2 < x < 7}
(b) B = {x : n N, x = n2, n < 3}
(c) The set of months in a year
(d) C = {x : x Z+, x < 100}
(e) D = {x : x = n3, n W, n < 5}

(f) The set of letters in the word MALAYALAM

Answers for worksheet on set theory are given below to make sure that the answers are
correct.
Answers:
1. (a), (b), (d), (h), (i)
2. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
3. (a) {x : x is even and x 8}
(b) {x : x = 3n, n N, n 4}
(c) {x : x = n2, n 5, n N}
(d) {x : x is odd}
(e) {x : x is even, 4 x 52 and y : y = 3(2m + 1), 1 m 8}
(f)
Worksheet on Operation of set
1. Find the union of each of the following pairs of sets.
(a) A = {2, 4, 6}
B = {1, 2, 3}
(b) P = {a, e, i, o, u}
Q = {a, b, c, d}
(c) X = {x : n N, x = 2n, n < 4}
Y = {x : x is an even number less than 10}
(d) M = {x : x is natural number and multiple of 3}
N = {x : x is a prime number less than 19}
(e) D = {x : x is an integer -3 < x < 3}
E = {x : x is a factor of 8}
(f) G = {x : x N, x < 7}
H = {x : x Z, -2 x 3}
2. Find the intersection of each of the following pairs of sets.

(a) A = {1, 4, 9, 16}

B = {3, 6, 9, 12}
(b) C = {p, q, r, s}
D = {a, b}
(c) P = {x : n N, x = 3n n< 3}
Q = {x : x N x < 7}
(d) X = {x : x is a letter of the word LOYAL}
Y = {x : x is a letter in the word FLOW}
(e) G = {x : x = n2, when n N}
H = {x : x = 4n, when n W n < 5}
3. If P = {1, 2, 3} Q = {2, 3, 4} R = {3, 4, 5} S = {4, 5, 6}, find
(a) P Q
(b) P R
(c) Q R
(d) Q S
(e) P Q R
(f) P Q S
(g) Q R S
(h) P Q
(i) P R
(j) Q R
(k) Q S
(l) P Q R
(m) P Q S
(n) Q R S

4. If A = {a, b, c, d} B = {b, c, d, e} C = {c, d, e, f} D = {d, e, f, g}, find

(a) A - B
(b) B - C
(c) C - D
(d) D - A
(e) B - A
(f) C - B
(g) D - C
(h) A - D
5. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
A = {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9}
Find:
(a) A'
(b) B'
(c) A' B'
(d) A' B'
(e) (A B)'
Also show (A B)' = A' B'.
6. Find the complement of the following sets if universal set is the set of natural numbers.
(a) {x : x is a prime number}
(b) {x : x is a multiple of 2}
(c) {x : x is a perfect cube}
(d) {x : x 10}
(e) {x : x N, 5x + 1 > 20}

(f) {x : x is an odd natural number}

Worksheet on Operation on Sets
7. If U = {a, b, c, d, e, f} find the complement of the following.
(a) A = { }
(b) B = {c, d, f}
(c) D = {a, b, c, d, e, f}
(d) C = {a, b, d}
(e) E = {b, c}
(f) F = {a, c, f}
8. If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and A = {2, 3, 6}, find
(a) A A'
(b) A
(c) A A'
(d) U' A
9. Let P = {1, 3, 5, 7} Q = {3, 7, 9, 11} R = {1, 5, 8, 11}, then verify the following.
(a) P Q = Q P
(b) (P Q) R = P (Q R)
(c) P Q = Q P
(d) (P Q) R = P (Q R)
(e) P (Q R) = (P Q) (P R)
(f) P (Q R) = (P Q) (P R)
Worksheet on Operation on Sets
10. Let U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g}, A = {a, c ,f , g}, B = {f, g, b, d}
Verify:
(a) (A B)' = (A' B')
(b) (A B)' = (A' B')

Answers for worksheet on operation on sets are given below so that students can check the
answers.
Worksheet on Operation on Sets Answers:
1. (a) {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
(b) {a, b, c, d, e, i, o, u}
(c) {2, 4, 6, 8}
(d) {2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 6, 9, 12, 15, .}
(e) {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 4, 8}
(f) {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
2. (a) {9}
(b) d
(c) {3, 6}
(d) {L, O}(e) {4, 16}
3. (a) {1, 2, 3, 4}
(b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
(c) {2, 3, 4, 5}
(d) {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(e) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
(1) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(g) {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(h) {2, 3}
(i) {3}
(j) {3, 4}
(k) {4}
(l) {3}
(m)
(n) {4}
4. (a) {a}
(b) {b}
(c) {c}
(d) {e, f, g}
(e) {e}
(f) {f }
(g) {g}
(h) {a, b, c}
5. {3, 5, 7, 9}
(b) {2, 4, 6, 10}
(c) {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10}

