ECHELON:

European Parliament Launches Inquiry

(see e 2)

The two domes at the Waihopai satellite spy station near Blenheim behind layers of high-security fencing.
The second dome. covering a satellite signals interception dish, was built in 1998 and appeared to be
operational by November when this photo was taken. Waihopai is one of five stations in the world that serve
the Echelon global spying system of the US National Security Agency. (Photo by Anti-Bases Campaign)

In this issue:

Echelon - European Parliament launches inquiry 2

RIP Privacy - New laws for cyberspace spying 4
SISsy Bits 5
Star Wars Down Under - Hollywood a vital link 8
Spooky Bits 11
Philippines _. Bases toxic wastes victims sue US and Philippines 13
Okinawa - The struggle continues to kick out US bases 16
The Clinton Visil and US flights at Harewood 19
CAFC/ABC Organiser's Report 20
Obrtuaries - Mary MCAlpine. One World Books 21
Video Review - "The WIO and the Global War System" 23
Book Review - "Bread and Water" by Will Foote 24
80n Melanie 25

Echelon is the code name for the global programme
run by the electronic spying agencies of the UKUSA
Agreement - the US, UK, Canada, Australia and New
Zealand, It involves a global network of satellite inter­
ception spybases automatically searching billions of
cIvilian telecommunications messages simultane­
ously and continuously for key words, In the case of
the small fry, such as the NZ Government Communi­
cations Security Bureau (GCSB), this raw material is
collected in a fully automated process at Marlbor­
ough's Waihopai spybase and sent undigested to Big
Brother, namely the US National Security Agency
(NSA), the world's biggest intelligence agency. This
has been the subject of many of a lengthy PR article
(see, for instance, number 21. Ed.) in recent years,
The avalanche of revelations about Echelon, which
started in the latter half of the 1990s (and in which
Nicky Hager's seminal book "Secret Power" played a
key role) has caused major disquiet among many
governments in the Western world, governments that
are nominally allies of both the US and Britain (the
big players in UKUSA and Echelon), Recent reports
by Duncan Campbell, the British world expert on the
subject. highlighting Echelon being used for commer­
cial espionage in the post-Cold War age, have
proved to be the last straw, In May 2000, the British
Home Secretary was questioned about it, for the first
time ever, at a meeting of European justice and
home affairs ministers. Campbell and the bloc of
Green parties in the European Parliament proved in­
strumental in getting Echelon debated (over the fer­
vent objections of Britain), and the European Parlia­
ment took it a step further, in July 2000, by setting up
a 36 member temporary committee to conduct a year
long investigation into Echelon,
This committee's terms of reference are to:
• verify the existence of Echelon;
• assess its compatibility with European law, spe­
cifically asking a) are the rights of European citi­
zens protected against activities of secret ser­
vices?: b) is encryption an adequate and suffi­
cient protection to guarantee citizens' privacy or
should additional measures be taken and if so
what kind of measures?; c) how can the Euro­
pean Union institutions be made aware of the
risks posed by these activities and what meas­
ures can be taken?
• ascertain whether European industry is put at risk
by the global interception of communications;
• possibly, make proposals for political and legisla­
tive initiatives.
This committee was not what its proponents wanted,
They sought a full committee of inquiry, with the
power to subpoena witnesses and to get documents
(whereas the temporary committee can only "invite"
Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 2
Murray Horton
witnesses), It will be interesting to see with what this
compromise body comes up
French Magistrate Launches Own Inquiry
The French have been the most vocal critics of Eche­
lon, which they see as another manifestation of
"Anglo-Saxon" domination of Europe (they have been
the most militant opponents of all forms of
"Americanism"). The French see British involvement
as incompatible with its role in developing a common
European defence and security policy, Britain is al­
ways loath to choose "America or Europe" Reality
check - France operates its own global network of
satellite interception spybases, spying on the Ameri­
cans amongst others, using its string of colonies
(New Caledonia being the closest to NZ) Nonethe­
less; in July 2000, a French investigating magistrate
announced that he was starting a preliminary inquiry
into possible damage to France's economic interests
by Echelon, The French government itself has
avoided confronting the US about Echelon, precisely
because it could be accused of being the pot calling
the kettle black, and because it doesn't want its own
citizens and French companies to start getting agi­
tated about the amount of phonetapping and other
spying that it conducts against them The official re­
sponse to Echelon has been to authorise the right of
private citizens to encrypt their telecommunications
(a diametrically opposed policy on encryption to that
of both the US and British governments). But French
authorities have only limited powers to curb inquiries
by examining magistrates, In this case, the magis­
trate has asked the DST, France's counter­
intelligence agency, to try and determine whether
France has lost contracts or suffered other economic
damage. In October 2000, a French Parliamentary
inquiry (which had taken seven months) concluded
that Echelon was routinely being used to intercept
economic and industrial information, and is open to
abuse, The inquiry chairman, Arthur Paecht, said that
Echelon's mission seemed to be to monitor every
message in the world,
Germany is America's most loyal ally in mainland
Europe (the French stopped hosting US and other
foreign bases decades ago and have only resumed
cooperating with NATO in the recent past). But even
Germany has expressed disquiet about Echelon, with
the Greens calling for a swift and consistent mutual
agreement between the US and Germany about
Echelon, The NSA operates a major spybase at Bad
Aibling, in Bavaria, The German government has ac­
cepted US assurances that it does not carry out com­
mercial espionage against Germany, its key NATO
ally. But German politicians declared that Echelon
breaks not only German but European law "Currently
a German governmental supervisory committee
meeting in secret gets information on Echelon. Data European relations and ask if it is wise to pull so hard
protection officers and MPs concerned with civil liber­ on the intelligence thread" (Time [European edition],
ties however. are demanding an open parliamentary 14/8/00; "Who's Listening to Whom, and Why?"
debate as well as a binding agreement prohibiting the Daniel Benlamin and Steven Simon). In a recent pa­
interception of telecommunications through Echelon per, Charles Grant, director of the Center for Euro­
in European Union member States" (Statewetch, pean Reform. called for a code of conduct on eco­
June-August 2000). In Germany, the spotlight of pub­ nomic espionage. He argued that the Americans and
licity has been shone onto Bad Aibling. French will still spy on each other, as will the other
Europeans. but that it would be much less damaging
It's amazing that we still put up with this kind of "if both sides agreed on a set of rules about what IS
thing", said Else Huber, a Green party activist who allowed and what is not allowed in industrial espio­
organised a town meeting in May 2000 to challenge nage against each other" (intemational Herald Trib­
the presence of the US listening post 'There is a lot une, 5/7/00; "French Start Industrial Spy Probe of US
of discomfort about what the Americans are doing, Network: Magistrate Is Seeking Evidence of Inter­
but every now and then they throw a party to keep cepts Squelching Contracts"; Joseph Fitchett). Other
the locals happy. The fact they are still here watching European countries are looking at law changes to le­
over us ten years after the collapse of the Soviet em­ galise their own spying - the Dutch Parliament is dis­
pire is a crying shame' ... In Bad Aibling, where cussing a Bill empowering Dutch intelligence to inter­
Americans working at the NSA facility account for cept and scan all communications at random, after
about one tenth of the population of 16,000, relations 1999 revelations that Dutch spooks were intercepting
between the two communities remain friendly, if e-mail and scanning for key words, specifically in cor­
guarded 'It would be a terrible economic blow if the respondence between a Dutch and an I ranian com­
Americans left', said the mayor, Felix Schwaller pany.
'They pay their rent, they spend a lot of money in our
stores. and besides. they throw good barbecue par­ Global Opposition To The Cyberpirates
ties' " ( Washington Post, 2417100; "A Suspicious
Eye on US 'Big Ears'''; William Drozdiak). Even the Global opposition to Echelon continues to build. In
German govemment is none too happy about Ger­ September 2000, two US civil rights groups - the
many still being heavily occupied by US intelligence - Electronic Privacy Information Center and Privacy
a recent Government study concluded that there are Intemational - released a new report about Echelon
probably 12.000 US intelligence agents still active in concluding: "The creation of a seamless international
Germany - down (but not mUCh) from their Cold War intelligence and law enforcement surveillance system
peak of 20,000 (ibid). But take note Waihopai spies - has resulted in the potential for a huge international
the way to your neighbours' hearts is through their network that may, in practice, negate current rules
stomachs. Get out those barbies! and regulations prohibiting domestic communications
surveillance by national intelligence agencies" (Press
Code Of Conduct For Spies? 25/9/00; "US snooping alarms groups"). And Duncan
Campbell continues to shine a bright light on the sub­
The Americans are none too happy about this row ject. When Echelon's use for commercial espionage
flaring up with their NATO partners, and are trying to was exposed in early 2000, the US (led by former
make amends. For its part, in September 2000, the CIA Director, James Woolsey, in an extraordinary
NSA held a "Family Day" at its Super secret HQ at March 2000 Wall Street Journal article) took the
Fort Meade, Maryland, in an effort to inform Ameri­ moral high ground, saying that the US only spied on
cans about its mission. The think-tanks, working European transnationals because they allegedly
through reliable American mouthpieces such as bribe their potential customers, thus preventing US
Time, are telling the Europeans to back off, whilst of­ transnationals from competing on a level playing
fering some minor conces­
sions. For example: " . . . The
capability built by the US
and its partners is one of
the crown Jewels of West­
ern intelligence. It has
been used responsibly,
and, over decades, has
prevented untold harm to
both Americans and Euro­
peans The US could help
dampen concerns by ex­
plaining what Echelon isn't
and discussing, as some
have proposed, a 'code of
conduct' with its Continen­
tal allies. But European
leaders need to reflect on
the broad fabric of US-

Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 3

 RIP POOiV�
New Laws for Cyberspace Spying
Britain
Britain is one of the only Western countries to still
have an Official Secrets Act. and no Official Informa­
tion Act The culture of secrecy and spying runs deep
In dear old Mother England. Tony Blair's New Labour
government has Just added to that culture by passing
the Orwellian Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act
(which comes with the wonderfully appropriate acro­
nym of RIP)
This Act really goes for broke, extending the reach of
Britain's multifarious intelligence agencies into areas
of private and business life hitherto untouched, areas
that remain legally untouched in the countries of Brit­
ain's intelligence partners. It "requires Internet Ser­
vice Providers (ISPs) to install, on request, a 'black
box with a direct link to the security agency M15, to
monitor e-mail and Web traffic The box could only be
used on the strength of a warrant signed by the
Home Secretary. Section 20 of the bill cites the
grounds for a warrant: national security, pre­
venting or detecting crime, preventing disorder,
public safety, protecting public health and 'the
economic well-being of the United Kingdom'
"That last one IS causmg a lot of grief. One of
the problems with Just intercepting e-mail IS
that smart criminals will simply use freely avail­
able tools to encrypt their messages - making
(Continued from page 3)
field. Campbell demolished this argument by pointing
out that some of the 1990s deals clinched by US
transnaticinals, with the help of US intelligence, were
among the most corrupt deals ever made, with part­
ners such as the Suharto family, in Indonesia
Dr Brian Gladwell, a British former top NATO com­
puter expert, says: "The analogy I use is where we
were 250 years ago with pirates on the high seas
Governments never admitted they sponsored piracy,
yet they all did it behind the scenes. If we now look
at cyberspace we have State-sponsored information
piracy. We can't have a global e-commerce until gov­
ernments like the US stop State-sponsored theft of
commercial information . . ," (Independent on Sunday,
2/7/00; "The new Cold War: How America spies on
us for its oldest friend - the Dollar Exclusive: Docu­
ments shed light on US.policy of covert surveillance
of British and European industry": Duncan Campbell
and Paul Lashmar)
This is the dirty game into which NZ has been dealt
by hosting the "New Zealand" spybase at Waihopai.
With friends like this, we needn't fret about not hav­
ing any enemies,
Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 4
Murray Horton
It difficult, or more likely, Impossible to decipher The
Blair government's solution is to make it a criminal
offence not to decrypt on demand. Citizens who do
not hand over their decryption keys can be jailed - on
no other proof of guilt - for two years. This, paradOXI­
cally, would be a let-off for the drug traffickers. pae­
dophiles and other serious criminals that the law IS
supposed to catch. Just say no, and serve two years
instead of tenl The RIP bill will further require staff of
private companies under surveillance to reveal de­
cryption keys without telling their employers - again
under pain of imprisonment No major economy has
done anything like this. Indeed, the Irish govemment
is legislating to forbid itself from similar snoop­
ing, " (Listener, 12/8/00; Computers "A bugger's
life", Russell Brown) Refusal to comply with the inter­
cept warrant served on the ISP could lead to two
years prison, the person in charge of the ISP IS liable
to five years if the client, or any third party, IS lipped
off about the intercept
The RIP Act got the Royal Assent In July
2000, The Government was forced to admit
during the Parliamentary debate. that the
Government Communications Headquar­
ters (GCHQ - one of the two foreign big
brothers to the NZ Government Communi­
cations Security Bureau) will gain new pow­
ers. Previously GCHQ was only authorised.
by Ministerial warrant, to intercept domestic
communications if there was a suspicion of
terronsm, Now, GCHQ, and MI5 and M16, can law­
fully mtercept domestic communications even when a
warrant specifies only international ones. Lord Bas­
sam. Home Office Minister, said (in relation to e-mail
and mobile phones) "It is not possible to intercept the
external communications. without intercepting the
internal ones as well" (Statewatch. June-August
2000; "RIP gets Royal Assent"). The warrants will be
Issued by the Home Secretary, not a judge And the
Government admitted that it had previously had no
idea just how many agencies would be allowed to
carry out "directed surveillance" or use "covert human
intelligence sources" (the Act distinguishes between
"directed surveillance" and "intrusive surveillance")
There is a very long list of agencies allowed to
authorise surveillance, To enable surveillance of tele­
communications, the Government Technical Assis­
tance Centre is being set up in M15's London HQ
One of its jobs will be to crack encryption codes on
private and business computers. GCHQ experts will
be seconded to the Centre, to use the "keywords"
scanning system so well known from Echelon (see
article elsewhere in this issue. Ed )
"A number of questions were left unanswered during
the debates and public discussions on the Bill. Who
is going to authorise requests from non-UK police
and security agencies for an immediate intercept, will
the National Criminal Intelligence Service just nod it
through? The Police, Special Branch, MI5 and MI6
are meant to get warrants for the interception of tele­
communications - but are they capable of simply
'breaking' into any service provider at will
downloading all the relevant material (including the
content of messages) in just a couple of minutes?
The answer to this question is: yes' ( Slatewatch,
ibid)
New Zealand
Britain's RIP Act has been giving New Zealand politi­
cians ideas (all for the highest possible motives, of
course, such as curbing Internet paedophilia and
other cybercrime). In July 2000, Paul Swain, the Min­
ister of Information Technology and Associate Justice
Minister, said that he had instructed his officials to
prepare a report on granting the Police extended
powers to intercept e-mail (currently, they can inter­
cept phone calls, authorised by a High Court warrant
but have no such powers with e-mail). Swain favours
giving the Police those extended powers, by way of
an amendment to the Telecommunications Act, bring­
ing NZ into line with the US and Britain.
Reaction from the NZ Internet industry was one of
muted opposition but Aziz Choudry, who knows all
about being on the receiving end of covert State sur­
veillance (see elsewhere in this issue. Ed.) strongly
objected. "If approved by Cabinet, this could be used
to justify further spying on lawful political organisa­
tions and individuals" (press release, 25/7/00; "Paul
Swain's Police Cybersnooping Proposal Open To
Abuse"). Aziz pOinted out that, as a result of the Po­
lice political spying exposed in David Small's 2000
court case, a wide range of groups had called for a
Select Committee Inquirt into the Criminal Intelli­
gence Service (CIS), of the Police (ABC was one of
the groups calling for that Inquiry Ed.).
"The Police's CIS seems to have great trouble distin-
David Small's Court Victory: Update
PR 21 carried a lengthy and detailed account of the
successful court case brought by David Small against
the Police, for their actions against him in the after­
math of his having caught Security Intelligence Ser­
vice (SIS) agents breaking into the Christchurch
home of political activist, Aziz Choudry. This whole
extraordinary business, dating back to that 1996 bun­
gled break-in, has been exhaustively covered by
throughout. No. 2 1 recorded that David won his case.
$20,000 compensation and an official apology
couple of things have happened since then.
Peace Researcher 22, December 20()()' Page 5
guishing between lawful potitlcal
activity and criminal activity in the
real world. I fail to see how they
will make that distinction in cyber­
space. While a host of important
and concerns remain unaddressed
about the role of the CIS, I believe
it is particularly inappropriate to be
proposing an expansion of Police
powers to intercept e-mail communications.
"Important privacy considerations aside, expanding
Police powers to allow the legal interception of e-mail
will give them carte blanche to spy on the e-mail
communications of a wide range of community
groups, political organisations, trade unions, and indi­
viduals 'of interesf to the CIS because of their politi­
cal beliefs and sympathies. And recent history sug­
gests that the usual glib assurances that such organi­
sations and people will not be snooped on by State
security and intelligence agencies to be worth­
less" (ibid). Aziz told the New Zealand Herald that
such new powers might save the taxpayer the cost of
dressing up police in "fake moustaches and dread­
locks to infiltrate political meetings" (29/7/00;
"Cybercops set bells ringing").
The Listener's Russell Brown looked at the issue with
an expert's eye, in his regular Computers column
(1218/00; "A buggers life"). "Technical solutions to
social problems are rarely a good idea. And even
though the use of encryption provides a serious chal­
lenge for investigators, following Britain would be a
disaster. Legislation on these issues should be incre­
mental and additional powers extended in the most
miserly fashion. Just as the horizon for business
planning around the Internet is no more than a year
or two, so should politicians resist the temptation to
make Great Big Law when none of us knows what's
coming".
This cyber erosion of civil liberties and privacy is one
that needs very careful monitoring .
y Its
Following his victory, David claimed $8,500 costs; he
settled for $5,500. The State got off very lightly - he
represented himself, rather than hiring an extremely
expensive Queen's Counsel (as Aziz had done, in his
successful case against the SIS). David didn't receive
anything until he took the unprecedented step, under
section 24 of the 1950 Crown Proceedings Act, of ob­
taining a certificate telling the Governor-General to
get him the money.
PR
He continues to press the Government for a proper
A apolcgy but Margaret Wilson, the Attomey-General,
has taken issue wrth the Judgment by writing: " .
There is no suggestion that you were subjected to the
search of your Riccarton Road residence because of
your political activities. . . As I have said previously.
'
while I can understand your concern to see improve­
ments in the functioning of the two authorities who
looked into your case (the Inspector-General of Intel­
ligence and Security & the Police Complaints Author­
ity Ed.). it would not be appropriate for me as Attor­
ney-General to engage in that task" (letter to David
Small, 15/6/00) David asked her who, therefore, is
the appropriate authority? He concluded: " ... Finally,
can I say that, from what I had known of you, I held
the genuine hope that, once this matter was brought
to your attention, it would be dealt with in an informed
and considered manner. I have found four years of
lies and cover ups on this matter extremely draining
and disillusioning. To be honest, I am not surprised at
the Police fobbing me off and trying to cover their
tracks. But my heart sank when I found the same old
stuff with your signature under it I look forward, albeit
with far diminished expectations, to your reply" (letter
to Attorney-General, 20/6/00) The reply contradicted
Wilson's first letter: "You may be assured that nothing
in my letter of 15 June is intended to undermine or
cast doubt on Justice Young's findings. . .The Judge
found that due to the lack of other cogent grounds in
the search warrant it could be said that the motive for
getting the initial warrant with your name included
arose from your political activities as they were be­
lieved (wrongly) to be . . . " (letter to David Small,
6/7/00). David doesn't intend to let the matter rest
there - we'll keep you posted.
David And Aziz Speak At ABC's Waihopai
Fundraiser
ABC held a fundraiser, in September, to raise money
for the January 2001 Waihopai spybase protest (see
enclosed flyer for details. Ed.). This featured Aziz
Choudry and David Small as the speakers, talking
anecdotally and strictly off the record, about the story
behind the story. David has the advantage over Aziz
there, as he had the benefit of an actual court case,
with witnesses to cross examine, and lies to expose.
,-------------------------"T
David Small (right) and Aziz Choudry _____
Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 6
He gave us a hilarious account of the wholesale lying
from the cops and the plague of amnesia that seems
to be sweeping through the Christchurch Police Sta­
tion (no wonder so many cops are getting out on
medical grounds). Aziz had no such case, his court
actions revolved around abstract and obscure points
of law. But he held his end up in the humour stakes
by reading us the wonderful submission from the
Blokes' liberation Front on one of the various SIS
Amendment Bills of the 1990s. We also screened,
again, "Big Brother Is listening", the excellent 1999
Australian TV documentary about Echelon, featuring
both Waihopai and Nicky Hager (avai/able for hire
from ABC for $10, for one week. Ed).
It was a great night - Becky and Melanie did a won­
derful supper - but a non-starter as a fundraiser. Less
than 20 paying people attended. There are two possi­
ble explanations - a lot of people can't spare the $10
we charged; or, more likely, that this is now seen as
old news. It's been more than a year since Aziz's
case was settled out of court; David's judgment was
delivered six months earlier. We take responsibility
for the delayed timing of the event, but some circum­
stances were beyond our control - for instance, we
had to work around David going overseas for six
weeks as part of his sabbatical. Whatever the reason,
we only got a small turnout, but it was .a fascinating
evening for those who came. Many thanks indeed to
Aziz and David, and ABC was pleased to be able to
congratulate them in person for their great victories.
SIS: Alliance Wrings Its Hands
Aziz Choudry wrote to Jim Anderton (his MP), point­
ing out that the bungled 1996 SIS break-in happened
in Jim's Wigram electorate, and asked what the Alli­
ance planned to do about the SIS. He received this
reply from Tony Simpson, Anderton's Senior Advisor:
" ... As far as the SIS is concerned the position of the
Alliance has been publicly available for some time... It
continues to be our view that the SIS is certainly non­
accountable, that the alleged structures of account­
ability are ineffective and it is question­
able as to whether we need such an or­
ganisation at aiL We think that there
ought to be a public inquiry accordingly.
However, this is not a view shared by
our coalition partner, including some
very senior members of Cabinet, and,
frankly, until the Alliance can be a more
significant component in a future gov­
ernment, that is likely to remain the
situation.
"That may or may not be very welcome
news to you (I expect the latter) but
there is no point in beating about the
bush. We debated our involvement in
the Government committee set up out­
side the Parliamentary structure to
'oversee' the SIS (AnderJon sits on the
Intelligence and Security Committee.
Ed.) in the light of that situation and de­
-'1 cided, reluctantly and in the end, that
the best thing would be to try and monitor it from the harto family. In­
Inside We are therefore taking part in this process, creasing income
but we do so in a spirit of the utmost scepti­ disparities be­
cism' (letter to Aziz Chaudry, 30/5/00) tween rich and
poor, and so on.
Simpson's letter also betrayed the state of adminis­ These kinds of
trative chaos attending the Alliance's ascent into the things are often
lofty heights of Govemment Aziz had written months justified in the
earlier and received no reply or acknowledgement It name of New Zea­
was only after he wrote a second time that Simpson land's commit­
replied ' , I have searched high and low for your ear­ ments to the global
iler letter but it completely eludes me, I apologise for free market econ­
this and put it down to the confusion which sur­ omy which the
rounded the change of governrnent This was chaotic WTO maintains
to put it rnildly those responsible were obviously, for and promotes,
whatever reason, ill prepared for the change, We are
taking steps to make sure thiS does not pertain in the "In Parliament, Mr Moore was a strong supporter of
future but In the meantime quite a lot of our corre­ the NZSIS. But he has now gone on to other things
spondence has seemingly vanished, including your He IS the figurehead for a powerful International or­
earlier letter. . ' (ibid) ganisation which operates in a clandestine, unac­
countable manner, which makes enforceable deCI­
News Flash! SIS Does Not Consider Mike sions that can undermine eXisting national laws and
Moore To Be A Terrorist which could well constrain future governments from
charting thelf own course for economic, polibcal and
New Zealand's very own Mike Moore is Director­ social development
General of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). He
is based in Geneva, and returned to New Zealand, in "The WTO claims to operate by consensus Yet really
August 2000, for a holiday, and to receive an honour it is dominated by a 'quad' of powerful governments
from his former labour colleagues (who had been (USA, Japan, the European Union, and Canada) who
relieved to see him go); plus an honorary doctorate then try to impose their deciSions on other WTO
from lincoln University; and to address an Employ­ members, Negotiating positions and the contents of
ers' Federation lunch, in Christchurch, that was the agreements at the WTO are closely guarded secrets
focus of a small but very noisy protest The whole until they have been signed when it IS far too late for
SIS break-in and resulting court case had proven any of us to do anything about them,
conclUSively that the SIS targets opponents of free
trade and globalisation Tongue firmly in cheek, Aziz "Indeed even former WTO head. Arthur Dunkel, at a
Chaudry wrote to SIS Director, Richard Woods, on seminar of prominent WTO supporters (in 1999)
behalf of GATT Watchdog (GATT - General Agree­ raised the question regarding the WTO 'Who IS driv­
ment on Tariffs and Trade, Now calied the WTO, Ed) ing the process in trade poiicy - governments or the
business community?'.
"We write to, .. urge your Service to act swiftly to pro­
tect New Zealand's international and economic well­ "The SIS takes an active Interest in 'the threat to New
being from the irnpact of the foreign-influenced capa­ Zealand's security from extremist groups dedicated to
bilities, Intentions or actiVities generated by Mr Moore overthrowing or undermining parliamentary democ­
and the INTO, We believe that Mr Moore and the racy' (p13, "Security In New Zealand Today") The
wro constitute '3 range of new or emerging external WTO, along with other vehicles which promote the
threats to NZ's security' ("Security In New Zealand global free market economy, clearly threatens
Today": NZSIS 1998. p13) 'Parliamentary democracy' It is hardly surprising that
the Clerk of the House, David McGee, said that
"We understand that New Zealand's small intelli­ international agreements are driVing domestic law to
gence and security community aims to 'protect and a far greater extent than they were before', The WTO
promote New Zealand's defence, foreign policy and is clearly a subverSive organisation
national economic interests', Being an intelligence
organisation, the Service must know all about the "This has been corroborated internationaHy We note
devastating impacts that trade and Investment liber­ that last week in Islamabad, Pakistani organisations
ailsatlon a re haVing on communities throughout New concemed about the Impact of WTO agreements on
Zealand Beginning Pakistan described Mr Moore as a 'terrorist, and the
with the Job losses WTO as a 'terrons! organisation
caused by tariff cuts.
Say no No
the frighteningly high "The mo acknowledges that it undermines Parlia­
NO! 10 the mentary democracy. For example, In 1999 It pub­
level of transnational
MO! lished 'The 10 benefits of the WTO Trading Sys­
ownership of Vital in­
frastructure, the land tem' (available on Its Web which conclude:
sold to Infamous 'Quite often. governments use the WTO as a wel­
criminals Irke the Su- come external constraint on their - we

