The Law of Dominance

Stated "simply" it goes like so:

In a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits, only one form of the trait will
appear in the next generation. Offspring that are hybrid for a trait will have only the
dominant trait in the phenotype.
While Mendel was crossing (reproducing) his pea plants (over & over & over again), he
noticed something interesting. When he crossed pure tall plants with pure short plants,
all the new pea plants (referred to as the F1 generation) were tall. Similarly, crossing
pure yellow seeded pea plants and pure green seeded pea plants produced an F1
generation of all yellow seeded pea plants. The same was true for other pea traits:
The Law of Segregation
Goes like so: During the formation of gametes (eggs or sperm), the two alleles responsible
for a trait separate from each other. Alleles for a trait are then "recombined" at
fertilization, producing the genotype for the traits of the offspring.
The way I figure it, Mendel probably got really bored crossing pure dominant trait pea
plants with pure recessive trait pea plants (over & over & over again) & getting nothing
but pea plants with the dominant trait as a result. Except for gaining more & more
evidence for his Law of Dominance, this probably grew tiresome. So, at one point he
takes the offspring of a previous cross & crosses them. Ooooooooh ............
The Law of Independent Assortment
Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells (& offspring) independently of one
another.
OK. So far we've been dealing with one trait at a time. For example, height (tall or
short), seed shape (round or wrinkled), pod color (green or yellow), etc. Mendel noticed
during all his work that the height of the plant and the shape of the seeds and the color
of the pods had no impact on one another. In other words, being tall didn't
automatically mean the plants had to have green pods, nor did green pods have to be
filled only with wrinkled seeds, the different traits seem to be inherited
INDEPENDENTLY.
Please note my emphasis on the word "different". Nine times out of ten, in a question
involving two different traits, your answer will be "independent assortment". There is a
big ugly punnet square that illustrates this law so I guess we should take a look at it. It
involves what's known as a "dihybrid cross", meaning that the parents are hybrid for
two different traits.