(d) {}
6. (a) {x : x is composite number and 1}
(b) {x : x is odd}
(c) {x : x is not a perfect cube}
(d) {x : x < 10, x N}
(e) {x : x N and x < 4}
(f) {x : x is even}
7. (a) U
(b) {a, b, e}
(c)
(d) {c, e, f}
(e) {a, d, e, f}
(f) {b, d, e}
8. (a) U
(b) A
(c)
(d)
Worksheet on Elements of a Set
1. State whether true or false:
(i) {5, 7, 9} = {9, 7, 5}
(ii) Sets {4, 9, 6, 2} and {6, 2, 4, 9} are not same.
(iii) Sets {0, 1, 3, 9, 4} and {4, 0, 1, 3, 9} are same.
(iv) {a, b, c, c, d} = {a, b, c}
(v) {2, 3, 3, 4, 4} = {2, 3, 4}
(vi) Sets {5, 4} and {5, 4, 4, 5} are not same.
(vii) Sets {8, 3} and {3, 3, 8} are same.
(viii) {x | x is a vowel in the word EQUATION} = {x | x is a vowel in the word
EDUCATION}
(ix) Collection of vowels used in the word ALLAHABAD forms a set.
(x) If X is the set of letters in the word ROOM; then X = {r, o, m}.
(xi) If M is the set of letters used in the word KOLKATA; then M = {k, o, l, a t}.
2. Write the set containing:
(i) First six counting numbers
(ii) Three types of angles
(iii) Name of any three Prime Ministers of India.
(iv) Three types of triangles
(v) Last six consonants of English alphabets.
(vi) First four vowels of English alphabets.
3. Write each of the following sets in the shortest possible way:

(i) {2, 7, 7, 2, 3, 7, 8}
(ii) {10 - 5, 20 - 15, 30 - 25, 40 - 35, 37 - 32}
(iii) {2 + 8, 3 + 7, 4 + 6, 5 + 5, 6 + 4, 7 + 3}
4. (a) Write the members (elements) of each set given below:
(i) {3, 8, 5, 15, 12, 7}
(ii) {c, m, n, o, s}
(b) Write the sets whose elements are:
(i) 2, 4, 8, 16, 64 and 128
(ii) 3, 5, 15, 45, 75 and 90
5. (i) Write the set of letters used in the word GOOGLE.
(ii) Write the set of vowels used in the word BENGAL.
(iii) Write the set of consonants used in the word HONG-KONG.
Answers for the worksheet on elements of a set are given below to check the exact answers
of the above questions related to set.
Answers:
1. (i) True
(ii) False.
(iii) True.
(iv) False
(v) True
(vi) False.
(vii) True.
(viii) True
(ix) True.
(x) True.
(xi) True.
2. (i) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(ii) {acute-angle, right-angle, obtuse-triangle}
(iii) {Dr. Monmohan Singh, Indira Ghandhi, Atal Bihari Vajpayee}
(iv) {scalene-triangle, isosceles-triangle, equilateral-triangle}
(v) {t, v, w, x, y, z}
(vi) {a, e, i, o}
3. (i) {2, 3, 7, 8}
(ii) {5}
(iii) {10}
4. (a) (i) 3, 8, 5, 15, 12, and 7
(ii) c, m, n, o, and s
(b) (i) {2, 4, 8, 16, 64, 128}
(ii) {3, 5, 15, 45, 75, 90}

5. (i) {g, o, l, e}
(ii) {e, a}
(iii) {h, n, g, k}.
Worksheet on Representation on Set
Write each of the following sets in Roster (tabular) Form and also in Set-Builder Form:
(i) Set of all natural numbers which can divide 24 completely.
(ii) Set of odd numbers between 20 and 35.
(iii) Set of even natural numbers less than 25.
(iv) Set of letters used in the word MASSACHUSETTS.
(v) Set of names of the first five months of a year.
(vi) Set of all two digit numbers which are perfect square also.
(vii) Set of letters used in the word EDUCATION.
Set of natural numbers divisible by 7
Roster Form: {7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, .}
Set-Builder Form: {x : x is a natural number divisible by 7}
Answers for the worksheet on representation on set are given below to check the exact
answers of the above questions to express the sets in Roster and Set-Builder Form.
Answers:
(i) Roster Form: {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24};
Set-Builder Form: {x : x is a natural number which divides 24 completely}
(ii) Roster Form: {21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33};
Set-Builder Form: {x : x is an odd natural number between 20 and 35}.
(iii) Roster Form: {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24};
Set-Builder Form: {x : x is an even natural number less than 25}.
(iv) Roster Form: {m, a, s, c, h, u, e, t};
Set-Builder Form: {x : x is a letter used in the word MASSACHUSETTS}.
(v) Roster Form: {January, February, March, April, May};
Set-Builder Form: {x : x is name of the first five months of a year}
(vi) Roster Form: {16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81};
Set-Builder Form: {x : x is a perfect square two digit number}
(vi) Roster Form: {e, d, u, c, a, t, i, o, n};
Set-Builder Form: {x : x is a letter used in the word EDUCATION}.
Worksheet on Set Operations
1. Write down the union and intersection of the following pairs of sets:
(i) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
(ii) X = {a, b, c, d, e}
Y = {c, e, f, g}
(iii) P = {x : x is a multiple of 2 between 9 and 21}
Q = {x : x is a multiple of 3 between 10 and 20}
(iv) M = {letters in the word COMPUTER}
N = {letters in the word CALCULATOR}