Peace Researcher 22, December 2000, Page 7

can't do this because it would violate the WTO agree­
ments'.
"Given that the WTO operates in 'clandestine ways to
achieve their objectives' (p17, "Security In New Zea­
land Today") we presume you will seek a warrant to
intercept Mr Moore's communications now and in the
future. We would however suggest some prior train­
ing in the skills of breaking and entering as we are a
little concerned at the level of skill displayed by some
of your officers in the past.
indeed any other matter.. " (letter from SIS Director
"Besides his involvement in a very shadowy organi­
sation, in his role as Director-General of the WTO, Mr
Moore's appearance incites trouble. We are sure that
the Service will have noted the mass mobilisations of
many thousands of people in Seattle at last year's
WTO Ministerial Meeting and perhaps similar events
surrounding his various international fixtures since
becoming WTO Director-General.
"We realise we have not always seen eye to eye with
your Service, But as your predecessor, Don Mciver,
states in your publication 'Security In New Zealand
Today'. the NZSIS relies 'on the support and assis­
tance of other ordinary New Zealand­
ers to do our work effectively' and
we're just trying to do our bit.
"Please do not hesitate to contact us if
you need any more information about
Mr Moore and his dangerous organisa­
tion" (letter to SIS Director, 3/8/00).
Woods replied: " . . . 1 welcome yoor in­
terest in the Service's mandate ., and I
Star Wars Down Under
Harewood a Vital Link
Remember Ronnie Reagan? Well, he doesn't re­
member you. OK, that's the tasteless joke out of the
way. One of the more bizarre 1980s legacies of his
Presidency (well, actually, the whole bloody lot was
pretty bizarre) was Star Wars. This truly cosmic fan­
tasy of a Hollywood B actor never came to pass but
the plan was to put a nuclear shield in space to pro­
tect the US from any incoming Soviet missiles by
shooting down each and every one of them. Reagan
saw off the Evil Empire, the Soviet Union is no more
(and hasn't it become a showcase for capitalism and
democracy?) but Star Wars never actually died. Just
as the Star Wars movies themselves were reissued
in the 90s, and new ones made, so Star
Wars, the Pentagon's wet dream, resur­
faced in that same decade of American
triumphalism
f which has an unquenchable penchant
Clinton's $US60 billion version is more
Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 8
appreciate your statement that you and your organi­
sation are, as you put it 'just trying to d o your bit' As
you know, it is not the Service's normal practice to
confirm or deny whether individuals or groups are of
interest to it. That said, I note the view you ascribe
to certain Pakistani organisations, that the Rt Honour­
able Mike Moore is a 'terrorist' and the WTO IS 'a ter­
rorist organisation'. I will give this claim the consid­
eration it warrants. May I take this opportunity to re­
assure you that I fully respect your right to lawful ad­
vocacy, protest or dissent, in respect of the WTO or
8/8/00).
Government Increases Budget For SIS &
GCSB
The LabourlAliiance government's first Budget gave
the SIS and GCSB (Government Communications
Security Bureau, which runs Waihopai and Tangi­
moana) an extra $1 million of taxpayers money be­
tween them. The SIS got a total of $11,5 million, an
increase of 5%; the GCSB got an extra $604,000,
Between them, the two spy agencies now get more
than $31 million per year, of which the GCSB's share
is nearly $20 million, The Government
offered no explanation as to what the
extra money is for. Green co-leader,
Rod Donald said: "I'm horrified they
have a funding increase" (NZ Herald,
17/6/00; "Extra spy spend all hush­
hush"), Jim Anderton's office referred
all questions to the Prime Minister's
offICe; Helen Clark had nothing to say.
New Government, business as usual
for spies.
Murray Horton
modest, but no less bizarre, The National Missile De­
fense (NMD) project aims to intercept and destroy
100% of incoming nuclear missiles, Now, who is
likely to be firing these missiles at Uncle Sam? Not
the Russians, because their nuclear arsenal is more
of a danger to themselves than anybody else, The
Chinese have the capacity, but not the motivation.
No, apparently the danger comes from "rogue
States" (now rechristened "States of concem"). Who
are they? North Korea, Iraq and Iran have been
nominated. Why they would commit suiCide by firing
off one or two missiles at the world's predominant nu­
clear power is not at all clear, but, hey, who can tell
what makes these foreigners tick?
One could be forgiven for thinking that
the world's biggest rogue state IS
none other than the good old US,
for bombing and laying waste to coun-
 tries from Iraq to Yugoslavia. For­
get about States of concern. What
about America's state of mind?
Paranoia The huge military/
industrial complex needs to fabri­
cate reasons to justify its exis­
tence (not to mention ever in­
creasing military spending) during peacetime, when
the US is the world's only superpower In short, it
must corne up with enemies and threats, no matter
how implausible. American popular culture is satu­
rated with myths of monsters which are coming to get
them - every giant gorilla, atomic mutant lizard, and
comet in the Universe is making a beeline for New
York City.
NMD requires not only interceptor nuclear missiles -
100 will be stationed at a site in Alaska - but also the
cntical ability to track incoming missiles from the mo­
ment of launch, until the moment of their destruction
by the forces of good. This means extensive modifi­
cation to existing radar stations and spybases, plus
the creation of new ones. Just what we needed! This
will involve the Aleutian Islands, and Thule radar sta­
tion on Greenland (colonised by NATO member.
Denmark) Will be indispensable. (From the start of the
Cold War and the Defense Early Warning Line, the
Arctic has been crucial to American nuclear strategy).
But NMD requires a truly global mobilisation of radar
stations and spybases. In Germany, the Bad Aibling
spybase IS involved. In Britain, it involves the upgrad­
Ing of the early warning station at Fylingdales, on the
North York moors. as well as our old friend, the gi­
gantic Menwith Hill electronic spybase. Plus the Pen­
tagon announced that it would need to build a new 14
storey high (!) X band radar station in Britain.
Pine Gap, Nummgar, Harewood
Of greatest relevance to New Zealanders is the cru­
cial role assigned by the US to its key bases in Aus­
tralia, namely Pine Gap and Nurrungar. Directly rele­
vant because these spybases, Pine Gap in particular,
are regularly supplied through the US military base at
Christchurch Airport. Peace Researcher, the ABC,
and our organisations and publications,
have been publicising and opposing this fact for dec­
ades. Under the cover of providing logistiC support for
peaceful SCientific research in Antarctica, Harewood
is used year round by the US Air Force as one of its
chain of military transport bases throughout the Pa­
Cific, one which dlfectly ties "nuclear free" New Zea­
land into the IJS nuclear warfightmg machine. It's
worth repeating that Harewood is the only US military
base situated In a city anywhere in A.ustralasia, and
that It'S been here for 45 years.
Pine is arguably the crown jewel in the global
ring of run by American Intelligence agen-
cies about it IS top secret (no demos cr
petitions at the front unlike Waihopai; even pho­
tos of it are a rarity, as access, including overflYing, is
protliotted). A perceived threat to its secrecy, or even
from the 1972-75 Whitlam Labor govern­
ment was a key factor In the bloodless coup that
ove-rthrew that Australlan government A recently de-
Peace Researcher 22, December 200(J" Pag!:.'" 9
classified 1995 letter from the State Department to
the then director of the NatJonal Security Agency
(NSA) warned 8gamst releaSing any Information
about what Pine Gap does, as that could cause
"undesirable repercussions· 10 the host nation. In
1999, the Australian Parliament's Joint Standing
Committee on Treaties complainec that although US
Congress officials had visited Pine Gap and received
classified briefings, the Treaties Committee was
"entrusted with less infonmation than can be found In
a public library" (Age. 22/7/00: "Vel! drawn around
base's role", Duncan Campbell)
It was only in July 2000 that Australians were told. by
William Cohen, the US Secretary of Defense, that
Pine Gap had been "very much" involvec With NMD
since October 1999 (ibid). Cohen wasn't telling the
full truth. ".. Pine Gap will be the front line of the
planned tracklrlg and miSSile defence system. The
new system, called SBIRS (Space-Based Infra-Red
System), is planned to be operational by
2004 ... " (ibid). Not only that, but the US and Australia
(the most compliant of US allies) have signed an
agreement allowing the US Navy to test ship-based
anti-missile systems on a newly created missile test
range north of Broome (Western Australia), extending
100 kilometres Inland. This is part of NMD. Cohen
told the US Senate Armed Services Committee. after
his visit to Australia: "I was just in Australia. The Aus­
tralian government said that if the United States were
to go forward, they would be supportive" (Vanguard.
9/8/00; 'Yank 'Star Wars' not wanted here!"). That
has been the sad story of the USIAustralian relation­
ship for the past 50 years.
War With China
NMD is perceived by both Russia and China as a di­
rect threat to them. and has been strongly denounced
by both They have threatened to abandon interna­
tional arms control agreements and bolster their nu­
clear strike forces. China has called on Australia to
stop being '8 cats paw" for the US (People·s Oaily
quoted in Sydney Morning Herald. 2617(00) Even the
most conservative elements of Australian society
agree with this and therefore don't want
Australia Involved With NMD. Malcolm Fraser. the
l.iberal Pnme Minister came to power as are"
 suit of that 1975 coup which over­
threw Whitlam), has written:
"The US seeks to Justify its establish­
ment of a missile defence shield by the need to be
protected against the actions of 'rogue' States. I do
not believe that assertion. The claim concerning
'rogue' States is the US excuse, not its reason. Its
reason is the incipient belief in the US policymaking
environment that a war with China will one day be
inevitable. I do not say that US policymakers want
such a war, but I do believe that they do not know
how to avoid it. To me, in Australia, the defence Es­
tablishment. as much as the foreign policy Establish­
ment, just believes that we are part of the American
hemisphere, that we are important to the US when, in
fact, we're not particularly. I don't want to tear up the
ANZUS Treaty (which has been minus its NZ compo­
nent since 1986. Ed.). I would keep it. But I think we
should analyse in what circumstances it is likely to be
helpful to us, we should be totally realistic in our ex­
pectations, and we should be working with countries
of Asia to develop relations which, over time, will
make partiCipation with Powers external to the region
unnecessary" (Australian, quoted in Vanguard,
9i8iOO, "US 'Star Wars' plan is aimed at China").
Indeed, more and more international commentators
are noting that the Pentagon is building up China to
be the "next" Soviet Union (Le. the enemy), and pre­
paring for a future war with China. As Andrew Mar­
shall wrote, in theIndependent (quoted in the New
Zealand Herald, 2/9/00; "Pentagon defence strategy
primed for global conflict"): "... America says it (NMD)
is aimed at North Korea and Iran: it is not, or at least,
not only at them. It is aimed at China. and maintain­
ing US dominance in the Pacific. It will cost up to
$US60 billion; you do not spend that for one or two
North Korean missiles ... ". Walden Bello, the noted
Filipino author and analyst, has detailed some of the
Pentagon's plans for war with China. In the (northern)
summer of 1999, the US Defense Department held a
2025", with participants
restricted study entitled "Asia
drawn from both the US military and think tanks. It
formed one of the key components of the recently re­
leased Pentagon global strategy document, "Joint Vi­
sion 2020". China is singled out as a "force for insta­
bility and constant competitor".
Global OppOSition
Not surprisingly there has been global opposition to
NMD. and With very good reason. It breaches the
1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty between the
US and Soviet Union, a treaty which underpins a
whole series of international arms control agree­
ments.
Canada and Germany, both key NATO allies and will­
ing accomplices in America's "little" wars, have said
that they don't want to be involved in NMD. France
and Germany have called on Britain to join a united
European rejection of the proJect. Senior Ministers in
Tony Blair's New Labour government are opposed to
It, for reasons ranging from Britain becoming a nu-
Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 10
clear target of the "rogues", to the spybases in Britain
becoming targets of massive peace protests of the
sort which besieged the Greenham Common US
Cruise missile base throughout the 1980s (that cam­
paign recently ended, after 19 years, with the com­
plete conversion of the base back to peaceful pur­
poses). The Foreign Office (anti) is at odds with the
Ministry of Defence (pro). The Parliamentary Foreign
Affairs Select Committee called on Blair to tell Clinton
that Britain's support cannot be assumed.
" ... Britain's decision amounts to the chOlce that its
governments always hate to make, between America
and Europe. Finally, that decision matters in practical
terms, since NMD requires the upgrading of the exist­
ing US radar installations at Fylingdales in Yorkshire
and possibly a new facility elsewhere in the UK.
Small wonder the Government is unwilling to break
cover before it absolutely has to.
"But the Select Committee is right. Precisely because
of the Intimate defence links between the two coun­
tries, precisely because of the Fylingdales connec­
tion, ours is perhaps the only friendly foreign voice
that will carry weight in Washington. Politely, privately
if necessarily, but emphatically, that voice should be
telling the Americans that with national missile de­
fence they are making a huge and unnecessary mis­
take" (Independent, 3/8100, editorial: "We must tell
the US that its missile defence system is a mistake").
October 7, 2000 marked "International Day of Protest
to Stop. the Militarization of Space", with protest ac­
tions around the world.
,
It Doesn't Actually Work
Fortunately for the rest of the world,
the Pentagon faces one insuperable
drawback with NMD - the damned
thing . doesn't work. Three times
(most recently in July 2000) test missiles have been
fired from Vandenberg Air Force Base, in California,
towards long suffering Kwajalein Atoll, in the Marshall
Islands. Twice, the interceptor missiles (described as
trying to hit a bullet with a bullet) have missed it. And
those tests were under ideal circumstances, with
launch times known and decoy missiles also known.
A real attack would have none o f those advantages
plus it may very well involve multiple simultaneous
incoming missiles. As the Independent editorial said:
" ... The failure of the latest test, in July, suggests that
any NMD umbrella will have gaping holes - assum­
ing the umbrella can be made to open at all. Where
nuclear weapons are concerned, 70 or 80% protec­
tion is not enough. If the shield is not 100% effective,
forget it..." (ibid).
Nor does NMD offer America any protection against
rogues who might decide to carry in suitcase sized
nuclear or chemical weapons. Nor against the devas­
tating homemade bombs favoured by America's very
own (white, Rightwing) terrorists. Nor, for that matter,
against the tidal wave of murders and terror brought
about by America's deathwish love affair with the
gun. I'll take bets that many thousands more Ameri-
can will die at the hands of their guntoting fellow citi­
zens than from any North Korean missiles. The
American paranoia also overlooks the current recon­
ciliation between the two Koreas, epitomised by lead­
ers' summits. family reunions and the two teams
marching together at the Sydney Olympics Opening
Ceremony
01' Bill Clinton is a lame duck (has been since 1 996.
actually), and simply wants to enJoy a retirement de­
voted to backscratching with his celebrity and billion­
aire pals, playing his saxophone, twanging the G
string of any passing nymphet, and thinking of ever
more novel uses for cigars. In short, he can't be both­
ered with any of this stuff anymore. So, in September
2000, he postponed any decision on N M D . That's the
good news - the bad news is that the new President
will have to make the decision whether to proceed or
not George W. Bush has made clear that he would
The secrecy obsessed British spy agencies - MI5
(internal) and M I 6 (overseas) - have been driven
frantic by the activities of two of their former agents,
namely M I 5 man, David Shayler and MI6 man, Rich­
ard Tomlinson (both of whom have featured in PR
repeatedly in recent years). I n both cases, the spy­
bosses have used the British and "allied" govern­
ments (including good old New Zealand) to harass,
bash, spy on, intimidate, follow, prosecute, imprison,
expel, bar entry to and generally make life miserable
for both of them. The cumulative effect is aimed at
driVing them mad, and hopefully saving the spies a
"wet Job" by killing themselves. But neither SMyler
nor Tomlinson shOws any sign of buckling under the
immense· pressure. Quite the opposite - they have
upped the ante by irritating their former employers
still further
David Shaylef & The Gaddafi Assassination
Plot
David Shayler was a working class lad from oop
North who was at a party in 1 99 1 when he learned
that he had got the Government Job he'd applied for
and promptly told fellow revellers "M15 has offered
me a job" (Sunday Times, 27/2/00: "The spy who just
won't shut up"). M I 5 should have been warned from
that moment onwards. Shayler duly became an MI5
agent, finding the life rather less glamorous than por­
trayed (the murky world ·of M I 5/MI6 and Police intelli­
gence was brilliantly captured in the early 90s TV se­
ries "Between The lines", recently repeated on Prime
TV) He became disenchanted with what he learned
of M15's waste of public money and, more explo­
Sively, h e learned of an unsuccessful 1 996 M I 6 op­
eration to assassinate Libyan leader, Colonel Muam­
mar Gaddafi. He went public, co-authoring a book
entitled '"Defending The Realm M I S And The Shayler
Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 11
approve a much more sweeping system, a complete
rebirth of Star Wars, the legacy of the Reagan years
when his Daddy was firstly Vice PreSident, then the
President who whupped old Saddam's ass (only to
then have been voted out by an ungrateful people)
So this issue hasn't gone away, but simply been
postponed for a short while. In fact, missile testing is
due to resume at Vandenberg Air Force Base, in
January 2001 (the month that the new President IS
sworn in) In late 2000. the US government moved
closer to testing a space-based laser a critical
weapon in NMD. If It. or some version of space war­
fare, does proceed, it will heavily involve the U S spy­
bases in our most powerful neighbour. and it will di­
rectly involve the country which hosts a US base
which supplies those spybases. Better start looking
out for rogues at Christchurch Airport
Murray Horton
Affair", which detailed surveillance operations against
people such as the late John lennon, and Peter
Mandelson and Jack Straw, both senior figures in
Tony Blair's New Labour government. H e also de­
scribed a culture of bureaucracy, incompetence and
boozing. Shayler then flew out of Britain the day after
publication. H e hid out in France With hiS girlfriend,
Annie Machan, who was also an M I 5 agent She flew
back to Britain, in 1 997, to test the waters, was ar­
rested at the airport, bailed but never charged, and
found herself able to come and go. From France.
Shayler s'u pplied British media with regular inside sto­
ries about Bntish intelligence and backed u p his
claims about the Gaddafi assassination plot with evi­
dence - it was this latter revelation which particularly
rattled the Government He set u p a Website devoted
to his claims.
I n 1 998 Shayler flew to Paris for a TV interview with
Sir David Frost He was arrested in the foyer of his
hotel by French intelligence, acting o n a British re­
quest for extradition. After three months in prison, he
was freed when a French court threw out the case
The British government then opened negotiations for
his return. It wanted hirn to indefinitely relinquish his
copyright on anything he writes and to return his
newspaper earnings. Shayler regarded those terms
as draCOnian and negotiations broke down. The Gov­
ernment responded by suing h i m for breach of copy­
right over secret service files a n d demanding
£200,000 damages. The suit also named Associated
Newspapers, publisher of The Mail on Sunday, as co­
defendant, for "causing injUry to the national inter­
est" (ibid). Shayler described Tony Blair as "worse for
democracy than Margaret Thatcher" and "the leader
of a totalitarian regime" (Independent, 27/2/00:
" Shayler names Bntish agents in 'Gaddafi murder
plot'''). He responded to this civil suit by disclosing to
 the media the names
of two serving MI6 offi­
cers whom he claimed
were involved in the
Gaddafi assassination
plot, and said that he
was prepared to name
his own former boss at
M15, to whom he had
originally voiced his
concerns. It emerged
that, in November
1999. Shayler had written to the Home Secretary,
Jack Straw (the same Minister who had previously
been under surveillance) detailing the Gaddafi plot,
naming names. The Straw man did nothing, of
course; the media didn't publish the names that
Shayler gave them, as it is illegal to do so (same in
NZ).
The spybosses were very keen to quash publicity
about the Gaddafl murder plot. In February 2000, a
Califomia-based website posted an authentic MI6
document about what was known about a plot to as­
sassinate Gaddafi by a group of dissident Libyan
army officers. The Police Special Branch went after
anyone that they thought might have been involved in
acquiring the MI6 document - in March, Judy Ann
Davies, a student at Kingston University in Surrey
was arrested in the middle of a lecture (to the aston­
ishment of her classmates), her computer seized,
and she was charged under the 1911 Official Secrets
Act. The media reported that she was a Shayler sym­
pathiser.
As for Shayler himself, he and his lawyer negotiated
a return to Britain, in August 2000, after three years
of self-imposed exile in France. He was arrested
upon arrival, charged over his disclosures vis a vis
secret service incompetence, and released on bail.
Pointedly, he was not charged over his Gaddafi as­
sassination plot claims. The British government,
which has dismissed them as "pure fantasy" (Press,
23/8/00; "Former spy to pursue 'Gaddafi plot'''), is not
at all keen to have them tested in court Upon his re­
lease from Police custody, Shayler was exultan! " I
was not questioned a t aiL It's now clear that the Gov­
ernment allegations have no SUbstance, . I feel good
.
to be back In my own country and to be free again,
And as soon as possible we are going to pursue the
Gaddafi plot" (Ibid).
Shayler was in court in September (the same day
that a person or persons unknown hit the $NZ1 bil­
lion+ MI6 HQ with a couple of rockets, just to give the
spybosses a real headache) As for Colonel Gaddafi,
who has survived more than 30 years of various ene­
mies trying to kill him (including Ronald Reagan who
had his Tripoli home bombed in 1986, killing or
wounding several of his children), he is enjoying re­
spectability among his erstwhile Western foes in
2000. He paid millions of SUS to secure the release
of Western hostages held for several months by the
Abu Sayyaf kidnap gang on the Sulu Sea island of
joio, in the southernmost Philippines. The hostages
Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 12
were flown from the Philippines to Libya to give
thanks to Gaddafi and be collected by their grateful
governments and families. Actually, Gaddafi "the ter­
rorist" has a long record of brokering peace deals in
the wartorn Muslim island of Mindanao. In the mid
1970s he helped to end one war there, negotiating
with no less than Imelda Marcos (what a pair of 20"
Century icons!) to stop a major war involving real
guerillas (as opposed to the current gangsters). So
who is the " terrorist" here - Gaddafl or the pinstriped
public school old boys who plotted to have him killed?
Looks like Shayler may very well be onto something
We'll keep you posted.
The Persecution of Richard Tomlinson
Richard Tomlinson, the New Zealand-born former
MI6 agent, is very familiar to PR readers. We have
been following his case for several years. In 1995.
after a posting in Bosnia, he was sacked - that
sparked him off on a crusade to fight what he calls
his "illegal and unfair" dismissal. MI6 says that he
was sacked because he was "not a good team player
and prone to go off on his own frolics" (New Zealand
Herald, 31/5/00; "Outcast: the spy who wants to spill
the beans", Carroll Du Chateau). Tomlinson decided
to write a book about his life as a spy, a big no no in
spook land. After sending a synopsis to an Australian
publisher, he was arrested, charged under the Official
Secrets Act and, in 1997, sentenced to 12 months
prison (the first British agent to be i m prisoned in his
own country since Soviet spy George Blake, in the
1960s). Upon release, he was forbidden to communi­
cate with the meJjia, banned from leaving Britain and
ordered to surrender his British and NZ passports. He
refused to hand over the NZ one, and skipped to
France, where he was promptly beaten up by the
gendarmes. He headed back to New Zealand, where
the NZ authorities slapped him with an injunction un­
der the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act
forbidding him to reveal MI6 secrets He was hauled
off a plane bound for Australia, and is now perma­
nently banned from there,
En route to Switzerland. he stopped off in Pans
where he testified to the judicial inquiry into Princess
Diana's death, saying that it bore a striking resem­
blance to an MI6 operation that had been planned to
assassinate former Yugoslav leader, Siobodan MiI­
osevic. His lawyer (who is also Shayler's) tried to bro­
ker a dea/. MI6 offered a 12 month pension, interest
free loan and help to find another Job In return,
Tomlinson had to shut up. in perpetuity. He signed. " I
was forced into signing, They said that if I didn't,
We'll harass you around the world for the rest of your
life'" (ibid) He tried the Job they got for him. hated it.
and promptly tried to talk to the media again. All bets
were off.
When he fiew to New York to meet journalists, he
was Instead arrested, shackled to a chair for SIX
hours and flown back to Geneva, A constant senes of
leaks about MI6 operations were attributed to him (he
denies them): that MI6 had a hIgh level mole in Ger­
many's central bank; MI6 was involved in economic
spying on European allies: that the Serbs made a big
donation to the British Conservative Party; and that
MI6 stole top secret submarine tracking technology
from the F rench Navy. What ended h i s SWISS sOjourn
was the cyberspace identification of around 1 60 M I 6
spies around t h e world, including N e w Zealand (see
PR 1 9120 Ed ) Tomlinson had threatened to do ex­
actly that. but denied that he was actually responsible
(and MI6 now accepts that it wasn't him). The British
government banned his Web page, but sympathisers
republished it around the world. As he said: "This
shows the freedom of speech provided by the Inter­
net is far more powerful than the outdated secrecy
laws of a minor state" (ibid). But he had to flee Ge­
neva, in June 1 999, only hours before Swiss authori­
ties were to throw him out on allegations that he had
violated a civil order not to publish the list He moved
to Germany and then Italy. working in odd jobs.
In 2000, a Russian publisher asked him to write a
book about his adventures since leaving M16. As a
result Italian authorities raided his Rimini home, seiz­
ing h i s laptop, electronic organiser, cellphone, CDs
and even a blanket Tomlinson says: "This book
doesn't break the Official Secrets Act It's just about
things that happened since I left M16. I've been ar­
rested 1 1 times, they've put i njunctions on every
other publisher The publisher thinks it's very funny
and I thmk it's ironic, really, that the freedom of
speech i s i n Russia now' (ibid). I njunctions forbid him
publishing in: Britain, US, Australia, NZ, France, Thai­
land. Switzerland and Italy. He is under heavily intru­
sive surveillance in Italy, being constantly tailed by
both cops and intelligence agents.
This harassment of irritating ex-spies by their former
employers IS par for the course - it became a part of
daily life for Phill'lp Agee, the most famous former CIA
agent, who wrote the seminal 1 970s book "Inside The
fhilirrial'
Bases Toxic Wastes Victims Sue U S a n d Philippines
Nearly a century of US bases in the Philippines came
to an end with the h i storic 1 99 1 vote by the Philip­
pines Senate not to renew the bases treaty with the
US, and to close down those bases, principally the
huge Sublc Navy base, and the even bigger Clark Air
Force base (which had a l ready been put out of busi­
ness by that year's cataclysmic eruption by Mt Pi­
natubo). The bases duly closed, in 1 992, and steps
have been taken to try and convert them into some­
thing useful
So. the US bases might have been gone from the
PhilipPines for nearly a decade, but they can not be
forgotten, u nfortunately. They left a legacy of deadly
tOXIC waste that IS cruelly killing the most defenceless
members of the most desperately poor - namely,
children. By May 2000. 46 contaminated sites had
Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 13
Company: CIA Diary", and was hounded everywhere
he went as a result. There IS a huge double standard
as far as Tomlinson IS concerned - Dame Stella Rim­
Ington. the fonmer head of M15, has announced plans
to write her memoirs, with no ensuing harassment
Tomlinson is determined to get his book out and says
that he's thinking of gOing to Cuba to get It done " Its
absurd really. There's a huge amount of Government
resources being wasted . . I've just got to get away
from this harassment" (ibid)
Britain still has a n all pervasive culture of secrecy
The Government is still trying to block the publication,
in New Zealand, of a book written by a former New
Zealand member of the British Special Air Service
(SAS). This same fonmer soldier featured in a TVNZ
Assignment programme, in 1 998, which the Brilish
government vainly tried to stop. You would think that
MI6 has got enough threats, both Inside and outside
its top secret ranks, to waste time chasing ex­
employees such as Tomlinson. Not only d i d some­
body blast its London HQ wrth a couple of rockets, In
September 2000 (the
Real IRA is sus­
pected), but in March,
a laptop computer that
contained training in­
formation was left in a
taxi after an M I 6 agent
spent the night booz­
ing at a pub near HQ.
It wasn't recovered un­
til a fortnight later With
current employees like
that, It would seem
that the spybosses
have got their priorities
wrong.
been identified. For years PR has detailed this sad
procession of little kids Into an early grave. It shows
no signs of stopping. I n July 2000. the PhillpplIle
Daily Inquirer reported the death of seven year old
Rogelio Palo, from leukemia caused by exposure to
toxic waste at Subic. He was an Amerasian, aban­
doned by hiS American father (these kids are known
as "GI babies"). The same a rtic le ( 1 2/7/00
"AmeraSian boy dies of leukemia from bases waste")
reported the June death of 12 year old Jaclyn
Guevarra from a similar cause. The children of the
20,000 Pinatubo refugees. who remained encamped
in the former Clark Air Force base for much of the ten
years since the volcaniC lahar engulfed the II world,
have been particularly hard hit I n May 2000. the Phil­
ippine Star reported the death of ten year old Kath­
leen Lavaria, from ieukemla. The best known Ciark
child victim was Crizel Jane Valencia. who died in
February 2000, aged only six. The media took up her
case, dubbing her the "toxic waste warrior". This poor
little kid actually died on board the Greenpeace Inter­
national flagship Rainbow Warrior (a name forever
th
etched In New Zealand's 20 Century history), whilst
touring it with a group of 50 toxic waste victims,
Nearly 1 00 former Clark residents have died of dis­
eases consistent with toxic contamination.
A 1 99 1 US Defense Department report,
" Environmental Review of Drawdown Activities at
Clark Air Base" identified five contaminated sites and
eight potentially contaminated ones, The main prob­
lem area has water contaminated from what used to
be the base's motor pool, with hazardous substances
including arsenic, oil, grease, lead and mercury.
Women have been badly affected and large numbers
of these Pinatubo refugee children have been born
seriously handicapped or have developed terminal
diseases. They have been directly contaminated, by
water, the soil itself, or via their mother's milk, "The
water seemed to have a layer of grease on top, It had
a bad taste and smell. My children often had stomach
ache" (Rosalina Rabellas; " I nheritors of the Earth:
The Human Face of the US Military Contamination at
Clark Air Base, Pampanga, Philippines", quoted in
Kasama, J u ly-September 2000). The US denies any
liability, saying that the refugees illegally dug shallow
wells, tapping into the contaminated water. Some
adults have been contaminated as a result of making
a living by scavenging and selling American waste
products, not knowing that they were exposing them­
selves to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dieldrin,
asbestos and other deadly chemicals, collectively
known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
The People's Task Force for Bases Cleanup has
spearheaded the campaign to get justice, domesti­
cally and/or internationally, for the toxic waste victims
at both Subic and Clark. It is endeavouring to pres­
sure the US government to accept responsibility,