2. Let A = set of natural numbers less than 8,

B = {even natural numbers less than 12}
C = {Multiples of 3 between 5 and 15}
and D = {Multiples of 4 greater than 6 and less than 20};
Find:
(i) B C
(ii) A D
(iii) C D
(iv) A C
(v) (B C) A
(v) (D A) B
(vii) (A C) (B D)
(viii) (B D) (C A)
Answers for the worksheet on set operations are given below to check the exact answers of
the above questions.
Answers:
1. (i) A B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9};
A B = {1, 3, 5}
(ii) X Y = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g}
X Y = {c, e}
(iii) P Q = {10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20}
P Q = {12, 18}
(iv) M N = {c, o, m, p, u, t, e, r, a, l}
M N = {c, u, t, o, r}
2. (i) {2,4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12}
(ii) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 16}
(iii) {6, 8, 9, 12, 16}
(iv) {6}
(v) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
(vi) {2, 4, 6, 8}
(vii) {6, 8}
(viii) {2, 4, 6, 12}
Worksheet to Find the Cardinal Number of the Sets
1. If A {5, 7, 8, 9}, B = {3, 4, 5, 6} and C = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10};
Find:
(i) n(A) + n(B)
(ii) n(A B)
(iii) n(A B)
(iv) n(A B) + n(A B)
(v) n(B C)
(vi) n(B) + n(C) n(B C)
(vii) Is n(A) + n(B) = n(A B) + n(A B)?

(viii) Is n(B C) = n(B) + n(C) - n(B C)?

2. State, whether each of the following is true or false. In case, it is false, write the correct
answer.
(i) If A = {0}, then n(A) = 0.
(ii) n() = 1.
(iii) If T = {a, l, a, h, b, d, h}; then n(T) = 5
(iv) If B = {1, 5, 51, 15, 5, 1}; then n(B) = 6
3. Find the cardinal number of the following sets:
(i) { }
(ii) {0}
(iii) {3, 7, 11, 15}
(iv) {3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5}
(v) {x : x is a letter in the word STATISTICS}
(vi) {x : x is an odd whole number less than 12}
(vii) {x : x N and x[Math Processing Error]2 < 50}
(viii) {x : x is a factor of 12}
4. If O = {odd numbers less than 12} and E = {even numbers between 7 and 17}, show that:
n(O) n(E) = 1.
Answers for the worksheet to find the cardinal number of the sets are given below to check
the exact answers of the above set of questions.
Answers:
1. (i) 8
(ii) 7
(iii) 1
(iv) 8
(v) 7
(vi) 7
(vii) Yes, n(A) + n(B) = n(A B) + n(A B)
(viii) Yes, n(B C) = n(B) + n(C) - n(B C)
2. (i) False; n(A) = 1
(ii) False; n() = 0.
(iii) True
(iv) False; n(B) = 4.
3. (i) 0
(ii) 1
(iii) 4
(iv) 3
(v) 5
(vi) 6

(vii) 7
(viii) 6
Worksheet on Cardinal Properties of Sets
1. If A and B are two sets such that n(A) = 15, n(B) = 21 and n(A B) 36, find n(A B).
2. If P and Q are two sets such that P Q has 20 elements, P has 9 elements and Q has 16
elements. How many elements does P Q have?
3. In a group of 300 people, 150 can speak French and 200 can speak German. How many
can speak both French and German?
4. If X and Y are two sets such that X has 30 elements, Y has 41 elements and X Y has 15
elements. How many elements does X Y have?
5. If A and B are two sets such that A has 35 elements, A B has 80 elements and AB has
10 elements, how many elements does B have?
6. In a group, 50 persons play basketball, 20 play football and 10 play both. How many play
at least one of the two games?
7. There are 600 people residing in a campus. Out of these, 340 people take the Hindustan
Times and 270 people take The Times of India. There are 70 persons who take both the
papers. Find the number of persons who do not take either of the two papers.
8. In an exam, 70 girls secured first class marks in Science or Math. Out of these, 40 girls
secured first class marks in Math and 10 girls in Science and Math. How many girls secured
first class marks in Science only?
9. In a group of 90 people, 41 like jogging, 30 like swimming and 8 like jogging and
swimming both.
Find:
(a) how many like jogging only?
(b) how many like swimming only?
(c) how many like at least one of them?