clean up its mess, and help the victims, In May 2000,
the US said that it would look into cooperating with
the Philippines on the problem, but asserted that it
has no liability for the actual clean up, Help is being
sought frorn American civil society. The Philippine
Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 14
Catholic Bishops wrote to their American counter­
parts and asked for support - in August 2000, the US
Conference of Catholic Bishops' Concern called o n
President Clinton to take decisive leadership I n clean­
ing u p the toxic waste. The US Presbyterian C hurch
had already made a similar call.
But the victims are not Simply relying o n moral out­
rage to press their claim In July 2000. 200 of them
filed a class action suit against both the US and Phil­
ippine govemments. They are seeking $US1 02 billion
damages from the US; 52 billion pesos from the Phil­
ippines: and the immediate clean up of Subic and
Clark. They are suing the Philippine government be­
cause of its failure to ensure the safety of the US
bases, a n d its failure to compel t h e U S t o remove the
toxic wastes. Senator Sergio Osmena declared his
support for the suit, noting that the US a llocated more
than $US5 billion to clean up former bases Within the
country, but nothing for cleaning up former bases out­
side the US. "So for them, it's okay to poison foreign­
ers, It's not okay to poison Americans. One of these
days, America will have to face responsibility for
this" (Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2 1 /7/00; "Toxic waste
victims sue US for $ 1 02 B ) . Philippine Foreign Secre­
"
tary, Domingo Siazon, said that the plaintiffs would
have a hard time proving their case, a n d if they won,
local courts could not execute the Judgment because
they don't have j u risdiction over the U S . S u re
enough, when the case made its initial a ppearance in
an Angeles City court. i n September, neither the US
nor the Philippines was represented. They ignored
the hearing.
Dina Valencia, mother of the late Crizel Jane, said
"No amount of money could match the life of my
daughter. We don't need money to take away the
pain brought about by her death. What we want is for
them to Clean up Clark because other people may fall
victims to toxic waste" (Philippine Daily Inquirer,
30/9/00; "RP, US gov'ls ignore toxic waste com­
plaint"). Not only does the Philippine government ig­
nore this court case, it ignores the entire existence of
these poisoned children. In July 2000, President
Estrada said that the Government does not have
enough money and ruled out free medical services
for the kids (plenty of money to wage a destructive
and lengthy war against Muslim
separatists in Mindanao though,
not to mention a h u g e military
force used to terrorise the Philip­
pine people). Neither the US nor
the Philippines has established
any health progra m m e s for these
kids. As slated by Myrla Baldon­
aida, national coordinator of the
People's Task Force for Bases
Cleanup: "They were conceived in
poisoned lands by parents ex­
posed to toxic a n d hazardous
substances in Clark and Subic.
I nnocence did not spare them
f r o m e n v i r o n m e n t a l
crimes" (Philippine Daily Inquirer
2/1 0/00: "Volunteers help victims
 of toxic waste") There are some
small signs of hope - in October
2000, the Angeles C ity govern­
ment signed up to finance
health study in affected villages,
This is the first ever cooperative
undertaking between the local
government and the People's
Task Force for Bases Cleanup
You can help the toxic waste victims by buying a
copy of "Inheritors of the Earth" from the Peo­
ple's Task Force for Bases Cleanup, 46 Jersey
Street, Project 8, Quezon City, Philippines, E ­
mail: basecin@skyinet.net
The Website is http://www.psdn.org.phlbasecln/
homebase.htm
Send $US10, plus postage. You will also get three
cards with drawings by the late Crizel Jane Valen­
cia.
The money will be Llsed for a health programme
for the toxic waste victims.
Business As Usual: Sweatshops & The VFA
As for the former bases themselves. they are not ex­
actly flourishing in their new roles. "Subic is quickly
turning into a disaster Labour is more expensive
than in C h i n a or Vietnam, SO we can't compete in la­
bour-intensive industries. There is virtually no domes­
tic or foreign tourism, Because the investors need
new skills, they hire migrants, not locals - to be blunt,
you can't convert a prostitute into a Chip-maker
Subic's only real i m pact on the local population is as
a source of cheap d utyfree chicken" (Alex Magno,
U niversity Df the Philippines political scientist. quoted
in theFar Eastern Economic Review, 19/1 0/00',
"Baseless', For Subic & Clark. the future was a m'l­
rage" ; Jonathan Napack). The article says that Subic
"feels like a deserted military base", Of the foreign
investors who have set up there, only Federal Ex­
press has prospered , French electronics transna­
tional Thomson pulled out in 1 999. As for Clark, most
of the investment is still in the traditional garment in­
dustry, with just 7% of the workforce in Information
technology Most of them are made up of the 700
software technicians answering tech-support ques­
tions for America On Line's American customers
"Critics say It's a low-paying cyber-sweatshop" . An­
other Alex Magno quote concludes the article "There
was a lot of grand rhetoric. But these are ex-bases.
And we are just an ex-colony"
Of course, courtesy of the Philippines-US ViSiting
Forces Agreement (see previous issues for the de­
tails. Ed ) the Pentagon does not need actual bases
In the Philippines any more. The VFA gives the US
mililani a l l the advantages of unrestricted access.
without any of the burdens of building and
maintammg cumbersome bases. Under the
VFA, the US military first returned to the Phil­
IpPines ,n 2000. for exercises (which
had been suspended for several years, as a
result of the bases' closure) I n June 2000,
the US Navy held Joint exercises In Philippine
Peace Researcher 22, December 20aO. Page i:,
waters, With some warshrps being based at Subic
US Army and Air Force special forces held exercises
inside the former Clark base, dunng August a n d Sep­
a tember. US special forces were reliably reported to
be on the scene when the Philippine military
launched 'Its offensive against the Abu Sayyaf kidnap
gang, on the southern island of Jolo. In September
All In all. business as usual.
The CIA. In The Philippines
Roland Simbulan. University of the Philippines pro­
fessor and prominent author a n d anti-bases actiVist,
has written a paper entitled "The CiA In Manila
(Covert Operations and the CIA's Hidden History in
the Philippines'). It i s a fascinating study of the activi­
ties of the US Central Intelligence Agency In what
was America's only Asian colony, Among Simbulan's
revelations are that the CIA was adVised in advance
of the ( 1 972) date on which President Marcos
planned to declare martiai law (which wasn't lifted un­
til 1 986), and was also given an advance list of those
whom M a rcos planned to arrest and imprison. In the
late 1980s, the CIA was instrumental in the formation
of anti-communist death squads, s u c h as the Alsa
Masa ("Masses Uprise"). This was all part of Low In·
tenSity Conflict, a strategy first tned out i n Amenca's
covert wars in Nicaragua, EI Salvador and Guate­
mala (basically it means to keep the corpses local,
not American; a n d to use death squads a n d " contras"
rather than regular troops).
The CIA has been meddling in the P h i lippines for as
long as it has been an 'independenf country, Simbu­
Ian chronicles the dirty tricks waged against 1 957
Presidential candidate, Senator Claro Recto, and his
later mysterious death. Recto had campaigned tire­
lessly against the US bases. Colonel Edwin Lansdale
spearheaded the successful 1 9505 war against the
Communist Huk guerillas and cultivated President
Magsaysay. This was used as the American model
for counter-revolutionary wars In Latin America and
Vietnam (where it came a spectacular gutser). Like·
wise, the notorious General John Singlaub was the
American behind the creation of the 1 980s death
squads, which have been used throughout the 30
year old civil war with the New People's Army of the
Communist Party of the Philippines (as well as in the
decades old wars against M u s l i m separatist armies in
Mindanao)
Another US operative was Colonel J a m e s Rowe, who
was "clandestinely involved In the organlzatron of
anti-communist death squads like the Alsa Masa and
vigilante groups patterned after Operation Phoenix in
Vietnam, which had the objective of eliminating the
political infrastructure of the insurgency" (Simbulan
paper, delivered as a lecture at the UniverSity of the
PhilipPines. 1 818/00). Rowe was assassI­
nated by urban guerillas of the New Pea"
pie s Army, in Quezon C ity ( M etro Manila),
in 1 989, That thiS was a Significant blow
against American intel!igence i s proved by
the fact that President CBnton several
times 1 9905 Philippine presl-
dents to veto the release of Rowe's convicted killers,
despite the fact that they were recommended for par­
don and release as part of the process of releasing
political prisoners. They remain in prison. But the CIA
hasn't had it all its own way. "The loss of the bases in
the Philippines was a tremendous blow to the CIA's
Asian infrastructure, if not a major setback" (ibid).
Simbulan's paper details the CIA's role i n funding the
reactionary Trade Union Congress of the Philippines,
in projects such as building "partnership" with em­
ployers, co-opting progressive NGOs, and i n thwart­
ing genuine land reform. He details front organisa­
tions, such as the Asia Foundation. The US Regional
Service Center, officially a part of the US I nformation
Service in Manila, is used, covertly, to print and dis­
tribute CIA propaganda throughout Asia. After the
1 986 overthrow of Ferdinand Marcos, America's fa­
vourite dictator, the C I A moved to consolidate its
presence in the Philippines and cultivate new
"assets". The n u m ber of CIA personnel was in­
creased from 1 1 5 to 1 27 , mostly under d iplomatic
cover at the huge US E m bassy. " Political aid is han­
dled by the CIA station (in Manila) which conducts
widespread covert operations, among them, stage­
managed national elections, to assure preferred US
outcome, payoffs to government officials under the
gUise of grants, financing for favored business and
civic groups, pro-US propaganda campaigns among
the population and the supply of intelligence on activ-
The Struggle Continues to KiCK Out U S Bases
Since the mid 1 990s PR has detailed the heroic
struggle by the people of Okinawa to rid their tiny
Japanese island of a positive infestation of US mili­
tary bases. By any measure, Okinawa is severely put
upon It occupies less than 1 % of Japan's total land
area, yet more than 30% of its land area is occupied
by US bases. It plays (very reluctant) host to nearly
30.000 (of the more than 40,000) US Gis in all of Ja­
pan. Firstly it was colonised by Japan itself (it is the
only part of the country to have a language other than
Japanese). It was the scene of the only land battles
on Japanese soil in WW1 1 - over 200,000 died,
mainly civilians. Then, it was colonised by the US.
When t h e Occupation ended i n Japan proper, i n the
1 950s, the U S retained Okinawa. It didn't return to
Japanese rule until the 1 970s. The bases remained.
Even the method of acquiring those bases was differ­
ent on Okinawa - on Japan proper, the U S simply
took over existing bases of the defeated Japanese
Imperial forces. But, on Okinawa. farmers and civil­
ians were forcibly driven off their land to make way
for U S bases.
Here in New Zealand, we host one US base, the
Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 16
ists and dissidents to the Armed Forces of the Philip­
pines . . . Manila has long been the main station, if not
the regional headquarters. of the CIA for Southeast
Asia. This is perhaps so because the P h i l ippines has
long been regarded as a stronghold of US imperial
power in Asia. Since the Americanized Filipinos were
under the spell of American culture, they were easy
to recruit without realizing they were committing trea­
son against their own people and country" (ibid).
Simbulan concludes: "In the Philippines, the CIA has
not only functioned as a listening post but has been
actively used to engage in covert operations, sabo­
tage and political intervention to undermine Philippine
sovereignty and self-determined national policies.
Former CIA operatives in the Philippines confirm the
use of official "diplomatic covers". especially in the
political section of the US E m bassy where they are
given secure communications, protected files and
d iplomatic immunity. They have also used "non­
official covers", disguised as businessmen i n US
firms. Covers under the guise of U S naval or air force
personnel are now minimal after the U S bases and
military facilities i n the Philippines were dismantled
But as we can now see, the CIA has long been oper­
ating with virtual impunity and has always got away
with its deep involvement i n Philippine domestic af­
fairs. Shall we allow this continued intervention i n
Philippine political and economic life?"
Mu,my Horton
multi-purpose, medium level transport base at Christ­
church Airport ( Harewood ) . Australia hosts major US
spy bases - Pine Gap and Nurrungar - but they are,
quite deliberately, i n the middle of nowhere. It is im­
possible for us Australasians to imagine the level of
disruption caused to daily lives by the multitude of
active U S combat bases crowded onto tiny Okinawa
(it's worse even than i n Europe, which is k n eedeep i n
U S a n d NATO warbases). Okinawa h a s been central
to every American war of the past 50 years - Korea.
Vietnam, I raq, etc, etc. Okinawa hosts the only U S
Marine base outside the USA. There is n o Deep
Freeze cover story for any of the bases o n Okinawa -
they are there to fight the wars of the American Em­
pire. They are most definitely not there to defend
Okinawa or Japan. And they are a very in-your-face
manifestation of a foreign m ilitary occupation. They
cut cities and communities i n half; they o perate tens
of thousands of m i litary flights per year, a l l accompa­
nied by constant, maddening jet engine noise; they
pose a constant danger to the heavily populated
communities in whose midst they squat (and there
have been crashes of aircraft into schools, etc).
And the behaviour of
the US military is ab­
horrent - a l l manner of
crimes, including rape
and murder, have been
committed against Oki­
nawans. It was a 1 995
rape of a schoolgirl by
three US servicemen
that prompted the huge
outpouring of popular
fury demanding that the
US bases be chucked
out of Okinawa. The
tiny island commanded
world attention for that
period. There were
massive protests ( 1 0%
of the total population
took part in one); but
the Japanese govern­
ment b u llied and
armtwisted Okinawa's
politicians to accept the
status quo, with vague
promises of improve­
ments in the future. As
for the U S , it agreed to
close the Marine Corps'
Futenma Air Base, but
only if a brand new sub­
stitute base is built to
replace it, at Henoko,
also on Okinawa. The
move will be paid for by
the Japanese govern­
ment's " C o n s iderate
Budget", wh'lch pays all
the expenses of the U S
military i n Japan. This
budget amounted to
275.6 billion yen i n
1 999. If the l a n d rent for
the U S forces is in­
cluded, the amount
paid by Japanese tax­
payers rises to
$US1 60,000 per U S soldier. want his troops here", said Isao Kaneshiro, head of a
local teachers' union (Press, 2 1 /7/00). The U S mili­
Western media attention drifted elsewhere, as it tary blotted its copybook again just prior to the high
does, for the next few years. But, in July 2000, the profile Summit - a n airman was arrested for a hit and
'
Japanese government hosted the annual G8 Summit run; a Marine was arrested for molesting a sleeping
(the Group of Eight - the seven wealthiest Western 14 year old girl in her home. Okinawan MPs in the
countries, plus Russia) and decided to hold it on Oki­ Japanese Parliament protested to both the Foreign
nawa. Japan spent an obscene amount of money on Ministry and the US Embassy; Thomas Foley, the US
the Summit, including a massive security operation to Ambassador, offered (yet another) formal apology. All
protect the leaders and officials. People came from American servicemen on Okinawa were put on an
all around the world to protest at the Summit, on is­ indefinite late night curfew, and a drinking ban, both
sues such as demands for the cancellation of Third on and off the bases, was imposed on a l l servicemen
World debt. And Okinawans came out i n their tens of for the duration of the Summit.
thousands to protest the bases, while the interna­
tional spotlight was on their benighted island. Just These measures are highly unlikely to placate the
before President Clinton arrived, 25,000 of them Okinawans, who simply want the U S m ilitary to pack
formed a human chain around Kadena Air Force up and leave their island (as happened in the
Base. " I want President Clinton to know that we don't neighbouring Philippines, in 1 9 9 1 /92). They rightly

Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 17

ask why Okinawa should be forced to bear such a
huge burden, on behalf of the rest of Japan Taeko
Shimabukuro, in her 70s, lives in 'Henoko Village,
which is to be the site of the relocated alrbase, She
speaks for the great majority when she says: 'How
can I continue to live here? They will destroy the
peace and quiet I had expected for my
life," ( Washington Post, quoted in the Press,
1 611 2199: 'Villager's resist Americans' return', Doug
Stuck)
US Bases In Japan & South Korea
Okinawa is not alone, of course, In hosting US mlli,
tary bases i n Japan, Some of the mainland ones are
detailed i n a n excellent new booklet entitled "Appeal
from the Venue of the G8 Summit Conference: Dam­
age and Crime Caused by US Military Bases in Ja­
pan" ( N ational Campaign Committee for Abrogation
of the Japan-US Security Treaty: Organising Commit­
tee of the 2000 Japan Peace Conference: July 2000)
As well as the Okinawan bases, this booklet focuses
on: Misawa, Yokota, Yokosuka, Atsugi, Iwakuni and
Sasebo, At M isawa Air Base, whole communities
have relocated themselves because of the disruption
calised by the constant noise from F 1 6s (the very Jet
fighters that the NZ govern rnent wisely decided not to
buy) Yokota Air Base, in the suburbs of Tokyo, is the
targ'=t of the biggest lawsuit in Japanese history, also
because of unbearcble noise, Yokosuka Navy Base,
in Tokyo Bay, is the biggest US Navy base outside
the USA and the only place outside the US where its
aircraft carriers are homeported, It is central to the
secret agreement between the US and Japan, allow­
ing nuclear weapons to be illegally brought into
"nuclear free" Japan, a highly sensitive issue in the
only country to have been the victim of atomic
bombs. Atsugi Naval Air Base hosts 30,000 flights
per year, around the clock, disrupting the lives of 1 5
million people, Iwakuni Marine Corp Air Base fea­
tures jet fighters making extremely low altitude flights,
day and night, at great risk to the surrounding civilian
population, The US Navy occupies more than 80% of
Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 18
Sasebo Bay, putting it off limits to commercial usage,
and endangering fishing boats with h ig h speed naval
exercises
The booklet's foreword states " Th i s report reveals
that some 1 30 US bases situated in Japan even
more than a half century after the e n d of World War
1 1 are still inflicting heavy damage on the people,
and that they violate the sovereignty of Japan, Large
numbers of people suffer from accidents, noise,
crimes or environmental destruction from US bases.
The aclivities of the US forces in J a pa n , immune from
Japanese legal jurisdiction, enJoy privileges a n d pro­
tection of the kind that former colonial powers used to
do. We have been struggling for many years to re­
solve the problem. Now, when we are about to enter
a new century, this problem, which runs counter to
the dominant trend of the world, should be rectified
without any more delay. We cali on you, people all
around the world, to support and extend your solidar­
ity with our movement in Japan In the demand for the
eradication of the damage caused by the US bases
and the reduction and dismantling of the bases",
Japan is not the only Asian country to host tens of
thousands of US troops, South Korea has 37,000,
with a network of more than 1 00 US bases across the
country, Land owners whose land has been taken for
US bases have less rights than their counterparts i n
Japan o r the Philippines The U SIKorean Status of
Forces Agreement gives South Korea no rights at all
over these bases. There is the same catalogue of
horrors - ceaseless aircraft noise disrupting
neighbouring communities; toxic wastes and leaks;
Koreans killed and wounded by accidental bombings
at US bombing ranges,
Opposition to those bases IS, if anyth i n g , more fierce
than in Japan, For example, on more than one occa­
sion in June 2000, thousands of Korean protesters
demonstrated at the Koon-Ni bombing range, which
is used by the US Air Force for bombing practice,
They tore down fencing around the base and clashed

This note updates the ftight data for American aircraft
at Christchurch I nternational Airport through May
2000. The flight year was interesting. The decrease
in Channel flights (militarylintelligence) by Starlifters
and Galaxys that started i n December of 1 998 has
continued There was also a period of intense Ameri­
can m ilitary flight activity surrounding the visit of U S
president Bill Clinton to New Zealand i n September of
1 999.
The logistics of a presidential visit to a foreign country
are extraordinary - the cost of US military aircraft
alone to support the "invasion" probably exceeded
the entire annual military budget of our little country.
The August and September flight data sheets that we
receive from the M i nistry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
tell some of the story.
"Operation Phoenix" de­
scended on Harewood air­
port on August 27 with the
arrival of a C-5B Galaxy.
Phoenix appears in the re­
marks column of the flight
sheets for every support
flight for the C l inton visit off from Harewood
over a period of nearly four
weeks surrounding Clinton's
arrival at Harewood on September 1 3 (at 1 0 1 2 hours)
th
and his departure on the 1 5 (at 2 1 30). Air Force
One and Air Force Two carried Clinton and his entou­
rage. Including the American media. These planes
are Boeing 747s with the label "POTUS" ( president of
the . . . ) in the remarks column
The support aircraft were mostly military cargo
planes Hercules (C-130), 32 transit flights; Galaxys
(C-5B). 1 1 flights There were three other craft that
are rarely seen at C h ristchurch. Although they have
the C deSignation, they are not necessarily strictly
cargo aircraft.
I n late August a C-32A flew i n and out a couple of
times. A C-32A carries executive VIPs. There are
only four of these Boeing 757-200 planes in the U S
Air Force. W h o were the executive VIPs who visited
Christchurch? The media didn't tell us.
O n September 1 5 , the day of Clinton's departure, a
C-20A aircraft arrived at 081 5 and took off at 0945 for
a half-hour flight to somewhere. Back it came for a
landing at 1 0 1 5 and left for good at noon. A C-20A is
the military version of a Gulfstream business jet
which has been extenSively modified for special mis­
sion support and electronic surveillance. Sparing no
expense for the POTUS this very important plane and
crew flew all the way from the USA for a half-hour of
Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 19
Bob Leonard
mission support and surveillance a n d then went
home. Since the "Mission" designations for both of
the C-20A flights were AF#1 and AF#2. they may
have been intended to carry Clinton within NZ
A VH-60 helicopter departed Harewood on Septem­
ber 1 0 at an unspecified time, destination unknown
th
and arrived back at the airport on the 1 5 at a n un­
specified time The helicopter was carried to and
from Harewood as cargo in one of the Galaxys.
I n early August we were visited by a C-1 7 , a long­
range heavy airlift Globemaster on a single transit
flight. Although the designation was not Phoenix, it IS
likely this flight had something to do with the impend­
ing presidential visit as these aircraft rarely if ever ap­
pear i n the flight data.
That's a total of 51 transit
flights, many of which were
transcontinental, so C l inton
could put in a n a p pearance for
APEC and play golf at
Queenstown N Z can't even
afford basic modem equipment
for its peacekeeping forces.
The graph is a n extension of
the one published i n PR-21 (page 1 8) showing the
additional flight year from June 1 99 9 through May
2000 (the Phoenix flights are not included). (A flight­
year is defined by the annual clearance dates by
MFAT for American m i litary flights at C hristchurch
Airport, Harewoo d . )
Although the general patterns of flights among the
three categories ( m ilitary, Antarctic a n d lC-130) are
similar across the three years, there are some nota­
ble trends. Perhaps most significant is the decline in
the frequency of military (so-called Channel) flights
from December 1 998. We called attention to this de­
cline in our previous article (PR N o . 2 1 ) and sug­
gested the drop may be due to the decreased activity
at the Nurrungar base in South Australia. Channel
flight numbers did i ncrease somewhat i n the early
months of 2000 but not to levels that prevailed
through most of the 1 990s
There has also been a decline In the frequency of
Ski-Hercules flights since the US Navy VXE squad­
ron was retired and its place taken by the New York
Air National Guard crews and ski aircraft (see PR No
1 5) . This appears to be d u e at least in part to a shift
from Hercules to Starlifters and Galaxys i n the month
of February as Antarctic activities are shut down for
winter
(Graph on page 20)
 U S A i r F o rc e a n d
a t C h r i s t c h U F e ll
45
40
!'l 35
.c
0>
;:: 30
�
= 25
II
'0 20
,
.a 1 5
0
E
1 0
=
z
5
1 991 199 S
About the graph: The bar and line chart presents
flight data for US Air Force, Navy and New York Air
National Guard aircraft using C h ristchurch Interna­
tional Airport in the period June 1 997 through May
2000. The aircraft are primarily cargo carriers LC··
1 30 Ski-Hercules, C-1 4 1 B Starlifers and C-SB Gal­
axys. A transit fliglJt consists of a n arrival and a de-
(The relevant extract from Murray's report to the
September 2000 Alul!.lal General Meeting of the
Campaign Against Foreign Control of Aotearoa -
CAFCA).
I am co-employed by the Anti-Bases Campaign. but it
IS no secret that CAFCA work takes up the great bulk
of my time M y main contribution is as co-editor of
Peace ResearclJer Bob Leonard and I aim to get out
- each.
three Issues a year (although we only achieved that
10 1 99 9 by christening one as a double issue, and
this year isn't looking any different) PR is a much
smaller undertaking than Foreign Control Watchdog.
with a smaller mailing list, and a different emphaSIS
(in some areas we overlap. such as David Small's
court case). PR prides itself on being a newsletter,
publishing news that you won't find elsewhere. For
four years, we have followed, in great detail, the court
cases arising out of the bungled SIS break in at Aziz
Chaudry's home. I n the course of that, I spent nearly
three solid days in the C h ristchurch High Court this
year, observing David Small's successful
case against the Police
I personally, and ABC, were in there from
the outset I doubted the velue of mounting
court cases, seeing more pitfalls than
prizes I was delighted to be proven wrong,
- lowed u p to the spybase's inner gate to
twice. Both Aziz and David won their cases
the S I S a n d the Police got bloodied noses
for once the media did a good job on the
subject The whole SIS/Police
Peace Researcher 22, December 20GO. Page 2(J
N a v y F lig h ts
A irp o rt
1999 2000
parture for a given plane (or departure a n d arrival for
an Antarctic flight). Military denotes m i litaryl
intelligence Channel flights serving U S bases in Aus­
tralia; Antarctic denotes flights to a n d from the Ant­
arctic in support of the U S research program Raw
monthly data provided by the M i nistry of Foreign Af­
fairs and Trade under the Official I nformation Act
has been one of the most consciousness raising poli­
ticisation events of recent history, reinvigorating the
widely based a n d wellfounded dislike of the SIS. Aziz
and David deserve our thanks for risking finanCial
ruin and years of stress by taking their cases, they
deserve our congratulations for Winn i n g them. Once
again, we need to celebrate our victories, and. in fact
there were thoroughly enjoyable victory parties for
ABC has had its most active year for a while - In
January, for the first time in three years, we held a n
actual protest at the Waihopai spybase. I t was
planned to be peaceful, non-arrestable, a n d some­
th ing that families could come to. It worked brilliantly
on all counts. People came from a ro u n d the country
and it was altended by two M P s - the Greens' Rod
Donald and Keith Locke We ran a Best Dressed
Spies contest 10 central Blenheim, complete with a
Picnic (featuring a vegetarian sausage sizzle),
and got a respectable n u m be r of Blenheim locals
al ong. We issued everybody with our specially
printed "Undemocratic Republic of U KUSA" pass­
ports, which were inspected by Uncle S a m (Bob Leo­
nard, In an Oscar-worthy performance) be­
fore they were allowed to enter the foreign
territory of the base. We were legally al­
and present our signed papier ma­
che dome (made by Melanie T h omson and
Jones) to Uncle Sam. It got excellent
national media coverage TV crews fiew
-
in, for the first time in years (they usualiy use local
stringers or ignore it); it was the lead item on that
night's TVNZ One News; plus there was extensive
coverage on radio and in the print media (the Marl­
borough Express really covers this issue, plus the
broader context of Echelon and global electronic spy­
ing, of which Waihopai is but a small part). In another
first, a local farmer let us camp on his land, only
about a kilometre from the base. We're going back
there - to the base and that farm in January 2001 .
That has not been the only ABC activity this year, al­
though a Waihopai protest certainly takes a lot of or­
ganising, especially from long distance (it was my
first time to do it; up until 1 997, it was the domain of
Waihopai Warren Thomson, who remains in Thai­
land). ABC has been fully involved in the campaign
arising from Aziz Choudry's and David Small's court
cases. CAFCA and ABC have both joined the call for
a Select Committee Inquiry into Police spying. We
held a fundraiser, ( see report elsewhere in this issue.
Ed.) entitled "An Evening With The Spycatchers", fea­
turing Aziz and David, plus the excellent 1 999 Austra­
lian TV documentary on the global electronic spy net­
work (we had a great video evening, in Blenheim.
during the Waihopai protest). We are working on lob­
bying, within the Labour caucus, on Waihopai and
related intelligence matters, building on the produc­
tive relationship we've established in recent years.
Further out, we are looking on bringing an overseas
speaker, an ex-spy, here, towards the end of 2001 on
a national speaking tour. That is entirely subject to
finance. I am responsible for building international
anti-bases links, in Australia, Britain, and Japan, to
give some examples. So, ABC is alive and kicking.
The CAFCNABC Organiser Account, which provides
my income, is independent of both the Campaign
Against Foreign Control of Aotearoa and ABC. It has
falien but not so much as to be a major problem.
Iromcally: one factor in this has been the Govern­
ment's increasing the minimum wage by $22 per
week, the first increase for years. The number of
pledgers is holding relatively steady - some leave,
others join - but it is the donations that are vital. Ear­
lier this year we appealed for increased donations -
MARY McALPINE
Bill Willmott
Mary McAlpine died early i n the morning of Saturday
October 7, 2000 in the Mary Potter Hospital, Christ­
church, at the age of 81. Although she was not reli­
gious, her funeral on Wednesday October 1 1 was
held In the C hurch of St Michael and All Angels, led
by her longtime friend and political ally, Father Jim
Consedine. At the start of the service. Vicar Peter
Williams explained that it was an appropriate place
Peace Researcher 22, December 2000, Page 21
one member (who is already a pledger) sent a mag­
nificent $ 1 ,000. Another octogenarian came to the
house, by bus and on foot, to personally give me
$ 1 00 cash. I'm deeply touched by that sort of gener­
osity.
The Account hovers around $ 1 5,000 per year, the
great bulk of which is used to pay me. Donations are
vital. The proportion of income from regular pledgers.
as opposed to donations, is dropping. Currently it IS a
60/40 split
I have been the Organiser for nearly nine years now,
which is an extremely long time for a Job funded e n ­
tirely by the regular pledges a n d donations o f CAFCA
and ABC members and supporters. Once again I
take the opportunity to thank you for your generosity.
The Organiser Account is steady at a regular
$4,500 - $5,500 and is still healthy and viable My
pay is $302 per week gross, which is the minimum
wage. Some pledgers have left; others have Joined,
we can always do with more. This continuing financial
support is a most gratifying vole of confidence In the
work that we, and I, do. I particularly thank all the do­
nors (some who have given hundreds of dollars), be­
cause it is the donations which make the vital differ­
ence. And I must give hearty thanks to my wife
Becky, because if it wasn't for the fact that she's had
a real job for seven years, none of this would be pos­
sible.
CAFCAJABC ORGANISER ACCOUNT
1 999/2000
Balance on 31/3199 $4,985.62
Balance on 3113100 $5.978.01
+ 992.39
EXPENSES
Murray's pay $14,557.90
Other 'cheques ll59 50
$14,717.40
INCOME
One off donations $6,085.60 (39%)
Pledges $9,569.00 (61%)
Interest $55. 1 9
$1 5,709.79
+$992.39 Balanced
for Mary's funeral, despite her beliefs. because her
mother's father, Henry Jacobs, had been the first
priest of this church (later Dean of C h ristchurch Ca­
thedral), and her mother had been brought up in the
vicarage across the road, now Tiffany's Restaurant
where the reception was held.
Deputy PM and Leader of the Alliance Party, Jim An­
derton. left a Cabinet meeting and flew to Christ­
church to speak at the funeral. He praised Mary's
devotion to others and her dedicated support of the
Alliance Despite her Christchurch Esta bl i shment an-
cestry (her grandfather was the first head­
master at Christ's College, her father was
an Anglican Archdeacon ) , Mary was a China
staunch socialist all her life, She and her
husband Bruce (who died in 1 992) and
daughter Jacquie were founding members
of the New Labour Party when Jim broke
with the Rogemomic betrayal of Labour
Party principles, The McAlpines were dedicated
grassroots campaigners in Jim's electorate of Wi­
gram,
Helen Mary Hewland was Christchurch born and
bred, with a loving mother who singlehandedly
brought up a family of six, Educated at St Margaret's
College, Mary then studied to be a dental nurse, and
her first posting was to Rangiora, where she met
teacher Bruce McAlpine, Shortly thereafter Bruce re­
fused the draft and spent the World War I I years in
detention, his courageous refusal to cooperate with
the authorities making him a legend among pacifists
After the war Mary and Bruce were married, and
when Bnuce was barred from teaching, they moved to
Northland to eke out a living on a 50-acre block near
Kerikeri, in the Bay of Islands, most of their income
coming from Mary's dental nursing at a local school.
After ten years of hard work, they decided it was not
a good life for their three children, so they agreed that
Bruce should follow Mary into the dental profeSSion,
and at the age of 36 he entered Otago Dental School,
in Dunedin, For five hard years, Mary worked fulltime
to support the family - fortunately for them, that was
long before the crippling tuition fees dentistry stu­
dents now have to payl
When Bnuce qualified, they moved back to Christ­
church, where they finally had the time to participate
in local political activities, They joined the Labour
Party and were keen members of the Sumner Peace
Group, Corso, CAFCA, the anti-nuclear movement
and the anti-apartheid movement. They worked
closely with the late Peter and Dulcie Stocker in all
these activities (see Dulcie's obituary in Peace Re­
searcher 19120, Ed. ), Mary had been a member of
ABC since 1 99 3 , was a regular donor, and a gener­
ous supporter of the CAFCNABC Organiser Account,
which provides Murray Horton's Income.
Because of their socialist beliels and desire to forge
ONE WORLD BOOKS
Keith Locke
One World Books, on Auckland's Karangahape
Road, closed in late 2000. It was the country's lead­
ing progressive bookshop, and the only bookshop
which stocked Peace Researcher Ed.
It's sad to see the end of One World Books, New
Zealand's only remaining broad left movement book­
shop, I was the shop manager between 1 990 and
December 7 1 999, when overnight I disappeared to
(as a Green list MP Ed. ).
Parliament
Peace Researcher 22, December 2000, Page 22
friendly links internationally, and
Bruce joined a medical group to rour
in 1 974, which awakened the"
passion for Chinese society, cu ltu re and
people. On their return, they the
New Zealand China SOCiety
then called) and soon became members
of the local committee, on which Mary
served for 24 years, the last ten as vice-president.
They also joined the NZ-Oemocratic People's ""PUl:>
lic of Korea Society, founded by Wolf and
together with the Stockers, Norman and Hob-
erts and others, visited North Korea In 1 980. The
MeAlpines also toured Eastern Europe, staYing With
Esperanto-speaking hosts and establishing fnendly
links everywhere,
Mary went to China again in 1 984 with a stu d y group
and later in a leaders delegation of the New Zea la nd
China Friendship Society, She developed personal
friendships with several Chinese who h a d In
their Balmoral home overlooking the estuary and
across Pegasus Bay to the Kaikouras, One of these
friends, Lu Wanru, stayed with Mary four times, Her
tribute to Mary, read at the funeral, included these
words: "She is not only a long standing d ear friend of
mine, but a true friend of the Chinese people . My
with her and Bruce in Christchurch formed the most
pleasant and memorable memories i n my life. I Will
treasure their memory forever" .
As well as her political activities, Mary was an accom·
plished artist, working in various media. On e of her
lithographs was included in a New Zealand exhibition
in New York, Mary was also an active member of the
Friends of the Robert McDougall Gallery, often gUid,
ing visitors to the gallery, and encouraged friends to
develop their artistic skills through workshops and
drawing classes, She had a fine collection at
ings and pottery by New Zealand artists.
Mary leaves a brother in London and three �hillrlrp'n
Jacquie in Christchurch, Christine in Palmerstofl
North, and John in Cologne, where he is a concert
pianist At the funeral, John played a he had
written for her birthday some years ago. Not
they, but many Cantabrians will miss rich ccn�
tribution to community life, her talents, her dedication.
her wit and her kindness,
I put a lot of effort into the sh op for two reasons.
Firstly, because I think it important that pee'ple
to change the world and save the pla net have access
to the best literature to Inform and motivate their cam­
paigns, And secondly, because a bOOK­
shop is an impcrtanl "counter-Institution"
I understood this as I was growing up In Cilristchurcil.
visrting and buying my books at Coop Books. It was
almost sacrilege in our family no! to buy your books
there, I f you were on the left, you joined a union scel
you bought your books at Coop Bco k s (or Modem
Books in Wellington or Books In Auck­
land)