(d) how many like none of them?

10. In a group of persons, 23 like vanilla ice cream, 19 like strawberry ice cream and 8 like
both the ice creams.
Find:
(a) the number of persons in the group.
(b) the number of persons who like vanilla ice cream only.
(c) the number of persons who like strawberry ice cream only.
Answers for worksheet on cardinal properties of sets are given below to check the exact
answer.
Answers:
1. 0
2. 5
3. 50
4. 56
5. 55
6. 60
7. 60
8. 30
9. (a) 33
(b) 22
(c) 63
(d) 27
10. (a) 34
(b) 15
(c) 11
Worksheet on Sets using Venn Diagram
1. Show by Venn diagrams the relationship between the following pairs of sets:
(i) X = {letters of English alphabet upto h};

Y = {all the vowels of English alphabet}

(ii) A = {even numbers less than 10};
B = {odd numbers less than 10}
(iii) C = {multiple of 5 less than 30};
D = {multiple of 3 less than 20}
(iv) M = {all girls of your school};
N = {all boys of your school}
(v) P = {boys who play hockey};
Q = {boys who play cricket}
(vi) R = {people who speak Hindi};
S = {people who speak Tamil}
(vii) U = {people who live in India};
V = {people who live in Bihar}
(viii) E = {men};
F = {kings}
(ix) S = {all animals};
T = {people who wear shirts}
2. If: A = Set of natural numbers,
B = Set of prime numbers and
C = Set of even prime numbers.
Draw Venn-diagram showing the relationship among the given sets A, B and C.
3. Let M = {Natural numbers between 10 and 40; each divisible by 3}
N = {Natural numbers upto 40; each divisible by 4}.
(i) Write each in roster form.
(ii) Draw a Venn-diagram showing the relationship between sets M and set N.
Answers for the worksheet on sets using Venn diagram are given below to check the exact
answers of the above set of questions on sets and Venn diagrams.
Answers:

1. (i)

(ii)

Save(vi)

(iii)

(vii)

(iv)

(viii)

(v)

3.

(ix)

4.

(i) M = {12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39}
(ii) N = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40}

Worksheet on Union and Intersection using Venn Diagram

1. From the given Venn diagram, find the following sets:

(i) P
(ii) Q
(iii) P Q
(iv) P Q
(v) n(P)
(vi) n(Q)
(vii) n(P Q)
(viii) n(P Q)

2. From the given Venn diagram, find the following sets:

(i) A
(ii) B
(iii) A B
(iv) A B
3. Use the given Venn diagram to find the following sets:
(i) X
(ii) Y
(iii) X Y
(iv) X Y

S
av
4. Find the sets from the disjoint sets:
(i) P
(ii) Q
(iii) P Q
(iv) P Q

5. Given: X = Set of flowers,

Y = Set of red flowers and
Z = Set of flowers which bloom in winter
Write each of the following sets in words and represent them by Venn diagram by shading
the portion:
(i) X Y
(ii) Y Z
(iii) X Z
6. For each of the following Venn-diagrams, write the set P Q:

Save
7. For each of the following Venn-diagrams, write the set X Y:

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Answers for the worksheet on union and intersection using Venn diagram are given below to
check the exact answers of the above set of questions.
Answers:

1. (i) {0, 2, 5, 10, 17, 25, 28}

(ii){0, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
(iii) {0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 17, 25, 28}
(iv) {0, 2, 10}
(v) 7
(vi) 10
(vii) 14
(viii) 3
2. (i) {4, 6, 7, 8}
(ii) {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
(iii) {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
(iv) {4, 6, 7, 8}
3. (i) {a, b, c, d}
(ii)
(iii) {a, b, c, d}
(iv)
4. (i) {0, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13}
(ii) {o, x, y, z, m, n}
(iii) {0, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, o, x, y, z, m, n}
(iv) { }
5. (i) Set of red flowers:

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(ii) Set of red flowers which bloom in winter:

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(iii) Set of flowers which bloom in winter:

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6. (i) {0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9,}

(ii) {2, 3, 6, 8}
(iii) {3, 4, 5, 8}
(iv) {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
(v) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
7. (i) {3, 4}
(ii) {4, 8, 9}

(iii) { }