Progressive bookshops like One World
Books have always been a meeting place,
with activists feeling it as part of them,
unlike commercial shops. This is not to
say that other bookshops that remain do
not having that feeling, like the women's
bookshOps and some quality independ­
ents, and serve a progressive audience in
particular niches.
But I think there is always a place for the broad pro­
gressive bookshop, relating to all the issues as they
develop. For example, One World got into the envi­
ronment, development, indigenous issues, globalisa­
tion, women's and gay issues in a way the progres­
sive bookshops of earlier decades did not
Why did One World Books fail? It was always running
on the financial edge, and on too small a scale to
make quite the impact on the market it could. And
without that oomph that perhaps a bigger financial
backing would have produced it was hard to counter
negative factors. These included the steep price of
Vi d eo Revi ew
"THE WTO AND THE
GLOBAL WAR SYSTEM"
Video produced by The International Network on
Disarmament and Globalisation; Abolition 2000;
End the Arms Race; Washington Physicians for
Social Responsibility; and the Northwest Disar­
mament Coalition
Dennis Small
This is a 24 minute video which takes highlights from
speeches at a seminar held in November 1999, in
Seattle, as part of the protest and civil education
campaigns at the time of the failed launch of a new
World Trade Organisation (WTO) Round. The Seattle
protests helped to check the momentum of corporate
globalisation and this video is another of the follow up
resources flowing out of the mass people's move­
ment against free trade/investment which has been
so successful internationally in recent years.
The video is a simply-made, talking-heads one but
the speakers are certainly worth our attention. There
are four: Susan George of the Transnational Institute
is a renowned analyst . of transnational corporations
(TNCs) and International Monetarl Fund (IMF), etc.
predation on the Third World; Mark Ritchie is the
President of the American Institute for Agriculture and
Trade Policy, an excellent US research and activist
group; Alice Slater is a spokesperson for Global Re­
source Center for the Environment (GRACE) and
Abolition 2000; and Steven Staples is a spokesper-
Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 23
imported specialist books and the ten­
dency of people to buy such books di­
rectly on the Intemet. Also, we were a
long way from resurrecting the past loy­
alty to Left bookshops, where a high pro­
portion of movement people would go out
of their way to buy at the progressive
bookshop. We did get quite a good
round-the-country mail order service go­
ing, but not enough to really underpin the shop.
All is not lost. Although we never fully utilised the
Internet, I think in the future this will help progressive
bookshops in New Zealand because having books
both on the internet and in the shop will be a powerful
combination. People in smaller centres ill-served by
bookshops, will be an important mail order base for
such a shop - as they were to a growing extent with
One World.
In little ways people will miss the shop. For example,
where will Aucklanders and people visiting Auckland
get their Watchdog or Peace Researcher or Kapati­
ran now the shop is closed?
son for the International Network on Disarmament
and Globalisation.
What the speakers present is a range of views on
how the WTO is causing the conditions for war, and,
indeed, generating war - both within countries and
between ,countries.
Susan George stresses the growing instability that
the WTO and its connected agencies are fostering in
the Third World. As she succinctly summarises, glob­
alisation is a process that sucks money from the bot­
tom to the top; that concentrates power at the top:
and that creates "myriad losers" across the planet.
Internationally, in broad terms, there is the formation
of a three tier society: the exploiters at the top; the
exploited; and then those who are not even worth ex­
ploiting directly - the "outcasts".
This WTO system is a scenario for tremendous insta­
bility and George quotes "The Lugano Report" of the
Oslo Peace Research Institute to show how IMF­
imposed structural adjustment has been a critical fac­
tor in the instigation of civil wars during the 1990s.
Between 1990 and 1996 there were 98 major wars of
which the overwhelming majority were civil wars.
These took place mainly within poor countries where
agriculture was dominant, land degraded, fresh water
scarce, and population high in number Other key
factors involved were high debt, falling commodity
prices, and IMF-imposed "structural adjustment" pro­
grammes. The horrific slaughter in Rwanda in 1994
has been the most graphic example of civil war in
such a country.
In contrast. Mark Ritchie takes a longer view and
paints to the effects of European colonisation of the
American continent for the sort of impact that the
WTO represents today. Slavery of Africans, then re­
pression of farmers and workers have all been ele­
ments of the same pattern of politico-economic re­
preSSion. Peace demands justice but the WTO/IMFI
World Bank complex is producing ever greater inJus­
tice. Ritchie looks to the peace movement for inspira­
tion for the future in countering the WTO and the
global war system.
Alice Slater obviously comes from a peace move­
ment perspective and warns about the new militarisa­
tion which the US is now undertaking. The US Space
Command programme has a vision of a space-based
"war-fighting" system that will protect American inter­
ests and investments. TNCs like Lockheed and Boe­
ing are the big guns enforcing the rules of the WTO.
But this new militarlsation is putting us all in increas­
ing danger
The Article 21 Exception
Finally, Steven Staples builds on what Alice Slater
has to say, He talks about the military corporate com­
plex and how globalisation is engineering new rela­
tions between governments and TNCs, Globally­
oriented TNCs are merging, e.g, Boeing took over
McDonnell-Douglas. They are also shaping govern­
mental policy on a hugely unprecedented scale, e,g,
British Aerospace, Europe's largest weapons TNC,
o o k Revi ew
"BREAD A N D WATER"
The escape & ordeal of two NZ World War II con­
scientious objectors" by W.J. Foote (with Chris
Palmer & Merv Browne) Foreword by Elsie Locke
Greg Jones
Will Foote, who has written on peace issues before
(for example, see Greg Jones' review of Will's "The
Power of People", in PR 19/20. Ed, ), was also impris­
oned in a detention camp during WWII. Here in this
exceptional, compelling book, Will brings to life a dar­
ing escape of two conscientious objectors, Chris
Palmer and Merv Browne, from Strathmore Detention
Camp (central North Island), in 1 944. New Zealand
needs "hero stories" like these to hand on to future
generations.
Only 68 pages long, yet packed with great narrative,
humour, excellent photos, maps and a time-line,
"Bread and Water" tells the story of two "wartime he-
Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 24
has been extended the same treatrnent by the US
Administration as its own homegrown finms. ie. given
so-called "national treatment" under the WTO regime.
Staples signals the importance of Article 2 1 of the old
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) -
now incorporated into the WTO - which is the most
powerful exception in the WTO, It protects the war
industry from the trade agreement's other liberalising
provisions It ensures that the only legitimate rule of
government is in defence and the maintenance of in­
ternal order. Under the new global order this means
that governments are free to boost the war system as
much as they want. It guarantees a uniquely special
connection with governmental policy for the arms
finms and channels concern about employment.
growth and so on into the protected military area
Thus the military take even greater control.
In a multitude of reinforcing ways, then, free tradel
investment promotes war over peace, "The WTO
and the Global War System" is a really useful visual
resource for stimulating group discussions on the
problems and what we need to do, It comes complete
with a set of informative notes. This video should be
especially good for making constructive links be­
tween peace groups and those working for justice.
This video is available for hire, from the Cam­
paign Against Foreign Control of Aotearoa
(CAFCA). It costs $10, including postage; for
one week. Make cheques to CAFCA, Box 2258,
Christchurch.
roes" who, because of their Christian pacifist beliefs,
decided to "go that extra mile".
Pacifists have often been ridiculed and regarded as
cowards by the mainstream press. This story leaves
the reader in no doubt about the exceptional quali­
ties, the courage and selflessness, of two men who
drew deeply from the well of Christian faith, in par­
ticular their Methodist social teachings regarding the
evils of war.
"The 1935 Methodist annual conference accepted
a number of declarations, among which were:
• the Christian Church accepts as an integral part
of her redemptive mission a duty to promote
peace and prevent war;
• we believe war is a crime against humanity and
must be utterly repudiated as a method of settling
international disputes
• we press for a worldwide reduction of arma­
ments, limitation and control of their manufacture
and sale" (p1 1 'Bread and Water),
 I recommend Will Foote's book to not only those Highly recommended
Interested in pacifism in NZ but a l l who thirst for
Copies can be purchased directly from Philip Garside
justice and the rights of Individuals and groups to
Publishing Ltd for $ 1 6.95
express dissident viewpoints. If you don't come
Box 17 1 6 0 Wellington
under these categories, then I would plead with
Ph (04) 475 8 1 54
you to read it! All libraries (especially schools), as
fax 04 475 8 1 58
well as church groups, community groups and
email: books@pgpLco.nz
Individuals will find this a valuable, and, I'm sure.
website: www pgpLco . nz
.

much sought after, addition to their collections .

. FORMER CANADIAN SPY TO TOUIt NI

LATE 1001
. . . . APPEALJEOR FUNPS
Mike Frost spent three and a half decades working as a CV and reviews there, and view a five minute video sample
spy, with the final two decades being with the Communica· of him speaking.
tions Security Establishment (CSE), the Canadian equiva­
lent of the NZ Government Communications Security Bu­ ABC is committad to the closure of the Waihopai and
reau (GCSB), which operates the Tangimoana and Waiho­ Tangimoana spybases and the abolition of the GCSB.
pai spybases. CSE and GCSB are the Canadian and New Frost will not speak about internal NZ issues. But he
Zealand agenCies in the top secret UKUSA global elec­ will give an invaluable insider's global perspective o n
tronic intelligence gathering agreement The other parties subjects such as Echelon, and the abuses of
are the US, UK, and Australia. Their most notorious project international electronic spying. That's why we want as
IS codenamed Echelon - a global system of spybases in­ many New Zealanders as possible, including MPs, to
tercepting civilian telecommunications satellites for hear what he has to say.
"keywords" of interest to Big Brother, the US National Secu­
rity Agency (NSA). This tour is entirely subject to finance. Mike Frost is keen to
come and has waived his usual $C3,500 per appearance
Since retiring, Mike Frost has written about and publicly speaking fee , no mean concession for someone who
spoken out against his former profession, and has become makes his living as a speaker and writer. He will do it for
internationally well known in the process. His best known airfares
and costs (we have offered him private
book is "Spyworld" (1 994, reissued 1 998). He was seen on accommodation only, not hotels).
NZ TV in 2000, on 60 Minutes; he featured prominently in
the ground breaking 1 999 Australian TV documentary about But bringing some50dy from Canada (Ottawa , to be exact)
Echelon. involves serious money, and is way beyond the means of a
small group like ABC. That's why we're appealing for help,
Mike Frost has accepted the Invitation of the Anti­ either money up front, or pledges of financial support if
Bases Campaign to tour NZ, in the final quarter of 2001, called upon.

Former spies who publicly denounce their old job are as The crash in the $NZ and the relentless s u rge in petrol
scarce as hens' teeth (he has no NZ equivalent). Currently, prices means that guessing Canada-NZ airfares in late
there are a couple of British ones, but they are both subject 2001 is very difficult. But we need to raise one return
to major legal and immigration harassment Frost has no international fare; plus internal NZ fares and
such problems. Naturally, as a veteran former spy, Mike associated costs.
Frost's perspective on the subject is different to ours, but
we can Jive with that. You can check out Mike Frost WE ESTIMATE THAT WE NEED $5,000. CAN YOU
yourself. Go to www.canspeak.com and click on his name HELP?
under the alphabetical list of speakers. You can read his Please see PR insert for details ...

ABOUT PEA�E RESEAR�HER

Peace Researcher is published by the Anti-Bases Campaign, C hristchurch The editors are M u rray H orton and
Bob Leonard. Our layout artist is Melanie Thomson. Our journal covers a range of peace issues with emphasis
on foreign military bases and intelligence topics Contributed arlicles will be conSidered for p u blication based
on subject matter and space requirements. We are particularly interested in reports of original research on
peace topics in Aotearoa a n d the wider region of Australasia and the Pacific.

Our address is -
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Peace Researcher 22, December 2000, Page 25

 -- . .-- - -- . - - -I.
0Vlelanie _J
This will be the last PR to Melame has been a key ABC activist since her lalL
be laid out by Melanie teens, playing a leading role I n al! our actlvitle,
Thomson for the Indefi­ (including being arrested more than once at Waihopa:
nite future. She is leaving spybase demos), and has done an excellent job "
us for the Wide Blue Yon­ laying out PR for the past few years. But we don .'
der. the Big OE, the Brain think that she's lost to us, as we expect her bacf .
Drain. In Melanie's case, speaking Cockney, at some stage i n the future She
she will be draining her might commit the unthinkable and shack up witI'
brain by teaching In mner London schools. We're not some pasty Pam, but that's all right, he can come
sure If she s leaving in protest at Government poli­ too.
cies, as has recently been alleged In the case of the
tens of thousands of young Kiwis who bugger off
from Godzone Perhaps Melanie will take out a full
page ad saying that she won't come home until Wai­
hopai IS closed

Her departure means that the ABC and PR are a

Thomson free zone for the first time ever, as her
Dear Old Dad, Waihopai Warren, remains in hiding i n
3angkok, where he has been teaching for the past
several years.

';'·!;,A·,
...
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!'I": See PR insert for details
) f' :rfv'!:vf ! ! 4".!·v! !,,�,f+,!,Y¥4,�t-t!t.:f"IV!-,.,}!\t!'1--f�fv"!'*/!�'!'¥'!'�'!�IiJ"�" Tti'!ll"!'>f'!4fT�}fv!t·i"J;'!'��!�\;'!N'!",y{c"�'{i'!i''"!'v!\"t%.!,,+t-!
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Peace Researcher 22, December 2000. Page 26